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Going Beyond Dual Execution: MPC for Functions with Efficient Verification
Going Beyond Dual Execution: MPC for Functions with Efficient Verification Carmit Hazay abhi shelat ∗ Bar-Ilan University Northeastern Universityy Muthuramakrishnan Venkitasubramaniamz University of Rochester Abstract The dual execution paradigm of Mohassel and Franklin (PKC’06) and Huang, Katz and Evans (IEEE ’12) shows how to achieve the notion of 1-bit leakage security at roughly twice the cost of semi-honest security for the special case of two-party secure computation. To date, there are no multi-party compu- tation (MPC) protocols that offer such a strong trade-off between security and semi-honest performance. Our main result is to address this shortcoming by designing 1-bit leakage protocols for the multi- party setting, albeit for a special class of functions. We say that function f (x, y) is efficiently verifiable by g if the running time of g is always smaller than f and g(x, y, z) = 1 if and only if f (x, y) = z. In the two-party setting, we first improve dual execution by observing that the “second execution” can be an evaluation of g instead of f , and that by definition, the evaluation of g is asymptotically more efficient. Our main MPC result is to construct a 1-bit leakage protocol for such functions from any passive protocol for f that is secure up to additive errors and any active protocol for g. An important result by Genkin et al. (STOC ’14) shows how the classic protocols by Goldreich et al. (STOC ’87) and Ben-Or et al. (STOC ’88) naturally support this property, which allows to instantiate our compiler with two-party and multi-party protocols. -
Reducing Redundancy in Data Organization and Arithmetic Calculation for Stencil Computations
Reducing Redundancy in Data Organization and Arithmetic Calculation for Stencil Computations Kun Li Liang Yuan Yunquan Zhang Institute of Computing Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Beijing, China Beijing, China Sciences [email protected] [email protected] Beijing, China [email protected] Yue Yue Hang Cao Pengqi Lu Institute of Computing Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of University of Chinese Academy of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Sciences Sciences Beijing, China Beijing, China Beijing, China [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract ACM Reference Format: Stencil computation is one of the most important kernels Kun Li, Liang Yuan, Yunquan Zhang, Yue Yue, Hang Cao, and Pengqi in various scientific and engineering applications. A variety Lu. 2021. Reducing Redundancy in Data Organization and Arith- metic Calculation for Stencil Computations. In Proceedings of ACM of work has focused on vectorization techniques, aiming at Conference (Conference’21). ACM, Seoul, South Korea, 12 pages. exploiting the in-core data parallelism. Briefly, they either https://doi.org/10.1145/nnnnnnn.nnnnnnn incur data alignment conflicts or hurt the data locality when integrated with tiling. In this paper, a novel transpose lay- out is devised to preserve the data locality for tiling in the 1 Introduction data space and reduce the data reorganization overhead for Stencil is one of the most important kernels widely used vectorization simultaneously. -
Information Theory Methods in Communication Complexity
INFORMATION THEORY METHODS IN COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY BY NIKOLAOS LEONARDOS A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School—New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Computer Science Written under the direction of Michael Saks and approved by New Brunswick, New Jersey JANUARY, 2012 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Information theory methods in communication complexity by Nikolaos Leonardos Dissertation Director: Michael Saks This dissertation is concerned with the application of notions and methods from the field of information theory to the field of communication complexity. It con- sists of two main parts. In the first part of the dissertation, we prove lower bounds on the random- ized two-party communication complexity of functions that arise from read-once boolean formulae. A read-once boolean formula is a formula in propositional logic with the property that every variable appears exactly once. Such a formula can be represented by a tree, where the leaves correspond to variables, and the in- ternal nodes are labeled by binary connectives. Under certain assumptions, this representation is unique. Thus, one can define the depth of a formula as the depth of the tree that represents it. The complexity of the evaluation of general read-once formulae has attracted interest mainly in the decision tree model. In the communication complexity model many interesting results deal with specific read-once formulae, such as disjointness and tribes. In this dissertation we use information theory methods to prove lower bounds that hold for any read-once ii formula. -
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LEADING THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY 2016 ANNUAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 MESSAGE FROM THE IEEE PRESIDENT AND THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 3 LEADING THE FUTURE OF TECHNOLOGY 5 GROWING GLOBAL AND INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIPS 11 ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY 17 INCREASING AWARENESS 23 AWARDING EXCELLENCE 29 EXPANSION AND OUTREACH 33 ELEVATING ENGAGEMENT 37 MESSAGE FROM THE TREASURER AND REPORT OF INDEPENDENT CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS 39 CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Barry L. Shoop 2016 IEEE President and CEO IEEE Xplore® Digital Library to enable personalized importantly, we must be willing to rise again, learn experiences based on second-generation analytics. from our experiences, and advance. As our members drive ever-faster technological revolutions, each of us MESSAGE FROM As IEEE’s membership continues to grow must play a role in guaranteeing that our professional internationally, we have expanded our global presence society remains relevant, that it is as innovative as our THE IEEE PRESIDENT AND and engagement by opening offices in key geographic members are, and that it continues to evolve to meet locations around the world. In 2016, IEEE opened a the challenges of the ever-changing world around us. second office in China, due to growth in the country THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR and to better support engineers in Shenzhen, China’s From Big Data and Cloud Computing to Smart Grid, Silicon Valley. We expanded our office in Bangalore, Cybersecurity and our Brain Initiative, IEEE members India, and are preparing for the opening of a new IEEE are working across varied disciplines, pursuing Technology continues to be a transformative power We continue to make great strides in our efforts to office in Vienna, Austria. -
The Next Digital Decade Essays on the Future of the Internet
THE NEXT DIGITAL DECADE ESSAYS ON THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET Edited by Berin Szoka & Adam Marcus THE NEXT DIGITAL DECADE ESSAYS ON THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET Edited by Berin Szoka & Adam Marcus NextDigitalDecade.com TechFreedom techfreedom.org Washington, D.C. This work was published by TechFreedom (TechFreedom.org), a non-profit public policy think tank based in Washington, D.C. TechFreedom’s mission is to unleash the progress of technology that improves the human condition and expands individual capacity to choose. We gratefully acknowledge the generous and unconditional support for this project provided by VeriSign, Inc. More information about this book is available at NextDigitalDecade.com ISBN 978-1-4357-6786-7 © 2010 by TechFreedom, Washington, D.C. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Cover Designed by Jeff Fielding. THE NEXT DIGITAL DECADE: ESSAYS ON THE FUTURE OF THE INTERNET 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword 7 Berin Szoka 25 Years After .COM: Ten Questions 9 Berin Szoka Contributors 29 Part I: The Big Picture & New Frameworks CHAPTER 1: The Internet’s Impact on Culture & Society: Good or Bad? 49 Why We Must Resist the Temptation of Web 2.0 51 Andrew Keen The Case for Internet Optimism, Part 1: Saving the Net from Its Detractors 57 Adam Thierer CHAPTER 2: Is the Generative -
On SZK and PP
Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity, Revision 2 of Report No. 140 (2016) On SZK and PP Adam Bouland1, Lijie Chen2, Dhiraj Holden1, Justin Thaler3, and Prashant Nalini Vasudevan1 1CSAIL, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA 2IIIS, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China 3Georgetown University, Washington, DC USA Abstract In both query and communication complexity, we give separations between the class NISZK, con- taining those problems with non-interactive statistical zero knowledge proof systems, and the class UPP, containing those problems with randomized algorithms with unbounded error. These results significantly improve on earlier query separations of Vereschagin [Ver95] and Aaronson [Aar12] and earlier commu- nication complexity separations of Klauck [Kla11] and Razborov and Sherstov [RS10]. In addition, our results imply an oracle relative to which the class NISZK 6⊆ PP. This answers an open question of Wa- trous from 2002 [Aar]. The technical core of our result is a stronger hardness amplification theorem for approximate degree, which roughly says that composing the gapped-majority function with any function of high approximate degree yields a function with high threshold degree. Using our techniques, we also give oracles relative to which the following two separations hold: perfect zero knowledge (PZK) is not contained in its complement (coPZK), and SZK (indeed, even NISZK) is not contained in PZK (indeed, even HVPZK). Along the way, we show that HVPZK is contained in PP in a relativizing manner. We prove a number of implications of these results, which may be of independent interest outside of structural complexity. Specifically, our oracle separation implies that certain parameters of the Polariza- tion Lemma of Sahai and Vadhan [SV03] cannot be much improved in a black-box manner. -
SIGOPS Annual Report 2012
SIGOPS Annual Report 2012 Fiscal Year July 2012-June 2013 Submitted by Jeanna Matthews, SIGOPS Chair Overview SIGOPS is a vibrant community of people with interests in “operatinG systems” in the broadest sense, includinG topics such as distributed computing, storaGe systems, security, concurrency, middleware, mobility, virtualization, networkinG, cloud computinG, datacenter software, and Internet services. We sponsor a number of top conferences, provide travel Grants to students, present yearly awards, disseminate information to members electronically, and collaborate with other SIGs on important programs for computing professionals. Officers It was the second year for officers: Jeanna Matthews (Clarkson University) as Chair, GeorGe Candea (EPFL) as Vice Chair, Dilma da Silva (Qualcomm) as Treasurer and Muli Ben-Yehuda (Technion) as Information Director. As has been typical, elected officers agreed to continue for a second and final two- year term beginning July 2013. Shan Lu (University of Wisconsin) will replace Muli Ben-Yehuda as Information Director as of AuGust 2013. Awards We have an excitinG new award to announce – the SIGOPS Dennis M. Ritchie Doctoral Dissertation Award. SIGOPS has lonG been lackinG a doctoral dissertation award, such as those offered by SIGCOMM, Eurosys, SIGPLAN, and SIGMOD. This new award fills this Gap and also honors the contributions to computer science that Dennis Ritchie made durinG his life. With this award, ACM SIGOPS will encouraGe the creativity that Ritchie embodied and provide a reminder of Ritchie's leGacy and what a difference a person can make in the field of software systems research. The award is funded by AT&T Research and Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs, companies that both have a strong connection to AT&T Bell Laboratories where Dennis Ritchie did his seminal work. -
2020 SIGACT REPORT SIGACT EC – Eric Allender, Shuchi Chawla, Nicole Immorlica, Samir Khuller (Chair), Bobby Kleinberg September 14Th, 2020
2020 SIGACT REPORT SIGACT EC – Eric Allender, Shuchi Chawla, Nicole Immorlica, Samir Khuller (chair), Bobby Kleinberg September 14th, 2020 SIGACT Mission Statement: The primary mission of ACM SIGACT (Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory) is to foster and promote the discovery and dissemination of high quality research in the domain of theoretical computer science. The field of theoretical computer science is the rigorous study of all computational phenomena - natural, artificial or man-made. This includes the diverse areas of algorithms, data structures, complexity theory, distributed computation, parallel computation, VLSI, machine learning, computational biology, computational geometry, information theory, cryptography, quantum computation, computational number theory and algebra, program semantics and verification, automata theory, and the study of randomness. Work in this field is often distinguished by its emphasis on mathematical technique and rigor. 1. Awards ▪ 2020 Gödel Prize: This was awarded to Robin A. Moser and Gábor Tardos for their paper “A constructive proof of the general Lovász Local Lemma”, Journal of the ACM, Vol 57 (2), 2010. The Lovász Local Lemma (LLL) is a fundamental tool of the probabilistic method. It enables one to show the existence of certain objects even though they occur with exponentially small probability. The original proof was not algorithmic, and subsequent algorithmic versions had significant losses in parameters. This paper provides a simple, powerful algorithmic paradigm that converts almost all known applications of the LLL into randomized algorithms matching the bounds of the existence proof. The paper further gives a derandomized algorithm, a parallel algorithm, and an extension to the “lopsided” LLL. -
László Lovász Avi Wigderson De L’Université Eötvös Loránd À De L’Institute for Advanced Study De Budapest, En Hongrie Et À Princeton, Aux États-Unis
2021 L’Académie des sciences et des lettres de Norvège a décidé de décerner le prix Abel 2021 à László Lovász Avi Wigderson de l’université Eötvös Loránd à de l’Institute for Advanced Study de Budapest, en Hongrie et à Princeton, aux États-Unis, « pour leurs contributions fondamentales à l’informatique théorique et aux mathématiques discrètes, et pour leur rôle de premier plan dans leur transformation en domaines centraux des mathématiques contemporaines ». L’informatique théorique est l’étude de la puissance croissante sur plusieurs autres sciences, ce et des limites du calcul. Elle trouve son origine qui permet de faire de nouvelles découvertes dans les travaux fondateurs de Kurt Gödel, Alonzo en « chaussant des lunettes d’informaticien ». Church, Alan Turing et John von Neumann, qui ont Les structures discrètes telles que les graphes, conduit au développement de véritables ordinateurs les chaînes de caractères et les permutations physiques. L’informatique théorique comprend deux sont au cœur de l’informatique théorique, et les sous-disciplines complémentaires : l’algorithmique mathématiques discrètes et l’informatique théorique qui développe des méthodes efficaces pour une ont naturellement été des domaines étroitement multitude de problèmes de calcul ; et la complexité, liés. Certes, ces deux domaines ont énormément qui montre les limites inhérentes à l’efficacité des bénéficié des champs de recherche plus traditionnels algorithmes. La notion d’algorithmes en temps des mathématiques, mais on constate également polynomial mise en avant dans les années 1960 par une influence croissante dans le sens inverse. Alan Cobham, Jack Edmonds et d’autres, ainsi que Les applications, concepts et techniques de la célèbre conjecture P≠NP de Stephen Cook, Leonid l’informatique théorique ont généré de nouveaux Levin et Richard Karp ont eu un fort impact sur le défis, ouvert de nouvelles directions de recherche domaine et sur les travaux de Lovász et Wigderson. -
2008 Cse Course List 56
It is CSE’s intention every year to make the Annual Report representative of the whole Department. With this ideal in mind, a design contest is held every year open to Graduate and Undergraduate students. This year’s winner was James Dickson, a junior CSE major who hails from Granville, Ohio. CONTENTS 2008 ACHIEVEMENT & HIGHLIGHTS 1 ANNUAL CSE DEPARTMENT AWARDS 11 INDUSTRIAL ADVISORY BOARD 12 RETIREMENT DOUBLE HIT 13 RESEARCH 14 GRANTS, AWARDS & GIFTS 19 COLLOQUIUM 27 STUDENTS 29 FaCULTY AND STAFF 38 SELECT FaCULTY PUBLICATIONS 49 2007 - 2008 CSE COURSE LIST 56 395 Dreese Labs 2015 Neil Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43210-1277 (614) 292-5813 WWW.CSE.OHIO-STATE.EDU i Mission Statement ± The Department of Computer Science and Engineering will impact the information age as a national leader in computing research and education. ± We will prepare computing graduates who are highly sought after, productive, and well-respected for their work, and who contribute to new developments in computing. ± We will give students in other disciplines an appropriate foundation in computing for their education, research, and experiences after graduation, consistent with computing’s increasingly fundamental role in society. ± In our areas of research focus, we will contribute key ideas to the development of the computing basis of the information age, advancing the state of the art for the benefit of society, the State of Ohio, and The Ohio State University. ± We will work with key academic partners within and outside of OSU, and with key industrial partners, in pursuit of our research and educational endeavors. ii GREETIN G S FROM THE CHAIR ’S OFFI C E Dear Colleges, Alumni, Friends, and Parents, As we reach the end of the 2007-2008 academic year, I am glad to introduce you a new annual report of the department. -
The Flajolet-Martin Sketch Itself Preserves Differential Privacy: Private Counting with Minimal Space
The Flajolet-Martin Sketch Itself Preserves Differential Privacy: Private Counting with Minimal Space Adam Smith Shuang Song Abhradeep Thakurta Boston University Google Research, Brain Team Google Research, Brain Team [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract We revisit the problem of counting the number of distinct elements F0(D) in a data stream D, over a domain [u]. We propose an ("; δ)-differentially private algorithm that approximates F0(D) within a factor of (1 ± γ), and with additive error of p O( ln(1/δ)="), using space O(ln(ln(u)/γ)/γ2). We improve on the prior work at least quadratically and up to exponentially, in terms of both space and additive p error. Our additive error guarantee is optimal up to a factor of O( ln(1/δ)), n ln(u) 1 o and the space bound is optimal up to a factor of O min ln γ ; γ2 . We assume the existence of an ideal uniform random hash function, and ignore the space required to store it. We later relax this requirement by assuming pseudo- random functions and appealing to a computational variant of differential privacy, SIM-CDP. Our algorithm is built on top of the celebrated Flajolet-Martin (FM) sketch. We show that FM-sketch is differentially private as is, as long as there are p ≈ ln(1/δ)=(εγ) distinct elements in the data set. Along the way, we prove a structural result showing that the maximum of k i.i.d. random variables is statisti- cally close (in the sense of "-differential privacy) to the maximum of (k + 1) i.i.d. -
IEEE-SA Standards Board Meeting Minutes – December 2015
Board Meeting Minutes – September 2011 IEEE-SA Standards Board Meeting Minutes – December 2015 IEEE-SA Standards Board Meeting Minutes 05 December 2015 IEEE Operations Center, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA Attendees Chair: John Kulick Vice Chair: Jon Rosdahl Past Chair: Rich Hulett Secretary: Konstantinos Karachalios Members: Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse Stephen Dukes [TAB Rep.] Jean-Philippe Faure Travis Griffith Gary Hoffman Michael Janezic David Law Hung Ling Andrew Myles Ted Olsen Glenn Parsons Ron Petersen Annette Reilly Steve Shellhammer Adrian Stephens Yatin Trivedi Philip Winston Don Wright IEEE Standards Association | 445 Hoes Lane | Piscataway NJ 08854 USA Phone: +1 732 981 0060 | Fax: +1 732 562 1571 | standards.ieee.org IEEE-SA Standards Board Meeting Minutes – December 2015 Yu Yuan Daidi Zhong Thomas Koshy, NRC Liaison Jim Matthews, IEC Liaison Members Absent: Joe Koepfinger, Member Emeritus Dick DeBlasio, DOE Liaison IEEE Staff: Melissa Aranzamendez Kathryn Bennett Christina Boyce Matthew Ceglia Tom Compton Christian DeFelice Karen Evangelista Jonathan Goldberg Mary Ellen Hanntz Yvette Ho Sang Noelle Humenick Karen Kenney Michael Kipness Adam Newman Mary Lynne Nielsen Moira Patterson Walter Pienciak Dave Ringle, Recording Secretary Rudi Schubert Sam Sciacca Patrick Slaats Walter Sun Susan Tatiner Cherry Tom Lisa Weisser Meng Zhao IEEE Outside Legal Counsel: Claire Topp Guests: Chuck Adams Dennis Brophy Dave Djavaherian IEEE-SA Standards Board Meeting Minutes – December 2015 James Gilb Scott Gilfillan Daniel Hermele Bruce Kraemer Xiaohui Liu Kevin Lu John Messenger Gil Ohana Mehmet Ulema, ComSoc Liaison to the SASB Neil Vohra Walter Weigel Yingli Wen Phil Wennblom Howard Wolfman Helene Workman Paul Zeineddin 1 Call to Order Chair Kulick called the meeting to order at 9:00 a.m.