Student User Experience with the IBM Qiskit Quantum Computing Interface
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Qiskit Backend Specifications for Openqasm and Openpulse
Qiskit Backend Specifications for OpenQASM and OpenPulse Experiments David C. McKay1,∗ Thomas Alexander1, Luciano Bello1, Michael J. Biercuk2, Lev Bishop1, Jiayin Chen2, Jerry M. Chow1, Antonio D. C´orcoles1, Daniel Egger1, Stefan Filipp1, Juan Gomez1, Michael Hush2, Ali Javadi-Abhari1, Diego Moreda1, Paul Nation1, Brent Paulovicks1, Erick Winston1, Christopher J. Wood1, James Wootton1 and Jay M. Gambetta1 1IBM Research 2Q-CTRL Pty Ltd, Sydney NSW Australia September 11, 2018 Abstract As interest in quantum computing grows, there is a pressing need for standardized API's so that algorithm designers, circuit designers, and physicists can be provided a common reference frame for designing, executing, and optimizing experiments. There is also a need for a language specification that goes beyond gates and allows users to specify the time dynamics of a quantum experiment and recover the time dynamics of the output. In this document we provide a specification for a common interface to backends (simulators and experiments) and a standarized data structure (Qobj | quantum object) for sending experiments to those backends via Qiskit. We also introduce OpenPulse, a language for specifying pulse level control (i.e. control of the continuous time dynamics) of a general quantum device independent of the specific arXiv:1809.03452v1 [quant-ph] 10 Sep 2018 hardware implementation. ∗[email protected] 1 Contents 1 Introduction3 1.1 Intended Audience . .4 1.2 Outline of Document . .4 1.3 Outside of the Scope . .5 1.4 Interface Language and Schemas . .5 2 Qiskit API5 2.1 General Overview of a Qiskit Experiment . .7 2.2 Provider . .8 2.3 Backend . -
Quantum Computing: Principles and Applications
Journal of International Technology and Information Management Volume 29 Issue 2 Article 3 2020 Quantum Computing: Principles and Applications Yoshito Kanamori University of Alaska Anchorage, [email protected] Seong-Moo Yoo University of Alabama in Huntsville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jitim Part of the Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Computer and Systems Architecture Commons, Information Security Commons, Management Information Systems Commons, Science and Technology Studies Commons, Technology and Innovation Commons, and the Theory and Algorithms Commons Recommended Citation Kanamori, Yoshito and Yoo, Seong-Moo (2020) "Quantum Computing: Principles and Applications," Journal of International Technology and Information Management: Vol. 29 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/jitim/vol29/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International Technology and Information Management by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of International Technology and Information Management Volume 29, Number 2 2020 Quantum Computing: Principles and Applications Yoshito Kanamori (University of Alaska Anchorage) Seong-Moo Yoo (University of Alabama in Huntsville) ABSTRACT The development of quantum computers over the past few years is one of the most significant advancements in the history of quantum computing. D-Wave quantum computer has been available for more than eight years. IBM has made its quantum computer accessible via its cloud service. Also, Microsoft, Google, Intel, and NASA have been heavily investing in the development of quantum computers and their applications. -
Qubit Coupled Cluster Singles and Doubles Variational Quantum Eigensolver Ansatz for Electronic Structure Calculations
Quantum Science and Technology PAPER Qubit coupled cluster singles and doubles variational quantum eigensolver ansatz for electronic structure calculations To cite this article: Rongxin Xia and Sabre Kais 2020 Quantum Sci. Technol. 6 015001 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 128.210.107.25 on 20/10/2020 at 12:02 Quantum Sci. Technol. 6 (2021) 015001 https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/abbc74 PAPER Qubit coupled cluster singles and doubles variational quantum RECEIVED 27 July 2020 eigensolver ansatz for electronic structure calculations REVISED 14 September 2020 Rongxin Xia and Sabre Kais∗ ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue 29 September 2020 University, West Lafayette, United States of America ∗ PUBLISHED Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. 20 October 2020 E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: variational quantum eigensolver, electronic structure calculations, unitary coupled cluster singles and doubles excitations Abstract Variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) for electronic structure calculations is believed to be one major potential application of near term quantum computing. Among all proposed VQE algorithms, the unitary coupled cluster singles and doubles excitations (UCCSD) VQE ansatz has achieved high accuracy and received a lot of research interest. However, the UCCSD VQE based on fermionic excitations needs extra terms for the parity when using Jordan–Wigner transformation. Here we introduce a new VQE ansatz based on the particle preserving exchange gate to achieve qubit excitations. The proposed VQE ansatz has gate complexity up-bounded to O(n4)for all-to-all connectivity where n is the number of qubits of the Hamiltonian. -
Arxiv:1812.09167V1 [Quant-Ph] 21 Dec 2018 It with the Tex Typesetting System Being a Prime Example
Open source software in quantum computing Mark Fingerhutha,1, 2 Tomáš Babej,1 and Peter Wittek3, 4, 5, 6 1ProteinQure Inc., Toronto, Canada 2University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 3Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada 4Creative Destruction Lab, Toronto, Canada 5Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada 6Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Canada Open source software is becoming crucial in the design and testing of quantum algorithms. Many of the tools are backed by major commercial vendors with the goal to make it easier to develop quantum software: this mirrors how well-funded open machine learning frameworks enabled the development of complex models and their execution on equally complex hardware. We review a wide range of open source software for quantum computing, covering all stages of the quantum toolchain from quantum hardware interfaces through quantum compilers to implementations of quantum algorithms, as well as all quantum computing paradigms, including quantum annealing, and discrete and continuous-variable gate-model quantum computing. The evaluation of each project covers characteristics such as documentation, licence, the choice of programming language, compliance with norms of software engineering, and the culture of the project. We find that while the diversity of projects is mesmerizing, only a few attract external developers and even many commercially backed frameworks have shortcomings in software engineering. Based on these observations, we highlight the best practices that could foster a more active community around quantum computing software that welcomes newcomers to the field, but also ensures high-quality, well-documented code. INTRODUCTION Source code has been developed and shared among enthusiasts since the early 1950s. -
Building Your Quantum Capability
Building your quantum capability The case for joining an “ecosystem” IBM Institute for Business Value 2 Building your quantum capability A quantum collaboration Quantum computing has the potential to solve difficult business problems that classical computers cannot. Within five years, analysts estimate that 20 percent of organizations will be budgeting for quantum computing projects and, within a decade, quantum computing may be a USD15 billion industry.1,2 To place your organization in the vanguard of change, you may need to consider joining a quantum computing ecosystem now. The reality is that quantum computing ecosystems are already taking shape, with members focused on how to solve targeted scientific and business problems. Joining the right quantum ecosystem today could give your organization a competitive advantage tomorrow. Building your quantum capability 3 The quantum landscape Quantum computing is gathering momentum. By joining a burgeoning quantum computing Today, major tech companies are backing ecosystem, your organization can get a head What is quantum computing? sizeable R&D programs, venture capital funding start today. Unlike “classical” computers, has grown to at least $300 million, dozens of quantum computers can represent a superposition of multiple states at startups have been founded, quantum A quantum ecosystem brings together business the same time. This characteristic is conferences and research papers are climbing, experts with specialists from industry, expected to provide more efficient research, academia, engineering, physics and students from 1,500 schools have used quantum solutions for certain complex business software development/coding across the computing online, and governments, including and scientific problems, such as drug China and the European Union, have announced quantum stack to develop quantum solutions and materials development, logistics billion-dollar investment programs.3,4,5 that solve business and science problems that and artificial intelligence. -
Arxiv:2103.11307V1 [Quant-Ph] 21 Mar 2021
QuClassi: A Hybrid Deep Neural Network Architecture based on Quantum State Fidelity Samuel A. Stein1,4, Betis Baheri2, Daniel Chen3, Ying Mao1, Qiang Guan2, Ang Li4, Shuai Xu3, and Caiwen Ding5 1 Computer and Information Science Department, Fordham University, {sstein17, ymao41}@fordham.edu 2 Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, {bbaheri, qguan}@kent.edu 3 Computer and Data Sciences Department,Case Western Reserve University, {txc461, sxx214}@case.edu 4 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Email: {samuel.stein, ang.li}@pnnl.gov 5 University of Connecticut, Email: [email protected] Abstract increasing size of data sets raises the discussion on the future of DL and its limitations [42]. In the past decade, remarkable progress has been achieved in In parallel with the breakthrough of DL in the past years, deep learning related systems and applications. In the post remarkable progress has been achieved in the field of quan- Moore’s Law era, however, the limit of semiconductor fab- tum computing. In 2019, Google demonstrated Quantum rication technology along with the increasing data size have Supremacy using a 53-qubit quantum computer, where it spent slowed down the development of learning algorithms. In par- 200 seconds to complete a random sampling task that would allel, the fast development of quantum computing has pushed cost 10,000 years on the largest classical computer [5]. Dur- it to the new ear. Google illustrates quantum supremacy by ing this time, quantum computing has become increasingly completing a specific task (random sampling problem), in 200 available to the public. IBM Q Experience, launched in 2016, seconds, which is impracticable for the largest classical com- offers quantum developers to experience the state-of-the-art puters. -
Off-The-Shelf Components for Quantum Programming and Testing
Off-the-shelf Components for Quantum Programming and Testing Cláudio Gomesa, Daniel Fortunatoc, João Paulo Fernandesa and Rui Abreub aCISUC — Departamento de Engenharia Informática da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal bFaculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Portugal cInstituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal Abstract In this position paper, we argue that readily available components are much needed as central contribu- tions towards not only enlarging the community of quantum computer programmers, but also in order to increase their efficiency and effectiveness. We describe the work we intend to do towards providing such components, namely by developing and making available libraries of quantum algorithms and data structures, and libraries for testing quantum programs. We finally argue that Quantum Computer Programming is such an effervescent area that synchronization efforts and combined strategies within the community are demanded to shorten the time frame until quantum advantage is observed and can be explored in practice. Keywords Quantum Computing, Software Engineering, Reusable Components 1. Introduction There is a large body of compelling evidence that Computation as we have known and used for decades is under challenge. As new models for computation emerge, its limits are being pushed beyond what pragmatically had been seen in practice. In this line, Quantum Computing (QC) has received renewed worldwide attention. Having its foundations been thoroughly studied, mainly from the point of view of its physical implementation, their potential has, even if preliminarily, is currently being witnessed. A quantum computer can potentially solve various problems that a classical computer cannot solve efficiently; this is known as Quantum Supremacy. -
Resource-Efficient Quantum Computing By
Resource-Efficient Quantum Computing by Breaking Abstractions Fred Chong Seymour Goodman Professor Department of Computer Science University of Chicago Lead PI, the EPiQC Project, an NSF Expedition in Computing NSF 1730449/1730082/1729369/1832377/1730088 NSF Phy-1818914/OMA-2016136 DOE DE-SC0020289/0020331/QNEXT With Ken Brown, Ike Chuang, Diana Franklin, Danielle Harlow, Aram Harrow, Andrew Houck, John Reppy, David Schuster, Peter Shor Why Quantum Computing? n Fundamentally change what is computable q The only means to potentially scale computation exponentially with the number of devices n Solve currently intractable problems in chemistry, simulation, and optimization q Could lead to new nanoscale materials, better photovoltaics, better nitrogen fixation, and more n A new industry and scaling curve to accelerate key applications q Not a full replacement for Moore’s Law, but perhaps helps in key domains n Lead to more insights in classical computing q Previous insights in chemistry, physics and cryptography q Challenge classical algorithms to compete w/ quantum algorithms 2 NISQ Now is a privileged time in the history of science and technology, as we are witnessing the opening of the NISQ era (where NISQ = noisy intermediate-scale quantum). – John Preskill, Caltech IBM IonQ Google 53 superconductor qubits 79 atomic ion qubits 53 supercond qubits (11 controllable) Quantum computing is at the cusp of a revolution Every qubit doubles computational power Exponential growth in qubits … led to quantum supremacy with 53 qubits vs. Seconds Days Double exponential growth! 4 The Gap between Algorithms and Hardware The Gap between Algorithms and Hardware The Gap between Algorithms and Hardware The EPiQC Goal Develop algorithms, software, and hardware in concert to close the gap between algorithms and devices by 100-1000X, accelerating QC by 10-20 years. -
Introduction to Quantum Programming
Introduction to Quantum Programming Jaros law Miszczak IITiS PAN April 27, 2018 QIPLSIGML|Machine Learning meets Quantum Computation Introduction to Quantum Programming 1/40 Our goals Quantum programming Manipulation of quantum gates Programming QRAM High-level programming What next? Q? Introduction to Quantum Programming 2/40 I Introduce various approaches to quantum programming. I Write some code. Our goals I Understand the difference between quantum and classical programming. Introduction to Quantum Programming 3/40 I Write some code. Our goals I Understand the difference between quantum and classical programming. I Introduce various approaches to quantum programming. Introduction to Quantum Programming 3/40 Our goals I Understand the difference between quantum and classical programming. I Introduce various approaches to quantum programming. I Write some code. Introduction to Quantum Programming 3/40 Our goals I Understand the difference between quantum and classical programming. I Introduce various approaches to quantum programming. I Write some code. ( Talk is cheap. Show me the quantum code.) ≡ Introduction to Quantum Programming 3/40 Quantum programming Introduction to Quantum Programming 4/40 Quantum programming What is quantum programming? Quantum programming is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable quantum computer programs. Introduction to Quantum Programming 5/40 I The process of preparing programs for a quantum computer is especially attractive because it not only can be economically and scientifically rewarding, it can also be an aesthetic experience much like composing poetry or music. I Only the modern quantum computer has made quantum programming both challenging and relevant. Quantum programming What is quantum programming? I The only way to learn a new quantum programming language is by writing programs in it. -
High Energy Physics Quantum Information Science Awards Abstracts
High Energy Physics Quantum Information Science Awards Abstracts Towards Directional Detection of WIMP Dark Matter using Spectroscopy of Quantum Defects in Diamond Ronald Walsworth, David Phillips, and Alexander Sushkov Challenges and Opportunities in Noise‐Aware Implementations of Quantum Field Theories on Near‐Term Quantum Computing Hardware Raphael Pooser, Patrick Dreher, and Lex Kemper Quantum Sensors for Wide Band Axion Dark Matter Detection Peter S Barry, Andrew Sonnenschein, Clarence Chang, Jiansong Gao, Steve Kuhlmann, Noah Kurinsky, and Joel Ullom The Dark Matter Radio‐: A Quantum‐Enhanced Dark Matter Search Kent Irwin and Peter Graham Quantum Sensors for Light-field Dark Matter Searches Kent Irwin, Peter Graham, Alexander Sushkov, Dmitry Budke, and Derek Kimball The Geometry and Flow of Quantum Information: From Quantum Gravity to Quantum Technology Raphael Bousso1, Ehud Altman1, Ning Bao1, Patrick Hayden, Christopher Monroe, Yasunori Nomura1, Xiao‐Liang Qi, Monika Schleier‐Smith, Brian Swingle3, Norman Yao1, and Michael Zaletel Algebraic Approach Towards Quantum Information in Quantum Field Theory and Holography Daniel Harlow, Aram Harrow and Hong Liu Interplay of Quantum Information, Thermodynamics, and Gravity in the Early Universe Nishant Agarwal, Adolfo del Campo, Archana Kamal, and Sarah Shandera Quantum Computing for Neutrino‐nucleus Dynamics Joseph Carlson, Rajan Gupta, Andy C.N. Li, Gabriel Perdue, and Alessandro Roggero Quantum‐Enhanced Metrology with Trapped Ions for Fundamental Physics Salman Habib, Kaifeng Cui1, -
Introduction to Quantum Computing and Its Applications to Cyber Security
Introduction to Quantum Computing and its Applications to Cyber Security Raj Jain Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, MO 63130 [email protected] These slides and audio/video recordings of this class lecture are at: http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse570-19/ Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/ ©2019 Raj Jain 19-1 Overview 1. What is a Quantum and Quantum Bit? 2. Matrix Algebra Review 3. Quantum Gates: Not, And, or, Nand 4. Applications of Quantum Computing 5. Quantum Hardware and Programming Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/ ©2019 Raj Jain 19-2 What is a Quantum? Quantization: Analog to digital conversion Quantum = Smallest discrete unit Quantum Wave Theory: Light is a wave. It has a frequency, phase, amplitude Quantum Mechanics: Light behaves like discrete packets of energy that can be absorbed and released Wave Photon = One quantum of light energy Photon Photons can move an electron from one energy level to next higher level Photons are released when an electron moves from one level to lower energy level Electrons Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/ ©2019 Raj Jain 19-3 Probabilistic Behavior Young’s Double-Slit Experiment 1801 Photons The two waves exiting the slits interfere. Interference is constructive at some spots and destructive at others ⇒ Probabilistic Washington University in St. Louis http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/ ©2019 Raj Jain 19-4 Quantum Bits 1. Computing bit is a binary scalar: 0 or 1 10 or 2. Quantum bit (Qubit) is a 2×1 vector: 01 3. -
Towards a Quantum Programming Language
The final version of this paper appeared in Math. Struct. in Comp. Science 14(4):527-586, 2004 Towards a Quantum Programming Language P E T E R S E L I N G E R y Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada Email: [email protected] Received 13 Nov 2002, revised 7 Jul 2003 We propose the design of a programming language for quantum computing. Traditionally, quantum algorithms are frequently expressed at the hardware level, for instance in terms of the quantum circuit model or quantum Turing machines. These approaches do not encourage structured programming or abstractions such as data types. In this paper, we describe the syntax and semantics of a simple quantum programming language with high-level features such as loops, recursive procedures, and structured data types. The language is functional in nature, statically typed, free of run-time errors, and it has an interesting denotational semantics in terms of complete partial orders of superoperators. 1. Introduction Quantum computation is traditionally studied at the hardware level: either in terms of gates and circuits, or in terms of quantum Turing machines. The former viewpoint emphasizes data flow and neglects control flow; indeed, control mechanisms are usually dealt with at the meta-level, as a set of instructions on how to construct a parameterized family of quantum circuits. On the other hand, quantum Turing machines can express both data flow and control flow, but in a sense that is sometimes considered too general to be a suitable foundation for implementations of future quantum computers.