DOCSLIB.ORG

Cretaceous Origin of Giant Rhinoceros Beetles (Dynastini; Coleoptera) and Correlation of Their Evolution with the Pangean Breakup

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cretaceous Origin of Giant Rhinoceros Beetles (Dynastini; Coleoptera) and Correlation of Their Evolution with the Pangean Breakup Genes Genet. Syst. (2016) 91, p. 209–215Divergence times of the giant rhinoceros beetles 209 Cretaceous origin of giant rhinoceros beetles (Dynastini; Coleoptera) and correlation of their evolution with the Pangean breakup Haofei Jin1, Takahiro Yonezawa1,2*, Yang Zhong1, Hirohisa Kishino3 and Masami Hasegawa1,2 1School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, SongHu Rd. 2005, Shanghai 200438, China 2Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Midori-cho 10-3, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan 3Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (Received 8 January 2016, accepted 30 April 2016; J-STAGE Advance published date: 23 August 2016) The giant rhinoceros beetles (Dynastini, Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera) are distributed in tropical and temperate regions in Asia, America and Africa. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed that the giant rhinoceros beetles can be divided into three clades representing Asia, America and Africa. Although a correlation between their evolution and the continental drift during the Pangean breakup was suggested, there is no accurate divergence time estimation among the three clades based on molecular data. Moreover, there is a long chronological gap between the timing of the Pangean breakup (Cretaceous: 110–148 Ma) and the emergence of the oldest fossil record (Oligocene: 33 Ma). In this study, we estimated their divergence times based on molecular data, using several combinations of fossil calibration sets, and obtained robust estimates. The inter-continental divergence events among the clades were estimated to have occurred about 99 Ma (Asian clade and others) and 78 Ma (American clade and African clade), both of which are after the Pangean breakup. These estimates suggest their inter-continental divergences occurred by overseas sweepstakes dispersal, rather than by vicariances of the population caused by the Pangean breakup. Key words: Dynastinae, molecular phylogeny, time tree, fossil calibrations attempted to reconstruct their phylogenetic tree with INTRODUCTION extensive taxon sampling until recently (Rowland and The tribe Dynastini, known as the giant rhinoceros Miller, 2012). beetles, includes some of the largest species within the Rowland and Miller (2012) inferred the phylogenetic Coleoptera, which is the most species-rich order among all tree on the basis of morphological characters as well living organisms. These species show remarkable sexual as molecular data including mitochondrial and nuclear dimorphism, such as very long horns in the male’s head gene sequences. They indicated that this tribe can and pronotum that are usually absent in females (Endrödi, be divided into three subtribes, Dynastina (Dynastes, 1985). Naturalists have been attracted for centuries by Golofa, Megasoma, Augosoma), Xylotrupina (Allomyrina, such marked morphological variety and excess male orna- Xylotrupes, Trypoxylus, Xyloscaptes) and Chalcosomina mentation (Rowland and Miller, 2012). It is important to (Haploscapanes, Chalcosoma, Beckius, Eupatorus, clarify how this sexual ornamentation evolved, to gain a Pachyoryctes) (Supplementary Table S1). The first sub- better understanding of natural selection and especially tribe consists of the African clade (Augosoma) and the sexual selection. To elucidate this issue, reconstruction New World clade (Dynastes, Golofa, Megasoma). On the of a reliable phylogenetic tree is prerequisite. Never- other hand, the latter two subtribes are distributed in theless, no molecular studies of the Dynastini had been Asia and Oceania, and constitute a large clade (here- after called the Asian clade). From this categoriza- Edited by Hidenori Nishihara tion, Rowland and Miller (2012) suggested a correlation * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abbreviations: ML (maximum likelihood), Ma (mega annum), between Dynastini evolution and the Pangean breakup in OKR (oldest known record) the Early Cretaceous. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1266/ggs.16-00003 Indeed, the correlations between continental drift and 210 H. JIN et al. phylogenetic branching patterns of terrestrial animals tide substitutions among genes and codon positions. The such as Eutherian mammals (Nishihara et al., 2009; dos best partition was found by the PartitionFinder program Reis et al., 2012), Palaeognathae (ratite and tinamou: (Lanfear et al., 2012). The best partition is shown in Cooper et al., 2001; Haddrath and Baker, 2012; Yonezawa et Supplementary Table S2, and it was applied for both the al., 2017), Pleurodira (side-necked turtle: Vargas-Ramírez phylogenetic inference and the divergence time estima- et al., 2008), Anura (frogs: Bossuyt et al., 2006), Cichlidae tions under the GTR+Γ model. The phylogenetic tree (cichlid fish: Friedman et al., 2013) and Plecoptera was inferred by the maximum likelihood (ML) method (stoneflies: McCulloch et al., 2016) have been vigorously using the RAxML program ver. 8.0.20 (Stamatakis et al., argued. Some of these studies (e.g., Haddrath and Baker, 2008). The rapid bootstrap method (Stamatakis et al., 2012; dos Reis et al., 2012; Yonezawa et al., 2017) sug- 2008) was applied to evaluate the confidence of the inter- gested that biogeographical distribution patterns were not nal branches with 1000 replications. Divergence times necessarily established merely by continental drift, but were estimated by the Bayesian relaxed clock method that the overseas ‘sweepstakes dispersal route’ (Simpson, (Thorne et al., 1998) with the MCMCTREE program 1940) should be considered. A sweepstakes dispersal implemented in PAML ver. 4.7 (Yang, 2007; Inoue et al., route is “a possible route of faunal interchange which is 2010). To reduce the computational burden, the normal unlikely to be used by most animals, but which will, by approximation method was applied. The autocorrelated chance, be used by some” (Allaby, 1999). Since we focus rates model (Thorne et al., 1998) and the independent on the establishment of intercontinental distribution pat- model (Rannala and Yang, 2007) were used for the drift terns, hereafter we call them ‘overseas sweepstakes dis- model of the evolutionary rates along the branches. The persal’ as an alternative to the hypothesis that vicariance prior distributions of the root rates were set to 4 and 2.26 was caused by the Pangean breakup. for the α and β parameters of Γ distribution, respectively, In addition, no paleontological evidence supports the and the parameters of σ2 were set to 1 and 0.2. Other hypothesis that the breaking up of Pangea triggered the parameters such as the Birth and Death rate were set to speciation of the subfamily Dynastinae because their default. The condition of the MCMC was as follows: the fossil record can be traced back to after the Oligocene first 200,000 generations were discarded as burnin; then, (Krell, 2000, 2007). Therefore, reliable divergence times 20,000 trees were sampled per 200 generations. within the Dynastini based on molecular data are impor- The history of morphological character traits was tant for a better understanding of the correlation between inferred using MESQUITE ver. 3.3 (http://mesquiteproject. their evolution and geological events such as continen- org) with the maximum parsimony method on the basis of tal drift. Here, we present the first clear picture of the the 17 characters reported by Rowland and Miller (2012). time-scale of giant rhinoceros beetle evolution and its cor- relation with geological events by detailed reanalyses of Fossil calibrations Reliable fossil records of the family Rowland and Miller (2012)’s molecular and morphological Scarabaeidae (Krell, 2000, 2007) were used as calibration data. points. The age of the oldest known record (OKR) of a fossil in a particular crown group does not necessarily correspond to the exact timing of its emergence because MATERIALS AND METHODS of the incompleteness of the fossil record. Therefore, the Phylogenetic inference and divergence time estima- emergence timing of the crown group should be assumed tions Detailed procedures for tree inference and diver- between the OKR of crown taxa and the OKR of the stem gence time estimation were as follows. The nucleotide taxa (Yonezawa et al., 2007). Here we suggest the cali- sequence data published by Rowland and Miller (2012) brations of divergence times (maximum and minimum (cytochrome c oxidase II, 16S rRNA, histone III and arginine boundaries of the nodes) in the Dynastini based on this kinase) were retrieved from NCBI. Rowland and Miller idea. The first calibration is the split between the sub- (2012)’s data cover all genera among the tribe Dynastini. families Dynastinae and Melolonthinae (node 2 in Fig. In addition, the corresponding nucleotide sequences of 1). The subfamily Dynastinae (Dynastini species, Orizabus Tribolium castaneum (family Tenebrionidae) were also and Cyclocephala) is closer to the subfamily Cetoniinae included as an outgroup. The accession numbers are pre- (Cotinus mutabilis) than to the subfamily Melolonthinae sented in Supplementary Table S1. Retrieved sequences (Polyphylla decemlineata). This relationship is sup- were automatically aligned by the MAFFT program (Katoh ported by morphological (Krell, 2000) and molecular data and Standley, 2013), and carefully checked by eye. The (Rowland and Miller, 2012, this study). The reliable impact of the partition model on both tree inference and OKR of Melolonthinae (Cretomelolontha transbaikalica: divergence time estimation was discussed in detail in our Fossil 1 in Fig. 1)
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Entomology Museum, University of Nebraska State 12-2009 Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii Mary Liz Jameson Wichita State University, [email protected] Darcy E. Oishi 2Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, Honolulu, [email protected] Brett C. Ratcliffe University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Grant T. McQuate USDA-ARS-PBARC, U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers Part of the Entomology Commons Jameson, Mary Liz; Oishi, Darcy E.; Ratcliffe, Brett C.; and McQuate, Grant T., "Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii" (2009). Papers in Entomology. 147. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologypapers/147 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Museum, University of Nebraska State at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. AProcddition. HawaiianAl inv AEsiventomol scA.r SAocbs. in(2009) HAwA 41:25–30ii 25 Two Additional Invasive Scarabaeoid Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) in Hawaii Mary Liz Jameson1, Darcy E. Oishi2, Brett C. Ratcliffe3, and Grant T. McQuate4 1Wichita State University, Department of Biological Sciences, 537 Hubbard Hall, Wichita, Kansas 67260 [email protected]; 2Hawaii Department of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 South King St., Honolulu, HI 96814 [email protected]; 3University of Nebraska State Museum, Systematics Research Collections, W436 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 [email protected]; 4USDA-ARS-PBARC, U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Title of Article: Current Status of Viral Disease Spread In
    Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 31(2) 70-74 (2015) IJIE ISSN 1598-3579, http://dx.doi.org/10.7852/ijie.2015.31.2.70 Title of Article: Current status of viral disease spread in Korean horn beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) Seokhyun Lee, Hong-Geun Kim, Kwan-ho Park, Sung-hee Nam, Kyu-won Kwak and Ji-young Choi* Industrial Insect Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Korea Abstract The current market size of insect industry in Korea is estimated at 300 million dollars and more than 500 local farms are related to many insect industry. One of the strong candidates for insect industry is Korean horn beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma. Early this year, we reported a viral disease extremely fatal to A. dichotoma larvae. While we were proceeding a nationwide investigation of this disease, it was informed that similar disease symptom has been occurred occasionally during past over 10 years. The symptom can be easily confused with early stage of bacterial infection or physiological damage such as low temperature and high humidity. A peroral infection with the purified virus to healthy larvae produced a result that only 21% of larvae survived and became pupae. Although some of the survived adult beetle was deformational, many of them had no abnormal appearance and even succeeded in mating. Later, these beetles were examined if they were carrying the virus, and all except one were confirmed as live virus carrier. This implies that these beetles may fly out and spread the Received : 14 Oct 2015 disease to the nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea
    Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/morphologytaxono12haye ' / ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Volume XII PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS *, URBANA, ILLINOIS I EDITORIAL COMMITTEE John Theodore Buchholz Fred Wilbur Tanner Charles Zeleny, Chairman S70.S~ XLL '• / IL cop TABLE OF CONTENTS Nos. Pages 1. Morphological Studies of the Genus Cercospora. By Wilhelm Gerhard Solheim 1 2. Morphology, Taxonomy, and Biology of Larval Scarabaeoidea. By William Patrick Hayes 85 3. Sawflies of the Sub-family Dolerinae of America North of Mexico. By Herbert H. Ross 205 4. A Study of Fresh-water Plankton Communities. By Samuel Eddy 321 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS ILLINOIS BIOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS Vol. XII April, 1929 No. 2 Editorial Committee Stephen Alfred Forbes Fred Wilbur Tanner Henry Baldwin Ward Published by the University of Illinois under the auspices of the graduate school Distributed June 18. 1930 MORPHOLOGY, TAXONOMY, AND BIOLOGY OF LARVAL SCARABAEOIDEA WITH FIFTEEN PLATES BY WILLIAM PATRICK HAYES Associate Professor of Entomology in the University of Illinois Contribution No. 137 from the Entomological Laboratories of the University of Illinois . T U .V- TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Introduction Q Economic importance Historical review 11 Taxonomic literature 12 Biological and ecological literature Materials and methods 1%i Acknowledgments Morphology ]* 1 ' The head and its appendages Antennae. 18 Clypeus and labrum ™ 22 EpipharynxEpipharyru Mandibles. Maxillae 37 Hypopharynx <w Labium 40 Thorax and abdomen 40 Segmentation « 41 Setation Radula 41 42 Legs £ Spiracles 43 Anal orifice 44 Organs of stridulation 47 Postembryonic development and biology of the Scarabaeidae Eggs f*' Oviposition preferences 48 Description and length of egg stage 48 Egg burster and hatching Larval development Molting 50 Postembryonic changes ^4 54 Food habits 58 Relative abundance.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
    Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 61 (2017) 354–358 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE Entomologia A Journal on Insect Diversity and Evolution www.rbentomologia.com Systematics, Morphology and Biogeography Description of the third instar larva of Saccharoscaptus laminifer (Dechambre) (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) Miguel Ángel Morón Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico a a b s t r a c t r t i c l e i n f o Article history: The larva of pentodontine S. laminifer is described for first time based on specimens collected under Received 4 April 2017 roots of sugarcane in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Diagnostic structures are illustrated and the differences and Accepted 17 July 2017 similarities with other previously described larvae of South American genera of Pentodontini are outlined. Available online 29 July 2017 A key to the larvae of some American genera of pentodontines is included. Associate Editor: Adriana Marvaldi © 2017 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Keywords: Morphology Taxonomy Biology White grubs Sugarcane Introduction Material and methods In the Americas, the tribe Pentodontini includes 32 genera and The classification of families of Scarabaeoidea used in the 151 species that occur from southern Canada to Argentina, with present paper was proposed by Endrödi (1966) and updated by four genera and nine species in the West Indies (Endrödi, 1969, Morón (2010) and Cherman and Morón (2014). Terms and charac- 1985; Morón and Grossi, 2015; Ratcliffe and Cave, 2015; López- ters used in the description of larva are those of Ritcher (1966), García et al., 2016), but only the larvae of nine genera (Aphonus Morón (1987), and Morón et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Heteronychus Arator
    Heteronychus arator Scientific Name Heteronychus arator (Fabricius) Synonyms: Heteronychus arator australis Endrödi, Heteronychus indenticulatus Endrodi, Heteronychus madagassus Endrodi, Heteronychus sanctaehelenae Blanchard, Heteronychus transvaalensis Peringuey, Scarabaeus arator Fabricius Common Name(s) Black maize beetle, African black beetle, black lawn beetle, black beetle Type of Pest Beetle Figure 1. Illustration of each stage of the life Taxonomic Position cycle of the black maize beetle, showing a close up view of each stage and a Insecta, Coleoptera, Class: Order: background view showing that the eggs, Family: Scarabaeidae larvae, and pupae are all underground stages with the adults being the only stage Reason for Inclusion appearing above ground. Illustration CAPS Target: AHP Prioritized Pest List- courtesy of NSW Agriculture. http://www.ricecrc.org/Hort/ascu/zecl/zeck11 2006 – 2009 3.htm Pest Description Life stages are shown in Figures 1 and 2. 1 Eggs: White, oval, and measuring approximately 1.8 mm (approx. /16 in) long at time of oviposition. Eggs grow larger through development and become more 3 round in shape. Eggs are laid singly at a soil depth of 1 to 5 cm (approx. /8 to 2 in). Females each lay between 12 to 20 eggs total. In the field, eggs hatch after approximately 20 days. Larvae can be seen clearly with the naked eye (CABI, 2007; Matthiessen and Learmoth, 2005). Larvae: There are three larval instars. Larvae are creamy-white except for the brown head capsule and hind segments, which appear dark where the contents of the gut show through the body wall. The head capsule is smooth textured, 1 1 measuring 1.5 mm (approx.
    [Show full text]
  • Quick Guide for the Identification Of
    Quick Guide for the Identification of Maryland Scarabaeoidea Mallory Hagadorn Dr. Dana L. Price Department of Biological Sciences Salisbury University This document is a pictorial reference of Maryland Scarabaeoidea genera (and sometimes species) that was created to expedite the identification of Maryland Scarabs. Our current understanding of Maryland Scarabs comes from “An Annotated Checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Maryland” (Staines 1984). Staines reported 266 species and subspecies using literature and review of several Maryland Museums. Dr. Price and her research students are currently conducting a bioinventory of Maryland Scarabs that will be used to create a “Taxonomic Guide to the Scarabaeoidea of Maryland”. This will include dichotomous keys to family and species based on historical reports and collections from all 23 counties in Maryland. This document should be cited as: Hagadorn, M.A. and D.L. Price. 2012. Quick Guide for the Identification of Maryland Scarabaeoidea. Salisbury University. Pp. 54. Questions regarding this document should be sent to: Dr. Dana L. Price - [email protected] **All pictures within are linked to their copyright holder. Table of Contents Families of Scarabaeoidea of Maryland……………………………………... 6 Geotrupidae……………………………………………………………………. 7 Subfamily Bolboceratinae……………………………………………… 7 Genus Bolbocerosoma………………………………………… 7 Genus Eucanthus………………………………………………. 7 Subfamily Geotrupinae………………………………………………… 8 Genus Geotrupes………………………………………………. 8 Genus Odonteus...……………………………………………… 9 Glaphyridae..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Book Conference “Insects to Feed the World” | the Netherlands 14-17 May 2014
    1st International Conference 14-17 May 2014, Wageningen (Ede), The Netherlands. Insects to feed the world SUMMARY REPORT Insects to Feed the World Conference SUMMARY REPORT Document compiled by Paul Vantomme Senior Forestry Officer [email protected] Christopher Münke FAO Consultant [email protected] Insects for Food and Feed Programme Non-Wood Forest Products Programme Forestry Department FAO 00153 Rome, Italy Insects for Food and Feed: http://www.fao.org/forestry/edibleinsects/en/ and Arnold van Huis Tropical entomologist Laboratory of Entomology [email protected] Joost van Itterbeeck PhD Student Laboratory of Entomology Anouk Hakman Student Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University and Research Centre Wageningen, The Netherlands www.wageningenur.nl/ent Cover Photograph: Participants attending a Plenary session during the Conference (Photo Paul Vantomme) Table of Contents Objectives of the conference .................................................................................. III Executive summary..................................................................................................IV Summary notes from the sessions.........................................................................VI Conclusion .................................................................................................................X Recommendations ..................................................................................................XII Annex.......................................................................................................................XIII
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity-And-CC-Project-Stats
    STATS & STORIES Storytelling for Biodiversity Southeast Asia & beyond PUBLISHER ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity 3/F ERDB Building, Forestry Campus University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines www.aseanbiodiversity.org © 2014 ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity ISBN: The ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB) is ASEAN’s response to the challenge of biodiversity loss. It is an intergovernmental organization that facilitates cooperation and coordination among the ten ASEAN Member States and with regional and international organizations on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of such natural treasures. WITH SUPPORT FROM The Deutsche GesellschaftfürInternationaleZusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, is a non-profit cooperation enterprise for sustainable development and operates in more than 130 countries worldwide. Most of the activities are commissioned by the German Government. GIZ works closely with the public and private sector as well as civil societies to carry out results-oriented international cooperation. Its considerable experience with alliances in partner countries is a key factor for successful projects. Since September 2010, GIZ through the Biodiversity and Climate Change Project (BCCP), has been supporting the institutionalization of ACB’s core program on biodiversity and its nexus with climate change, contributing to an ASEAN-wide strategy. www.giz.de AUTHOR: Philipp Gassner ‘GreenChallenge Accepted - Interface expert for the strategic communication of sustainability - beyond the ivory tower’ Green: Call Philipp a resourceful, enthusiastic and conscientious interface expert with a passion for knowledge, people and the environment. Challenge: He’s dedicated to get the science of sustainability across interfaces. On his mission he combines • Content as cross-disciplinary environmental scientist with • Method from science communication, knowledge and project management, and consultancy.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 4-28-2017 The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay Jhon César Neita-Moreno Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, [email protected] Brett .C Ratcliffe University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Neita-Moreno, Jhon César and Ratcliffe, Brett .,C "The eg nus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay" (2017). Insecta Mundi. 1046. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1046 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0547 The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay Jhon César Neita-Moreno Instituto de Investigaciones de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Claustro de San Agustín, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia Brett C. Ratcliffe Systematics Research Collections University of Nebraska State Museum W-436 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, USA Date of Issue: April 28, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Jhon César Neita-Moreno and Brett C. Ratcliffe The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay Insecta Mundi 0547: 1–36 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F8317A32-DFD7-42EA-8BC6-DCB5A3659F6C Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • (2003) Catalogo De Autoridades Taxonomicas De Coleoptera
    Catálogo de Autoridades Taxonómicas de Coleoptera Referencia: Morón, M.A., P. Reyes-Castillo y C. Deloya , 2003. Catalogo de autoridad taxonómica de coleópteros mexicanos (Insecta: Coleoptera). Primera parte. Superfamilia Scarabaeoidea . Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, México. Base de datos SNIB-CONABIO, proyecto V005 . Cucujoidea Ciidae Ciinae Ciini Ceracis Mellié, 1848 Ceracis bicornis (Mellié,1848) Ceracis californicus (Casey,1884) Ceracis cucullatus (Mellié,1848) Ceracis dixiensis (Tanner,1934) Ceracis furcifer (Mellié,1848) Ceracis militaris Mellié, 1848 Ceracis multipunctatus (Mellié,1848) Ceracis nigropunctatus Lawrence, 1967 Ceracis obrieni Lawrence, 1967 Ceracis powelli Lawrence, 1967 Ceracis quadricornis Gorham, 1886 Ceracis schaefferi Dury, 1917 Ceracis similis Horn, 1894 Cis Latreille, 1976 Cis bisbidens (Gorham,1883) Cis bituberculatus Gorham, 1886 Cis bubalus Reitter, 1876 Cis castlei (Dury,1917) Cis creberrimus Mellié, 1848 Cis delicatulus (J. DuVal,9999) Cis discolor Lawrence, 1971 Cis duplex Casey, 1898 Cis fasciatus Gorham, 1885 Cis huachucae Dury, 1917 Cis m-nigrum Champion, 1913 Cis pilosus Gorham, 1883 Cis puberula Mellié, 1848 Cis setifer (Gorham,1883) Cis stereophilus Lawrence, 1971 Cis subfuscus Gorham, 1886 Cis taurus (Reitter,1878) Cis tetracentrum Gorham, 1886 Cis tricornis (Gorham,1883) Cis tristis Mellié, 1848 Cis versicolor Casey, 1898 Hadraule Thompson, 1863 Hadraule blaisdelli (Casey,1900) Orthocis Casey, 1898 Orthocis longulus Dury, 1917 Porculus Lawrence, 1987 Porculus grossus Lawrence, 1987 Strigocis
    [Show full text]
  • On the Origin and Evolutionary Diversification of Beetle Horns
    On the origin and evolutionary diversification of beetle horns Douglas J. Emlen*†, Laura Corley Lavine‡, and Ben Ewen-Campen* *Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; and ‡Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 Many scarab beetles produce rigid projections from the body called beetle horn evolution. This integration of perspectives comprises an horns. The exaggerated sizes of these structures and the stagger- important step in our attempts to elucidate the myriad ways in ing diversity of their forms have impressed biologists for centuries. which these exaggerated structures have radiated in form. It also Recent comparative studies using DNA sequence-based phylog- illustrates the more general theme of this colloquium: that ‘‘Dar- enies have begun to reconstruct the historical patterns of beetle winian’’ processes of selection, combined with subtle genetic vari- horn evolution. At the same time, developmental genetic experi- ations in basic developmental processes, can account for the origin, ments have begun to elucidate how beetle horns grow and how and the subsequent diversification of even the most extreme animal horn growth is modulated in response to environmental variables, structures. such as nutrition. We bring together these two perspectives to show that they converge on very similar conclusions regarding A Natural History of Beetles with Horns beetle evolution. Horns do not appear to be difficult structures to Beetle horns are weapons: they are used in combat between rival gain or lose, and they can diverge both dramatically and rapidly in males over access to females (9–11). These contests tend to occur form. Although much of this work is still preliminary, we use in physically restricted substrates, such as on branches or bamboo available information to propose a conceptual developmental shoots or more commonly, inside the confines of tunnels.
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) and the Separation of Dynastini and Oryctini
    Chromosome analyses challenge the taxonomic position of Augosoma centaurus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) and the separation of Dynastini and Oryctini Anne-Marie DUTRILLAUX Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205-OSEB, case postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Zissis MAMURIS University of Thessaly, Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 41221 Larissa (Greece) Bernard DUTRILLAUX Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205-OSEB, case postale 39, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Dutrillaux A.-M., Mamuris Z. & Dutrillaux B. 2013. — Chromosome analyses challenge the taxonomic position of Augosoma centaurus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) and the separation of Dynastini and Oryctini. Zoosystema 35 (4): 537-549. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2013n4a7 ABSTRACT Augosoma centaurus Fabricius, 1775 (Melolonthidae: Dynastinae), one of the largest Scarabaeoid beetles of the Ethiopian Region, is classified in the tribe Dynastini MacLeay, 1819, principally on the basis of morphological characters of the male: large frontal and pronotal horns, and enlargement of fore legs. With the exception of A. centaurus, the 62 species of this tribe belong to ten genera grouped in Oriental plus Australasian and Neotropical regions. We performed cytogenetic studies of A. centaurus and several Asian and Neotropical species of Dynastini, in addition to species belonging to other sub-families of Melolonthidae Leach, 1819 and various tribes of Dynastinae MacLeay, 1819: Oryctini Mulsant, 1842, Phileurini Burmeister, 1842, Pentodontini Mulsant, 1842 and Cyclocephalini Laporte de Castelnau, 1840. The karyotypes of most species were fairly alike, composed of 20 chromosomes, including 18 meta- or sub-metacentric autosomes, one acrocentric or sub-metacentric X-chromosome, and one punctiform Y-chromosome, as that of their presumed common ancestor.
    [Show full text]