International Conference on Fifty Years of Nuclear Power

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

International Conference on Fifty Years of Nuclear Power International Conference on Fifty Years of Nuclear Power - the Next Fifty Years 27 June – 2 July 2004 Moscow/Obninsk, Russian Federation Organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency Hosted by the Government of the Russian Federation Book of Extended Synopses IAEA-CN-114 THE SYNOPSES PRINTED IN THIS BOOK ARE LISTED IN THE ORDER OF THE PROGRAMME TIME TABLE Sunday, 27 June 2004 Wednesday, 30 June 2004 (p.m.) 12.00 Registration of Participants 14.00 Parallel Sessions A, C and D 15.00 Inaugural Session 15.00 Coffee Break 17.00 Press Conference 15.30 Parallel Sessions A, C and D 18.00 Reception 16.30 Panel D 20.00 Travel to Obninsk 17.00 Panels A and C Monday, 28 June 2004 Thursday, 1 July 2004 13.00 Registration (cont’d) 09.00 Parallel Sessions E, F and G 14.00 Plenary Session 1 10.30 Coffee Break 15.15 Coffee Break 11.00 Parallel Sessions E, F and G 15.45 Plenary Session 1 12.00 Lunch Break 17.00 Round Table 1 14.00 Parallel Sessions E, F and G 18.00 Obninsk City/IAEA Reception 15.00 Coffee Break 15.30 Parallel Sessions E, F and G Tuesday, 29 June 2004 16.30 Panel G 17.00 Panels E and F 09.00 Media Panel 18.00 Reception 10.30 Coffee Break 11.00 Plenary Session 2 Friday, 2 July 2004 12.15 Lunch Break 14.00 Plenary Session 2 09.00 Plenary Session 3 15.15 Coffee Break 10.30 Coffee Break 15.45 Plenary Session 2 11.00 Round Table 3, 17.30 Round Table 2 Concluding Remarks 12.00 Lunch Break Wednesday, 30 June 2004 14.00 Press Conference 09.00 Parallel Sessions A, B and D 10.30 Coffee Break 11.00 Parallel Sessions A, B, D and Panel B 12.00 Lunch Break 1 SUNDAY, 27 JUNE 2004 Venue: Russian Academy of Sciences 12:00 – 15.00 Registration of Participants 15.00 – 17:00 INAUGURAL SESSION 17.00 – 18.00 Press Conference 18.00 – 20.00 Reception 20.00 Departure for Obninsk MONDAY, 28 JUNE 2004 Venue: Conference Centre, Obninsk 13:00 Registration of Participants (cont’d) 14.00 – 17.00 PLENARY SESSION 1 INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES Chairpersons: Bouchard, J., France; Rumyantsev, A.Yu., Russia No of Paper Designating IAEA-CN-114/ Name Member State/ Title of paper Organization P1-1 Kochetkov, L.A. Russia World’s First Nuclear Power Plant and its role in nuclear 14.00 – 14.25 power development F-1 Rachkov, V.I. Russia The role of nuclear power in Russia’s power strategy 14.25 – 14.50 Turin, A.V. P1-4 Bouchard, J. France Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Sustainable Development: Strategies 14.50 – 15.15 for the Future 15:15 -15:45 Coffee Break P1-3 Sokolov, Y.A. IAEA The IAEA’s Role in Nuclear Energy – Past, Present and Future 15.45 – 16.10 P2-3 Maeda, H. Japan Nuclear Energy in Japan, Current Status and Future 16.10 – 16.35 P1-5 Johnson, S. USA U.S. Perspectives on Nuclear Energy 16.35 – 17.00 17:00 – 18:00 ROUND TABLE 1: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES Moderator: Bouchard, J France Members: Sokolov, Y.A. IAEA Maeda, H. Japan Chang, I. S. Korea Rep. of Kochetkov, L.A. Russia Rachkov, V.I. Russia Johnson, S. USA 18:00 Reception hosted by the City of Obninsk and IAEA 2 TUESDAY, 29 JUNE 2004 09.00 – 10.30 MEDIA PANEL on Media Perceptions of Nuclear Power Moderator: Von Randow, G. Die Zeit, Gemany Members: Kempf, H. Le Monde, France Berlinck, D. O Globo, Brazil Hong Choi, Y. The Korean Times Kirby, A. BBC, UK Charbonneau, L. Reuters News Agency, Austria 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee Break 11.00 – 17.00 PLENARY SESSION 2 History and Future of Nuclear Power Chairpersons: Cirimello, R.O., Argentina; Saraev, O.M., Russia No of Paper Designating IAEA-CN-114/ Name Member State/ Title of paper Organization P2-11 Saraev, O.M. Russia Status and Prospects of Russian Nuclear Power Programme 11.00 – 11.25 P2-5 Kakodkar, A. India Nuclear Energy in India - Retrospect and Prospects 11.25 – 11.50 P2-10 Brockman, K. IAEA IAEA Safety Standards and Future Developments 11.50 – 12.15 12.15 – 14.00 Lunch Break P2-2 Steinberg, N., Ukraine Nuclear Power of Ukraine - History, Present Status and 14.00 – 14.25 Babak, M., Prospects Bronnikov, V., Kopchinsky, G., et al P2-9 Han, P.S. Korea Rep. of. Nuclear Power in Korea, Current Status and Future 14.25 – 14.50 P2-6 Yu Zhuoping China Nuclear Power in China: Current Status and Future 14.50 – 15.15 15:15 -15:45 Coffee Break P2-4 Cirimello, R.O., Argentina Past Present and Future of Nuclear Energy and Nuclear Fuel 15.45 – 16.10 Ward, A., Cycle in Argentina Bergallo, J., Taboada, H. P2-8 Soetrisnanto, A.Y., Indonesia Status of Nuclear Energy Program in Indonesia 16.10 – 16.35 Suharno, Hastowo, H., Soentono, S. P2-7 Barré, B. France The Nuclear Reactors from a "Natural History" Perspective 16.35 – 17.00 P2-12 Marchese, C. J. UK UK Nuclear History and Thoughts about the Future 17.00 – 17.25 3 17.30 – 18.30 ROUND TABLE 2: Lessons Learnt and Requirements for Future Nuclear Power Growth Moderator: Cirimello, O. Argentina Members: Yu Zhuoping China Barré, B. France Brockman, K. IAEA Kakodkar, A. India Soetrisnanto, A.Y. Indonesia Han, P.S. Korea Rep. of. Saraev, O.M. Russia Marchese, C.J. UK Steinberg, N. Ukraine 4 WEDNESDAY, 30 JUNE 2004 09.00 – 17.00 PARALLEL SESSION – A Operating Experience and Planned Projects Chairpersons: Dieguez, J.A.D., Brazil; Kochetkov, L.A, Russia No of Paper Designating IAEA-CN-114/ Name Member State/ Title of paper Organization A-7 Omoto, A. IAEA IAEA Perspective on Future of Nuclear Power 09.00 – 09.30 A-2 Oshkanov, N.N., Russia Operating Experience of BN-600 Fast Neutron Reactor and 09.30 – 10.00 Poplavski,V.M. BN-800 Reactor Design A-10 Guidez, J., France PHENIX: Thirty Years of Operation for Research, Reactor 10.00 – 10.30 Martin, L. Renovation Overview and Prospects 10.30 – 11.00 Coffee Break A-4 Gevorgyan, A. A. Armenia Perspectives of Nuclear Energy Further Development in 11.00 – 11.30 Armenia A-5 Dieguez, J.A.D. Brazil Nuclear Power Energy Development in Brazil - Future 11.30 – 12.00 Barroso, A.C.O. Perspectives 12:00 -14:00 Lunch Break A-1 Abagyan A.A Russia Experience gained with inspection of metal state in thermal 14.00 – 14.30 and mechanical equipment for extending operation time of power units of the first generation NPPs A-6 Holz, R. Germany 20 Years of Experience in Steam Generator Replacement 14.30 – 15.00 15:00 -15:30 Coffee Break A-9 Yan Jiapeng China Programme of Self Assessment and Corrective Actions at 15.30 – 16.00 Qinshan NPP A-3 Dragunov Yu, Russia Lead-bismuth Reactor Technology Conversion: from Nuclear 16.00 – 16.30 Toshinsky,G.I. Submarine Reactors to Power Reactors and Ways of Increasing the Investment Attractiveness of Nuclear Power Based on Fast Reactors A-8 Roche, B. France The Continuous improvement of nuclear safety and 16.30 – 17.00 competitiveness 17.00 – 18.00 PANEL – A: Operating Experience and Planned Projects Moderator: Dieguez, J.A.D. Brazil Members: Gevorgyan, A. A. Armenia Yan Jiapeng China Roche, B. France Holz, R. Germany Omoto, A. IAEA Abagyan, A.A. Russia 5 WEDNESDAY, 30 JUNE 2004 09.00 – 10.40 PARALLEL SESSION – B Non-Electricity Developments (Meeting Room 2) Chairpersons: Shukla, D.S., India; Baranaev, Yu.D., Russia No of Paper Designating IAEA-CN-114/ Name Member State/ Title of paper Organization B-2 Baranaev, Yu.D., Russia The use of pool type nuclear reactor RUTA for municipal 09.00 – 09.20 Mishanina, Yu.A., district heating and desalination of seawater Romenkov, A.A., Lisitsa, F.D. B-5 Shukla, D.S., India Advances in Nuclear Desalination in BARC, India 09.20 – 09.40 Tewari, P.K. B-1 Kostin, V.I., et al Russia The Results of Russian Nuclear Civil Ships Operation and the 09.40 – 10.00 Experience of their Specified Lifetime Extension B-4 Martins Jr, L., Brazil Optimal Design of Nuclear Desalination Multiple Effect 10.00 – 10.20 Dutra Filho, Z., Evaporation Process Plant Qassim, R.Y. B-3 Ponomarev-Stepnoy, Russia Major aspects of strategy of hydrogen-base power 10.20 – 10.40 N.N., Stolyarevsky, development with nuclear energy sources A.Ya. 10.40 – 11.00 Coffee Break 11.00 – 12.00 PANEL – B: Non-Electricity Developments Moderator: Shukla, D.S. India Members: Martins Jr, L. Brazil Baranaev, Yu.D. Russia Kostin, V.I. Russia Ponomarev-Stepnoy, N.N. Russia 12.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break 6 WEDNESDAY, 30 JUNE 2004 14.00 – 17.00 PARALLEL SESSION – C Public Communication (Meeting Room 2) Chairpersons: Bazille, F., France; Ivanov, A.P., Russia No of Paper Designating IAEA-CN-114/ Name Member State/ Title of paper Organization C-2 Bazille, F. France How to Achieve Greater Acceptance of Nuclear Industry 14.00 – 14.30 C-5 Shepherd, J. UK The Importance of International Nuclear Communications 14.30 – 15.00 15:00 -15:30 Coffee Break C-1 Prasertwigai, T. Thailand How to Present the Technical Messages to the Public 15.30 – 16.00 C-3 Sandquist, G. USA Revisiting the Nuclear Enterprise 16.00 – 16.30 C-4 Von Randow, G. Die Zeit, A newspaper is not a heat exchanger: thoughts about media 16.30 – 17.00 Germany and nuclear power 17.00 – 18.00 PANEL – C: Public Communication Moderator: Bazille, F.
Recommended publications
  • DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-3 ISSN 2313-6197 (Online) ISSN 2308-152X (Print) ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ 2017
    DOI: 10.22378/2313-6197.2017-5-3 ISSN 2313-6197 (Online) ISSN 2308-152X (Print) ЗОЛОТООРДЫНСКОЕ ОБОЗРЕНИЕ 2017. Том 5, № 3 ZOLOTOORDYNSKOE OBOZRENIE= G OLDEN H ORDE R EVIEW 2017. Vol. 5, no. 3 Научный журнал Academic Journal УЧРЕДИТЕЛЬ: FOUNDER: ГБУ «Институт истории State Institution им. Ш. Марджани Академии наук «Sh.Marjani Institute of History Республики Татарстан» of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences» Свидетельство о регистрации СМИ Certificate of registration in the mass media ПИ № ФС77–54682 от 9 июля 2013 г. ПИ № ФС77–54682 given by Roskomnadzor выдано Роскомнадзором on 9 July 2013 Журнал основан в апреле 2013 г. Journal was founded in April 2013 Выходит 4 раза в год Published 4 times a year РЕДАКЦИЯ: EDITORIAL OFFICE: 420014, г. Казань, Кремль, подъезд 5 (юрид.) 420014, Kazan, Kremlin, entrance 5 (juridical) 420111, г. Казань, ул. Батурина, 7 420111, Kazan, Baturin Str., 7 Тел./факс (843) 292 84 82 (приемная), Tel./Fax (843) 292 84 82 (reception), 292 00 19 292 00 19 Подписной индекс в каталоге Subscription index in the «Catalogue «Каталог Российской Прессы» – 31999 of the Russian Press» – 31999 ЖУРНАЛ ИНДЕКСИРУЕТСЯ В: THE JOURNAL IS INDEXED BY: Scopus Scopus Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory Российский индекс научного Russian Science Citation цитирования (РИНЦ), РГБ Index Database, RSL AcademicKeys, WorldCat AcademicKeys, WorldCat Научная электронная библиотека Scientific Electronic Open Access открытого доступа КиберЛенинка Library CyberLeninka Google Scholar, СОЦИОНЕТ Google Scholar, SOCIONET Журнал входит в Перечень российских рецензируемых научных журналов, в которых должны быть опубликованы основные научные результаты диссертаций на соискание ученых степеней доктора и кандидата наук (список научных журналов ВАК МОиН РФ) http://goldhorde.ru E-mail: [email protected] © ГБУ «Институт истории им.
    [Show full text]
  • The Progress Report on G7 Energy Sector Support for Ukraine
    The Progress Report on G7 Energy Sector Support for Ukraine Foreword The Energy Ministers of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the EU Commissioner for Energy met in Rome in May 2014. They discussed ways to strengthen collective energy security and issued the Rome Energy Security Initiative, which provided for a number of immediate actions to be taken. On the basis of this initiative, Italy compiled “Rome G7 Energy Initiative for Energy Security Implementation Report” and submitted to the Hamburg G7 Energy Ministerial Meeting in May 2015. At the Hamburg meeting in May 2015, G7 Energy Ministers discussed progress since the meeting in Rome in strengthening collective energy security and decided on a further initiative to effectively improve sustainable energy security of G7 countries and beyond, taking into account recent market developments. In the G7 Hamburg Initiative for Sustainable Energy Security, G7 Energy Ministers declared concrete joint actions with non-G7 countries to further strengthen sustainable energy security. In the G7 Elmau Summit Communiqué published in June 2015, the G7 leaders welcomed the Hamburg Initiative and announced their commitment to continue to support vulnerable countries, including Ukraine, in its efforts to reform and liberalize energy systems and aimed to further diversify its energy mix, fuels, energy sources and routes. This paper aims to report to the G7 Energy Ministers about the outcomes of support for Ukraine by G7 member countries, EU and the IEA after the “Rome G7 Energy Initiative for Energy Security Implementation Report”. Given that our support for reforming and liberalizing energy systems in most vulnerable countries including Ukraine, is one of the concrete actions described in the Hamburg G7 Initiative, this paper organizes the current state and progress of reforming Ukraine’s energy system and identifies unsolved issues.
    [Show full text]
  • Significant Incidents in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
    IAEA-TECDOC-867 Significant incidents in nuclear fuel cycle INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100, in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the INIS Clearinghouse. The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials Section International Atomic Energy aoiicy A Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 P.Ox Bo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria SIGNIFICANT INCIDENT NUCLEASN I R FUEL CYCLE FACILITIES IAEA, VIENNA, 1996 IAEA-TECDOC-867 ISSN 1011-4289 ©IAEA, 1996 Printe IAEe th AustriAn y i d b a March 1996 FOREWORD significano Tw t accidents have occurre histore th n di f nuclea yo r power, namely t Threa , e Mile Islan Chernobyld dan orden I . preveno rt t such accidents, causes were investigate actiond dan s were taken r exampleFo . , reporting systems were establishe accumulato dt disseminatd ean e information on accidents such as INES (International Nuclear Event Scale) and IRS (Incident Reporting System). Operators of nuclear power plants also established an information system to share incident information. The purpose of INES is to facilitate prompt communication between the nuclear community, the media and the public. The purpose of IRS is to analyse causes of significant incidents. Those systems serve to promote safety culture in nuclear power plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Security in the Black Sea Region: Contested Spaces
    SIPRI Policy Paper NUCLEAR SECURITY 49 IN THE BLACK SEA December 2018 REGION Contested Spaces, National Capacities and Multinational Potential vitaly fedchenko and ian anthony STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. GOVERNING BOARD Ambassador Jan Eliasson, Chair (Sweden) Dr Dewi Fortuna Anwar (Indonesia) Dr Vladimir Baranovsky (Russia) Ambassador Lakhdar Brahimi (Algeria) Espen Barth Eide (Norway) Jean-Marie Guéhenno (France) Dr Radha Kumar (India) Dr Patricia Lewis (Ireland/United Kingdom) Dr Jessica Tuchman Mathews (United States) DIRECTOR Dan Smith (United Kingdom) Signalistgatan 9 SE-169 72 Solna, Sweden Telephone: + 46 8 655 9700 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.sipri.org Nuclear Security in the Black Sea Region Contested Spaces, National Capacities and Multinational Potential SIPRI Policy Paper No. 49 vitaly fedchenko and ian anthony December 2018 © SIPRI 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of SIPRI or as expressly permitted by law. ISBN 978-91-85114-95-5 Contents Preface iv Acknowledgements v Summary vi Abbreviations viii 1. Introduction 1 2. The evolution of nuclear security in the Black Sea region 4 The circumstances facilitating nuclear security threats: materials, 4 poverty and conflicts The evolution of nuclear security assistance 5 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Ukraine Chornobyl Chronology
    Chornobyl Chronology Last update: December 2008 This annotated chronology is based on the data sources that follow each entry. Public sources often provide conflicting information on classified military programs. In some cases we are unable to resolve these discrepancies, in others we have deliberately refrained from doing so to highlight the potential influence of false or misleading information as it appeared over time. In many cases, we are unable to independently verify claims. Hence in reviewing this chronology, readers should take into account the credibility of the sources employed here. Inclusion in this chronology does not necessarily indicate that a particular development is of direct or indirect proliferation significance. Some entries provide international or domestic context for technological development and national policymaking. Moreover, some entries may refer to developments with positive consequences for nonproliferation. Nuclear Waste: 2008-1995 OVERVIEW Spent fuel is generally stored on site in cooling ponds at the nuclear power plants at which the fuel assemblies were used. Ukraine previously sent its spent fuel to Russia to be reprocessed, but this course became a contentious issue after Russia passed a law in 1992 prohibiting the import of radioactive material into Russia. This action resulted in storage crisis at Ukrainian power plants. In 6/93, however, Russia passed a new law that allows Ukrainian spent fuel to be reprocessed, but not stored, in Russia. The law does not allow the import of nuclear waste into Russia, but allows the import of Russian-origin spent fuel as long as the resulting waste is returned to the territory of the state which delivered it.
    [Show full text]
  • Compare and Contrast Major Nuclear Power Plant Disasters: Lessons Learned from the Past
    163 10th International Conference of the International Institute for Infrastructure Resilience and Reconstruction (I3R2) 20–22 May 2014 Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Compare and Contrast Major Nuclear Power Plant Disasters: Lessons Learned from the Past Sayanti Mukhopadhyay and Makarand Hastak Construction Engineering and Management, Purdue University Jessica Halligan School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University ABSTRACT The construction of nuclear power plants is a major step towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to the conventional coal-fired or oil-fired power plants. However, some of the major nuclear accidents in the past have raised questions about the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants. This paper compares and contrasts the major nuclear accidents of the past for example, the Chernobyl disaster (USSR), the Fukushima Daiichi disaster (Japan), and the Three Mile Island incident (USA). Although each of the accidents was unique, a thorough comparison found some common issues, such as faulty design of reactors and safety systems, safety rules violations, and lack of trained operators. The primary impacts mostly involved radiation hazards such as exposure to varying doses of radiation, uninhabitable neighborhoods and health problems; the levels of impact varied mostly due to different intensities of warnings and precautionary measures taken by the local governments. The research findings would serve as an important resource for the nuclear professionals to plan proper precautionary measures in order to avoid the major issues that initiated or resulted from the accidents in the past. 1. INTRODUCTION summarizes the important lessons learned from the past instances which could serve as an Nuclear power plants are one of the most complex information tool for the nuclear professionals to and sophisticated energy systems designed to plan for proper preventive measures well in produce low carbon electrical energy in contrast to advance to avoid similar accidents in future.
    [Show full text]
  • Rank (Region And/Or Country) /1000 Participants Fall Spring Real (Norm) Dolgoprudny Moscow Reg
    THE INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL TOURNAMENT OF TOWNS Location Population Number of NoP NoP NoP for calc. Town Diplomas Max Average Coeff. Rating Rank (region and/or country) /1000 participants Fall Spring real (norm) Dolgoprudny Moscow reg. 94 39 20 31 34 33 5 (5) 25,05 1,51 37,83 1 Nizhny Novgorod Sarov 94 21 11 14 9 33,75 5 (5) 21,28 1,51 32,14 2 reg. Troy Michigan (USA) 200 22 16 13 10 32,5 5 (5) 22,83 1,38 31,51 3 Kurgan Kurgan reg. 325 47 36 40 32 29,33 5 (5) 25,43 1,22 31,03 4 Yaroslavl Yaroslavl reg. 559 31 29 20 23 32 5 (5) 28,37 1 28,37 5 Novorossiysk Krasnodar terr. 262 14 6 12 13 26 5 (5) 20,67 1,3 26,87 6 Maykop Adygea 144 20 0 20 14 20 5 (5) 17,97 1,44 25,87 7 Kirov Kirov reg. 483 49 31 45 46 26 5 (5) 25,17 1,02 25,67 8 Naberezhnye Tatarstan 524 29 0 29 27 30 5 (5) 24,5 1 24,5 9 Chelny Jeju Rep. of Korea 435 14 12 6 13 26 5 (5) 22,62 1,08 24,43 10 Vologda Vologda reg. 306 26 20 16 12 21,33 5 (5) 19,4 1,24 24,06 11 Belgorod Belgorod reg. 384 19 18 7 6 25,33 5 (5) 20,87 1,15 24 12 Canberra Australia 356 30 13 23 15 26 5 (5) 20,03 1,18 23,64 13 Gwangmyeong Rep.
    [Show full text]
  • REMINISCENSES of RUSSIA Irvin R
    REMINISCENSES OF RUSSIA Irvin R. (Irv) Lindemuth June 2017 “It is easy to blow up our planet. All it takes is a button to be pressed …,” Russian school children’s song. “After so many years of very bad relations between our countries, this work is extraordinary...I wish you further success," Yuli B. Khariton, September 1993. “All of you can be sure your children and grandchildren will be proud and this is the beginning...,” Yuri Trutnev, September 1993. The words above by Yu. B. Khariton, founder of the Soviet nuclear weapons program and Chief Scientist of the All-Russian Scientific Research Center of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF) in Sarov, were spoken to a Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) team after the completion of the first joint fundamental scientific experiment conducted at VNIIEF with LANL. Trutnev, Deputy Chief Scientist of VNIIEF and a colleague of Nobel Peace Laureate Andre Sakharov, added his comments at a banquet celebrating the same experiment. Khariton was absolutely right: the budding LANL/VNIIEF collaboration was extraordinary and it was unprecedented in the nuclear age. Trutnev was absolutely right, too: it was just the beginning, and his words imply the hopes of all of those who have participated in the collaboration: that our children and grandchildren will live in a world free of the international tensions and fear of nuclear war that put a cloud over his and my generation. For the author and most, if not all, of the LANL members of the collaboration, the opportunity to participate in the collaboration was one of the highlights of their careers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nuclear Accident at Chernobyl: Immediate and Further Consequences
    The article was received on September 10, 2020, and accepted for publishing on February 13, 2021. VARIA The nuclear accident at Chernobyl: Immediate and further consequences Symeon Naoum1, Vasileios Spyropoulos1 Abstract: The accident at Chernobyl occurred in April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Soviet Union. The incident occurred during a scheduled safety test. A combination of inherent reactor design flaws and operators’ mistakes resulted in reactor’s No.4 disaster and the emission of a large quantity of radiation. The immediate actions involved the fire extinguishing, the cleanup of radioactive residues and the prevention of a new explosion. For this purpose, plenty of people worked with self-sacrifice. The people who lived nearby were removed. As far as the socio-economic impact for the Soviet Union is concerned, it was quite serious. Moreover, the environmental and human health consequences were also alarming with thyroid cancer being the most studied. Useful conclusions, especially for the safety both of reactors and nuclear power, as well as for the impact of radiation at ecosystems have been drawn. The debate about the use of nuclear power has remained open ever since. Keywords: nuclear power, thyroid cancer, RBMK reactor, radiation, radioactivity, liquidators INTRODUCTION while 28 firemen and employees finally died. The Chernobyl The Chernobyl nuclear accident occurred on 26 April 1986 in accident is considered the most damaging nuclear power the light water graphite moderated reactor No 4 at the plant accident in history. The Chernobyl and the Fukushima Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, close the town of Pripyat, in accident are the two nuclear accidents classified as a level 7 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Soviet Union, roughly (the maximum classification) on the International Nuclear 100km of the city of Kiev [1].
    [Show full text]
  • In the Shadow of Russia? Nuclear Power in Ukraine Zuzanna Nowak
    No. 96 (691 ), 3 Ju ly 201 4 © PISM Editors: Marcin Zaborowski (Editor-in-Chief) . Katarzyna Staniewska (Managing Editor) Jarosław Ćwiek-Karpowicz . Aleksandra Gawlikowska-Fyk . Artur Gradziuk . Piotr Kościński Łukasz Kulesa . Roderick Parkes . Patrycja Sasnal . Marcin Terlikowski In the Shadow of Russia? Nuclear Power in Ukraine Zuzanna Nowak While the recent discussion about Ukrainian energy dependence on Russia has focused on the question of gas, in reality the nuclear industry in Ukraine is equally sensitive and vulnerable to external pressures. Historical and technological conditions mean that Ukraine is and will continue to be forced to cooperate with Russia in the field of nuclear energy. However, Ukraine can take the initiative to move out of the shadow of Russia through the consistent implementation of their nuclear strategy and strengthening relations with Western partners. Furthermore, support for Ukraine's nuclear energy development can bring benefits to European and Polish energy security. A Problematic Relationship. The Ukrainian nuclear industry was established in the seventies as part of the Soviet nuclear programme. After the collapse of the USSR, Ukraine inherited 16 reactors, including four RMBK-1000 reactors in Chernobyl (currently closed due to structural defects), and 12 VVER reactors. After Ukraine’s declaration of independence in 1991, Ukrainian-Russian relations in the field of nuclear energy remained relatively stable. As a consequence, a further three reactors were also built under Russian licence. To this day, Ukraine remains a valuable partner for Russia, constituting the biggest external market for Russian nucear technology. Nevertheless, the gas crises of 2006 and 2009, and especially the current destabilisation of the country, have highlighted Ukraine’s excessive and problematic dependence on energy from Russia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Growth of Nuclear Power: a Detailed Investigation
    Journal of Basic and Applied Engineering Research p-ISSN: 2350-0077; e-ISSN: 2350-0255; Volume 2, Number 18; July-September, 2015, pp. 1590-1594 © Krishi Sanskriti Publications http://www.krishisanskriti.org/Publication.html The Growth of Nuclear Power: A Detailed Investigation Soumyajit Saha1, Pallab Ghosh2, Sayantan Mukherjee3, Ayan Mitra4, Diposmit Ghosh5 13rd Year BTech, Civil Engineering Undergraduate Student, University Of Engineering And Management, Jaipur, India 2,3,4,5 3rd Year BTech, Mechanical Engineering Undergraduate Student, University Of Engineering And Management, Jaipur, India Abstract—The concept of atom has existed for many centuries, Nuclear Science because of his contribution to the theory of however the enormous potential of the tiny mass has been realised atomic structure. recently. Atom have a large amount of energy which is required to hold the nuclei together. Certain isotopes of some element can be Albert Einstein developed his theory of the relationship split up and in turn they will release a part of the energy as heat. This between mass and energy one year later. The mathematical entire process is referred to as fission. The heat released in this formula referred to as E=mc2 or energy equal mass times the process can be easily used to generate electricity in power plants. speed of light squared. It took almost 35 year for someone to Uranium -235 (U-235) is one of the isotopes that can be fissioned prove Einstein’s theory. very easily. During fission, U-235 atoms absorb loose neutrons and it becomes unstable and split into light atoms called fission products. The combined mass of the fission products is less than original U- 235.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Non-Violence
    The Origins of Non-violence Tolstoy and Gandhi in Their Historical Settings Martin Green The Origins of Non-violence This book describes the world-historical forces, acting on the periphery of the modern world—in Russia in the nineteenth century—which developed the idea of nonviolence in Tolstoy and then in Gandhi. It was from Tolstoy that Gandhi first learned of this idea, but those world-historical forces acted upon and through both men. The shape of the book is a convergence, the coming together of two widely separate lives, under the stress of history. The lives of Tolstoy and Gandhi begin at widely separate points— of time, of place, of social origin, of talent and of conviction; in the course of their lives, they become, respectively, military officer and novelist, and lawyer and political organizer. They win fame in those roles; but in the last two decades of their lives, they occupy the same special space—ascetic/saint/prophet. Tolstoy and Gandhi were at first agents of modern reform, in Russia and India. But then they became rebels against it and led a profound resistance—a resistance spiritually rooted in the traditionalism of myriad peasant villages. The book’s scope and sweep are enormous. Green has made history into an absorbing myth—a compelling and moving story of importance to all scholars and readers concerned with the history of ideas. www.mkgandhi.org Page 1 The Origins of Non-violence Preface This book tells how the modern version of nonviolence—and Satyagraha, and war-resistance, and one kind of anti-imperialism, even— were in effect invented by Tolstoy and Gandhi.
    [Show full text]