Discourses and Counter
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1 2 Discourses and Counter- discourses 3 4 on Europe 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 The European Union plays an increasingly central role in global relations from 14 migration to trade to institutional financial solvency. The formation and con- 15 tinuation of these relations – their narratives and discourses – are rooted in 16 social, political, and economic historical relations emerging at the founding of 17 European states and then substantially augmented in the Post- WWII era. Any 18 rethinking of our European narratives requires a contextualized analysis of the 19 formation of hegemonic discourses. 20 The book contributes to the ongoing process of ‘rethinking’ the European 21 project, identity, and institutions, brought about by the end of the Cold War and 22 the current economic and political crisis. Starting from the principle that the 23 present European crisis goes hand in hand with the crisis of its hegemonic dis- 24 course, the aim of the volume is to rescue the complexity, the richness, the ambi- 25 guity of the discourses on Europe as opposed to the present simplification. The 26 multidisciplinary approach and the long-term perspective permit illuminating 27 scope over multiple discourses, historical periods, and different ‘languages’, 28 including that of the European institutions. 29 This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of European Union 30 politics, European integration, European History, and, more broadly, inter- 31 national relations. 32 33 Manuela Ceretta is Professor of History of Political Thought at the University 34 of Turin, Italy. She is a member of the Scientific Board of Studi Irlandesi, A 35 Journal of Irish Studies and of the Editorial Board of Storia del Pensiero 36 Politico. 37 38 Barbara Curli is Professor of Contemporary History and Global History at the 39 University of Turin, Italy. She was Jean Monnet Chair in History of European 40 Integration at the University of Calabria, Italy, Fulbright Distinguished Chair in 41 Italian and European History at Georgetown University, USA, and Editor- in- 42 chief (2011–2015) of Il Mesteire di Storico. 43 44 45 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 1 28/10/16 15:08:19 1 Critical European Studies 2 Edited by Hartmut Behr 3 University of Newcastle, UK 4 and 5 6 Yannis A. Stivachtis 7 Virginia Tech, USA 8 9 10 11 12 1 Mapping European Empire 13 Tabulae Imperii Europaei 14 Russell Foster 15 16 2 Revisiting the European Union as an Empire 17 Edited by Hartmut Behr and Ioannis A. Stivachtis 18 19 3 Unleashing Social Justice through EU Public Procurement 20 Antoinette Calleja 21 22 4 European Identity Revisited 23 New approaches and recent empirical evidence 24 Edited by Viktoria Kaina, Ireneusz P. Karolewski and Sebastian Kuhn 25 26 5 Discourses and Counter- discourses on Europe 27 From the Enlightenment to the EU 28 Edited by Manuela Ceretta and Barbara Curli 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 2 28/10/16 15:08:19 1 2 Discourses and 3 4 5 Counter- discourses 6 7 on Europe 8 9 From the Enlightenment to the EU 10 11 12 13 Edited by 14 15 Manuela Ceretta and 16 Barbara Curli 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 3 28/10/16 15:08:19 1 First published 2017 2 by Routledge 3 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 4 and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 5 6 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 7 © 2017 selection and editorial matter: Manuela Ceretta and Barbara Curli; individual chapters: the contributors 8 9 The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted 10 in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and 11 Patents Act 1988. 12 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or 13 utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in 14 any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing 15 from the publishers. 16 Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or 17 registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation 18 without intent to infringe. 19 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 20 21 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested 22 23 ISBN: 978-1-138-64072-6 (hbk) 24 ISBN: 978-1-315-63647-4 (ebk) 25 Typeset in Times New Roman by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 4 28/10/16 15:08:19 1 2 Contents 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 List of figures vii 14 List of tables viii 15 Notes on contributors ix 16 17 Introduction: rescuing Europe from its rhetoric 1 18 MANUELA CERETTA AND BARBARA CURLI 19 20 PART I 21 Thinking and regretting Europe 15 22 23 Introduction to Part I 17 24 25 1 Thinking Europe in the age of Enlightenment: Philosophes 26 and Antiphilosophes between universalism and fragmentation 19 27 PATRIzIA DELPIANO 28 29 2 Evoking Europe against the French Revolution: the 30 rhetorical tools of counter-revolutionary thinkers 35 31 MANUELA CERETTA 32 33 3 Discourses on Europe and their political value in 34 Restoration France 52 35 GIUSEPPE SCIARA 36 37 PART II 38 The burden of rhetoric: inside the European institutions 73 39 40 Introduction to Part II 75 41 42 4 A European framework for military institutions? 43 International integration and European perspectives in 44 military rhetorics after the Second World War 77 45 MARCO DI GIOvANNI 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 5 28/10/16 15:08:19 vi Contents 5 Nuclear Europe: technoscientific modernity and European 1 integration in Euratom’s early discourse 99 2 BARBARA CURLI 3 4 6 Parliamentary groups and political traditions in the debates 5 on EU institutional reform (1979–1999) 115 6 7 PAOLO CARAFFINI AND FILIPPO MARIA GIORDANO 8 9 7 The political groups of the European Parliament in the face 10 of Yugoslavia’s disintegration and the discursive framing of 11 EU foreign policy (1991–1995) 137 12 GIOvANNI FINIzIO AND UMBERTO MORELLI 13 14 15 PART III 16 Communicating Europe 165 17 18 Introduction to Part III 167 19 20 8 The alter- globalist counter- discourse in European rhetoric 21 and translation: women’s rights at the European Parliament 169 22 MARIA CRISTINA CAIMOTTO AND RACHELE RAUS 23 24 9 Europe in the media space: the construction of the EU 25 26 public sphere in Italy 189 27 MARINELLA BELLUATI AND CRISTOPHER CEPERNICH 28 29 10 ISIS’ Dabiq communicative strategies, NATO and Europe: 30 who is learning from whom? 215 31 MICHELANGELO CONOSCENTI 32 33 11 Changing perceptions of the European Union in the MENA 34 region before and after the Arab uprisings: the case of Tunisia 244 35 ROSITA DI PERI AND FEDERICA zARDO 36 37 Index 261 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 6 28/10/16 15:08:19 1 2 Figures 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 8.1 ‘Crise’ (crisis) frequency in the French version of the EP 14 reports (2004–2012). Results roughly correspond when 15 investigating the English versions for the word ‘crisis’ 174 16 9.1 The incidence of features on Europe in news programmes 194 17 9.2 Visibility barometer of the EU elections 196 18 9.3 Thematic context of the EU electoral campaign 199 19 9.4 The volume of information flow from the European parties 201 20 9.5 The volume of the communication flow from the Italian 21 parties 203 22 10.1 Distribution of node humanitarian in the corpus of the 23 Kosovo war NATO press conferences 224 24 10.2a Al- Hayat logo 229 25 10.2b Al- Jazeera logo 229 26 10.3 Network for the topic ‘Syria’ 230 27 10.4 Trend for ISIL ISIS in Google Search 231 28 10.5 Trend for ‘Military Intervention against ISIS’ in Google 29 Search 232 30 10.6 Cover of A Brief Guide to the Islamic State (2015) 233 31 10.7 Still from BBC documentary World’s Richest Terror Army 234 32 10.8 A narrative trajectory 236 33 10.9 Narrative trajectory of the Ukrainian crisis 239 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 7 28/10/16 15:08:19 1 Tables 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 9.1 Campaign issues (domestic vs European) and tonality 197 13 9.2 Politicians 197 14 9.3 Female politicians 198 15 9.4 Saliency and relevance of the European dimension in the 16 hashtags used by the parties 204 17 9.5 Types of hashtags and their use in party tweeting 207 18 10.1 Enemy as a person or a religion 220 19 10.2 Enemy as a state, city or organisation 223 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 023 00a Discourses Prelims.indd 8 28/10/16 15:08:19 1 2 Contributors 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Marinella Belluati is Assistant Professor of Media Analysis at the University of 14 Turin.