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Genus Eos:  Vicariance: Small Populations Evolve Separately Due to Lack of Gene Flow Through Geographical Boundaries

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Adam Miller Colorado State University Department of Fish Wildlife and Conservation Biology Comprised of: Blue-streaked Lory Black-winged Lory Red and Blue Lory Red Lory Buru Red Lory Blue eared Lory Violet necked Lory Obi Violet necked Lory Physical Conditions Weight: 155 grams -200 grams. Averaging about 175 grams Length: 11-13 inches. Averaging about 12 inches. Natural Conditions Range: Tanimbar Islands. Yamdena with 55% of wild population. Habitat: Forest to agricultural land. Natural forest corridors. Preference varies due to season Breeding Conditions: Status: Very common Incubation :25-27 days Young: In nest for average of 70 days Fairly Easy to breed given a true bonded pair and proper conditions Pet Conditions: Excellent pets Have demonstrated good talking ability Can become nippy Cage protective Aggressive (extreme terrible two’s) Physical Conditions: Weight: 150-180 grams. Length: 11 inches Other: Noted to have a strange must smell Natural Conditions: Range: Island of Biak. Smaller Islands of Numfor, Namim, Meos Num, and Supiori Habitat: Coastal Woodlands. Often in secondary forests. Populations estimated<5,000 More population surveys needed Breeding Conditions: Status: Not Common/rare Incubation: 25-26 days “Where Did all the Black-wings Go?” Diet: Standard Lory diet. Black-wings noted to eat considerably less. Fruits, berries, purees complimented with commercial diets. Nervous in captivity Easily disturbed Visual blocks recommended Males noted extremely aggressive towards other males Recommended not to be kept next to other Eos, especially other black wings Pet Conditions: Few notations as pets. One chick noted very tame (Brockner 1994) All specimens should be left for breeding Thanks to Chris Touchton Physical Conditions: Weight: 150-180 grams. Similar to Blue-streaks Length: 12 inches Natural Conditions: Nominate race: Critically endangered. 30-100 birds located in 1995. Updated Status???? Taulaunentsis: Talaud Islands. Karakelong and Salebabu. Endangered. Populations< 2,000 Challengeri: Nenusa islands. Thought to possibly be extinct if not critically endangered Breeding Conditions: Status: Extremely rare Incubation: 24-25 days Nominate Race: Only 2 specimens ever noted. Challengeri: never breed in captivity Taulaunentsis: Japan. South Africa. Europe. U.S. Most in Japan not used for breeding. Noted to be extremely friendly tame and “actors” (histrio) Moderate Difficulty: Easily distracted, but moderately prolific Final Note: Status Conservation: Species deserves attention from various parties “are not known to have been visited by ornithologists in this century” No scientific papers noted Nominate race wild populations status? talautensis captive populations expected to be very low Conservation Steps: Wild population surveys Trapping regulations. Educating captive breeders Reintroduction processes Community work Physical Conditions: Weight: about 150-180 grams. Average 170. Buru Red Lory smaller Length: 11 inches. Buru Red at 9-10.5 inches Natural Conditions: Range: Ambon, Saparua, and islands of Molucanas. Some considered to be various subspecies. Buru reds from Buru Breeding Conditions: Status: Red Lory extremely common. Buru less common but considered stable. Incubation: 24-25 days Young in nest: 70-80 days Diet: Standard Lory diet. Noted to take live food Housing: Suspended aviaries recommended. “L” to “shoebox” nest boxes. Avid chewers. Hardy Can be free-breeding Rogue feather pickers Extremely aggressive. Can injure mates and young. 4 month old noted to have killed other young Lory Pet Conditions: Demonstrate extreme affection Mine are in constant need of time outs Can become nippy Demonstrate strong talking ability Note Lory behavior! Not secret keepers Extreme care around other pet lories Overall a great pet. Can need constant attention and vigilance with training. Thanks to Chris Touchton Physical Conditions: Weight: 165 grams Length: 10 inches Natural Conditions: Range: Seram Thanks to Chris Touchton Habitat: Mountainous regions. Often noted about 3,900 ft. Elevation change for food sources Common in natural range. Breeding Conditions: Status: not well known/ uncommon Few pairs: South Africa and Singapore Normal Lory diet and aviary. Suspended aviaries preferred with visual blocks Noted to show interest in live food with chicks present Overall breeding information somewhat incomplete Physical Conditions: Weight: 110 grams. Obi’s at 100 grams Length: 10 inches. Obi’s at 9 inches Appearance: Extreme variation! Natural Conditions: Range: Nominate race to Western Papuan Islands. Obi’s on Obi (nothern Moluccass) Habitat: Coastal woodlands and plains. Large flocks. Both nominate and Obi’s show no interest in cultivated area. Obi’s noted to be found at somewhat higher elevations Breeding Conditions: Incubation: 24-26 days for both Young in nest: 8-9 weeks for both. Diet: Standard lory diet with supplements Housing: Suspended to walk-in aviaries. Visual blocks advised. Low notes in Europe as one of most free-breeding of lories Parents may often pluck. Otherwise hand-rearing seems rarely necessary. Both nominate and Obi’s noted to be similar in breeding style as Red lories Tend to show more defined breeding season than Reds Pet Conditions: “One gets used to varying temperaments of parrots… but to find so much variation in a 9 in bundle of mischief is quite and expereince.” (Dulcie Cook) Noted to be extremely inquisitive Make good pets Lets talking ability than Reds and Blue-streaks Time-outs necessary An overall “joy and wonderful bird to own.” Background: Noted to be close to Pseudeos, Lorius, Chalcopsitta. Streaking in head, nape, and mantle seems to be close to Chalcopsitta Held different than Lorius because tail and wing length. Chicks noted to look very similar Personally: This means little to me. Above is described as homologous and analogous characteristics. Just because something looks like another, does not mean they are related!!! Allopatric Speciation: Described by evolutionary ecologist as speciation based on geographical isolation. Vicariance in Genus Eos: Vicariance: Small populations evolve separately due to lack of gene flow through geographical boundaries. Could explain Genus Eos as a whole Founder Event: Members “find” new geographical location and evolve separately from nominate races Could explain Violet-neck vs. Obi violet neck and Red Lory vs. Buru red Lory Geographical: Paleognathe shows similarities in characters, genetics, and geography. Luckily we can apply this to Lories Separation of Gondwanaland: Broke Lory populations apart Caused adaptations to result in new species Geographical isolation results in: Genus Eos!!!! 1a. The head is completely red to dark red with no blue streaks, blue crown, ears, black, or violet. There may be black and blue lower down on wings and greater primaries. Furthermore red and blue may be found on tail feathers but none is found on head and nape region…. See 2 1b. The head is unlike the above and may exhibit blue ears, streaks, black or violet. See 3. 2a. The specimen is a more “hot” red and is about 11-12 inches in length. The red does not seem to resemble a darker maroon. Red Lory Eos bornea 2b. The specimen is smaller than the above, 9 inches, and is darker red than the above. Note: without specimens side by side a trained eye is needed. Buru Red Lory Eos bornea cyanonothus 3a. The specimen has a defined metallic blue ear. However there are no blue streaks or violet on the head. Additionally, the chest region is mostly if not completely red, there should be no strong blue banding on the breast. Furthermore black may be noted on the wings and tails, but the upper wing (near shoulder) is predominately if not completely red. The wing should contain much more red than black. Blue-eared Lory Eos semilarvata An overall wonderful Genus Most make good pets Some need immediate conservation attention Others need better captive breeding attention Overall lots of room for development in Eos Special Thanks to American Lory Society Special Thanks to: Margrethe Chris Touchton for Pictures .
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