Decolonising Archives a Publication of L’Internationale Books
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DECOLONISING ARCHIVES A PUBLICATION OF L’INTERNATIONALE BOOKS DECOLONISING ARCHIVES COVER CREDIT Footage for unfinished film about Guinean women. Labels on the reels: women at work, women at school, women in politics, women mother, farming women. INCA, Sana na N’Hada and Flora Gomes, 1979. TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 32 79 Introduction Decolonial Sensibilities: The Archives of the Commons Indigenous Research Seminar, Madrid 2015 9 and Engaging with Archives Mela Dávila and Carlos Prieto Radically in Contem porary del Campo (Museo Nacional De-Historicising the Archive. Colonial Canada Centro de Arte Reina Sofía), Decolonising Archival Memory Crystal Fraser and Zoe Todd Marisa Pérez Colina from the Supremacy (Fundación de los Comunes) of Historical Discourse 40 and Mabel Tapia Wolfgang Ernst In Search For (Red Conceptualismos del Sur) Queer Ancestors 17 Karol Radziszewski 90 Buried (and) Alive Archives of the Commons: Jeffrey Schnapp 50 Knowledge Commons, The Hump Information, and Memory 23 of Colonialism, Carlos Prieto del Campo H[gun shot]ow or The Archive as a Site c[gun shot]an I of Resistance 102 f[gun shot]orget? Rona Sela Biographies Lawrence Abu Hamdan 58 25 A Grin Another Mapping without Marker of Art and Politics. Filipa César The Archive Policies of Red Conceptualismos del Sur 73 Ana Longoni / Presenting Pasts Red Conceptualismos del Sur Andrea Stultiens L’INTERNATIONALE ONLINE – DECOLONISING ARCHIVES – 3 DECOLONISING ARCHIVES INTRODUCTION DECOLONISING ARCHIVES Decolonising Archives is a second publication in the example of coloniality as a condition outliving colo- L’Internationale Research strand of Decolonising nialism itself and continuing to discipline archives in Practices. Following Decolonising Museums, the cur- terms of access and political instrumentalisation. rent publication focuses on the archive and the ways The decolonisation of archives has a broader of recovering its political potential not only in relation meaning beyond interrogating the colonial legacy to history but, more urgently, to the present. In a simi- and existing, or even emerging, neo-colonial power lar way to museums and other traditional institutions relations. For the purpose of this publication, we of the European nation states (though their roots are have chosen to address decolonisation on two lev- of course much older), the archives have in the last els. The first level challenges the commodification of decades undergone significant changes towards the archive and attempts to manage it as capital. The higher accessibility and transparency, facilitated second level dwells in recognising that the seem- mainly through the advances of the digital technolo- ingly neutral Western criteria and classifications are gies. These changes have resulted in new challenges in fact tools for maintaining the role of an archive which offer unforeseen possibilities for democratisa- as an imperial project of domination and affirma- tion both in terms of access and knowledge produc- tion. While the former addresses mainly the issues of tion by new, often marginalised, voices. At the same ownership, accessibility and control, these also reg- time, many archives around the world inhabit a fine ulate the conditions for the latter, i.e. understanding line between the risks of neglect and decay on one the archives as sites of knowledge production and hand, and privatisation and fetishisation due to their political resistance, interpretation and challenge to rising market value on the other hand. The archival the ruling exclusive classifications. treasure hunt to satisfy the growing demand of insti- In recent years, we have witnessed the revolu- tutions in the old and new imperial centres is just one tionary redefinition of archives through digitisation L’INTERNATIONALE ONLINE – DECOLONISING ARCHIVES – 5 DECOLONISING ARCHIVES and online sharing. Digitisation and online sharing are dedicated to the critical potential of the digital. of vast amounts of archival documents can however, Wolfgang Ernst argues for the understanding of the when they are done with no reflection, easily turn archival order as an alternative to the dominance of into a pseudo-democratic end in itself, resulting in an the narrative history of the traditional nation state; overload of the material available online. Such mis- while Jeffrey Schnapp sees as the priority for digi- guided generosity can solidify rather than challenge tal humanists the design of an effective mechanism the established Western narratives when colonised to activate or sustain cultural memory, as well as the archives merely supplement and thus confirm their urgency of so-called “crisis archiving”. Lawrence primacy. Yet, if understood as a creative chance, digi- Abu Hamdan points out the biased nature of surveil- tisation can become a true decolonial tool. As navi- lance technologies that establish new hierarchies of gation and retrieval become of critical importance information as well as “noise” which is disregarded due to the abundance of digitised material, scholars for its incompatibility with the dominant narratives of within the field of digital humanities, as well as art- violence in “troubled” neighbourhoods. ists, point out new algorithms and semantic search In the following section, Ana Longoni (Red as new more welcoming guides rather than obsolete Conceptualismos del Sur), Crystal Fraser and Zoe gatekeepers. While progressive code writers will Todd, and Karol Radziszewski describe three differ- undoubtedly continue to play an indispensable role ent geo-political situations where the authors them- in making the archives more accessible and demo- selves belong to the communities they speak for. cratic, most of the decolonisation is, however, to be Ana Longoni presents the Southern Conceptualisms done on the epistemological level. It is precisely here Network’s sustained efforts to reactivate the dis- that artists play a crucial role when they engage with ruptive power and catalysing potential of the Latin archives and unearth testimonies which put the offi- American conceptual practices (which are continu- cial historical narrative into question or reframe what ously neutralised by both state violence and market is seemingly known and highlight its inner contradic- logic) as an antagonistic force within contemporary tions to resist simplifying homogenisation. cognitive capitalism. Crystal Fraser and Zoe Todd The contributions in this publication can be confront the reader with the difficulties of gaining split into four sections. The three opening texts access to the archival material connected to the L’INTERNATIONALE ONLINE – DECOLONISING ARCHIVES – 6 DECOLONISING ARCHIVES Indigenous populations guarded by the institutions In the closing section, two essays were written in of the settler state of Canada. Karol Radziszewski connection with the Archives of the Commons semi- proposes strategies for resistance against homopho- nar (Madrid, 11 and 12 December 2015) organised bia on one hand and rainbow colonisation from the by Museo Reina Sofía, Fundación de los Comunes West on the other, by revealing daring queer ances- (Commons Foundation) and Red Conceptualismos tors in Central and Eastern Europe as well as in other del Sur (Southern Conceptualisms Network). A col- “peripheries” worldwide. lective text by Mela Dávila and Carlos Prieto del The third section consists of three contribu- Campo(Museo Reina Sofía), Marisa Pérez Colina tions by decolonial advocates self-reflecting on (Fundación de los Comunes) and Mabel Tapia (Red their privileged positions with regards the mate- Conceptualismos del Sur) offers an overview of the rial they have access to. The common question for core areas touched upon during the conference Rona Sela, Filipa César and Andrea Stultiens con- such as the politics of the archives, archive econo- cerns undoing, or at least avoiding perpetuation, of mies, and techno-political devices. Carlos Prieto del the neo-colonial epistemologies. Rona Sela reflects Campo expands on this by unpacking the Museo on projects by both Israeli and Palestinian artists, Reina Sofía’s vision of the archive as “an engine for including herself as an Israeli scholar, de-masking political activation in the present”. He discusses how the ideological framing of Palestine-related archi- archives of the commons can serve as a vessel for val material in Israeli archives. The contribution by collective memory and how they can be opened up to Filipa César, based on her work with film archives the general public. from Guinea-Bissau, continuing the work begun The collective project Luta ca caba inda dis- by Chris Marker and others decades ago, points to cussed by Filipa César acknowledges that the ongoing battles for the recognition of certain mate- struggle is not over yet; similarly, this publication rials as relevant, despite continuous dismissals by is considered as the beginning of a series rather the authorities. Andrea Stultiens shares with the than a final word. Archives play a crucial role for reader her eye-opening experiences during her L’Internationale and its institutions who hope not long-term engagement with photographic legacy in only to develop progressive institutional practices Uganda leading to the HIP Uganda project. for their own archives but also to raise a discussion L’INTERNATIONALE ONLINE – DECOLONISING ARCHIVES – 7 DECOLONISING ARCHIVES beyond this first and therefore necessarily limited account. New voices overcoming the Eurocentric legacy of L’Internationale will be invited in the future to contribute