INDEX
Abuse of 6-(2-Aminopropyl)-2,2-dimethyl-5-methoxy- amphetamine, 119 2,2-dihydrofuran, 313 cocaine, 109 Aminorex, 19,20 diethylpropion, 127 Arninoxaphen, 19 ephedrine, 128 Amitryptyline, 46,184,185 high dose, 144 AMP, see Adenosine monophosphate phenmetrazine, 124 Amphetamine, 1-98,106,111-124,258,276, Acepromazine, 47 351-359 Acetylcholine (Ach), 59, 67, 68,75-76 abuse, 120-121,352 nicotine mimics, 437 activity-structure relationship, 1-39 Acetylcholinergic transmission, 59 bacteria in, 117 N-Acetyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine, behavior due to, 41-98 274 benzedrine, 112-115, 197 N-Acetylmescaline, 274-275 inhaler, 137 Acid-head, 417 chlorinated derivatives, 9-11 Acarus calamus, 234, 284 dependence, 113, 116 Acrolein, 437 dextro-, 127, 151, 175, 178, 200 Activity-structure generalizations, 257, 272 first synthesized in 1887, 111 Additives in food, 177 metabolic pathways, 351-358 Adenosine monophosphate, cyclic, 74 murders due to, 143 Adenylate cyclase, 73-74 and narcolepsy, 148 Adrenalin, 124 and obesity, 149 hypothesis, 414 production in U_S_A_ (1958-1970), 119 Adrenochrome, 363 and psychosis, paranoid, due to, 30, 113- conversion of epinephrine to, 414 119, 121, 135, 137, 139, 277 Aguacol/a, 232 and schizophrenia, 118, 130, 137,139,141, Alcohol dehydrogenase, 342 416 Alcoholics treated with LSD, 410 and sexual maladjustment, 143 Alcoholism, 410-411 sulfate, 100,114 Aldehyde dehydrogenase, 342 use, clinical, 43 Alkaloids, 259-263 Amphetarninics, 186, 197 Alkocyphenylisopropy1amine, 298-302 Anadenanthera peregrina, 231 Alkylphenylisopropylamine, 302-313 Anesthetics, 245 Amanita muscaria, 220,222,245 Anhalonidine, 263 Amfonelic acid, 49, 50,61,74 Anhalonium lewinii, 259 Amine Animals, behavioral effects biogenic (see also separate compounds), 2-12 pretreated with drugs which modify cate• cyclic, 344 cholaminergic neurotransmission pro• oxidative metabolism, 348 cesses, 44-5 8
465 466 INDEX
Anorexia nervosa, 18, 187-189 Bovet-Gatti profile procedure, 253, 278,302 Anticholinergics, 183 Box of Skinner, 71 Anticonvulsants in children, 201-203 Brew of witches, 224 Antidepressant, tricyclic see also separate 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, 316 compounds, 46, 61,78,169,181,188 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine Apomorphine, 55, 56, 75 (DOB),316-317 Aptrol,302 4-Bromo-3,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, Arbol de los brujos, 225 318 Arecoline, 59 5-Bromo-2,4-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, Arene oxide, 341 317 Arhuaca Indians 2-Bromolysergic acid diethylamide (BOL), first to use coca, 101 252 Ariocarpus, 260 p-Bromomethamphetamine, 316 As~one,234,283,284 2-Bromo-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylisopropyl• Assaultiveness, 143 amine, 317-318 Astrophylum, 260 4-Bromo-N-methylphenylisopropylamine, 315- Atarax, see Hydroxyzine 316 Atropa belladonna, 224 Bronchitis, chronic Atropine, 59 in smokers, 435 Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica, 260 Brugmansia, 225 Ayahuasca, 230 Brunfelsia, 233 plant extract, 258 Bufotenine, 231,414,415 Aztekium, 260 Button of peyote, 220 Butyrophenone, 47, 170 Banisteriopsis snuffs, 230, 245 B~biturate, 47, 244 Cactus (see also Peyote) Behavior aguacolla, 232 disorders of mentally ret~ded, 173-176 San Pedro, 232 hyperkinetic children, 148-149 Trichocereus pachanoi, 232 modification, 177 Caffeine, 109, 127, 178,244 peer and smoking, 429 Calea zacatechichi, 229 repetitious, 142 Cannabis, 220, 223 stereotyped, 9, 142, 152 Cannulation, push-pull, 67 tests in animals, 253 C~bamazapine(Tegretol), 202 therapy, 173 ~bamazepine(Tegretol), 202 Belladonna, 224 used in treatment for psychomotor epilepsy, Benadryl,169 202 Benzedrine, see Amphetamine C~boline,tricyclic, 258 Benzene ethaneamine, 352-359 C~bon monoxide, 437 Benzodiazepine,47 ~bon Benzoic acid, 358 oxidation of attached heteroatoms, 343-346 major urinary metabolite of amphetamine C~cinogen, 340, 346 in man, 358 C~cinogenesis, 4-5, 407 Benzoyl ecgonine, methyl ester of, 107 C~cinogenicity, 340 Benzphetamine, 18-20 Catatonia in mouse, 267 Benztropine, 61, 70, 78 Catecholamine, 44, 48, 58, 60, 62-73, 83, 84 4-Benzyloxy-3 ,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropyl- blocking, 76 amine, 299-300 in brain identified: dopamine,44 Betel nut, 244 epinephrine, 44 Biotransformation, oxidative, 351 norepinephrine, 44 Biperidin, 404 drugs which deplete, 48 Bleph~ospasm, 186 release, 58, 65-73, 83-84 BOL, see Bromolysergic acid diethylamide synthesis, 49-54, 62-63 (bromo-LSD) uptake, 46, 65-67 INDEX 467
Catecholaminergic receptor, 47-48 Cigarette (cont'd) transmission, 45-58 nicotine content of 130 brands, 428 Catechol-O-methyltransferase(COMT), 44,298 production in the U.S.A. (1886-1968),427 Catha edulis, 99 tramonium, 396 Cathidine, 100 Cimora, 232 Cathine, 100, 101 Coca (see also Cocaine), 99-105,109,220 Cathinine, 100 Coca-Cola (1888), 110 Catnip, 397 Cocaine, 66,80, 104-111,124,244 Central nervous system anesthetic, local, 105 and stimulant use, 129-148 clubs, 110 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 67,72,73 Freud's interest in, 107 Cerebroventricular perfusion, 68, 80 isolation from Peruvian coco leaves, 104,107 Cereus peruvian us, 261 self-administration, 18 Channa of Hottentots, 233 Coffee, 244 CheWing khat, 99 Cohoba powder of Taino Indians, 231 Chicha, 231 Coleus blumei, 228 Children C. pumila, 228 epileptic, 201-203 Color distortion, 248 anticonvulsants for, 201-203 COMT, see Catechol.Q-methyltransferase and hyperactivity, 201 Conocybe, 225 hyperactive Coriaria thymifolia, 233 and epileptic, 201 Cresol,437 and mentally retarded, 180 Cryogenine, 229 psychotic, treatments for CSF, see Cerebrospinal fluid electroshock, 168 Cults see also separate entries megavitamin,172 jurema, 230 tranquilizer, major, 172-173 peyote, 228 p-Chloramphetamine, 9,11,19,20,42,314 San Pedro, 232 p-Chlorbenzphetamine, 20 Cyclopropane ring, 28 Chlordiazepoxide, 169, 174, 183, 184, 193, Cylert (see Pemoline) 244 Cyproheptadine, 188 p-Chlormethamphetamine, 8, 315 Cytisine, 229, 234 4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, Cynsuscanarien~, 234
320 Cytochrome-P45o electron transport system, p-Chloro-Il-methylbenzylamine, 8 338 p-Chloro-N-methylphenethylamine, 8 Cytomel, 171 p-Chlorophenylalanine,58 4-Chloro-N-methylphenylisopropylamine, 315 D, see Dopamine Chlorphentermine, 19 Dj3H, see Dopamine j3-hydroxylase 4-Chlorophenylisopropylamine, 314-315 Datura, 224, 232 Chlorpromazine, 47, 63, 136, 169, 172, 174, D. suaveolens, 230 180,188,189,195,198,199,306 Deamination, oxidative, 344 in treatment for amphetamine poisoning, 141 Decarboxylase of L-amino acid, 53 Chloprothine, 174 Dehydration, 144 Cholesterol biosynthesis, 341 Demethylation of foreign compound, 345 Chromosome, 405-407 Dependency Cigar, li ttIe on stimulant, 151 nicotine content of brands, 428 without psychosis, 116 Cigarette (see also Nicotine, Smoking) Deprenyl, 29, 30 adult incidence of smoking in the U.S.A., Depression, 146, 150-151,409-410 430 and demoralization, 151 blended, 428 withdrawal, 146 industry, 427 Desfontania spinosa, 233 lettuce, 436 Desipramine, 46, 66, 80,184 468 INDEX
Detoxification via urinary excretion, 350 3,5-Dimethoxy-4(n )-propoxyphenethylamine, Dexamphetamine, 124 269 Dexedrine, 197 proscaline,269 Dexphenmet~ne,123 2,5-Dimethoxy+propylphenylisopropolamine Dextroamphetamine, see d-Amphetamine (DOPR), 310-311 N-Dialkylation, 24, 25 N,N-Dimethylmescaline, 273-274 Diazepam(Valium), 169, 181, 186, 190,244 trichocerine, 273 2,4-Dichloroamphetamine, 9 N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine, 3 Diethyldithiocarbamate, 51,53 N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, 230, 231, 258,415 Diethylpropion, 18,20,124,126-128 identical with nigerine, 231 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 61 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), 169, 182 DihydroxyphenyIaIanine (dopa), 44, 49, 55, Diphenylhydantoin(DPH), 182, 202 64,71,118,144,171 a,a-Diphenyl-2-piperidine ethanol, 17 Dihydroxypheny1serine (DOPS), 52 a,a-Diphenyl-4-piperidinemethanol, 17 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine, 8 Disability 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine, 58, 59 of learning, 196 Dilapidation of reading, 196 striking in stimulant abusers, 144 Disulfiram, 51-53 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-amylphenylisopropylamine Ditran, 396, 409 (DOAM),312-313 for treating depression, 410 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromopheny1ethylamine, DMA, see Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 271 DMPEA, see Dimethoxyphenethylamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylphenylisopropylamine DMT, see Dimethyltryptamine (DOBU),312 DOAM, see 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-amylphenyl• 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenylethylamine, isopropylamine 268-269 DOB, see 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl• escaline, 268 isopropylamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenylisopropylamine DOBU, see 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylphenyl• (DOET), 308-310 isopropylamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenethylamine, 271- DOET, see 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl• 272 isopropylamine 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methyIamphetamine (DOM), Dolichothele, 260 30,34,42,305-306,364,365,393 DOM, see 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphet- 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-methy1enedioxyamphet• amine amine,298 Dopa, see Dihydroxyphenylalanine 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphet• DOP AC, see 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid amine, 297 Dopamine, 5-8,44,45,48-59,61-78,80-85, 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl• 261,267,343,413 isopropylamine (DMMDA-2), 298, 298 Dopamine ,,-hydroxylase, 44, 63, 83, 343 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methy1enedioxyphenyl• DOPR, see 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylphenyl- isopropylamine (DMMDA), 297-298 isopropylamine 2,6-Dimethoxy-4-methylisopropylamine, 307- OOPS, see Dihydroxyphenylserine 308 Double-conscious technique, 255 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine, 270- DPH, see Diphenylhydantoin 271 Dreams, frightening, 189 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenylisopropylainine, Drug 281-282,304-307 addiction, 101 3,4-Dimethoxyphenylethylamine (DMPEA), adverse reaction due to, 389, 402-407 261,262, 267,413-414 anorexic effects, 18-26 in urine of schizophrenics, 267, 413 classification, 390 2,4-Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine(2,4- clinical effects, 390-397 DMA),280-281 culture, 247 3,4-Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, 279- metabolism, 335-387 280,304 principles of, 337-351 INDEX 469
Drug (cont'd) 4-Ethoxy-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, 300 model psychosis due to, 416-417 5-Ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxyamphetamine, 301 pharmacologically active, 261 2-Ethoxy-4 ,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropyl- psychological effect, 397-400 amine, 300-301 psychomimetic, 243-333, 389-424 4-Ethoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropyl• psychotomimetic, 30-34 amine, 300 psychotropic, 171-172, 200 5-Ethoxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenylisopropyl• and schizophrenia, 413-416 amine, 301 screening, 252-254 N-Ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, self-administration, 48 292 as stimulant, 12-18, 133-146, 179 N-Ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropyl• therapy, 183-184,407-411 amine, 292-293 treatment, 167-217 Euphorica, 245 trial, 178 heroin,245 use morphine, 245 social,417 opium, 245 therapeutic,407-411 Excitancia, 243-244 withdrawal,146-148 Exocytosis, 83 Drynimal, 122 Dysmorphogenesis, 405-407 Feeding tube, 188 Dystonia, acute, 190, 193, 194 Fenfluramine, 19,20, 22, 25, 42 FLA-63, 52, 53 Ebena, 232 "Flash," 136 ECT, see Electroconvulsive therapy "Flashbacks," 404 Eidetika, 246 Fluorescence, 288 Electroconvulsive therapy, 188, 403 Fluphenazine, 170, 188 Elemicin, 283, 288 Fly agaric, see Amanita muscaria Emepronium, 183 Food additive, 177 Emphysema in smokers, 436 Fornication, 109 Enuresis, 182-185 Freud and cocaine, 107 Enzymes, mixed-function oxidase, 350 Functions, intellectual Ephedra vulgaris, 99 and psychological effects in experiments, Ephedrine, 4,5,49,50,99,106,128-129, 397-400 244 perceptual, 398 oldest known stimulant, 128 psychomotor, 398-399 potent bronchodilator, 128 stereotyped behavior in rats, 129 Galbulimima belgraveana, 234 Epilepsy (see also Carbamazepine, Diphenyl- Gastritis in khat eaters, 100 hydantoin),201-202 Gilles de la Tour syndrome, 185-187 Epinephrine, 44 Gomortega keule, 234 Epinine, 261, 262 Gustavia poeppigiana, 232 Epoxidation, aliphatic, 341 Epoxide hydrase, 341 Ereiba leaves; 234 Haight-Ashbury, a speed-freak community, Erythrina, 234 121 Erythroxyline, 104 Hall's open field test, 253 Esanin, 304 Hallucination Escaline, 268 auditory, 221 Ethanol,244 haptic,109 Ethics, medical, 255 Hallucinatoria, 245 Ethosuximide, 202 Hallucinogen, 220, 246 recommended drug for epilepsy, petit mal, African, 223 202 enable man to fly through space, 221 2-Ethoxy-4,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, 300 in primitive societies, 220 470 INDEX
Haloperidol, 47,48, 141, 170,174, 181,186- Hyperactivity, 176-182 187,195,404 most common psychiatric disorder in U.S_ for multiple tics, 186 children, 176 Harmaline, 230, 258 stimulant drug treatment required, 178 Harmine, 230, 396 Hyperphagia, 147 Harrison Tax Act (1914), 110 Hypersomnia, 147 Heimia salidfolia, 229 Hyperthermia, 253, 406 Henbane, 224 and LSD, 406 Heroin, 245 Hypnosis, 244 Hexenkraut, 224 Hypnotica, 244 Hexobarbital, 342 5-HIAA, see 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid Ibogaine, 223 Homalomema, 234 Imipramine (Tofranil, Imavate, SK Pramine), Homomyristoylamine, 268, 269 46,149,151,169,184,185,190-194 Homopiperonylamine, 268 for hyperactive children, 149 Homovanillic acid, 61, 68, 82, 132 for school-phobic children, 192 Horas de la pastora, 227 Incontinence, urinary, 182 Hordenine, 261, 262 Indians Hormone secretion, antidiuretic Arhuaca, 101 a syndrome of inappropriate secretion, 82 Quehua, 104 Hospitan, 116 Taino, 231 Hottentots and tobacco use, 426 use of channa(or kanna), 233 Indole, 258 5-HT, see 5-Hydroxytryptamine Inebriantia, 244 5-HTP, see 5-Hydroxytryptophan Inhalation of cigarette smoke Hualhual, 234 depth in relation to age, 436 Hung-up being, 141 Insulin, 188 HVA, see Homovanillic acid Intercourse, sexual Hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic marathon, 143 carcinogenicity of, 340 Intoxication, 246 Hydrocyanic acid, 437 negative features of, 247 4-Hydroxy-d,l-amphetamine,6 peyote, see Peyote m-Hydroxyamphetamine, 5 social,244 N-Hydroxyamphetamine. 349 Iochroma, 233 p-Hydroxyamphetamine, 19,42,51,82 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, 319 6-Hydroxydopamine(6-0HD), 8, 54-56, 266, 4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine, 284 318-320 -induced lesion, 57 Ipomoea violacea, 227 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 8-12, Iprindole, 46 74,75,82,83,132 Iproniazid, 45 Hydroxylation, 2, 4 Isoelemicin, 283 aromatic, 339-341 Isotoma longiflora, 232 para-, 9, 46, 356 ring, 5, 6, 15 Jurema cukt, 230, 231 5-Hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 231 Justicia pectoralis var. stenophylla, 232 p-Hydroxynorephedrine. 51, 60, 82 5-Hydroxytryptamine, 46, 48, 49, 53, 58, 59, Kaempferia galanga, 234 68,74,75,83 Kanna of Hottentots, 233 5-Hydroxytryptaminergic transmission, 58-59 Ketamine, 395 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 49 Khat, 244 Hydroxyzine (Atarax), 169, 174, 181, 183 chewing of, 99 Hyoscyamus niger, 224 food-stimulant, 99 INDEX 471
Khat (cont'd) Melatonin, 415-416 d-norpseudoephedrine in, 100 Memory, 397 Kola, 244 Mentally retarded patient, 175-176 Kwashi,234 Mephentermine, 2, 3 Meprobamate, 169,174, 183,195, 244 Lactam, 343 Mescaline, see 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine Lagochilus inebrians, 233 Mesembryanthemum, 233 mint, 233 M_ expansum, 233 Latue,225 M_ tortuosum, 233 Latus pubi/lora, 225 Metabolite, toxic Learning disorders, 196-200 formation, 336 Lethargy, 147 Metaraminol, 5, 6, 12, 78,80 Leukotomy, 188 Methamphetamine, 2-4, 14, 15, 19,49,50,61, Lewiris classification, 243-245 62,111-124,302 Librium,169 abuse epidemic in Japan, 116-117 Liothyronine, 171 first synthesized, III Lipophilicity, 337 mental disorders continue for decades after Lithium, 171 withdrawal, 117 Liver, 337, 359 self-administration, 18 Lobelia tupa, 233 Methaqualone, 244 Lobeline, 233 Methemoglobinemia, 347 Lophophine, 269 Methionine, 413 Lophophora diffusa, (see also Peyote), feeding in large amount as a methyl donor, 228,260 413 L_ williamsii, 228, 229, 259, 260 Methoxamine, 7 Lophophorine, 263, 269 Methoxylation, 5, 7, 33 most toxic compound of peyote, 263 (The following entries are in alphabetical order, Lycoperdon marginatum, 229 but are arranged according to chemical L_ mixtecorum, 229 stru cture. ) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 32, 169, p-Methoxyamphetamine, 278 227,250-253,258,259,286,400-410, 1-( 4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane, 368 417 2-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylethyl- in alcoholics, 411 amine, 270 homologs, 254, 392 2-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, reaction, 391-392 295 in schizophrenics, 407 2-Methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropyl• symptoms, 391 amine, 295-296 2-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Mahuang, 99 31,294 Mandragora efficinarum, 224 2-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylisoprolyl• Mandrake, 224 amine, 294-295 in black magic, 224 3-Methoxy-4,5-ethylenedioxyphenylisopropyl• MAO, see Monoamine oxidase amine, 294 Maquira sclerophylla, 234 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Maraba,234 293-296, 393 Marijuana, 245 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenethyl• Masturbation, 144 amine, 269 MDA, see 3,4-Methylenedioxamphetamine 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenylisopropyl• Mecamylamine hydrochloride, 433 amine, 293-294 Mecloqualone, 244 3-Methoxytryptamine, 61,413 Megavitamin treatment for psychotic children, 4-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 172 296 472 INDEX
4-Methox y-2,3-methylenedioxyphenyliso- Monoamine oxidase, 8, 42, 45-46, 344 propylamine, 296, 297 inhibitors, 26-30,45-46, 184, 193 Methoxyphenanrlne, 7 Morning glory, 227 4-Methoxyphenylethylamine, 266-267 seeds, 404 4-Methoxyphenylisopropylamine, 278-279 Morphine, 245, 262 4-Methyamphetanrlne, see Methamphetamine MPEA, see 4-Methoxyphenylethylanrlne 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 231, MT, see a-Methyl-p-tyrosine 232,415 Mushroom 6-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyamphetamine, genera, 225 296 hallucinogenic, 225 6-Methoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyphenylisopropyl- ikons, 225 amine, 296-297 sacred,226 10-Methoxyharmalan, 415-416 Myristicin, 288-289 a-Methylation, 2, 3, 5, 15,31 Mysoline, 202 2-Methylamphetamine, 303 3-Methylphenylisopropylamine, 303 Nandrolone, 188 a-Methyldopamine, 6 Naphthalene, 339-341 Methyleugenol, 288 conversion to a-naphthol, 339 N-Methylhomopiperonylamine, 274 a-Naphthol, 339 N-Methylmescaline, 273 Narcolepsy, 112, 148 N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylisopropyl- treatment with amphetamine, 112, 148 amine, 291-292 Natema, 230 N-Methylphenethylamine, 3 Navane, 171 Methylphenidate, 16-18,49,50,52,59,61, NE, see Norepinephrine 62,73,74,106,124-126,149,151,175, NeOTtn'mondia macTostibas, 232 178,181,183,197 Neuroleptics, 47, 50 abuse, 126 Neuron, catecholaminergic, 54-58 psychosis after abuse, 126 Neurosis, obsessive, 404 self-administration, 18 Neurotransmission, catecholaminergic, 44-58 2-Methylphenylisopropylamine, 303 Neurotransmitter in brain, 60 3-Methylphenylisopropylamine, 303 Niacinanrlde, 172 4-Methylphenylisopropylamine, 302-303 Nicotine and smoking, 425-464 Methyl-a-phenyl-2-piperidine acetate, see Niemann's isolation of cocaine, 104 Methylphenidate Nigerinine,231 a-Methyl-p-tyrosine (MT), 5, 6, 49, 50, 51,54, Nightmare, 189-190 64,72,83,84,136,352-359 Nightshade, a deadly plant, 224 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 289, NIH shift, 340 292,393 Nitric oxide, 437 3,5-Methylenedioxyphenethylamine, 268 Nitrogen dioxide, 437 Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamines, 288- NM, see Normetanephrine 298 Norepinephrine (NE), 2-7,44,45, 54-56, 60- 2,3-Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine, 68,71,72,76-84,343 291 Normetanephrine (NM), 33, 61 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine, d-Norpseudoephedrine, 100 289-291 Nortriptyline, 184 Methysergide, 172, 250 N-oxidation, 347, 355 Microsome, 337 of aliphatic amine, 347 Mimosa expansum, 233 of aromatic amine, 346 M. hostilis, 230 Nut Mind-altering agent, history of, 219-241 betel,244 Mint, 227 kola,109 MMDA, see 3-Methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxy• Nutmeg, 289 amphetamine abuse of, 397 INDEX 473
Nyakwana, 232 Peyote (cont'd) intoxication, 228 Obesity, 149-150 leader, 229 treatment with amphetamine, 149 Peyotline, 263 Obregonia, 260 Phantastica, 245 O-dealkylation, oxidative, 369 Phencyclidine, 395-396,417 O-demethylatioJl, 299, 368 Phendimetrazine, 19, 20 6-0HD, see 6-Hydroxydopamine Phenelzine, 29, 193 Ololiuqui, 225, 227 Phenethylamine, 2, 14,41,45,257,259-276 sister of, 224 derivatives, 12-17,41,42,83 O-methylation, 299 methoxylated,272 Opium, 245 nitrogen-substituted,273-276 Ospolot, 203 release of norepinephrine, 3, 4, 6, 7 Overdose of drug and death directly related ring substitutions, 259-273 to it, 146 skeleton, 15 Oxazepam, 183 Pheniprazine, 29, 42, 45 Oxazolidinone, 17 Phenmetrazine, 18-20,49,50,61,64,74,83, Oxidase, mixed-function, 338, 345 106, 123-125, 127, 132, 183 Oxidation, metabolic, 338, 342-343, 346-351 discovered in, 1954, 123 Oxidative pathway, 353 rapidly replaced amphetamine as stimulant Oxygen, P 450 -activated, 339 of choice, 123 Oxytremorine, 59 self-administration, 18 Phenol,437 Panaeolus, 225 Phenomenon, visual, 398 Pancratium trianthum, 234 Phenoxybenzamine, 136 Panic reaction, acute, 402 Phentermine, 2, 14, 18,20 Paredrine, 278 ~-Phenethanolamine, 4, 5 Pargyline, 45 Phenobarbital, 182, 199,201-202 Parica, 232 for grand mal epileptic seizures in children, Parkinson's disease, 150 201 drugs for, 396 Phenol,437 Pedilanthus tithynaloides, 232 Phenothiazines (see also Chlorpromazine, Pelecyphora, 260 Fluphenazine, Thioridazine, Trifluopera• Pellotine, 260 zine), 47,169-170,180-181,186 Pemoline(Cylert), 17-18, 175, 178, 197 Phentolamine, 47, 48 Pentazocine, 342 I-Phenyl-2-aminopropane, 351, 367 Pentolinium, 433 metabolism of ring-substituted, 364-369 Pentylenetetrazol, 200 Phenylisopropylamine, 2,22,27-28,30,254, Perhedrin, 304 276-321 Pernettya, 233 derivatives with anorexic activity, 19, 21-26, Per-Vitin, 112 29 widely issued to German troops, 115 with stimulatn activity, 13-16 Peyote (see also Lophophorine), 221, 228, Phenylpropanolamine, 4, 5, 7 245,259,260,275 Phenyl-2-propanone, 356 Aztecs knew it, 228 converted to benzoic acid, 356 "buttons," 220, 226 Philopon, 116 cactus, 225 Physostigmine, 59 complex, 260 Pimozide, 47, 48,136 cult,228 Pinde, 230 dried heads, 226 Pinocytosis, reverse, 83 false, 229 Pipe of Virginia clay, 426 first description in 1651, 260 Piperidinoglycolates, 253 hallucinations, visual, 228 Piperidyl benzilate ester, 394-395 474 INDEX
Pipiltzintzintli of ancient Aztecs, 227 Psychotomimetics, 254 Pipradrol, 16-18,49,50,68, 74 definition, 243-247 Piptadenia parviflora, 233 fluorescence of, 254 P. peregrina, 231 metabolism, 351 Placebo, "active," 249 of ring-substituted, 364-369 Plants, lJook of, by Abraham Crowley in 1662, and model psychosis, 411-412 101 synonyms for the term, 246-247 Plant preparations, early use, 99-106 Psychotria viridis, 230 Preludin, 125 "Psychotropic," 243 Primadone, 202 Pteridine cofactor, 63 Prisoners, use of, in drug experiments, 251 Puffball, 229 Procaine synthesis, 108 Lycoperdon marginatum, 229 Prochlorperazine, 199 L. mixtecorum, 229 Projective test, 399 "Punding," 142 Propantheline, 183 Propanolol, 47, 48,136 Quechua Indians, 104 4-( n )-Propoxy-2 ,5-dimethoxyamphetamine, 301 Rat-proof, 284 4-( n )-Propoxy-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropyl- Reaction time, 398 amine,301 Reinforcement, secondary, 434 Proscaline, 269 Reserpine, 48, 50, 67,73,175,199 Protriptyline, 46 Response, individual Psilocin, 226, 258 variability of, 249-250 Psilocybe aztecorum, 226 Retardate, mental P. Yungensis, 226 lives in an institution, 173 Psilocybin, 226, 249, 250,393-396 Retardation, mental, mild, 196 "Psychedelic," 246 behavior disorders of, 173-176 Psychiatry for children, 167-217 psychomotor disorder, 147 "Psychodynamic," 248 Rhynchosia, 234 Psycho mimetic drugs, see Drug Ritual, social, 244 Psychoneurosis, 407-408 drinking as, 244 treated with psychotherapy, 407 Rivea corymbosa, 227 Psychopharmacology, clinical, 243 Ro 4-6861, 315 pediatric,167 in, 1937, 148 Rorschach responses, 399 started with Bradley's report in 1937, "Rush," 136-137 148 intensity is dose-related, 136 Psychosis, model of, 137-141,411-412,416- 417 S-33, 315 induced by amphetamine, 30, 113-119, Safrole, 288, 289 121, 135,137,139,141,277, Salvia divinorum (Hojas de la pastoral, 227 359 San Pedro cocaine, 109 cactus, 232 drug, 403 complex, 260 phenmetrazine, 124 cult, 232 psychomimetics, 411-412 SAR, see Structure-activity relationship prolonged, 402 Schizophrenia, 118, 126, 129, 139, 168, 170 theories, 168-173,411-412 amphetamine-induced (see also Amphetamine toxic,76[ psychosis), 416 Psychotherapy, 177,182-183,188 in animals, 43 psychedelic, 408 chemical reactions, 408-409 for recurrent nightmares, 190 chronic, 401 Psychotica, 246, 248 dopamine hypothesis for, 152 Psychotogen, endogenous drug-induced,416 concept in schizophrenia, 413-416 hypothesis of a chemical basis for, 413 conditions for, 412-413 thought disorder, 125 INDEX 475
Schizophrenia (cont'd) Structure-activity study of psychomimetic treatment, 172, 176 drugs, 248-333 with huge doses of nicotinamide, 413 Stuttering, 194-196 School phobia, 191-194 Sulthiame, 203 Scopolamine, 396 Superfusion, surface-cup, 67 Sebil,231 Supersensitivity, 130-131 Sedative, 183 dopaminergic, 130 Seizure (see also Epilepsy), 200-203 Synaptosome, 5 Self-experimentation, 255 Syndrome, psychiatric, 117 Self-stimulation, 48, 55 psychotomimetic, 247-248 Sernylan, 395 Serotonin, 8-12, 132, 252,403,415 Tabaco del diablo, 233 Serranos, 104 Tabernantheiboga, 223 Sexuality, 143-144 Taino Indians, 231 Sinicuichi, 229 Tea, 244 Skinner box, 7I khat, 100 Sleep, 147 Tegretol, 202 disorders, 189-190 Teonanacatl, 226 Smoke of cigarette, 437 Tesguino, 224 compounds contributing to health hazards, Tetrahydroharmine, 230 437 Tetrahydroisoquinolines, 261 Smoking, 425-464 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine, 287 banana skins, 397 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyphenylisopropylamine, reasons for starting, 426-444 287-288 teenage patterns, 428-430 Theine, 104 Snuff,232 4-Thiomethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropyl• cocaine, lIO amine, 320-321 Society, primitive, and hallucinogens, 220 Thioridazine(Meilaril), 170, 174, 175, 180, So/isia, 260 188, 195, 198 Soma of Northern India is Amanita muscaria, impairs learning, 198 222 Thioxanthene, 171, 174 Somnabulism, 189 Thyroid preparation, 171 Sophora secundiflora, 229 Tic, 185-187 Speed-freak, 143 haloperidol for multiple, 186 at Haight-Ashbury, 121 Time sense, 398 Spiramide,47 Tlitlitzin, 227 Squalene, 34 TMA, see Trimethoxyphenylisopropylamine Squalene-l,2-epoxide, 34 Tobacco, 244 Stenophylla, 232 control, 426 Stereotypy, 141-142 introduction into behavioral, 434 England, 426 Stimulant, 169, 175, 177-180,183,197-198 Europe, 426 attention improved by, 198 France, 426 and central nervous system, 99-165 tar, 437 clinical considerations, 179 Tolerance, 82, 83, 131-133, 250 effectiveness, 177 Tolyisopropylamine, 303 problems due to, 151-153 Toxicity psychomotor, 81-83 and carcinogenicity, 340 types, 178 physical, 144-146 uses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 340 athletic, 133-134 2,4,5-T, PEA, see 2,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethyl• medical, 148-151 amine STP,305,393 Trailing phenomenon, 404 Stramonium, 396 Tranquilizer (see also separate compounds) Stropharia, 225 major, 198-199 476 INDEX
Tranquilizer (cont'd) Tryptophan, 82, 132 minor, 169-172, 174-175, 183 metabolic pathways, 415 Tranylcypromine, 28, 29, 42,45 Tryptophan hydroxylase, 8 Trichocereus pachanoi, 232, 260 Tupa, 233 T. terschekii, 273 Tyramine,5,6,30,69,70, 261,262 Trichocerine, 273-274 Tyrosine, 44, 64, 71-73 p-Trifluoromethylamphetamine, 9 Tyrosine hydroxylase, 44, 62, 63, 71 3-(p-Trifluoromethylphenoxy)-N-methyl-3- phenylpropylamine, 12 U-14,624, 52-54 Trifluoperazine, 170, 174, 188 Users, high dose Trifluperidol, 170 of drugs usually have disturbed backgrounds, Triiodothyronine, 171 135 I-Trimethoxy-2-aminopropane, 368 Trimethoxyamphetamines, 30-34, 282, 275- V-ll1, 136 286,393 Valium, see Diazepam 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenethylamine (Mescaline), Vesicle 5, 7, 30, 229, 246, 248, 259-268, 272, mobilization of storage material, 84 275,351,363,392-393,409,417, Vilca, 231 acetylation, 362 Violence, 142-143 cactus sources, 260-261 Virginia clay pipe, 426 species listed, 261 Virola calophylla, 232 congener alkaloids, 261-263 V. elongata, 232 dose, 263-264 V. theiodora, 232 history, 259-260 metabolism, 359-364 Wake-amine, 116-117 metabolites, demethylated, 362 Witches' brew, 224 oxidation, 361 Withdrawal effects, 146-148 pathway, metabolic, 360 Wyosoccan, 224 route, 263-264 syndrome, psychopharmacological, 264-265 Xenobiotics, 335 /3-3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenoxyethylamine, 275- Xylopropamine, 304 276 /3-3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenoxy-N,N-dimethyl- V-maze, 472, 477 ethylamine, 276 Yaje, 230 Trimethoxyphenylacetaldehyde, 361 Yakee, 232 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylacetic acid, 275, 360 Yopo, 231 2,3,5-Trimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (TMA), 295-296 Z-7, 307 derivatives, 282-287 Zarontin, 202 Tryptamine, 221, 230-232, 253 Zedrine, 116 substituted, 258 Zingiberaceae, 234