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Summary of Master Theses from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia Editor: Gerd Förch CICD Series Vol.3: Summary of Master Theses from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia Oktober 2009 CICD Series Editor Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd Förch, Universität Siegen, Centre for International Capacity Development, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11 57076 Siegen E-Mail: [email protected] Printing Printing Office, Universität Siegen, Germany c This work is subjected to copyright. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any forms by any means, electronic or mechanical, recording or any infor- mation storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. ISSN: 1868-8578 CICD Series Vol.3: Summary of Master Theses from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia Preface The following volume is a result of long term cooperation between University of Siegen and Arba Minch University (AMU), which started in 1992 and which was supported by the German Government through its Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Develop- ment (BMZ). The project “Assistance to Arba Minch Water Technology Institute - AWTI” started in 1990 and ended in 2007. University of Siegen, namely the Research Institute for Water and Environment (FWU) were active partners in this long lasting project of techni- cal cooperation with Ethiopia. It needs to be acknowledged that BMZ as well sponsored the printing of this document. One of the objectives during the last phase of the project was to establish MSc programmes in water related subjects. Three programmes were started initially in water resources, ir- rigation and hydraulic engineering. Later programmes in meteorology and sanitary engi- neering were added. The programmes were handled by the School of Graduate Studies which received special support from the German side with sponsoring research projects as basis for the master degrees, establishing some essential infrastructure like hydrological networks and a PC Pool with internet connection. The following papers are summaries of the first master theses finalised under this scheme of university cooperation. They underline the good standard of post graduate education at this still young Ethiopian University, which was promoted to this status in 2005. Other results like PhD dissertations are as well going to be published in this CICD series. The international conference Lars2007 is as well documented (as Vol.1). It should be stated that with a considerable German support Arba Minch University (AMU) became one of the leading universities in the water sector in Eastern Africa. The Editor November 2009 iv CICD Series Vol.3: Summary of Master Theses from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia List of Authors Ingrid Althoff - Research Institute for Water and Environment, Water Resources Man- agement Group, University of Siegen, P. O. Box: D-57068 Siegen-Germany Tel.: +49-271-7403178, Fax: +49-271-7402921 Email: [email protected] Tilahun Derib Asfaw - Arba Minch University, Ethiopia Fikre Assefa - Arba Minch University, P.O.B. 21. Samuel Dagalo - Arba Minch University, P.O.B. 21. Arba Minch, Ethiopia Yilma Demissie - Arba Minch University, School of Graduate Studies P.O.B. 21., Arba Minch, Ethiopia Feleke Gerb - Arba Minch University, Ethiopia Tadesse Taye Meskele - Arba Minch University, School of Graduate Studies P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. E-mail: [email protected], 2 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Hydraulic Section, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001 Semu Ayalew Moges - Arba Minch University, School of Graduate Studies P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia, Tel: +251-46-8810775 Email: [email protected], [email protected] L.B. Roy - Arba Minch University, Ethiopia Eyasu Shumbulo - Arba Minch University, P.O.B. 21. Patrick Willems - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Hydraulic Section Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, BE-3001, Leuven,Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] Hayalsew Yilma - Ministry of Water Resources, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Email: [email protected] Tegenu Zerfu - Arba Minch University, School of Graduate Studies P.O.B. 21., Arba Minch, Ethiopia, Email: [email protected] Moltot Zewdie - Tel 022-1112900), Email: [email protected] Semu Ayalew (PhD), Eline Boelee (PhD) and Fentaw Abegaz(PhD) v Contents 1 Water Balance Modelling in the Southern Ethiopian Rift Valley: The Example of the Bilate River Catchment - Ingrid Altho, Gerd Förch 1 1.1 Abstract . 2 1.2 Introduction . 3 1.3 Landscape Characteristics - Area under Investigation . 4 1.4 Geology . 4 1.5 Relief . 5 1.6 Climate . 6 1.7 Soil . 8 1.8 Land Usage . 8 1.9 Basics of the Precipitation-Runoff Model . 10 1.9.1 Model Conception . 10 1.9.2 Data Base . 11 1.10 Methodology . 12 1.10.1 Soil Data . 12 1.10.2 Land Use Data . 12 1.10.3 Meteorological Data . 13 1.10.4 Hydrological Data . 14 1.11 Results . 15 1.11.1 Soil Data and Land Use . 15 1.11.2 Meteorological Data . 16 1.11.3 Results of the Model Calibration and Validation . 21 1.12 Discussion . 24 1.13 Conclusion . 27 1.14 References . 28 2 Severity - Duration - Frequency (SDF) Analysis of Drought by using Ge- ographical Information System (GIS) - Tilahun Derib Asfaw, Dr. L.B. Roy 33 2.1 Abstract . 34 vii CICD Series Vol.3: Summary of Master Theses from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia 2.2 Introduction . 34 2.3 Drought Definition and its Indices . 35 2.3.1 Palmer Drought Severity Index (The Palmer; PDSI) . 35 2.4 Analysis Procedure . 37 2.4.1 Potential Values of Input Data . 37 2.4.2 Actual Values of Input Data . 38 2.5 Water Balance Equation . 39 2.5.1 Moisture Departure, d . 39 2.5.2 Moisture Anomaly, Z . 41 2.5.3 The PDSI . 41 2.6 Data Analysis & Results . 42 2.6.1 Rainfall, P . 42 2.6.2 Mean Temperature, T . 43 2.6.3 Potential Evapotranspiration, PET . 43 2.6.4 Actual Evapotranspiration, AET . 44 2.6.5 Relation between Rainfall, Mean Temperature and PDSI Value . 44 2.6.6 Sensitivity Analysis . 44 2.6.7 Drought Parameter Evaluation . 45 2.6.8 Drought Severity . 46 2.6.9 Drought Duration . 46 2.6.10 Drought Frequency . 46 2.6.11 Severity - Duration - Frequency (SDF) values . 46 2.6.12 Predicting Drought Occurrences . 47 2.6.13 8 years Return Period Drought . 47 2.6.14 Mild Drought (MD- 8) . 47 2.6.15 Moderate Drought (MoD- 8) . 48 2.6.16 Severe Drought (SD- 8) . 49 2.6.17 Cumulative Drought (CUM- 8) . 49 2.6.18 10 years Return Period Drought . 49 2.6.19 Mild Drought (MD- 10) . 50 2.6.20 Moderate Drought (MoD- 10) . 51 2.6.21 Severe Drought (SD- 10) . 51 2.6.22 Cumulative Drought (CUM- 10) . 51 2.7 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation . 52 2.8 Recommendations . 53 2.9 References . 54 viii CICD Series Vol.3: Summary of Master Theses from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia 3 Groundwater Condition Assessment in the Arba Minch Area - Samuel Dagalo 57 3.1 Abstract . 58 3.2 Introduction . 58 3.3 Data Collection and Organisation . 61 3.4 Geological Well Logs and Interpretations . 62 3.5 Borehole Locations and Designations . 62 3.6 Aquifer Types and Parameters . 64 3.7 Water Level Measurements and Groundwater Flow Direction . 68 3.8 Groundwater Quality Conditions . 70 3.9 Groundwater Recharge Estimation from Rainfall . 72 3.10 Results and Discussion . 74 3.11 Conclusion . 75 3.12 References . 75 4 Assessment of the Impact of Limited Irrigation Development in the Blue Nile River Basin - Yilma Demissie, Semu Ayalew Moges 77 4.1 Abstract . 78 4.2 Introduction . 78 4.3 The Blue Nile River Basin . 80 4.4 Overview of the Nile Basin and its Irrigation Development . 82 4.4.1 Irrigation Potential and Utilised Extent of the Basin . 82 4.5 Sources of Data and Data Availability . 84 4.5.1 Selected Irrigation Development Coverage . 84 4.5.2 Crops and Cropping Patterns for the Projects . 85 4.5.3 Stream Flow Data . 86 4.5.4 Precipitation and Potential Evapotranspiration Data . 86 4.5.5 Reservoir Capacity and Physical Data . 88 4.5.6 WEAP Model Configuration of Irrigation Projects . 88 4.5.7 Data Organisation for the WEAP Model . 89 4.5.8 Computation of Irrigation Water Requirements . 94 4.5.9 Unmet Demands . 99 4.5.10 Discharge before and after the Project Condition . 103 4.6 Conclusion . 105 4.7 References . 106 ix CICD Series Vol.3: Summary of Master Theses from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia 5 Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Relationships for gauged and un-gauged location of Southern Nations, Nationalities Peoples Region (SNNPR) - Feleke Gerb, Semu Aylew Moges 109 5.1 Abstract . 110 5.2 Introduction . 110 5.3 The Data . 112 5.4 Procedure and Development of IDF-Curves . 113 5.4.1 Selection and Evaluation of Parent Distributions for the Rainfall Data . 113 5.4.2 Estimation of the IDF Parameters . 116 5.4.3 Construction of the IDF Curve . 118 5.5 Regional IDF Maps . 119 5.5.1 Homogenous IDF Regions . ..
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