DOCSLIB.ORG

Production and Characterization of Cut Resistant Acrylic/Copolyaramid Fibers Via Bicomponent Wet Spinning Stephen Hipp Clemson University, [email protected]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Production and Characterization of Cut Resistant Acrylic/Copolyaramid Fibers Via Bicomponent Wet Spinning Stephen Hipp Clemson University, Shipp@Clemson.Edu Clemson University TigerPrints All Dissertations Dissertations 12-2015 Production and Characterization of Cut Resistant Acrylic/Copolyaramid Fibers Via Bicomponent Wet Spinning Stephen Hipp Clemson University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations Part of the Polymer Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Hipp, Stephen, "Production and Characterization of Cut Resistant Acrylic/Copolyaramid Fibers Via Bicomponent Wet Spinning" (2015). All Dissertations. 1587. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1587 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CUT RESISTANT ACRYLIC/COPOLYARAMID FIBERS VIA BICOMPONENT WET SPINNING A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of Clemson University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Polymer and Fiber Science by Stephen James Hipp December 2015 Accepted by: Dr. Philip Brown, Committee Chair Dr. Gary Lickfield Dr. Olin Mefford Dr. Julia Sharp Abstract A composite fiber system consisting of a sheath core bicomponent polymer fiber loaded with hard ceramic particles was developed and characterized for use in cut protective clothing. The core component was comprised of a copolyaramid in order to provide high base cut resistance. An acrylic-copolyaramid polymer blend was used for the sheath component to improve processability and provide potential benefits such as dyeability. Lastly, aluminum oxide particles were incorporated into the fiber core to deflect and deform the cutting edge, further improving cut resistance. A series of designed experiments was used to explore the effects of the wet spinning and heat treatment processes on the structure and properties of the bicomponent fiber. Cut strength of the as-spun fibers was highest when the coagulation rate was slow, promoting the formation of a dense, macrovoid free fiber structure. Upon drawing, fibrillar domains developed within the fiber, further improving cut performance. Cut strength was greatly improved by the heat treatment process despite the fibers becoming highly anisotropic. Addition of the hard particle fillers to the bicomponent fibers showed a decrease in cut strength at the fiber level but nearly doubled the cut strength of resulting fabrics. Finally, the processability of the particle loaded bicomponent fibers was evaluated. ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Philip Brown, for the time and energy he has devoted to me throughout my time as a graduate student, for teaching me how to think and helping me to grow as both an individual and a scientist. Thank you to Dr. Kathryn Stevens for being there for me on a daily basis as a mentor and a friend. Special thanks to Dr. Jeff Moreland and Dr. Julia Sharp for their help and assistance throughout this work. To the faculty and staff of the School of Materials Science and Engineering, thank you all for everything you have done throughout my tenure at Clemson University. Thank you in particular to Kim Ivey and Bob Bowen for your friendship and special roles you both played in shaping my academic career. Thank you to Dr. Gary Lickfield for helping to guide my way from the moment I set foot on the Clemson campus many years ago. I would also like to express my appreciation and gratitude for all of my lab mates, past and present. In particular I would like to say thank you to Dr. Joel Barden for being my partner in crime throughout the years. Lastly I would like to thank all of my family and friends for their love and support throughout this time. iii Table of Contents Page Title Page............................................................................................................................. i Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Review of Materials Used For Shrapnel and Cut Protection ............................... 3 1.2 Classification and Production of Aramid Fibers .................................................. 5 1.3 Processing Advantages of Isotropic Copolyaramids Over PPTA ........................ 9 1.4 Development of Fiber Structure and Morphology in Wet Spinning .................. 16 1.5 Aramid Fiber Structure....................................................................................... 21 1.6 Cut Testing of Textile Materials ........................................................................ 23 1.7 Research Objectives ........................................................................................... 25 2 Experimental .............................................................................................................. 27 2.1 Materials ............................................................................................................. 27 2.2 Polymer Solution Preparation ............................................................................ 27 2.3 Fiber Processing ................................................................................................. 30 2.4 Fiber Analysis .................................................................................................... 33 2.5 Fabric Cut Strength ............................................................................................ 39 2.6 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................................. 39 3 Results and Discussion .............................................................................................. 41 3.1 Establishing Base Spinning Solutions ................................................................ 42 3.2 Designed Experiment 1: Effects of Sheath/Core Composition and Coagulation Conditions on Fiber Structure and Properties ............................................................... 48 3.3 Designed Experiment 2: Effects of Sheath/Core Compositon and Wet Draw Ratio on Fiber Structure and Properties ........................................................................ 70 iv Table of Contents (Continued) Page 3.4 Designed Experiment 3: Effects of Heat Treatment on Fiber Structure and Properties ....................................................................................................................... 86 3.5 Designed Experiment 4: Re-investigation of the effects of draw ratio during heat treatment ...................................................................................................................... 110 3.6 Effects of Aluminum Oxide Particles on Properties of Copolyaramid Fibers . 122 4 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 136 4.1 Bicomponent Fiber Wet Spinning .................................................................... 136 4.2 Fiber Morphology and Molecular Orientation ................................................. 136 4.3 Fiber Tensile Properties ................................................................................... 137 4.4 Fiber Cut Strength ............................................................................................ 138 5 Recommendations for Future Work ........................................................................ 140 Appendix A ..................................................................................................................... 143 References ....................................................................................................................... 150 v List of Figures Page Figure 1-1: Bond configurations of aromatic rings in PPTA. ............................................. 6 Figure 1-2: The dry-jet wet spinning process used in the production of PPTA fibers (adapted from Blades [21], Figure 1). ................................................................................. 7 Figure 1-3: Examples of rigid, flexible, and kinked monomers used in the synthesis of soluble copolyaramids. ....................................................................................................... 8 Figure 1-4: Fiber cross-sections available using Hills Inc. bicomponent technology [37]. ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 1-5: Schematic of the cross-section of side-by-side acrylic bicomponent fiber showing the deviation from circularity. ............................................................................ 15 Figure 1-6: Cross-section of COREBRID™ wet spun bicomponent fiber [42]. .............. 16 Figure 1-7: Ternary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Textile Industry Needs Christopher D
    The Journal of Cotton Science 21:210–219 (2017) 210 http://journal.cotton.org, © The Cotton Foundation 2017 ENGINEERING & GINNING Textile Industry Needs Christopher D. Delhom, Vikki B. Martin, and Martin K. Schreiner ABSTRACT lthough the immediate customer of the gin is Athe cotton producer, the end user of the ginned The immediate customers of cotton gins are lint is the textile mill, retailers, and eventually the the producers; however, the ultimate customers consumer. Thus, it is essential for the ginner to are textile mills and consumers. The ginner has satisfy both the producers and the textile industry. the challenging task to satisfy both producers and Consequently, the ginner needs to be aware of the the textile industry. Classing and grading systems needs of the textile industry. are intended to assign an economic value to the The intent of the cotton classing and grading bales that relates to textile mill demands and the system is to assign an economic value to the bale that quality of the end product. International textile documents its properties as it relates to the quality of mills currently are the primary consumers of U.S. the end product. Since the last edition of the Cotton cotton lint where it must compete against foreign Ginners Handbook in 1994, the customers of U.S. origins. International textile mills manufacture cotton have changed radically, shifting from primar- primarily ring-spun yarns, whereas domestic mills ily domestic to international mills. International mills manufacture predominantly rotor spun yarns. Pro- have been accustomed primarily to hand-harvested ducers and ginners must produce cottons to satisfy cotton that has been processed at slow ginning all segments of the industry, i.e., domestic and in- rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Ballistic Materials Handbook
    Ballistic materials handbook Aramids by Teijin 2 Aramids by Teijin Handbook ballistic materials 3 Teijin Aramid and ballistic protection The intensity of threatening environments for law enforcement, emergency responders and defense forces around the world is becoming higher and the people operating in these hostile environments need to take greater care than ever. This growing threat of violence has led to an increasing demand for ballistic protection. At Teijin Aramid we are dedicated to providing this protection with our high performance para-aramid fiber Twaron® and UHMWPE Endumax® film. With excellent energy absorption Index properties, tenacity and impact resistance, Twaron® and Endumax® offer effective and comfortable ballistic protection Teijin Aramid and ballistic protection 2 solutions with an outstanding cost-performance ratio. In the Twaron® ballistic yarns 4 more than 30 years that Twaron® has been available on the Twaron® ballistic fabrics 7 market, it has helped to save thousands of lives worldwide. Ballistic laminates & coated fabrics 12 Key applications for Twaron® and Endumax® include bullet/ Uni-directional laminates 17 fragment/stab/spike resistant vests, helmets and ballistic Ballistic prepregs 19 protection of vehicles, aircrafts and vessels. Cross sections 21 Endumax® Shield 22 2 Aramids by Teijin Handbook ballistic materials 3 Soft ballistic protection The threats to modern armies and law enforcement forces have multiplied, creating the need for protection from all kinds of bullets and fragments as well as stabbing with sharp objects. And these days it’s not only soldiers and policemen who are facing increased threats; prison guards, cash carriers and private individuals also need to be protected.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybrid Self-Reinforced Composite Materials Based on Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene
    materials Article Hybrid Self-Reinforced Composite Materials Based on Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Dmitry Zherebtsov 1,* , Dilyus Chukov 1 , Eugene Statnik 2 and Valerii Torokhov 1 1 Center of Composite Materials, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] (D.C.); [email protected] (V.T.) 2 Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 March 2020; Accepted: 3 April 2020; Published: 8 April 2020 Abstract: The properties of hybrid self-reinforced composite (SRC) materials based on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were studied. The hybrid materials consist of two parts: an isotropic UHMWPE layer and unidirectional SRC based on UHMWPE fibers. Hot compaction as an approach to obtaining composites allowed melting only the surface of each UHMWPE fiber. Thus, after cooling, the molten UHMWPE formed an SRC matrix and bound an isotropic UHMWPE layer and the SRC. The single-lap shear test, flexural test, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were carried out to determine the influence of hot compaction parameters on the properties of the SRC and the adhesion between the layers. The shear strength increased with increasing hot compaction temperature while the preserved fibers’ volume decreased, which was proved by the DSC analysis and a reduction in the flexural modulus of the SRC. The increase in hot compaction pressure resulted in a decrease in shear strength caused by lower remelting of the fibers’ surface. It was shown that the hot compaction approach allows combining UHMWPE products with different molecular, supramolecular, and structural features.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 1 Sources
    APPENDIX 1 SOURCES UMIST: DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILES Most of the work described in this book comes from research in the Department of Textiles, UMIST, under the direction of Professor John Hearle. It started with the purchase of a scanning electron microscope with a grant from the Science Research Council in 1967, together with five-year funding for an experimental officer and a technician. Since 1972, the staff have been supported by general UMIST funds; a second grant from SERC enabled a replacement SEM to be bought in 1979; industrial sponsors, listed below, have contributed through membership of the Fibre Fracture Research Group; special research grants have been made by the Ministry of Defence (SCRDE, Colchester, and RAE, Farnborough) and jointly by the Wool Research Organization of New Zealand (WRONZ) and the Wool Foundation (IWS); and other research programmes and contract services have contributed indirectly to our knowledge. Pat Cross was the first SEM experimental officer and she was followed in 1969 by Brenda Lomas, who retired in 1990. Trevor Jones then took on responsibility for microscopy in the Department of Textiles in addition to photography. Over the years, many staff and students have contributed to the research. Their names are given below. Some have worked wholly on fibre fracture problems. Others have used fracture studies as an incidental element in their work. PERSONNEL The following people at UMIST have contributed to the research. Academic staff J.D. Berry Aspects of fibre breakage CP. Buckley Mechanics of tensile fracture, general direction C. Carr Fabric studies W.D. Cooke Pilling in knitwear, conservation studies G.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Fibers and Fabrics; TX335 .A1 U6 NO
    KitlQRr Bureau of Standards Reference book' no' to ygjgtv |Oi Admin. Bldg. taken from the library, gmp STATES Ite.WMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLICATION A11ID3 Db3SbD All103063560 Blandford, Josephlne/FIbers and fabrics; TX335 .A1 U6 NO. 1, 1970 C.1 NBS-PUB-R 1 ^TES ‘‘•‘‘'/I'ti'i'.1'1' 1: BBB8 MB A Consumer’s Guide from the Mational Bureau of Standards NBS CIS 1 IIIIShSs Fibers and Fabrics by Josephine M. Blandford and Lois M. Gurel INFORMATION ABOUT NATURAL AND MAN-MADE FIBERS AND FABRICS TO MEET YOUR PARTICULAR NEEDS. NBS CONSUMER INFORMATION SERIES 1 Editor: James E. Payne Issued November 1970 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Maurice H. Stans, Secretary Rocco C. Siciliano, Under Secretary Myron Tribus, Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS A Consumer’s Lewis M. Branscomb, Director GUIDE FROM THE) NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, U.S. DEPARTMENT Washington, D.C. 20402. OF COMMERCE Price 65 cents. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS APR 1 0 1971 FOREWORD Technology is changing not only the products you buy, but the marketplace as well. Unfortunately, this is not an unmixed blessing. Products are constantly being improved, but designs are complicated, quality is vari¬ able, and good advice is hard to get. Modern stores and merchandising bring you a wide variety of products; but the large number of choices and the lack of dependable infor¬ mation often make shopping a confusing and frustrating experience. A generation ago the merchant was likely to be a friend of the family.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critique on Multi-Jet Electrospinning: State of the Art and Future Outlook Clothing and Fabrics Manufacture
    Nanotechnol Rev 2019; 8:236–245 Review Article Hosam El-Sayed*, Claudia Vineis, Alessio Varesano, Salwa Mowafi, Riccardo Andrea Carletto, Cinzia Tonetti, and Marwa Abou Taleb A critique on multi-jet electrospinning: State of the art and future outlook https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0022 clothing and fabrics manufacture. In 1738 Lewis Paul was Received Jan 29, 2019; accepted Jul 01, 2019 granted a patent for roller drafting spinning machinery [1]. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the ring process Abstract: This review is devoted to discuss the unique char- was fairly well perfected, and its use was becoming stan- acteristics of multi-jet electrospinning technique, com- dard throughout the world. Ring spinning is about 250% pared to other spinning techniques, and its utilization in more productive than mule spinning and is simpler and spinning of natural as well as synthetic polymers. The less expensive to operate so; the mass production arose in advantages and inadequacies of the current commercial the 18th century with the beginnings of the industrial revo- chemical spinning methods; namely wet spinning, melt lution. spinning, dry spinning, and electrospinning are discussed. Yarns are usually spun from a various materials that The unconventional applications of electrospinning in tex- could be natural fibers viz., animal and plant fibers, or syn- tile and non-textile sectors are reported. Special empha- thetic ones. sis is devoted to the theory and technology of the multi- jet electrospinning as well as its applications. The current status of multi-jet electrospining and future prospects are outlined. Using multi-jet electrospinning technique, vari- 2 Types of spinning ous polymers have been electrospun into uniform blend nanofibrous mats with good dispersibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Sockwear Recommendations for People with Diabetes
    Clinical Decision Making Sockwear Recommendations for People With Diabetes Carol B. Feldman, MSN, RN, CDE, and Ellen D. Davis, MS, RN, CDE Case Presentation A.B., a 55-year-old man who had adequate blood glucose control. His monofilament testing confirmed that been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 6 most recent HbA1c was 6.5%. foot sensation was intact. He had easi- months ago, was a new patient in the The skin on his feet was intact, ly palpable pedal pulses and no edema. foot clinic of the Durham VA without redness, and its texture was During routine discussion of foot- Medical Center. At the time of his smooth and soft. His nails were intact care precautions, he asked what kind first visit, he was taking metformin, without signs of onychomycosis. The of socks he should wear to prevent 500 mg twice a day, and maintained shape of his feet was normal, and problems. Discussion Good foot care practices are impor- physicians, podiatrists, staff nurses, Although they expressed concern that tant for people with diabetes. A large and certified diabetes educators socks should be comfortable, they percentage of diabetic patients under- (CDEs) from Duke University Medical were also likely to recommend specific go nontraumatic amputation after Center, the Durham VA Medical fabric types. Most of the nurses diabetic neuropathy renders them Center, and surrounding areas to thought people with diabetes should unable to feel festering foot injuries. explore providers’ sockwear recom- wear cotton or wool socks. But those What’s more, within 3 years of a first mendations and the reasoning behind recommending acrylic fabrics said amputation, up to half of these them.
    [Show full text]
  • Properties of PAN Fibers Solution Spun Into a Chilled Coagulation Bath at High Solvent Compositions
    Fibers 2015, 3, 560-574; doi:10.3390/fib3040560 OPEN ACCESS fibers ISSN 2079-6439 www.mdpi.com/journal/fibers Article Properties of PAN Fibers Solution Spun into a Chilled Coagulation Bath at High Solvent Compositions E. Ashley Morris *, Matthew C. Weisenberger and Gregory Wilson Rice University of Kentucky Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA; E-Mails: [email protected] (M.C.W.); [email protected] (G.W.R.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-859-257-0373; Fax: +1-859-257-0302. Academic Editor: Jonathan Phillips Received: 3 November 2015 / Accepted: 10 December 2015 / Published: 15 December 2015 Abstract: In this work, multifilament, continuous polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber tow was solution spun mimicking industrial processing at the small pilot scale (0.5 k tow), while carefully altering the composition of the coagulation bath, in order to determine the effect on the resulting fiber shape, density, orientation, and tensile properties at varying points in the spinning process. Novel here are the abnormally high coagulation bath solvent compositions investigated, which surpass those often reported in the literature. In addition, the coagulation bath was maintained at a slightly chilled temperature, contrary to reported methods to produce round fibers. Further, by altering the composition of the bath in a step-wise fashion during a single spinning run, variations in all other process parameters were minimized. We found that with increasing solvent composition in the coagulation bath, the fibers not only became round in cross section, but also became smaller in diameter, which persisted down the spin line.
    [Show full text]
  • SPINNING-PROCESS.Pdf
    SPINNING PROCESS TABLE OF CONTENT Spinning process Melt spinning Solution spinning Wet spinning Dry spinning Gel spinning Dry jet wet spinning Electrospinning SPINNING PROCESS Spinning is a manufacturing process for creating polymer fibers. It is a specialized form of extrusion that uses a spinneret to form multiple continuous filaments. There are many types of spinning: wet, dry, dry jet-wet, melt, gel, and electrospinning. First, the polymer being spun must be converted into a fluid state. If the polymer is a thermoplastic then it can be simply melted, otherwise it is dissolved in a solvent or chemically treated to form soluble or thermoplastic derivatives. The molten polymer is then forced through the spinneret, then it cools to a rubbery state, and then a solidified state. If a polymer solution is used, then the solvent is removed after being forced through the spinneret. MELT SPINNING In this process, a polymer is melted and heated to a suitable viscosity for fiber production. The melted polymer is pushed through a spinneret, which is a type of die consisting of several small holes. Each hole produces an individual fiber, and the number of holes on a spinneret defines the number of fibers in the yarn. The melted polymer fibers then passes through a cooling region and the fibers are combined to form a yarn and a spin finish is applied. The yarn is then drawn using several godets rolls with very good speed and temperature control to orient the molecules in the fibers and eliminate voids, making the yarn stronger. If the polymer is thermoplastic, then melt spinning should be used for higher productivity.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Physical Properties of Errandi-Acrylic Union Fabrics
    Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10 (3): 925 - 930 (2018) ISSN : 0974-9411 (Print), 2231-5209 (Online) journals.ansfoundation.org Evaluation of physical properties of Errandi-acrylic union fabrics Sunita Boruah* Article Info Assistat Professor, Department of Fashion Design and Technology, Assam Women’s DOI:10.31018/jans.v10i3.1816 University, Jorhat-785004 (Assam), India Received: June 30, 2018 B. Baishya Kalita Revised: July 16, 2018 Professor, Department of Textiles and Apparel designing, College of Community Science, Accepted: July 30, 2018 Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785013 (Assam), India *Corresponding author. E-Mail: [email protected] How to Cite Abstract: Boruah, S. et al. (2018). Errandi silk has a potential of emerging as “A silk of the new millennium”. The experi- Evaluation of physical mental finding provides information on physical properties as well as subjective evalua- properties of Errandi- tions of Errandi silk -Acrylic union fabrics with twill and herringbone weave. The count and acrylic union fabrics. diameter of errandi silk fibre were higher than acrylic fibre and in case of woven fabrics, Journal of Applied and herringbone weave were found to have maximum value in cloth covers, weight and thick- Natural Science, 10(3): ness. A comparative subjective evaluation was done based on fabric quality by the panel 925 - 930 of 100 respondents. 100 per cent respondent opined that all the woven samples have good appearance, soft in hand and smooth in texture. It was observed that cent percent of respondents found errandi-acrylic blended union fabrics with twill and herringbone weaves were high in lustre. The costs of blended yarns and the cost of union fabrics of different proportion were got reduced in comparison to that of 100 per cent errandi-silk yarn (Rs.3000.00/kg) and controlled errandi silk fabrics (Rs.985.00/mt.).
    [Show full text]
  • Colaris Digital Textile Printing
    ZIMMER AUSTRIA | DIGITAL PRINTING SYSTEMS COLARIS DIGITAL TEXTILE PRINTING HOME TEXTILES APPAREL DECORATION AUTOMOTIVE FLAGS & BANNERS www.zimmer-austria.com 2020.01.15 page 1 CONTENT 1. INNOVATION IS IN OUR DNA 1.1. HISTORIC MILESTONES 3 2. INK CLASSES 2.1. TYPES | PRODUCTS | PROCESS | REQUIREMENTS 4 2.2. TYPES | PRODUCTS | PROCESS | REQUIREMENTS 5 3. PRINT TECHNOLOGY 3.1. PROCESSING DIAGRAM 6 3.2. PROCESS EQUIPMENT 7 4. REACTIVE PRINTING 4.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 8 4.2. EXAMPLE: TERRY TOWEL PRINT PRODUCTION 9 5. ACID PRINTING 5.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 10 5.2. EXAMPLE: UPHOLSTERY PRINT LINE 11 6. DISPERSE / SUBLIMATION PRINTING 6.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 12 6.2. EXAMPLE: PES BLANKET PRINT LINE 13 7. VAT INDANTHRENE® PRINTING 7.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 14 7.2. APPLICATION DIVERSITY 15 8. PIGMENT PRINTING 8.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 16 8.2. APPLICATION DIVERSITY 17 9. CATIONIC PRINTING 9.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 18 10. COLARIS - CHARACTERISTICS AND FEATURES 10.1. COLARIS MODELS 19 11. COLARIS FEATURES AND COMPONENTS 11.1. INTEGRATED MACHINE COMPONENTS 20 11.2. INTEGRATED MACHINE COMPONENTS 21 12. PROCESS EQUIPMENT 12.1. INLINE COMPONENTS 22 12.2. OFFLINE COMPONENTS 23 13. PRINT HEAD 13.1. TECHNOLOGY 24 13.2. RECONDITION CENTER 25 14. ZIMMER TECHNOLOGY & APPLICATION CENTER 14.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 26 14.2. EQUIPMENT & FACILITIES 27 www.zimmer-austria.com 2020.01.15 page 2 1. INNOVATION IS IN OUR DNA 1.1. HISTORIC MILESTONES Vertical Duplex blanket printer from 1951 First commercial rotary screen printer 1958 The broad digital competence of ZIMMER AUSTRIA is based on an innovation introduced more than 4 decades ago.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Crystalline Structure During Gel Spinning of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers
    Soft Matter The Evolution of Crystalline Structure during Gel Spinning of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers Journal: Soft Matter Manuscript ID SM-ART-08-2018-001597.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the 14-Sep-2018 Author: Complete List of Authors: Henry, Christopher; Drexel University, Chemical and Biological Engineering Palmese, Giuseppe; Drexel University, Chemical and Biological Engineering Alvarez, Nicolas; Drexel University, Chemical and Biological Engineering Page 1 of 13 Soft Matter The Evolution of Crystalline Structure during Gel Spinning of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers† Christopher K. Henry,a Giuseppe R. Palmese,a and Nicolas J. Alvareza Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers have been the subject of many in- vestigations. Most studies are focused on the final mechanical properties of the fiber and the processing window required to achieve high modulus and tensile strength. Several studies have alluded that the crystalline morphology developed during gel spinning and post drawing are very important in final mechanical properties. However, it is surprising to know that no clear correlation exists between crystalline structure and initial, evolving, and final mechanical properties. In an attempt to define structure-property relationships, we have developed novel tools to quantify the effect of processing on crystalline structure evolution. We examine through controlled gel-spinning and SAXS analysis the effect of flow kinematics on the development of crystalline structure. Direct correlations are made between polymer solution relaxation time, extension rates, crystallization time and gel-spun crystalline morphology. We report direct evidence of flow induced crystalliza- tion, which approaches an asymptotic crystallization rate at high Weissenberg number.
    [Show full text]