Fundamental of Hard Disk Drive Technology
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Scaling Enterprise Storage with SAS Hard Drives
Whitepaper | November 2007 Scaling Enterprise Storage with SAS Hard Drives Introduction Data center workloads have increased exponentially in recent years, requiring IT managers to find new ways of scaling their enterprise storage resources in a way that is both highly reliable and cost-effective. With the introduction of complementary serial interface technologies, IT managers now have the flexibility to deploy either high performance SAS drives or cost-effective Serial ATA (SATA) drives in a Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) storage environment. Hardware compatibility between the new interfaces will provide unprecedented design flexibility for server and storage subsystem deployments. SAS was designed to be the successor to parallel SCSI, which has been used effectively as an enterprise storage interface for more than 20 years. SAS supports the SCSI com- mand set and protocol, maintaining compatibility with the last 20 years of application software investment. SAS will support faster data transfer rates and more devices per controller, as well as reduce the size and complexity of the cables and connectors (thus enabling smaller, more densely-packed disk arrays). SAS is a point-to-point serial architecture, meaning that each drive has a dedicated connection to the host. Eliminating the shared (parallel) bus bottleneck results in higher overall performance because the host will deliver full bandwidth to each individual hard drive. These dedicated, point-to-point connections provide full-duplex connectivity at 3Gb/s for superior performance. SAS is a dual-port interface that provides two separate data paths into the drive. This delivers higher levels of performance and eliminates the “single point of failure” that is a drawback of the current parallel SCSI inter- face. -
HP Proliant G6 Intel Xeon Bladesystem C-Class Server Blades
Technologies in HP ProLiant G6 c-Class server blades with Intel® Xeon® processors technology brief Abstract.............................................................................................................................................. 2 ProLiant c-Class server blade architecture................................................................................................ 2 Processor technologies ......................................................................................................................... 3 Multi-level caches............................................................................................................................. 3 QuickPath Interconnect controller ....................................................................................................... 4 Hyper-Threading .............................................................................................................................. 4 Turbo Boost technology..................................................................................................................... 5 Thermal Logic technologies ................................................................................................................... 5 Processor socket technology.................................................................................................................. 6 Memory technologies ........................................................................................................................... 6 I/O technologies -
SAS Enters the Mainstream Although Adoption of Serial Attached SCSI
SAS enters the mainstream By the InfoStor staff http://www.infostor.com/articles/article_display.cfm?Section=ARTCL&C=Newst&ARTICLE_ID=295373&KEYWORDS=Adaptec&p=23 Although adoption of Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is still in the infancy stages, the next 12 months bode well for proponents of the relatively new disk drive/array interface. For example, in a recent InfoStor QuickVote reader poll, 27% of the respondents said SAS will account for the majority of their disk drive purchases over the next year, although Serial ATA (SATA) topped the list with 37% of the respondents, followed by Fibre Channel with 32%. Only 4% of the poll respondents cited the aging parallel SCSI interface (see figure). However, surveys of InfoStor’s readers are skewed by the fact that almost half of our readers are in the channel (primarily VARs and systems/storage integrators), and the channel moves faster than end users in terms of adopting (or at least kicking the tires on) new technologies such as serial interfaces. Click here to enlarge image To get a more accurate view of the pace of adoption of serial interfaces such as SAS, consider market research predictions from firms such as Gartner and International Data Corp. (IDC). Yet even in those firms’ predictions, SAS is coming on surprisingly strong, mostly at the expense of its parallel SCSI predecessor. For example, Gartner predicts SAS disk drives will account for 16.4% of all multi-user drive shipments this year and will garner almost 45% of the overall market in 2009 (see figure on p. 18). -
Performance and Innovation of Storage Advances Through SCSI Express © 2014 Storage Networking Industry Association
Performance and Innovation of Storage PRESENTATION TITLE GOES HERE Advances through SCSI Express Marty Czekalski President, SCSI Trade Association - Emerging Interface and Architecture Program Manager, Seagate Technology Greg McSorley Vice President, SCSI Trade Association Technical Business Development Manager, Amphenol SNIA Legal Notice The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted by the SNIA unless otherwise noted. Member companies and individual members may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions: Any slide or slides used must be reproduced in their entirety without modification The SNIA must be acknowledged as the source of any material used in the body of any document containing material from these presentations. This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee. Neither the author nor the presenter is an attorney and nothing in this presentation is intended to be, or should be construed as legal advice or an opinion of counsel. If you need legal advice or a legal opinion please contact your attorney. The information presented herein represents the author's personal opinion and current understanding of the relevant issues involved. The author, the presenter, and the SNIA do not assume any responsibility or liability for damages arising out of any reliance on or use of this information. NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Performance and Innovation of Storage Advances through SCSI Express © 2014 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 2 Abstract Performance and Innovation of Storage Advances through SCSI Express SCSI Express represents the natural evolution of enterprise storage technology building upon decades of customer and industry experience. -
Multiread Specifications for CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-R/RW and DVD-ROM Devices
MultiRead Specifications for CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-R/RW and DVD-ROM Devices CD-DA CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW A MultiRead Device Revision 1.0 June 27, 1997 Copyright 1997 Optical Storage Technology Association ALL RIGHTS RESERVED POINTS OF CONTACT Optical Storage Technology Association OSTA Technical Reflector Ray Freeman Internet address for subscription: [email protected] 311 East Carrillo Street Internet address for distribution: [email protected] Santa Barbara, CA 93101 Tel: (805) 963-3853 Fax: (805) 962-1541 Email: [email protected] http://www.osta.org Hewlett-Packard Philips Ron Sutton Rob van Eijk 800 South Taft Avenue 2099 Gateway Place, Suite 100 Loveland, CO 80537 San Jose, CA 95110 Tel: (970) 635-6862 Tel: (408) 453-7008 Fax: (970) 635-6610 Fax: (408) 453-0680 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] MultiRead Technical Editor ABSTRACT This specification defines the MultiRead Specification for a MultiRead device. The applicable clauses of this specification containing the word ÒshallÓ are the requirements to be MultiRead compliant. The Annexes are part of this document but are not required for compliance. LICENSING Application of this specification does not require a license. However, CD disc and CD equipment products require a license from Philips Consumer Electronics B.V. A license from Hewlett-Packard is required for use of the MultiRead logo. DISCLAIMER The information contained herein is believed to be accurate as of the data of publication, however, neither Hewlett-Packard Company, Sony Corporation, nor Philips Consumer Electronics B.V. will be liable for any damages, including indirect or consequential, from use of the MultiRead Specification for a MultiRead device or reliance on the accuracy of this document. -
Serial ATA the New Drive Interface Standard for the Desktop and Mobile PC
Boston Tec 14/8/03 7:45 PM Page 1 Technology Paper Serial ATA The new drive interface standard for the desktop and mobile PC Table of Contents Background 2 Comparative Performance 3 The Parallel ATA Interface 4 The Serial ATA Interface 4 Features of Serial ATA 5 Implementing Serial ATA 6 Where does Serial ATA fit in the market place? 8 What is iSCSI and why is Serial ATA so well suited? 8 Boston Ltd Unit 5 Curo Park, Frogmore, St. Albans AL2 2DD Tel: +44 (0) 8707 51 59 50 Fax: +44 (0) 8707 51 59 51 e: [email protected] w: www.boston.co.uk Boston Tec 14/8/03 7:46 PM Page 2 Background The parallel ATA (AT Attachment) specification has defined the common standard storage interface for PCs since the protocol was introduced back in the 1980’s. Parallel ATA has maintained its success for many years for three primary reasons: 1) Low Cost, 2) virtually universal operating system support, and 3) the ability to evolve to higher speeds and performance whilst maintaining backwards compatibility with older parallel ATA devices. From its original interface speed of just 3MB/s, parallel ATA has moved up to burst transfer rates of 66MB/s and 100MB/s and beyond. The latest generation of the parallel ATA interface, Ultra ATA-133, goes even further with a burst transfer rate of up to 133MB/s. While parallel ATA has enjoyed an illustrious track record, the specification is now showing its age. Parallel ATA imposes some serious design issues on today’s developers, including a 5 volt signaling requirement, high pin count, major cabling headaches and, perhaps most significantly, limited performance headroom. -
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual
Users Guide Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual Users Guide Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual ©2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Seagate Technology LLC All rights reserved Publication number: 100293071, Rev. B May 2006 Seagate, Seagate Technology, and the Seagate logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC. SeaTools, SeaFAX, SeaFONE, SeaBOARD, and SeaTDD are either registered trademarks or trade- marks of Seagate Technology LLC. Other product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technology LLC. Revision status summary sheet Revision Date Writers/Engineers Notes Rev. A 11/11/04 J. Coomes Initial release. Rev. B 05/07/06 C. Chalupa, J. Coomes, G. Houlder All. Contents 1.0 Interface requirements. 1 1.1 Acknowledgements . 1 1.2 How to use this interface manual . 1 1.2.1 Scope . 2 1.2.2 Applicable specifications . 2 1.2.3 Other references . 3 1.3 General interface description. 3 1.3.1 Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI Interface (SAS) . 3 1.3.2 The SAS interface . 3 1.3.3 Glossary . 5 1.3.4 Keywords . 16 1.4 Physical interface characteristics. 17 1.5 Bit and byte ordering . 17 2.0 General . 19 2.1 Architecture . 19 2.1.1 Architecture overview . 19 2.1.2 Physical links and phys . 19 2.1.3 Ports (narrow ports and wide ports) . 20 2.1.4 SAS devices . 21 2.1.5 Expander devices (edge expander devices and fanout expander devices) . -
Computer Service Technician- CST Competency Requirements
Computer Service Technician- CST Competency Requirements This Competency listing serves to identify the major knowledge, skills, and training areas which the Computer Service Technician needs in order to perform the job of servicing the hardware and the systems software for personal computers (PCs). The present CST COMPETENCIES only address operating systems for Windows current version, plus three older. Included also are general common Linux and Apple competency information, as proprietary service contracts still keep most details specific to in-house service. The Competency is written so that it can be used as a course syllabus, or the study directed towards the education of individuals, who are expected to have basic computer hardware electronics knowledge and skills. Computer Service Technicians must be knowledgeable in the following technical areas: 1.0 SAFETY PROCEDURES / HANDLING / ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS 1.1 Explain the need for physical safety: 1.1.1 Lifting hardware 1.1.2 Electrical shock hazard 1.1.3 Fire hazard 1.1.4 Chemical hazard 1.2 Explain the purpose for Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 1.3 Summarize work area safety and efficiency 1.4 Define first aid procedures 1.5 Describe potential hazards in both in-shop and in-home environments 1.6 Describe proper recycling and disposal procedures 2.0 COMPUTER ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY 2.1 List the tools required for removal and installation of all computer system components 2.2 Describe the proper removal and installation of a CPU 2.2.1 Describe proper use of Electrostatic Discharge -
Comparing Fibre Channel, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial ATA (SATA)
Comparing Fibre Channel, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial ATA (SATA) by Allen Hin Wing Lam Bachelor ofElectrical Engineering Carleton University 1996 PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING In the School ofEngineering Science © Allen Hin Wing Lam 2009 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2009 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act ofCanada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for Fair Dealing. Therefore, limited reproduction ofthis work for the purposes ofprivate study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly ifcited appropriately. Approval Name: Allen Hin Wing Lam Degree: Master ofEngineering Title ofProject: Comparing Fibre Channel, Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial ATA (SATA) Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Daniel Lee Chair ofCommittee Associate Professor, School ofEngineering Science Simon Fraser University Dr. Stephen Hardy Senior Supervisor Professor, School ofEngineering Science Simon Fraser University Jim Younger Manager, Product Engineering PMC- Sierra, Inc. Date ofDefence/Approval r 11 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response -
Nvme SSD Controller
EVERYTHING YOU WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT STORAGE BUT WERE TOO PROUD TO ASK Part Aqua Storage Controllers May 15, 2018 10:00 am PT Today’s Presenters J Metz Craig Carlson John Kim Peter Onufryk Chad Hintz Cisco Cavium Mellanox Microsemi Cisco © 2018 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 2 SNIA-At-A-Glance © 2018 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 3 SNIA Legal Notice The material contained in this presentation is copyrighted by the SNIA unless otherwise noted. Member companies and individual members may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions: Any slide or slides used must be reproduced in their entirety without modification The SNIA must be acknowledged as the source of any material used in the body of any document containing material from these presentations. This presentation is a project of the SNIA. Neither the author nor the presenter is an attorney and nothing in this presentation is intended to be, or should be construed as legal advice or an opinion of counsel. If you need legal advice or a legal opinion please contact your attorney. The information presented herein represents the author's personal opinion and current understanding of the relevant issues involved. The author, the presenter, and the SNIA do not assume any responsibility or liability for damages arising out of any reliance on or use of this information. NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. © 2018 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 4 Controllers! So many things to Up, Up, Down, control, so little time! Down, Left, Right, Left, Right, B, A, storage Start! © 2018 Storage Networking Industry Association. -
Memory Technology and Trends for High Performance Computing Contract #: MDA904-02-C-0441
Memory Technology and Trends for High Performance Computing Contract #: MDA904-02-C-0441 Contract Institution: Georgia Institute of Technology Project Director: D. Scott Wills Project Report 12 September 2002 — 11 September 2004 This project explored the impact of developing memory technologies on future supercomputers. This activity included both a literature study (see attached whitepaper), plus a more practical exploration of potential memory interfacing techniques using the sponsor recommended HyperTransport interface. The report indicates trends that will affect interconnection network design in future supercomputers. Related publications during the contract period include: 1. P. G. Sassone and D. S. Wills, On the Scaling of the Atlas Chip-Scale Multiprocessor, to appear in IEEE Transaction on Computers. 2. P. G. Sassone and D. S. Wills, Dynamic Strands: Collapsing Speculative Dependence Chains for Reducing Pipeline Communication, to appear in IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, Portland, OR, December 2004. 3. B. A. Small, A. Shacham, K. Bergman, K. Athikulwongse, C. Hawkins, and D. S. Wills, Emulation of Realistic Network Traffic Patterns on an Eight-Node Data Vortex Interconnection Network Subsystem, to appear in OSA Journal of Optical Networking. 4. P. G. Sassone and D. S. Wills, On the Extraction and Analysis of Prevalent Dataflow Patterns, to appear in The IEEE 7th Annual Workshop on Workload Characterization (WWC-7), 8 pages, Austin, TX, October 2004. 5. H. Kim, D. S. Wills, and L. M. Wills, Empirical Analysis of Operand Usage and Transport in Multimedia Applications, in Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on System-on-Chip for Real-Time Applications(IWSOC'04), pages 168-171, Banff, Alberta, Canada, July 2004. -
2 Port PCI Express Internal SATA II Controller Card Startech ID: PEXSATA22I
2 Port PCI Express Internal SATA II Controller Card StarTech ID: PEXSATA22I This 2 Port PCI Express Internal Serial ATA Controller Card adds two internal SATA II (SATA /300) ports to a computer through simple installation into an available 1x PCI Express slot. Supporting data transfer speeds of up to 3.0 Gbps, the SATA controller card features Port Multiplier support with command- based switching as well as Native Command Queuing to ensure optimum performance. Using a native PCI Express single chipset, the internal SATA controller card provides enhanced compatibility, reliability and performance for your external storage needs. The controller card also features Port Multiplier support with command based switching for connecting multiple external hard drives to a host computer through one eSATA connection. The controller card includes both standard form factor and low profile brackets, allowing you to add SATA capability to virtually any PCI Express enabled computer, regardless of the case form factor Applications and Solutions • Ideal for individuals and institutions replacing Parallel ATA with Serial ATA hard drives Features • Boot ROM Function • Compliant with Serial ATA 1.0 specifications • Standard and low profile brackets included • Supports Native Command Queuing (NCQ) with Port Multiplier support • Supports SATA II transfer rates of up to 3.0 Gbps • Uses a native PCI Express single chipset,providing enhanced compatibility, reliability and performance for your external storage needs Technical Specifications • Warranty: Lifetime warranty