Putting Switched Fabric to Work for Software Radio
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Scaling Enterprise Storage with SAS Hard Drives
Whitepaper | November 2007 Scaling Enterprise Storage with SAS Hard Drives Introduction Data center workloads have increased exponentially in recent years, requiring IT managers to find new ways of scaling their enterprise storage resources in a way that is both highly reliable and cost-effective. With the introduction of complementary serial interface technologies, IT managers now have the flexibility to deploy either high performance SAS drives or cost-effective Serial ATA (SATA) drives in a Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) storage environment. Hardware compatibility between the new interfaces will provide unprecedented design flexibility for server and storage subsystem deployments. SAS was designed to be the successor to parallel SCSI, which has been used effectively as an enterprise storage interface for more than 20 years. SAS supports the SCSI com- mand set and protocol, maintaining compatibility with the last 20 years of application software investment. SAS will support faster data transfer rates and more devices per controller, as well as reduce the size and complexity of the cables and connectors (thus enabling smaller, more densely-packed disk arrays). SAS is a point-to-point serial architecture, meaning that each drive has a dedicated connection to the host. Eliminating the shared (parallel) bus bottleneck results in higher overall performance because the host will deliver full bandwidth to each individual hard drive. These dedicated, point-to-point connections provide full-duplex connectivity at 3Gb/s for superior performance. SAS is a dual-port interface that provides two separate data paths into the drive. This delivers higher levels of performance and eliminates the “single point of failure” that is a drawback of the current parallel SCSI inter- face. -
Allgemeines Abkürzungsverzeichnis
Allgemeines Abkürzungsverzeichnis L. -
What Is It and How We Use It
Infiniband Overview What is it and how we use it What is Infiniband • Infiniband is a contraction of "Infinite Bandwidth" o can keep bundling links so there is no theoretical limit o Target design goal is to always be faster than the PCI bus. • Infiniband should not be the bottleneck. • Credit based flow control o data is never sent if receiver can not guarantee sufficient buffering What is Infiniband • Infiniband is a switched fabric network o low latency o high throughput o failover • Superset of VIA (Virtual Interface Architecture) o Infiniband o RoCE (RDMA over Converged Ethernet) o iWarp (Internet Wide Area RDMA Protocol) What is Infiniband • Serial traffic is split into incoming and outgoing relative to any port • Currently 5 data rates o Single Data Rate (SDR), 2.5Gbps o Double Data Rate (DDR), 5 Gbps o Quadruple Data Rate (QDR), 10 Gbps o Fourteen Data Rate (FDR), 14.0625 Gbps o Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) 25.78125 Gbps • Links can be bonded together, 1x, 4x, 8x and 12x HDR - High Data Rate NDR - Next Data Rate Infiniband Road Map (Infiniband Trade Association) What is Infiniband • SDR, DDR, and QDR use 8B/10B encoding o 10 bits carry 8 bits of data o data rate is 80% of signal rate • FDR and EDR use 64B/66B encoding o 66 bits carry 64 bits of data Signal Rate Latency SDR 200ns DDR 140ns QDR 100ns Hardware 2 Hardware vendors • Mellanox o bought Voltaire • Intel o bought Qlogic Infiniband business unit Need to standardize hardware. Mellanox and Qlogic cards work in different ways. -
HP Proliant G6 Intel Xeon Bladesystem C-Class Server Blades
Technologies in HP ProLiant G6 c-Class server blades with Intel® Xeon® processors technology brief Abstract.............................................................................................................................................. 2 ProLiant c-Class server blade architecture................................................................................................ 2 Processor technologies ......................................................................................................................... 3 Multi-level caches............................................................................................................................. 3 QuickPath Interconnect controller ....................................................................................................... 4 Hyper-Threading .............................................................................................................................. 4 Turbo Boost technology..................................................................................................................... 5 Thermal Logic technologies ................................................................................................................... 5 Processor socket technology.................................................................................................................. 6 Memory technologies ........................................................................................................................... 6 I/O technologies -
SAS Enters the Mainstream Although Adoption of Serial Attached SCSI
SAS enters the mainstream By the InfoStor staff http://www.infostor.com/articles/article_display.cfm?Section=ARTCL&C=Newst&ARTICLE_ID=295373&KEYWORDS=Adaptec&p=23 Although adoption of Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is still in the infancy stages, the next 12 months bode well for proponents of the relatively new disk drive/array interface. For example, in a recent InfoStor QuickVote reader poll, 27% of the respondents said SAS will account for the majority of their disk drive purchases over the next year, although Serial ATA (SATA) topped the list with 37% of the respondents, followed by Fibre Channel with 32%. Only 4% of the poll respondents cited the aging parallel SCSI interface (see figure). However, surveys of InfoStor’s readers are skewed by the fact that almost half of our readers are in the channel (primarily VARs and systems/storage integrators), and the channel moves faster than end users in terms of adopting (or at least kicking the tires on) new technologies such as serial interfaces. Click here to enlarge image To get a more accurate view of the pace of adoption of serial interfaces such as SAS, consider market research predictions from firms such as Gartner and International Data Corp. (IDC). Yet even in those firms’ predictions, SAS is coming on surprisingly strong, mostly at the expense of its parallel SCSI predecessor. For example, Gartner predicts SAS disk drives will account for 16.4% of all multi-user drive shipments this year and will garner almost 45% of the overall market in 2009 (see figure on p. 18). -
FICON Native Implementation and Reference Guide
Front cover FICON Native Implementation and Reference Guide Architecture, terminology, and topology concepts Planning, implemention, and migration guidance Realistic examples and scenarios Bill White JongHak Kim Manfred Lindenau Ken Trowell ibm.com/redbooks International Technical Support Organization FICON Native Implementation and Reference Guide October 2002 SG24-6266-01 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page vii. Second Edition (October 2002) This edition applies to FICON channel adaptors installed and running in FICON native (FC) mode in the IBM zSeries procressors (at hardware driver level 3G) and the IBM 9672 Generation 5 and Generation 6 processors (at hardware driver level 26). © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2001, 2002. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Notices . vii Trademarks . viii Preface . ix The team that wrote this redbook. ix Become a published author . .x Comments welcome. .x Chapter 1. Overview . 1 1.1 How to use this redbook . 2 1.2 Introduction to FICON . 2 1.3 zSeries and S/390 9672 G5/G6 I/O connectivity. 3 1.4 zSeries and S/390 FICON channel benefits . 5 Chapter 2. FICON topology and terminology . 9 2.1 Basic Fibre Channel terminology . 10 2.2 FICON channel topology. 12 2.2.1 Point-to-point configuration . 14 2.2.2 Switched point-to-point configuration . 15 2.2.3 Cascaded FICON Directors configuration. 16 2.3 Access control. 18 2.4 Fibre Channel and FICON terminology. -
Infiniband Event-Builder Architecture Test-Beds for Full Rate Data
International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 2010) IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 331 (2011) 022008 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/331/2/022008 Infiniband Event-Builder Architecture Test-beds for Full Rate Data Acquisition in LHCb Enrico Bonaccorsi and Juan Manuel Caicedo Carvajal and Jean-Christophe Garnier and Guoming Liu and Niko Neufeld and Rainer Schwemmer CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The LHCb Data Acquisition system will be upgraded to address the requirements of a 40 MHz readout of the detector. It is not obvious that a simple scale-up of the current system will be able to meet these requirements. In this work we are therefore re-evaluating various architectures and technologies using a uniform test-bed and software framework. Infiniband is a rather uncommon technology in the domain of High Energy Physics data acquisition. It is currently mainly used in cluster based architectures. It has however interesting features which justify our interest : large bandwidth with low latency, a minimal overhead and a rich protocol suite. An InfiniBand test-bed has been and set-up, and the purpose is to have a software interface between the core software of the event-builder and the software related to the communication protocol. This allows us to run the same event-builder over different technologies for comparisons. We will present the test-bed architectures, and the performance of the different entities of the system, sources and destinations, according to their implementation. These results will be compared with 10 Gigabit Ethernet testbed results. -
Test, Simulation, and Integration of Fibre Channel Networked Systems by Mike Glass Principal Marketing Engineer Data Device Corporation
Test, Simulation, and Integration of Fibre Channel Networked Systems By Mike Glass Principal Marketing Engineer Data Device Corporation September 2006 Test, Simulation, and Integration Of Fibre Channel Networked Systems Introduction Fibre Channel is a high-speed networking technology deployed on a number of military/aerospace platforms and programs. These include F- 18E/F, F-16, F-35, B1-B, B-2, E-2D, the Apache Longbow and MMH helicopters, and AESA Radar. Applications for Fibre Channel include mission computers, processor and DSP clusters; data storage; video processing, distribution, and displays; sensors such as radar, FLIR, and video; serial backplanes and IFF. Basic characteristics of Fibre Channel include a choice of copper and optical media options; 1 and 2 Gb operation, including auto-speed negotiation; and operation on multiple topologies including point-to-point, arbitrated loop, and switched fabric. In addition, Fibre Channel provides low latency to the single-digit microsecond level; address scalability with a space up to 224 ports; broadcast and multicast operation; unacknowledged and acknowledged classes of service; a means for providing variable quality of service (QoS); and multiple upper layer protocols (ULPs). Test and simulation applications for deployable Fibre Channel networks include the development of board and box-level systems and sub-systems, network integration, production test, and equipment maintenance. For software development and network integration, it’s often necessary to rely on Fibre Channel testers and analyzers to simulate unavailable equipment for traffic generation and monitoring. Some development and integration environments provide demanding requirements for real-time data monitoring, storage, and subsequent offline analysis. For production test and field maintenance, low cost testers are often better-suited than higher-priced analyzers. -
Performance and Innovation of Storage Advances Through SCSI Express © 2014 Storage Networking Industry Association
Performance and Innovation of Storage PRESENTATION TITLE GOES HERE Advances through SCSI Express Marty Czekalski President, SCSI Trade Association - Emerging Interface and Architecture Program Manager, Seagate Technology Greg McSorley Vice President, SCSI Trade Association Technical Business Development Manager, Amphenol SNIA Legal Notice The material contained in this tutorial is copyrighted by the SNIA unless otherwise noted. Member companies and individual members may use this material in presentations and literature under the following conditions: Any slide or slides used must be reproduced in their entirety without modification The SNIA must be acknowledged as the source of any material used in the body of any document containing material from these presentations. This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee. Neither the author nor the presenter is an attorney and nothing in this presentation is intended to be, or should be construed as legal advice or an opinion of counsel. If you need legal advice or a legal opinion please contact your attorney. The information presented herein represents the author's personal opinion and current understanding of the relevant issues involved. The author, the presenter, and the SNIA do not assume any responsibility or liability for damages arising out of any reliance on or use of this information. NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Performance and Innovation of Storage Advances through SCSI Express © 2014 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 2 Abstract Performance and Innovation of Storage Advances through SCSI Express SCSI Express represents the natural evolution of enterprise storage technology building upon decades of customer and industry experience. -
Etsi Gr Ip6 009 V1.1.1 (2017-03)
ETSI GR IP6 009 V1.1.1 (2017-03) GROUP REPORT IPv6-based Industrial Internet leveraging 6TiSCH technology Disclaimer The present document has been produced and approved by the IPv6 Integration (IP6) ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG. It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership. 2 ETSI GR IP6 009 V1.1.1 (2017-03) Reference DGR/IP6-0009 Keywords 6TiSCH, IPv6, network ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. -
News Letter V7
Robin MacGillivray, BCS President, SBC West Message to Telecom Consultants Let me start out by wishing each of you a very Happy New Year, with hopes that 2004 will be your most successful year ever! Through your recommendations you have influenced millions of UPDATE dollars in revenue for the SBC family of companies Solutions for Success and it’s my commitment to you to do all we can to continue to earn your trust and confidence in Consultant/Vendor Sales Group 2004. That’s what “Stand & Deliver” is all about. February 2004 It’s a theme we’re using internally to constantly remind ourselves of our promise to you that we will always be the brand you can trust to deliver World-Class products and reliable service to your clients. It’s my personal goal to Stand & Deliver beyond your expectations. We believe the best competitive strategy we have for keeping Douglas Ireland customers is our ability to meet their needs, the first time, on time, SM everytime. There’s probably nothing more critical to the success of SBC FreedomLink Creating Special our business. As we enter a new year, there are a lot of things going National Wi-Fi Hotspot Network on that may directly impact you and your clients. Here are a few: ͷ SBC Internet Services, Inc. is now creating one of the nation’s We’re now offering Long Distance at incredible prices in all 13 states SBC Long Distance serves. largest wireless Internet access networks, commonly known as ͷ We’re offering all sorts of spectacular packages and bundles to Wi-Fi hotspots, under the FreedomLinkSM marquee. -
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual
Users Guide Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual Users Guide Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Interface Manual ©2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Seagate Technology LLC All rights reserved Publication number: 100293071, Rev. B May 2006 Seagate, Seagate Technology, and the Seagate logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC. SeaTools, SeaFAX, SeaFONE, SeaBOARD, and SeaTDD are either registered trademarks or trade- marks of Seagate Technology LLC. Other product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission of Seagate Technology LLC. Revision status summary sheet Revision Date Writers/Engineers Notes Rev. A 11/11/04 J. Coomes Initial release. Rev. B 05/07/06 C. Chalupa, J. Coomes, G. Houlder All. Contents 1.0 Interface requirements. 1 1.1 Acknowledgements . 1 1.2 How to use this interface manual . 1 1.2.1 Scope . 2 1.2.2 Applicable specifications . 2 1.2.3 Other references . 3 1.3 General interface description. 3 1.3.1 Introduction to Serial Attached SCSI Interface (SAS) . 3 1.3.2 The SAS interface . 3 1.3.3 Glossary . 5 1.3.4 Keywords . 16 1.4 Physical interface characteristics. 17 1.5 Bit and byte ordering . 17 2.0 General . 19 2.1 Architecture . 19 2.1.1 Architecture overview . 19 2.1.2 Physical links and phys . 19 2.1.3 Ports (narrow ports and wide ports) . 20 2.1.4 SAS devices . 21 2.1.5 Expander devices (edge expander devices and fanout expander devices) .