i:iiiii!iii;;;!K;^;;»;i:i;i;»aija[Hffl.^:::TO;:^i;.:i:ni;aiiro!i!ti jH^gitimi»!iinRn~tti.t''v

dt^YvperUYU^s^ drwfcifv* the Irish Race.

BY ARCHBISHOP IRELAND.

NOTE.—This powerful and brilliant address was delivered at the request of a Committee of representative citizens of the City of Cork on the night of July 20, 1899, in the Opera House. The name and fame of the orator drew a very large and most representative audience. The masterly affirmation of principles, as well as the courageous statement of the terrible ravages of the drink-plague among the people, clothe this address with something of the na­ ture of a message to the Irish race the world over. MR. CHAIRMAN, MY LORD, RP:V. FATHERS, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: I thank 5'ou for this very cordial welcome—(Voices : " You're worthy of it ")—a welcome which goes to my heart, for it comes, I know, from your hearts (hear, hear). I have travelled during the past six months over many lands, and stood before many audi­ ences, but nowhere did the welcome I liave received please me as the welcome I have received on the soil of Ireland (applause). It is now twelve years since I had the pleasure of passing through your city and of speaking to the citizens of Cork from this plat­ form. I have often since recalled with deepest satisfaction my visit to your city, and it is with renewed joy that I find myself to-night again among you. I have come back to Cork, the city where Father Mathew began his labors (applause) ; I have come back to pay reverence to the shrines where ministered the Apostle of Total Abstinence (applause). I have stood to-day with reverence and devotion near his statue on Patrick Street (applause). Owing no doubt, as I am willing to believe, to the works now put on your streets for the laying of modern improvements the immediate spot around the statue of Father Mathew was not wonderfully re­ markable for neatness (hear, hear), and the basins through which

MONTHLY. AUGUST7I899. \ No. 43. TEMPERANCE PUBLICATION BUREAU, 415 WE8T 59TH ST., NEW YORK. NEW SEfflES. S3 CTS. A YEAR. Entered at Post-Office o/ New York as Second-Class Mail Matter. it was intended the purest and healthiest water would flow were filled with what might be the liquid of your historic Blackpool. I am sure the condition of the statue of Father Mathew, towards which the yearnings of hundreds of thousands of people from all parts of the world frequently turn, is no indication of the condition among you of the great cause for which Father Mathew labored (hear, hear). I am certain his memory lives not only in word but in sentiment. I am convinced you are ready to repeat every day the words inscribed on his statue, "From a grateful people" (hear, hear). Father Mathew has honored Cork ; he has honored Ireland ; he has honored the Irish race throughout the world ; he has honored the Church of which he was a child and a priest (hear, liear, and applause). Father Mathew was indeed one of the greatest benefactors of the Irish race (heai, hear, and ap­ plause). All that is needed to place the Irish race upon the high pedestal of prosperity, honor, and glory is that they carry out loyally and continuously, the injunctions of Father Mathew (hear, hear, and lotid applause). We are living in an age of social popular reform. It is the age of democracy, the age of the people, when the hearts of all Christians and of all true citizens of the country go out with greater earnestness and greater warmth towards the social betterment of man than per­ haps at any other previous period of history (applause). Every­ where the talk is the people, the multitude, the masses. The ques­ tion is constantly asked, What can we do for the People? What can we do to bring them greater intelligence, stronger moral forces, and put them on the road to social welfare ? And this is true Christianit}^ (hear, hear). Christ, the Saviour of mankind, spoke on a memorable occasion, and said : "I have pity on the multi­ tude " ; and these words of Christ have been throughout two thousand years re-echoed by the lovers of the Saviour, by the lovers of man ; and onward has gone the great Church of Christ, constantly reaching out the hand towards the multitude, and bring­ ing that multitude towards its own warm heart in order to purify it and elevate it. Attention to the people is true Christianity (kpplause). Church and State demand that we do all we can for the people. The interests of the state demand it. There was a time when a few sufficed that the ship of state might sail tri- —-'•'"•'"-atinnBUBiMiiatumimn^'ii^''-'""

3 umphantly over billows, even if the multitude of men were not capable of putting their hand to the helm. To-day the reign of the few—the reign of the classes—has passed away, and the people are the kings (loud applause and cheering). To-day power goes up from the multitude. Woe to the country to-day where the people, the masses, are not intelligent—are not worthy of their high estate ! So, too, the interests of the Church in the most em­ phatic wa)' demand that we give every attention to the multitude (applause). No doubt the Church primarily looks for souls, and to her the soul of the poorest is as precious as the soul of the richest, the soul of the weakest is as precious as the soul of the strongest. In this age, however, of philanthropy, in this age of great social and moral reform, the Church, in order to prove her­ self before men as the messenger of the Living God, must work most efficiently among the people for their temporal good and temporal advancement (hear, hear). Let her show that she is indeed as Christ made her, the mother of the people; let her show the truth of the maxim of St. Paul, " That Piety is good for all Things." Having the promises of the life that is to come, let her show to men that she is also interested iu everything that concerns man, and that obedience to her means social improvement and social felicity, and they will love her for the things she does for them on earth, even if at first they were not willing to love her for the promises of the life to come ; and loving her for what she does on earth, they will love her and value her for what she promises in another world (hear, hear). And iu her very ambition for the salvation of souls she must reach out now, even as never before, towards the multitude in their temporal and social interests. What use is there in speaking to men against sin when their surroundings of poverty and misery drag them down into crime ? What use is there of speaking of the life to come when in the midst of their sufferings they are made, as it were, incapable of hearkening to higher influences? First civilize them—I would say, humanize them; first give them opportunities to improve their intellect and remove from them the terrible degradations of social vice and social misery, and then they are capable of hearing the high-born promises of the Gospel (hear, hear). Now there is no one word that sums up the prerequisites to all

lywiamwwwtMfflWMaaiiatag I • 4 i i the social reforms that are needed, all the legitimate aspirations ii of the masses. I could tell of different things towards which you I could lend a helping hand, and different changes and reforms to I which the masses are entitled, and which they must get before we I can say that we enjoy fully all the blessings and liberty of modern i civilization. But there is the word that tells emphatically the I vital condition which must attend all other efforts towards social I elevation ; there is the word which tells what must be done if you I would succeed in any measure for the betterment of the people, I and the w^ord—oh ! I pronounce it with love and reverence—O fi God ! grant that we all hail it with the devotion it deserves— i The Word is Sobriety. i The gospel, then, that I preach this evening is the gospel of so- i briety ; the gospel which I would fain hear re-echoed throttgh i every vale and ever}' mountain-top of holy Ireland (applause). I A great patriot—A. M. Sullivan (applause)—said a few years I ago, "Ireland sober is Ireland free" (applause). Ireland I .sober is Ireland happ}' and contented; Ireland sober is Ire- I land so strong that no power of oppression can keep her down, I or prevent her people from leading in all the works of I civilization, intelligence, and social advancement (applause). I I may claim, I think, some right to speak of the Irish I people (hear, hear). The Irish people are not only in Ireland— i they are throughout the whole English-speaking world, and they I are in millions beneath the Stars and Stripes (applause). For I nearly forty 3'ears I have worked among and for them, as priest i and bishop. I know their virtues and I know their faults, and I because I love them with every fibre of my heart I am prepared to speak to them wherever they are—in Ireland or in America— with absolute frankness. I am prepared to tell them of the one obstacle in their path to greatness and happiness, in the firm hope I that .something may be done to remove that obstacle and place i them upon the heights where God intended them to live [ap- I plause). ij Of the Noble Qualities of the Irish People I I need not speak. The Master of man has endowed them so richly I that well indeed might other races envy them. What clearness of I mind, what quickness of thought, and what generosity of heart ! Of i what great tasks are they not capable ! What portion of the earth 5 has not extolled their sons ? How potent they are of limb, of body ! God has made them to succeed, and wherever full opportunity was given to them, and wherever they fitted themselves to embrace the opportunity, Forward has been their motto. I know full well the terrible days the Irish people went through. I know the fearful ordeal of the penal times, when, whatever the noble qualities of the race, it was impossible for them to assert themselves. But those days are gone by. There is freedom before the Irish race to show of what magnificent stuff it is made. The opportunities are dawning upon you iu Ireland da)' after day, and surely in the great Republic of the West those opportunities have not been wanting and will not be wanting to the men of Irish blood. What, then, will be their future? Oh! it were no prophecy to say that the future would be glorious were one failing, one im­ pediment finally and for ever removed. That impediment is the use of intoxicating drinks (hear, hear). I am going to-night to speak, as I said, in the fullest frankness, for the Irish race deserve to be told the truth in order that nothing may henceforward re­ press them. They have been emigrating to America by the hun­ dreds of thousands for now nearly three-quarters of a century, and the opportunities for aggrandizement were not wanting, and numbers of them have attained social honors and positions of wealth. But those who have so risen are not the full number that should have risen. In many of our great cities where you would expect to find in places of opulence and distinction names telling of Ireland, 30U find those names few and far between (hear, hear). In many of the cities you find too many of our people who are miserable, and you find them—O God! why should ever the sons of Erin be in such places?—you find them in too large numbers in asylums and poor-houses in the land of plenty, iu the land of fullest opportunity. I will tell you why this happens. I have studied their career from the Atlantic to the Pacific. I have asked the cause of their misfortunes, and everywhere it was said to me, there is but one cause—drink. I have gone to eleemosynary institutions where children of Ireland were found, and I questioned them one by one, and only one cause led them there—drink. I have gone to courts, municipal and State, and found that of all classes of peo-

a;si3BiiiMi!uui.taiau8iMtsa»!Bmffi™jafflM«asa^^^^^^ pie sentenced in those courts some seventy-five per cent, were brought thither, directly or indirectly, through drink. As a judge in Chicago told me, of Irish people coming before the courts ninety-five per cent, were brought thither by drink; in other words that, were it not for the one fell curse, scarcely auy Irishmen would be brought before the courts. I have talked with employers of labor, and they told me that they • wish to employ Irishmen, because Irishmen are so quick, so agile, can do more work than others and do it more intelligently, but they say they are often afraid to employ them because of the temptation that causes so many of them to drink. Of course dur­ ing the last twenty 3'ears a wonderful change has been passing over Irishmen in America, and they are now going forth as One of the most Sober I^lements in the Population. But while we congratulate ourselves on that fact, I think it were in­ justice to them, it were doing them wrong, not sometimes to speak to them of the evils of the past in order that such evils may never at­ tend them in the future [applause]. I say it with the deepest con­ viction after a ministry of nearly forty years spent in America, that if Irish emigrants coming to us had brought with them the pledge of Father Mathew, and had adhered to it, there would be now in America no element of the population so powerful, so wealthy, so respected as the Irish-American people [applause]. And when I recall these things—when I remember what ought to have been, and then remeinber what was the cause of the failure, I feel the strongest indignation arising in ni}' soul, and in my love for the Irish people I speak forth anathema to intoxicating drink, and I swear before the living God, so long as my hand can be raised, it shall be raised in opposition to intoxicating drink [applause]; so long as my tongue can move, it shall be moved in praise of sobriety and in cursing intoxicating liquor [renewed applause]. What the Irish people have been and are at home you know better than I do. But yet I know something, for I follow with the deepest interest the whole social life of Ireland. I know that there are to-day in Ireland 19,000 public-houses—that is. One Public-house for every 236 Souls, men, women, and children included. Subtract from these 236 the children who cannot drink, and a large number of men and women who, thank God ! don't drink, or drink with the greatest sobriety, just fancy how few they are to support each one of those public-houses, and how consistently those few must spend the fruits of their labor to support these vestibules oihell! (applause). With that number of public-houses in Ire­ land, so exorbitantly large for the population, there must be among their patrons, as the simplest mathematical calculation tells, in­ temperate use of liquor, and all the dire results of such intemperate use. Nor must we fail here to advert to the fact that the drink usually consumed iu Ireland is no weak kind of alcoholic concoc­ tion. I know that in your city of Cork—and I take Cork to be no worse than auy other city of Ireland—there are 576 licensed houses; that is, one licensed house for every 126 souls in your population. Again deduct from 126 the children and those who don't drink, and you have a very small number of slaves to. work by the sweat of their brow to maintain each one of these accursed public-houses. Of these 576 licensed houses, 417 are what you call tied houses—set up by the wholesale trade. I kuow that last year in Ireland, not including the amount of foreign spirits and foreign wines, there were consumed in Ireland, not merely made in Ireland but retained for home consumption, spirits to the value of ^11,826,888 sterling. In a population little over four millions there are spent for beer and spirits nearly /^i2,000,000 ; and what is fearful, these figures show an increase of ^167,000 over the pre­ vious year; and yet we talk of the poverty and misery to which so many of the Irish people are doomed ! (hear, hear). Let us first keep in our pockets this twelve millions of pounds, and then, if there is occasion, let us take to bewailing poverty. There were committed to the prisons of Ireland during 1896, 23,090 males and 11,113 females. If I were to give, without explanation, these fig­ ures throughout Ettrope, and they are so given, people would hold up their hands iu horror at the crime committed in Ireland. We are ready to explain and say : "Oh, all the crime was drunkenness; otherwise our people are as good as any and better than any." Of course they are as good as auy and perhaps better than any. In God's name, then, why do you not take the matter in hand and blot out from the fair face of Erin that stigma which attaches to it before the nations of the world (applause). I am certain that if you examine closely the causes that led to this number of arrests you will find that, directly or indirectly, ninety per cent, are

iWIMIMMlM»WmMlli.L!l»'.llUM™imMmWW^^ 8 brought home to intemperance. Forty-five per cent, of all arrests are directly for drunkenness. Nearly twenty per cent, are for as­ saults and batteries. Well we know these a.ssaults and batteries happen because the demon of drink took possession of the soul of miserable people who engage in broils. Then go over the crimes against morals ; go over the crimes of dishonesty, and you will find that a large percentage of these crimes were committed be­ cause the man had taken liquor, so that ninety per cent, of all crimes are to be attributed to liquor (hear, hear). We know the Irish people, and after forty years of ministry amongst them I have come to this conclusion, that as priest I have but one Sermon to Preach to Them; that I am, as it were, losing my time when I am speaking on any other subject : that one sermon is in denunciation of drink and drunkenness. Why speak to the Irish people of crimes of immorality when they are sober ? It is in their blood to be pure and moral (loud applause). Why speak to them against blasphemy and cursing ? The sober Irishman, hearing the name of the Living God, the name of the Saviour, bows down in rever­ ence : only the drunken Irishman speaks forth the language of the devil, who has taken possession of his soul [hear, hear]. Why speak to Irishmen of the duty of caring for their families ? Where do you find the sober Irishman lifting the hand of hatred against his wife or scattering his poor children on the streets? The Irishman who has no love for home, the Irishman whose children are driven as it were by force to every foiin of wickedness, is the Irishman who has visited the public-house [hear, hear]. Give me a sober Irishman, and I trust him anywhere, amidst any peril. His faith, his virtue are secure; and hence, when I hear these dreadful sta­ tistics of so many arrests for one year in holy Ireland, remember­ ing that they are due to intemperance, I am ready to call upon every lover of Ireland and every lover of religion to labor with all the energy of soul and body to put down that one accursed evil— intemperance [hear, hear, and applause]. One public-house in Ireland to every 236 souls ! And how the traffic is fastened upon the poor people ! I have passed from north to south of your coun­ try, and I have looked right and left for signs of improvement, and I found signs that cheered my heart; but I found also, towering above every other edifice, covering whole squares, breweries and

*™°M«iw""™««™™™™''miiimiiiiiiiim 9 distilleries in numbers to affright me. I walked down the quays of your city of Dublin, and things were very quiet indeed, until I came in view of thousands of barrels of whisky and of porter. As I passed from station to station on your railroads, I found in quan­ tity and in prominence, as in no other country in the world, flaming posters, "Whisky," "Stout," "Ale" [laughter]. In no other country in the world, I challenge denial, is whisky advertised as it is in your own (hear, hear). It would seem as if the demon of drink were afraid that some poor fellow would not know where to find him [laughter], and he takes best care to obtrude himself everywhere before the eye of adult or child. Some years ago there was a World's Fair in Chicago, and people of every nation thronged the halls to see the products of their own countries. Irishmen asked in anxiety where is Ireland represented ? And they went thither, and what was there ? A tower some twenty or thirty feet high built up from base to summit with whisky bottles [loud .laughter]. The poor Irish-Americans turned away in dis­ gust, and men of other nationalities asked, " Is that all that Ire­ land has to exhibit of the industries of the country ? " Those dis­ tilleries and those breweries are, as I understand, companies, the shares of which are held by men and women high and low, so that it has been worked to this, that the great number of your people are interested in the success of breweries and distilleries, and in the drunkenness of Irishmen [loud cheers and a voice—" That is the whole evil "]. And then these breweries and distilleries take, each one, hundreds of houses for the retail sale of their products, and then control your politics, so that men putting themselves forth for election are afraid to fight the liquor-trafiic. (Here the audience cheered loud and continuously, the demon­ stration lasting for some seconds, at the conclusion of which; His Grace (continuing) said : Men elected through the influ­ ence of the traffic are afraid to lift their arm against it, and it reigns fearless and supreme over the land. And now what hap­ pens from all this consumption of alcoholic drinks ? The Fruits of Intemperance. What are they ? Povertj', ignorance, sin, ill-health of body, destruction of very soul. Poverty! What is the' use of pro­ viding work for the multitude, if when a few shillings or a few pounds are earned the)' are brought to fill the till of the pub-

^Ma^iiSMJigJMtwMBwmMgwimmiimMiaaMB!^ lO lie-house ? (hear, hear). We talk of liberty—and oh ! it de­ serves well that we speak of it—but what servitude is that which the public-house imposes ! Never surely was negro servi- ^ tude in America equal to the servitude of the laborer, man or woman, who works, and then carries his earnings to the public- house. The keeper of the public-house is the despot; the man who drinks, the woman who drinks, is the slave (applause). • You may get all the laws that conduce to the social welfare of i the people. It is all iu vain if they still drink (hear, hear). It is waste of time to be talking to them of neatness of person, of | carefulness of children, of cleanliness of home, and of all such [ requisites of civilization. Poverty, unsought for, borne with j resignation, is a Christian virtue; but poverty brought on by { one's own sin is a crime against earth and heaven. In poverty ; unsought there will be yet thrift, tidiness of person, and cleanli- \ ness which indicates a cleair soul and a bright heart ; but with | intemperance you have dirt and slovenliness, you have disgusting \ rags. The girl or woman who drinks will never have the needle and thread that would have made of the poorest garment something ', neat and decent. And then the sin ! the sin ! We are Christians, we have souls, we know that every act of intoxication is a heinous i mortal sin that damns souls; we know that for every soul, for : every victim of intemperance, Christ died, and the Church holds in I her hands his redeeming blood. And are we to stand still with i folded arms while so many thousands and tens of thousands go down ;, to perdition ? What use in talking of the beauties of the Gospel of Christ when souls are so degraded that they are incapable of admir­ ing or loving those beauties. From drink come nearly always i The Misfortunes and Sins of your People. j Ask the poor woman in despair, What is the matter ? Oh ! \ the husband drinks. Ask the poor man coming home from his day's labor and stealing away from the little cottage, rushing i somewhere for a moment's peace, What was the matter? ; Oh ! the wife, who should have prepared the neat meal, who j should have stood on the threshold to welcome back her | partner, the father of her family, had been drinking. Go to tlie reformatories and asylums and ask little ones whence they come? From drunken homes. Go to your streets and ques­ tion the victims of sin what brought them thither? Oh! a

k»gaam!HPjaniiBm!l!»mr.5!M!<;mw.mgaw.,!~piiia«alla^^ II drunken home. One of the incidents, I may say, that drove me to work for Total Abstinence was this : I knew a fair-haired, bright-eyed girl, as innocent and pure as the driven snow; one day I was told she was in the penitentiary, and I went to her and I said. What brought you here ? She said, The father and mother drank ; I could not stay at home, and-I had to go out to the midst of the wickedness of the world. What will be the national life of Ireland if the people drink ? Many of them have the right of suffrage, and the coming age is the age of democracy, when every man will have a vote. If the voters of the land are the victims of the saloon, are they capable of honest, intelligent citizenship? If they are slaves of the saloon, will they not vote for the interests of the saloon ? And with such a constituency, good God! what of the nation? Oh! how I listen enraptured at times to the word-^" Ireland a Nation" (hear, hear). People talk to me of the aspirations of the Irish people. What is the use ? Why speak of aspirations, of future hopes, until you have taken away from the laud the enem)' of all those aspirations and of all those hopes ? Patriotism is a virtue com­ mended by and blessed b)'Heaven. Patriotism is not mere words, it is not will-o'-the-wisp efforts. It is steadfast devotion to the true interests of the land, even at great personal sacrifice (ap­ plause). I hear of men ready to give up their lives for their country. It may be, but I cannot believe they are so ready to give up their lives for the country When they cannot give up the Bottle, whether to preserve themselves from intemperance or to lead their countrymen to temperance (applause). And then the con­ stant use of those intoxicating liquors, as the best physicians will tell you, poisons the blood and shortens life. Men who drink beyond the most limited quantities are always imbibing poison. It is a question simply of more or less. Their efforts are weak­ ened and their lives are shortened. People complain at times that the population of Ireland is being drained by emigration. It is also, I tell you, being drained by liquor, for the lives of many are shortened, the health of many broken, and down they go to early graves of sin and misery (hear, hear). And what is worse, the taste for liquor becomes inherited. Why, it is a question for the race. Pour out through the veins of the population of the

iiMiiiaBiaiffigaiagB^SgaaBBiiiaa^^ 12 land—through the veins of any race—poison, and what is to become of the race ? In the race of life with other peoples, the people who yield more than others to the use of alcohol will neces­ sarily fall behind, and will see wealth and influence passing from their hands. Oh ! it is well to think of the past; it is well, and I mingle witli you in talking of • . . . The days of old. Ere her faithless sons betrayed her, When Malachy wore the collar of gold, (applause). But the past is past ; this is a question of the pres­ ent and a question of the future (applause), and the one question for the Irish people at home and abroad is the question of sobriet)' (applause). Establish sobriety as habitual among them, and you can trust them for everything. But until sobriety has become a habitual fact we are simply losing our time in working in other directions for their welfare, temporal or spiritual. The race is passing away, weakened, enfeebled, and incapable of grasping op­ portunities. You are losing your time in mere talk, and giving to your enemies an excuse to show their continued scorn and con­ tinued persecution [applause]. None but sober men are worthy to be, or can be, free men. None but sober men, independent of the public-house, know how to vote intelligently, and know how to govern themselves and to govern their country [applause] Prove to the world your power of regeneration by eliminating for ever from the land intemperance, and your veriest enemies will say : " Oh ! they are a glorious people ; we dare not refuse them their rights—Ihey are worthy of self-government; let them have it" [applause]. I have heard it said: " Well, the evil is too great; nothing is to be done ; distillers and brewers own the land ; the public-house is governing ; the victims will serve the public- house, the people will drink." I have heard it said : " We de­ spair of doing away with drink." Ah! if I despaired of doing away with drink, then, friends, let me say in all candor I would despair of Ireland ; but no, never shall I despair of Ireland ; never shall I despair of the Irish race at home and abroad [loud applause]. I know of what magnificent materials they are made; I feel in every fibre of my soul that God has made them for great things. I know how necessary they are to civilization and to re-

^sssss^^smsssbimmm^mg^s 13 ligion, and therefore I feel that it is easy to lift them up from the use of intoxicating liquors, to save them from intemperance [ap­ plause]. Pessimism is the devil's art; whenever the devil intends that an evil shall be permanent he will put into the hearts of men despair and discouragement. He will say nothing can be done. When men say nothing' can be done to save the victim of intem­ perance, the demon laughs in infernal glee. We all know these poor victims. Give me an Irishman, or the son of an Irishman, no matter how low he is, I can save him [applause], I found them in the slums of cities ; I found them in jail; I found them amidst every peril, and never found one that I could not mould into a citizen and a Christian. I notice everywhere in Ireland the Irish­ man's love for things holy and sacred ; I have gone through the streets of your cities ; through the roads of your country districts. I was not known; I was simply by my garb seen to be a minister of God. And what Reverence was shown io Me! Oh ! a people capable of all that may well be lifted up, and why should we, their priests and their leaders, not strive to lift thetn up [applause]. And besides, where has a serious effort been made without success of some degree—some large degree attending that effort ? What Father Mathew did others may do ; the people are the same ; they have the same love for God, the same hatred for sin, the same afiection for their families. I am afraid that you in Ireland do not know the honor in which, across every ocean and continent, the name of Father Mathew is held. The name of Father Mathew is a word to conjure by for God and humanity [applause]. In every city and village of America, across every settlement of the Western prairies, mention Father Mathew, and the name is loved and inspir­ ation comes therefrom. The work that Father Mathew did may be done again. Let us have not one Father Mathew but hundreds aud thousands of them. Let us try, and if earnest efforts fail after five years, I will agree that we despair of conquering the evil, and then let us despair of Ireland [hear, hear]. In America somS thirty years ago the name of Father Mathew was evoked from the silence into which it had fallen. Since then we have maintained amongst Catholics the Catholic Total Absti­ nence Union of a hundred thousand members, and outside the Union there are oiher Father Mathew societies, and throusrh the 14 labors of such organizations immense good has been done among the Irish in America. Much, no doubt, remains yet to be done; but what has been done gives us courage to continue to work, until fullest success crowns our labors. I could bring you to large Irish settlements in my own State of Minnesota throughout which you would not find one public-house, and not one man who would taint his lips with intoxicating liquor [applause]. I visited a set­ tlement some time ago, and some men gathering around me said in gleeful play: " Archbishop, you had some trouble some years ago to get US to take the pledge." "Nothing," I replied, "is done without trouble." "Well," they said, "you would have much more trouble now to get us back to where the devil had us " [laughter and applause]. I could tell you of city after city in America where rarely would you find over a whisky-shop a Celtic name. Celtic names, they say, are made for better things [ap­ plause]. And, indeed, throughout the whole population of the United States the temperance movement is meeting with won­ drous success. We have secured in its favor Public Opinion. To show the sign of intoxication is to merit social ostracism. One of the most potent elements alongside of the Catholic movement has been the society of American women called the American Wo­ men's Christian Temperance Union. Give me the women of the land, and I own the land [applause]. We have triumphed over the opposition of the traffic. We have secured laws in most of the States of America which help us immensely. In most of the States to-day to open a drink-shop, or as we call it, a saloon, a man must pay in cities on the ist of January one thousand dollars and in the country places five hundred dollars, and he must take out that license in his own name—the man who attends the saloon—so that if he runs his saloon in a manner contrary to the law he loses his license; and if the brewer had advanced the money to him, the money goes with the ill-behavior of the fellow tending the saloon [applause]. We have laws prohibiting the opening of saloons within very long distances from churches or schools. We say to the traffic: "You cannot come near the school-house; your breath tells of hell, and it must not taint the youth of the land.'* We say: "You must get away from the churches ; the devil cannot walk side by side with Almighty

"'''•^'•""MMlWaSI^^ 15 God." And then, in many places, we don't allow saloons amongst the residential portions of the city. We keep them down in the business districts, and when the laborer or mechanic goes home after his day's work, if he wants to pay tribute to the devil, he has to walk a mile or two miles to do so. A Voice—Are they open on Sundays? Archbishop Ireland—On Sunday we say the man of business closes his store. The steamboat and the railroad machine pause, and why should there be a privilege for the whisky man ? [Ap­ plause.] In far the greater number of our cities and villages the saloon-keeper must turn the lock in his door, and allow at least one day's rest in the week to the poor unfortunate victims of his despotism. But We are moving Forward, and we shall not rest until everywhere in America liquor- shops shall be hermetically closed every Sunday. We close, too, all whisky and beer shops on election days, so that the voter must go sober to the polls. W^e are determined in America that the evil shall not exist without strong and continuous protest. We have brought it into politics, and again and again is the man shelved who we have reason to fear is a servant of the liquor-traffic. And what has been done in America may be done anywhere, and indeed this fight against alcoholism is going the round of the world [hear, hear]. Conti­ nental nations that some years ago paid little attention, or were afraid to do so, are rising up aud saying something must be done. The anti-alcohol agitation has attained a wondrous force in Swit­ zerland, in France, in Belgium, and in Germany even. And of course in Ireland much is being done. I have heard here and there of your Leagues of the Cross. God bless them ! I have heard with deepest delight the care bestowed by bishops and priests in pledging the youth of the land, the children in confirma­ tion classes, to Total Abstinence. I have heard of efforts ; but let me say in all frankness, I would wish to hear of efforts ten thou­ sand times stronger-. The evil is terrific. I grant it. Therefore the uprising against it must be terrific. It is to-day a question of life or death to the people, of life and death to tens of thousands of souls. It is a question of national honor, of national life ; and no ordinary methods will suffice. In the history of God's Church,

ffiiBar.mMmmwm5sayjmvigirgg.!!n?m---Bn--3^^ i6 in the history of civilization, whenever a great evil is striding forth over the land special measures are taken. Some eight centuries ago Mohammedanism was in possession of holy places and was threatening Christendom. And all Chris­ tendom rose to save the Holy Sepulchre and push back Moham­ medan despotism, and the Crusades came forth. The cry of en­ thusiasm aud exultation came from Christendom ; why should we not have a crusade to-day ? Why, when the word of sobriety is named, every Irishman aud every Christian should feel instinc­ tively that he should buckle on his stoutest armor in battle against the enemy of religion and country. I appeal to the Lovers of Holy Church. Oh ! how needed for her are the Irish people at home and abroad. It is a fact that in English-speaking countries—and these English-speaking countries encircle the globe—the welfare of the Catholic Church is in the hands of the Irish race. Just as they go forward, so does she ; just as they recede, so shall she. For her sake, then, let us use all the energies of soul and body, let us make the sacrifices needed ; even, if necessary, give our very lives to stem the terrible tide of intemperance, and present before the world the Irish race as the most sober race on God's earth, worthy of being children of St. Patrick, worthy of having the glorious supernatural mission of carrying the faith wherever goes the English language. I appeal to Irishmen in the name of Ireland. Some thirty years ago I began the work in St. Paul. I •was succeeding very well, owing to the generous hearts and strong faith of the people to whom I was appealing. However, down in a street called Minnesota Street there were some ten or twelve Irishmen who boasted that Father Ireland, whatever he might do, could not touch Minnesota Street. One man particularly made that boast. I can use his name, as I knew him for thirty years, the zealous apostle of Total Abstinence, anji am sure that from Heaven, whither he went a little while ago, he is willing to have the story told for the good of the cause. John Shortall was the leader in Minnesota Street, and he said: "No, nothing can be done here ; we shall have our liberty "—liberty to drink them­ selves to death, sell themselves to the saloon and its keeper. One day I met John Shortall. He was half-drunk, but more than half- full of good sense, for it takes a deal of drunkenness to drive out

aiuiuiHiwiHiiimiiuuuuiiifiunB iaaiiMaiiiaiiwaBaMBaBM 17 the good sense from an Irishman (applause and laughter), and he said : " You cannot do anything in Minnesota Street." A bright thought struck me. I said: "John, I have been reading lately some interesting news from Kilkenny "—John was from Kilkenny (laughter). He said, "Sweet Kilkenny!" (laughter). I saw my opportunity. I replied : " Will you do me a favor for the sake of sweet Kilkenny?" "Yes—anything," he said (laughter). " Very well, take the pledge for the sake of sweet Kilkenny " (ap­ plause). His quick answer was, " You have me" (applause and laughter). From that day there was in St. Paul no more pious Catholic, there was no more loving father, there was no happier man than John Shortall. Eight months ago he was near his end, and I went to see him. He said: "Archbishop, I am blind; I cannot see you ; I pray that the light of Heaven may be upon your soul; I pray for you everyday"; and he went to Heaven. He was a saint, because for the sake of sweet Kilkenny he had taken the pledge [loud applause]. This evening I go beyond the borders of Kilkenny [hear, hear]. There is a name greater and sweeter, for it covers four millions, besides the millions that have gone away from the shores of this country—it is a name, oh ! that was loved by martyrs and apostles of old ; it is a name under the charm of which patriots went cheerfully to the scaffold [hear, hear, and applause] ; it is a name which has attuned to sweetest music the lips of orators and poets [hear, hear] ; it is a name which Holy Church loves and admires; it is a name that tells of ten thousand noble qualities—the name is Ireland [applause]. Now, for the sake of sweet Ireland, let her sons from the Cove of Cork to the Giant's Causeway, from Dublin Bay to the Isle of Arran, say, '' We will put down intemperance that Ireland be ' great, glorious, and free ! ' " [applause]. I put the question to all Ireland : I ask. Where is the Potency of Patriotism? I ask, where is the generosity of your martyred sires ? I ask, what can you do for your race at home and abroad ? I speak to you on behalf of millions of people who do not live in Ireland. I say to you, we love you ; we love every smiling vale, and every wooded dell, and every purling rill of your land. We love every layer of the soil, for every layer of the soil is saturated with the blood of martyrs and heroes ; we love her

ifei™jmmaa»iaa^!BBsaeaaa^^ 1 ^^ I sons and daughters for all that they are and all that they can be. i We depend so much upon what you are that if you but just make i an effort the news will cross the oceans, and the children of your I fellow-countrymen will rise up aud say: "We shall not be nu­ ll worthy of our brothers at home, and we too will war against in- i temperance"; and throughout America and Australia, the isles I of the Pacific, India, Ceylon, the children of Ireland will witness a I most glorious triumph for Ireland, for humanity, for religion, for i God [applause]. What is to be done ? Ah ! what is to be done ? II -• To fight the enemy at every step. Each one must begin that him- i self. The doctrine of apostles is, "Let us practise what we I preach" [hear, hear]. It was the glory of Father Mathew that I he understood that doctrine [hear, hear, and applause]. He be- i gan his labors for the sobriety of the people ; but he was not suc- 1 ceeding. Some good Quaker said to him : " Oh, Father Mathew, if dost thou practise Total Abstinence?" "Well," said Father ii Mathew, "I take a little punch." "Oh, then, thou shalt not p succeed." " Very well," said Father Mathew, "I understand"; and he, the disciple of St. Francis, the saint of mortification; he, the lover of the people, the priest of God's Church, the Irishman —he cried out : "Here goes, in the Najiie of God! " From that moment he succeeded. F'rom that moment Father Mathew's word was a potent .spell. Yes, from that moment he succeeded. Let us not beguile ourselves aud say, after all it is moderation that is required ; Total Abstinence is the extreme. Well, I am not talking in an abstract world ; I am not talking scholastic or theoretical words ; I am talking of the concrete world in which we live, and I say, to free ourselves Total Abstinence is what we ought to practise. When intemperance is so rife as it is to-day, when temptations to drink, even to excess, are so frequent and so pressing, Total Abstinence is far the strongest and the wisest, the safer course. By the practice of Total Abstinence we gain much and we lose nothing. What do we lose in giving up whisky, and porter, and wine ? Listen not, my friends, to the specious argu­ ments, but question Science : the best medical science will tell you that it is all bosh to say that liquor is needed for health [hear, hear, and applause]. Question the insurance societies that keep

BwKaHH^uMwiwBWBMimiBmHiaimimnmiw^MM^^ 19 a. separate book for the moderate drinkers aud for total abstainers ; they will tell you that the chances for long life are by far for the total abstainers. Question the masters of the most difficult work­ shops, and they will tell you that the best workers are the total abstainers [applause]. One day I was walking through one of the largest foundery works in Philadelphia, and having noticed the different things, the master of the place, who was accompanying me, said : " Now I must bring you where we only have total ab­ stainers at work," It was the great furnace. " All your people, all yottr friends ! None but total abstainers come here to work." "Why?" I asked. Why? ah, why? "Because the total ab­ stainers can best endure the heat." It was true, they were all total abstainers. The greatest physician iu America to-day. Dr. Davis, of Chi­ cago, has said that he never employs iu all his practice an intoxi­ cant (applause), because there are other remedies that do as well, and the other remedies never leave a harmful trace behind them. You say : " Oh, the physician tells me wine and whisky are good for my health." The physician is making game of you; he knows that what you want is a bottle of wine or a glass of whisk}', and he pleases you. But get the best physician and ask him in conscience: "Can I get along without it?" He will say: " Yes." See the total abstainers, how well they are, how youth­ ful in their old age, how strong of hand and foot. It is the illu­ sion of the demon to tell you that you need alcoholic drink. At any rate we do not live for ourselves, aud it is a fact that for the multitude in whose favor I evoke your pity, your charity, nothing but Total Abstinence will do. Go down to your miserable lanes, see men and women, and boys and girls thronging the drinking- shops, and say to them, "Take it in moderation." Comedy of comedies ; you are wasting your time. They cannot stop any­ where. There is but one salvation for them: to close hermeti­ cally their lips against the intoxicating 'liquid. And then what is needed to bring the multitudes to practise Total Abstinence? There is needed I The ISxample of Total Abstainers, who will give to Total Abstinence the prestige of respectability. Wear the pledge, the pledge of honor and worth, yourselves ; do not mock these poor people by telling them : "You must take the pledge ; 20 I cannot get along without it." Say, as the great Manning said : " I have taken the pledge; do take the pledge you." What do you give up but the pleasure of a moment ? What! do you hesitate to move for the salvation of the people because you are held back b}' j'our love for a little drink? You say I wish to have my liberty. I allow you your liberty, the liberty to lay down for ever intoxicating liquor, and to have the satisfaction that you have made some sacrifice for God, for Church, for souls, and be able to say, I have done something for my crucified Saviour. If martyrs were needed for the Faith you would say, "Here we are." Mart3'rs are needed; martyrs who can make a sacrifice of sensuality, of the pleasure of stomach and palate. It cannot be but in the land of martyrs men would be found to take the pledge for God's sake, for the sake of Church and of souls, for the sake of Erin, of Erin's sons and daughters. The salvation of the people is not in the power of the victims them­ selves. It is in the power of the governing classes, In the Power of the Influential People, Have you influence, have you authority in church or state ? You are the man I want; you are the man to be the apostle. A man may say, "Well, I never got drunk." You are just the man I want for an apostle. A man may say, " Ah, but I take so little." Exactly the man I require ; it will be so easy for you to take nothing [laughter]. Give me the men of influence, and then Total Abstinence is respectable. You will say Total Abstinence is not the normal condition of society. Bosh ! Total Abstinence is the condition we need for Ireland to-day. Do not waste your time on moral disquisitions. When the people are sober you can take up your moral theologies and your scholastic hair-splittings, and your moral disquisitions can go on. I speak to all, priests and laymen. You are all made soldiers of Christ in confirmation. On to the battle-field ! Do not, I pray you, be telling me what you would do if the Crusades were back amongst us; how readily you would go to Jerusalem, if necessary. Keep away from the liquor-shop and away from the use of intoxicating liquors, and I will believe you are capable of being Crusaders • [hear, hear]. Public opinion, which is now so strong against Total Abstinence, will change. Public opinion rules everything. When God ow:is it, it is all right. When the devil owns it, it is 21 all wrong; and the devil owns it to-day [hear, hear, and laughter]. Why IS it, then, that sometimes, ay often, you laugh at Total Abstinence, and aid in putting public opinion in alliance with in- teiuperauce, in making the demon of alcohol the ruler of the people? Is it not that you laugh at the poor fellow who sa3's he has taken the pledge, and tell him that his health will break down ? God for­ give you ; I scarcely can. Oh, that sneer at good ! Of course, a genuine man pays no attention to it. The genuine man says : "I am, in a sense, better pleased to be alone ; I can go alone with ni)' own feet and head and soul." That is the right spirit of a hero. Public Opinion will Change with the Effort and will favor Total Abstinence. You say we can do nothing with­ out some law. Surely you ought to have some law in Ireland to prevent this excessive consumption of intoxicating liquor. When I started the Total Abstinence campaign, the saloon-keepers in Minnesota said they would starve me out; but when they said that I told them I was getting on better than ever, as I did not have to give alms to so many wretched families, and when the victims of drink were made sober they gave me generously of their means [hear, hear]. We tried the law, and where before a saloon-keeper paid fifty dollars for a patent to kill, they have to pay a thousand in cities and five hundred in country districts [applause]. You beat long ago the Norwegians at Clontarf, but you are now beaten by them in the making of laws against drinking. The Norvi'egians made laws that they would not have a drinking-shop for less than one thousand people in every city. If they had only a saloon for every thousand people iu Cork how man)' liquor-dealers would have to go out, instead of building themselves on the blood of the laborer and the mechanic ! [hear, hear]. America is the country of liberty. God bless it! But what is liberty? It is the pro­ tection of man's rights, it is the protection of man's labor, it is the protection of man's property, it is the protection of the woman and the child, it is the protection of the poorest in the community ; and we are determined that the flag of liberty will float over a free people, over a people to whom the rights of life and the rights of soul are safeguarded. Liberty ! oh, give it to me ! It is God's gift to man. Liberty is the death of despots everywhere, and the man who fattens on the wages of miserable idiotic men and women is the most cruel of despots and must be put down in the name of

isaaa-iaanicass.ai-amnffiiaw! 22 I Liberty. The liquor-traffic must be put down, for it is the death- j knell of Liberty [hear, hear]. , l| Well, now, what must you do ? i| Do something, in God's Name. 1 I Let Ireland rise up as one man and say, from the highest I authorities, temporal and spiritual, down to the poorest of the • I poor ; We shall put down intemperance, in the name of God and I in the name of country ! Then you will present before the nations ,'' •I -. of the world a spectacle that will gain for you their esteem and I love, and that will merit for you the enjoyment of your rights, the i' I ' enjoyment of the fullest liberty, aud the world will say the Irish j I people are worthy of all that can be given to them (applause). •• I What I complain of is that so little is done. Why listen to tem- (. i perance speakers, and say it is true what they preach, and then j I go back and do nothing ? Why read those terrible statistics of S I courts and prisons, and do nothing ? Why bewail the poverty \ I of thousands, and do nothing ? Why fold >'Our arms, and say f I nothing can be done to save the Irish people ? Oh! blasphemy it \ p is to speak in this manner. Is it that nothing can be done be- ( Ii cause so much is needed to do it ? What is needed to do it ? ! I Personal Total Abstinence (applause). And who will dare say i he is not capable of that little sacrifice for the sake of Ireland, for i the sake of H0I3' Church, for the sake of humanity, and for the ] sake of God ? Do it! Rise up ! I appeal to the Irish people at '• home and abroad, and especially to the Irish people at home, f Somebody, no doubt, will say. How impertinent of that ( foreigner to come here aud speak to the Irish people in this man- J ner. Well, I am accustomed to answer : What care I about [ what people say of me ? What I care for is the social elevation j of Ireland, What I care for is the welfare of Ireland, and as one loving her, as one ready to bow down in deepest sacrifice before [ Ireland, as one who has but one object in life, to work for God 1 and for souls, I bid Ireland, in God's name, to | Renew the Work of Father Mathew. i I bid her to have organizations. I bid her to form soldiers of [ the cause. I appeal from the depths of my heart to those whose office gives them influence and power, to those whose ; I words are ever hearkened to by the Irish people—the priests \ I of Ireland ; I appeal to them to renew the spirit, the work | i • • 23 Ox Father Mathew (loud applause). Ireland sober is Ireland free. O God ! what a vision worth}' of the smiles of angels 1 Ireland redeemed; what a triumph for religion throughout the world ! O St. Patrick ! O all the sainted sous and martyrs of Ireland ! pray for us ! Pra)' that we may rise up to the full sense of our duty, the full realization of our mission ; that the work of Father Mathew may be again renewed in Holy Ireland. [Loud aud pro­ longed applause, during which his Grace, who had spoken for an hour and fift)' minutes, resumed his seat.]

The City High Sheriff proposed a vote of thanks to his Grace, aud said that the large audience had given unmistakable testi­ mony of their affection, esteem, and high admiration for him [applause]. He paid a tribute to the eloquent address of his Grace, and hoped that he would long be spared to labor in the cause of temperance [applause]. Mr. Maurice Healy, M. P., in seconding the vote of thanks, expressed the pleasure it gave him as one of the representatives of the city to take the humblest part in the great treat which they had been honored with that night. He was not going to enter upon any elaborate eulogium of the character or intellect of the man who had addressed them. He would not praise his elo­ quence, his intellect, and would not tell them of his many years of work for Ireland and for religion. He would please Arch­ bishop Ireland more, he thought, by telling him that the words that he had uttered would ring not merely throughout the city of Cork, but from end to end of Ireland [hear, hear]. He was afraid that the war-cry which proclaimed that it was the duty of the American Catholic to keep out of the drink-trade could not yet be preached throughout the length aud breadth of the land; but he, for one, and he spoke only for himself, would gladly wel­ come the day when it would be possible for Irish Catholics to proclaim the same saving doctrine. He thought he would please the Most Rev. Lecturer also if he told him that, though they could not claim that public opinion in the country was so decisively on the side of temperance as it should be, uotwithstanding it would be an exaggeration of our evil acts if we were to let it go forth that public opinion in the country was on the side of intemperance. The worst that can be

asamgJimM'asBaiiimBiiaw^ 24 said of Ireland was that public opinion was not as acti-v'tlj' on liie side of temperance as it should be, and as, please God, the lecture I of to-night will assist it to be (applause). It was sufficient for II hitn to say, and he thought in saying it he was voicing the feelings lis of every man and woman iu the audience, that it would be an evil I day indeed for Ireland, and Ireland would deserve to be spoken of || in terms which he hoped would never be applicable to her, if it P was possible to speak of Archbishop Ireland in the terms in which P he referred to himself, as a foreigner amongst them [hear, hear]. II •• He was bone of their bone and fiesh of their flesh [loud applause] . 11 ' He had not forgotten that he was an Irishman, and his name and 11 fame were dear to Ireland and dear to them in the city of Cork II [loud applause]. The Mayor, in putting the vote of thanks, took the liberty to remind Archbishop Ireland that the two sitting members for the city in Parliament were total abstainers, and that the High Sheriff was also a total abstainer. A Voice—What about the Mayor ? The Mayor—He never drank iu his life [laughter and ap­ plause] . .. The motion was carried with acclamation. His Grace, on rising to return thanks, was again greeted with an ovation, the audience rising and cheering and waving hats and handkerchiefs. He said it was an honor to receive words of friendship and cordiality from the officials of this great city, from '^ its Mayor, its High Sheriff, and its Members of Parliament, and || it was pleasing to him to know that these three gentlemen were devoted to Total Abstinence and that they won their places not caring for the liquor-traffic (applause). No doubt there are in Ireland numberless men no less devoted to Total Abstinence ; the only trouble, however, being that they do not speak out loud enough, and do not -war vigorously enotigh against the intemper­ ance of others. The best thanks the audience could give him was to work in the holy cause. When God would permit that he pii I should again tread the holy soil of Ireland might he be able to behold the standard of Total Abstinence aloft on high over the soil of Ireland, with tens of thousands of her sons thronging around it! [applause]. He cordially thanked the Mayor for the esteemed compliment he had paid him in saying that he was not 'and never would be a foreigner in Ireland. His Grace was accompanied to the Imperial Hotel bj' the Workingmen's and Butter Exchange bands. i

BaiiS3!lllS!iSilBiE35ISSS!!ii!5i£^SS2BE