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Forest Floor Plants to Flower in Mid-Summer

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Forest Floor Plants to Flower in Mid-Summer Draft Ontario’s Native Plant Catalogue June 9, 2020 Forest Floor Garden - mostly shade Almost all forest plants benefit from at least a little sun. It is almost impossible to grow a good garden under a Norway Maple (dry, deep shade with aggressive competition from the copious keys). Note that plants under a deciduous forest canopy expect full to dappled sun in the spring, then dappled to full shade once the leaves are out. This shade is often referred to as Deciduous Shade. Also, the Full Shade in a deciduous forest is sometimes referred to as High Shade and under coniferous or evergreen trees as Deep Shade. Unless it is specified otherwise in the plant’s habitats, a deciduous forest is assumed. The second line of each Entry specifies by numbers the regions in which the plant is native: 1 - southwest Ontario from Windsor to Toronto and from Goderich to Niagara-on-the-Lake; includes London, Hamilton, Burlington, Oakville, Mississauga, Toronto. 2 - north of region 1 to region 3; includes Kitchener-Waterloo, Cambridge, Guelph, Barrie 3 - the Bruce Peninsula and around the south shore of Georgian Bay to/including Collingwood. 4 - regions York, Durham, and Northumberland. 5 - Prince Edward County and along the St. Lawrence River to the Québec border. 6 - from Lake Simcoe across to the Ottawa River; Kawartha Lakes, Peterborough, Ottawa. 7 - from Georgian Bay across to the Ottawa River, plus Manitoulin Island and up the coast of Georgian Bay to just past Sault Ste. Marie; Parry Sound,North Bay, Sudbury, Temagami. 8 - the far northeast; includes Cobalt, Timmins; Kapuskasing is on the western border. 9 - the far north central (north of Sault Ste. Marie); Hearst; Kapuskasing is on the east border. 10 - the far northwest; Rainy River, Lake of the Woods, Kenora, Thunder Bay, Lake Nipigon, Terrace Bay, Wawa. For the photos on website www.minnesotawildflowers, click on any one to see all of them enlarged. For www.michiganflora.net, click on “All Images”. The complete catalogue with all Internet Links active (pointing to beautiful photographs) is available for free at www.frontyardrestoration.com. Permission is not required to quote from, print, or distribute free of charge (except to recover expenses) any part of this work, so long as the source is acknowledged: Ontario’s Native Plant Catalogue, © John Boydell; June 9, 2020. www.frontyardrestoration.com FF-1 Forest Floor Flowers Flowers Wood Anemone Nightcaps, anémone à cinq folioles Anemone quinquefolia all; not Manitoulin District -deciduous to coniferous open woods thickets, forest edges/thickets, forests, glades; disturbed habitats, clearings, roadsides; floodplains, stream banks, lake shores; occasionally swampy woods, Cedar swamps. >Part to Deep Shade; appreciates some Sun. Rich, moist to mucky to average soil. Accepts rocky/ sandy to silty and acidic. >4-8'' A low, delicate plant with a single, but showy, white to pinkish bloom (early spring) held prominently above the foliage. The blossom is up to 1” across and composed of 5 or more petal/sepals. One of the earliest forest bloomers. Being at the end of slender stalks the flowers tremble in the breeze and, reportedly, cause people to fall in love. It closes at night, re-opens during the day to welcome pollinators, and then once pollinated remains closed. Very chaste. The flower stalk rises from a whorl of 3-5, delicately lobed leaves, each leaf also at the end of a slender stalk. All this trembling is why Anemones are sometimes referred to as the Windflower (anemos = wind). Aggressive; often forms large colonies via rhizomes, making it a good Ground Cover. May go dormant during summer heat. A plant may take up to 5 years or longer to flower. Buttercup family. Variety quinquefolia is also native. https://www.saskwildflower.ca/nat_Anemone-quinquefolia.html http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=225 http://www.borealforest.org/herbs/herb2.htm https://www.florelaurentienne.com/flore/Groupes/Spermatophytes/Angiospermes/Dicotyles/033_Renonculacees/ 08_Anemone/quinquefolia.htm ]https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/anemone/quinquefolia/ https://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/31 https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/wood-anemone https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2360 https://www.lakeforest.edu/academics/programs/environmental/courses/es203/anemone_quinquefolia.php https://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/plants/woodanemone.html https://www.dnr.illinois.gov/education/CDIndex/WoodAnemone.pdf White Wood Aster Heart-leaved Aster, aster à rameaux étalés, aster divariqué Eurybia divaricata 1 5; Threatened -deciduous to mixed forests (often Sugar Maple, American Beech, Red Oak, White Oak, Black Oak, Shagbark Hickory, Basswood),forest edges, glades; disturbed habitats, trailsides, roadsides. >Part to Full Shade. Rich, dry to average, well-drained soil. Accepts juglone. Deer resistant. >1-3' The many flat-topped clusters of bright, white blooms (early fall) are long lasting and brighten up the shade and dusk by seeming to glow. They have long narrow petals and a cluster of yellow stamens in the centre that together create a gentle star effect. Lush, arrow-shaped leaves near the top of the stem and heart-shaped leaves nearer the base have large, coarse teeth on their edges. The stem is dark- coloured, slender, on the short side, and sometimes mildly zig-zagging. Attracts pollinators in fall and seed eaters in winter. This is an aggressive plant which is what you need in difficult dry shade. Makes a good Ground Cover for a difficult site. A threatened species partly due to habitat lost to the alien Garlic Mustard. Aster family. http://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/plants/whitewoodaster.html https://uwaterloo.ca/astereae-lab/research/asters/eurybia/eurybia-divaricata FF-2 Forest Floor Flowers http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=316 https://caroliniancanada.ca/sites/default/files/File%20Depository/bmp_pdfs/BMP%20White%20Wood%20Aster.pdf https://www.ontario.ca/page/white-wood-aster https://www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/virtual_sara/files/plans/rs_white_wood_aster_e_proposed.pdf https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/eurybia/divaricata/ https://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/206 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=h170 Red Baneberry actée rouge, pain de couleuvre, poison de couleuvre Actaea rubra all -deciduous to coniferous forests, glades, thickets, open woods (often Pine, Spruce); shady swales, stream banks, swamp edges, seeps. >Dappled to Moderate to Deep Shade. Rich, moist to average, poorly-drained, moderately acidic soil. Accepts sandy to clayey, acidic to neutral/calcareous, and juglone. Deer resistant. >1-2’ Very similar to White Baneberry (below) but the berries are glossy bright red (rarely white), the dot in the “eye” is smaller, the flower/berry stalks are slenderer, the bloom/berry clusters tend to be more compact, and also it tolerates a broader range of coniferous sites and moister sites. The shiny berries persist into late fall to brighten the dull forest floor. A handsome plant with a bit of panache. Often found together with White Baneberry. Buttercup family. Subspecies rubra is also native; Arguta is not. https://www.saskwildflower.ca/nat_Actaea-rubra.html http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=18 http://www.borealforest.org/herbs/herb1.htm http://www.repertoirequebecnature.com/vasculaires/Actaea_rubra.html http://floreduquebec.ca/english/actaea%20rubra http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/siteofficieldumontroyal/vegetal-indigene/actee-rouge https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/actaea/rubra/ http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/5 https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/red-baneberry https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2356 http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/woodland/plants/rd_bnberry.html https://www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org/pages/plants/redbaneberry.html White Baneberry Doll’s-eyes, actée à gros pédicelles, actée blanche Actaea pachypoda all, as far north as the southeast shore of Lake Superior (Algoma District) -deciduous (occasionally mixed; rarely coniferous) forests, glades, ravines, thickets, shaded seeps, thinly wooded bluffs, bases of bluffs. >Dappled Sun to Medium Shade to Full Shade. Very rich, moist to average, well-drained soil. Accepts acidic, clayey, and juglone. Deer resistant. >1-2' Tight, oblong clusters (to 3” long) of small, white, feathery blooms (late spring) are held distinctly above the foliage. They mature into more elongated clusters of showy china-white berries (held out on bright red, thick stalks: pachypoda) with a purplish dot at the end making them look like doll’s eyes. They have a distinct seam down their long axis. A short, compact yet bushy plant with large, sharply (softly) toothed compound leaves with a crinkly look. Good for Naturalizing. There are also White Baneberrys with red berries. Life is heck. Buttercup family. http://ontariowildflowers.com/main/species.php?id=19 http://www.northernontarioflora.ca/description.cfm?speciesid=1001368 www.frontyardrestoration.com FF-3 Forest Floor Flowers http://floreduquebec.ca/english/actaea-pachypoda https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/actaea/pachypoda/ https://www.ct-botanical-society.org/Plants/view/4 https://www.adirondackalmanack.com/2009/08/white-baneberry-the-eyes-have-it.html https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/white-baneberry https://michiganflora.net/species.aspx?id=2355 http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/woodland/plants/doll_eyes.htm
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