Determination of Colour and Heat Level of Some Resistance Sources and Improved Pepper Genotypes
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Paprika—Capsicum Annuum L.1 James M
HS637 Paprika—Capsicum annuum L.1 James M. Stephens2 Paprika is a type of mild pepper that is dried, ground, and used as a spice. Most of the paprika peppers grown in the United States have been introduced from southern Europe. In areas where grown, selections have been made for color, shape, and thickness of pods, and flavor of the ground product. Some of the local selections have become fairly well established as to type, but none as varieties. Processors have developed varieties for dehydration, but these are not available for public planting. The so-called Hungarian paprika is grown more widely in the United States than any other. Spanish paprika is also grown but to a lesser extent. Figure 1. Paprika pepper. Description Credits: James M. Stephens, UF/IFAS Hungarian paprika produces fruits that are 2–5 inches long, Culture depending on the strain. The shape varies from conical In Florida, very little paprika is grown, although like other (pointed) to oblong (tapering), and walls are usually thin. peppers it appears to be well adapted here and to other Some strains are more pungent (hot) than others, but most pepper-growing areas of the South. Years ago it was grown are mild. There appears to be great variability in the strains commercially in South Carolina and Louisiana. of paprika coming directly from Hungary. Some are much smaller and rounder than the United States selections Paprika is started from seed, early in the spring as soon as already described. frost danger has passed. Plants are spaced 12 inches apart in rows 3 feet apart. -
Reimer Seeds Catalog
LCTRONICLCTRONIC CATALOGCATALOG Drying Hot Peppers HP320‐20 ‐ Achar Hot Peppers HP321‐10 ‐ Aci Sivri Hot Peppers 85 days. Capsicum annuum. Open 85 days. Capsicum annuum. Open Pollinated. The plant produces good yields Pollinated. The plant produces good yields of 3 ¼" long by 1" wide hot peppers. Peppers of 7 ½" long by ½" wide Cayenne type hot are hot, have medium thin flesh, and turn peppers. Peppers are medium hot, have from green to deep red when mature. The medium thin flesh, and turn from light plant has green stems, green leaves, and yellowish‐green to red when mature. The white flowers. Excellent for pickling and plant has green stems, green leaves, and seasoning spice. A variety from India. United white flowers. Excellent drying, pickling, and States Department of Agriculture, PI 640826. seasoning powder. An heirloom variety from Scoville Heat Units: 27,267. Turkey. HP21‐10 ‐ Afghan Hot Peppers HP358‐10 ‐ African Fish Hot Peppers 85 days. Capsicum annuum. Open 85 days. Capsicum annuum. Open Pollinated. The plant produces good yields Pollinated. The plant produces good yields of 3" long by ½" wide Cayenne hot peppers. of 1 ½" long by ½" wide hot peppers. Peppers are very hot, have medium thin Peppers are medium‐hot, have medium thin flesh, and turn from green to red when flesh, and turn from cream white with green mature. The plant has green stems, green stripes, to orange with brown stripes, then leaves, and white flowers. Excellent for to red when mature. The plant has Oriental cuisine and for making hot pepper variegated leaves. An African‐American flakes and seasoning spice powder. -
Bioactive Extracts of Capsicum Chinense in the Northern Amazon, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 75, 433-438 DOI:10.3303/CET1975073 434
433 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 75, 2019 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.cetjournal.it Guest Editors: Sauro Pierucci, Laura Piazza Copyright © 2019, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-72-3; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1975073 Bioactive Extracts of Capsicum chinense in the Northern Amazon a a b b Karla S. Morais , Bruna S. Morais , Lucianne B. O. Vilarinho , Poliana C. Chagas , Ana C. G. Reis Meloc, Jacqueline A. Takahashid, Antonio Alves de M. Filhob,e aDepartment of Health, IFRR, Boa Vista Campus, CEP 69.303-340, Boa Vista-RR-Brazil. bPost-Graduate in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Roraima, Paricarana Campus, CEP 69304-000, Boa Vista, Roraima. cPost graduate in Natural Resources Program, Federal University of Roraima, Boa Vista-RR-Brazil. dDepartament of Chemistry, Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. eDepartament of Chemistry, UFRR, Paricarana Campus, CEP 69304-000, Boa Vista-RR-Brazil. [email protected] The objective of this work was to analyze the bioactive potential of hexane and methanol extracts of fruits of Capsicum spp., a kind of pepper collected in Roraima, Brazil, against the yeast Candida albicans, as well as antioxidant activity and antiacetylcholinesterase inhibition. The antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of the fruits was 82%. The antiacetylcholinesterase activity was high in the hexane extract reaching 71%. Hexane extract of the fruits did not present inhibition for Candida albicans. The present study demonstrated the efficacy of Capsicum spp. as a natural antioxidant and the presence of active chemical constituents that can aid in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. -
College of Basic and Applied Sciences
University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh COLLEGE OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES MICROBIAL INACTIVATION BY GAMMA IRRADIATION OF POWDERED SUN-DRIED LEGON-18 PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) AND ITS IMPACT ON PRODUCT QUALITY BY BERNARD TAWIAH ODAI THIS THESIS IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEGREE IN FOOD SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE July, 2019 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to the Glory of God and to the memory of my late daddy, Julius Nii-Odai who was a source of motivation to me in my academic endeavour. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincerest and profound gratitude to the Almighty God for bringing me this far in my career. I am grateful to all my supervisors for their support throughout this study. Grateful for their inputs. Thanks to the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission especially, Prof. B. J. B. Nyarko, Prof. K. E. Danso and Mr. A. Adu-Gyamfi for the permission granted me to pursue the programme. I am highly indebted to Mr. M. L. Akye and Mr. C. Bonsu of Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) for the various assistance offered during the period of working in the Bacteriology Department of the Institute. I am grateful for the assistance offered to me by the staff of the Central Laboratory at KNUST, Dr. -
“Jalapeño” “Habanero”
https://www.seedsavers.org/search? keywords=wisconsin%20lakes https://www.seedsavers.org/jalapeno-traveler- strain-pepper https://www.seedsavers.org/red-habanero- pepper https://www.seedsavers.org/learn#growing- Only collect seed from isolated guides peppers when growing more than one DIY isolation bags: http://www.realseeds.co.uk/ variety. pepperseedsaving.html “Wisconsin Lakes” For ALL pepper varieties, harvest http://wlkr.org/2009/10/02/saving-seeds-from- peppers/ peppers that are fully ripe, red, and (Capsicum annuum) starting to soften before collecting seed. “Jalapeño” Slice open pepper and separate seeds (Capsicum annuum) from the core. “Habanero” If saving seed from a hot pepper, use gloves and do not touch your eyes or (Capsicum chinense) breathe in fumes. Rinse seeds well and spread on a coffee filter, screen or newsprint to dry. Fully dry pepper seeds will snap in half when ready for storage in airtight containers. Pepper seeds will last up to 3 years when stored in a cool, dry location. 101 Second Street SE, Rochester, MN 55904 02-2020 507.328.2309 | www.rplmn.org Cut peppers from the plant with scissors or Cross-pollination will result in seed knife to prevent breaking branches and that won’t produce the same type of damaging the plant. fruit as the parent plant. To avoid cross-pollination, grow only one variety in a species. Sweet peppers are eaten raw in salads Grow “Wisconsin Lakes” or Start seeds indoors, planting them ¼ and sandwiches. “Jalapeño” as they are both Capsicum inch deep in potting soil. annuum. Spicier peppers are used in salsas and can Keep soil warm and moist, in an area be preserved by pickling. -
Menu 1 JAPANESE VS CHINESE BUFFET DINNER
Menu 1 JAPANESE VS CHINESE BUFFET DINNER APPETIZER/SALAD Seasonal seaweed, Marinated baby octopus, Boiled snow beans, Taro with Thai chili sauce, Honey dew melon Prawn, Deep fried bean curd with spicy and sweet sauce, Fried eggplant with dengaku sauce, assorted fresh lettuce, cucumber Japanese, tomatoes cherry, Slice of onion, corn kernel ** Served with Japanese wafu sauce, Sesame dressing, Thousand Island dressing, Caesar dressing, French dressing, Vinaigrette sauce *** SOUP Boiled wantan dumpling with vegetables soup *** SUSHI COUNTER Salmon sashimi, Tuna sashimi, White tuna sashimi, Cucumber roll, Egg roll, California roll, River eel roll, Egg mayo gunkan, Salmon mayo gunkan, corn mayo gunkan, Inari sushi Served with Soya sauce, Wasabi, Pickle Ginger *** TEPPANYAKI AND SHABU-SHABU COUNTER Chicken thigh, Fish, Prawn, Beef, Squid, Mix Vegetables ** Fish ball, Squid ball, Crab ball, Prawn ball, Cocktail sausage, Chicken ball, Chikuwa, Fish cake, Hard boil egg, Quail egg, Fuchuk, Prawn, Crab stick, Narutomaki, Sausage, Tauhu pok, Taro, Carrot, Lotus root, Ladies Finger fish cake, tau pok fish cake, eggplant fish cake, Green capsicum, Red capsicum, Yellow capsicum, Enoki mushroom, Shimeji mushroom, Shitake mushroom, Iringi mushroom, Oyster mushroom, Squid Fresh, Clam, Green half shell mussel, Cockle ** Cha soba, Yamaimo soba, Sanuki udon, Maggie, Chee Chong Fun ** Miso soup, Kim Chee soup, Chicken soup, Bonito soup ** Served with Goma tare sauce, Ponzu sauce, Japanese momeji chili sauce, teriyaki sauce, Chili sauce, Tomato sauce, Japanese -
Effect of Organic Fertilization on Capsaicin Content in Trinidad
253 A publication of CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS VOL. 58, 2017 The Italian Association of Chemical Engineering Online at www.aidic.it/cet Guest Editors: Remigio Berruto, Pietro Catania, Mariangela Vallone Copyright © 2017, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l. ISBN 978-88-95608-52-5; ISSN 2283-9216 DOI: 10.3303/CET1758043 Effect of Organic Fertilization on Capsaicin Content in Trinidad Scorpion (Capsicum Chinese) Peppers: Preliminary Results Niccolò Pampuroa*, Vincenzo Tebaldoa, Debora Fabbrib, Paola Calzab, Maria a a Giulia Faga , Eugenio Cavallo a Institute for Agricultural and Earth Moving Machines (IMAMOTER), Italian National Research Council (CNR) – Strada delle Cacce, 73 – 10135 Torino (TO), Italy b Department of Chemistry, University of Turin - Via P. Giuria, 5/7 - 10125 Torino (TO), Italy [email protected] Capsaicin is a pungent capsaicinoid responsible for the “hot and spicy” taste of chili peppers and pepper extracts. It is a valuable pharmacological agent with several therapeutic applications in controlling pain and inflammation. Emerging studies show that it displays patent anti-tumor activity in several human cancers. A mesocosm experiment was set for testing the influence of the organic fertilization on capsaicin content in Capsicum chinense cv Trinidad Scorpion. Pelletized organic fertilizer from the composted solid fraction of pig slurry (OF) was compared to a mineral fertilizer (MF) and a mixture of organic pellets and mineral fertilizer (OMF). The study investigated the effects of a single application of 2 different doses of nitrogen (38 kg ha-1 and 76 kg ha-1). Peppers were grown and fertilized according to the different treatments and after 500 days from the seeding fruits were collected and their capsaicin content was detected by means of the High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. -
Peppers, Tomatoes & Tomatillo (Not in the Catalog)
PEPPERS, TOMATOES & TOMATILLO (NOT IN THE CATALOG) Botanical Name Common Name PEPPERS Capsicum annuum 'Corno di Capra' Goat Horn Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Escamillo Hybrid' Capsicum annuum 'Fish' Fish Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Golden Greek' Peperoncini Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Horizon' Sweet Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Jimmy Nardello' Italian Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Lipstick'' Sweet Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Paradicsom Alaku Sarga Szentes' Sweet Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Pumpkin Spice' Jalapeno Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Purple Beauty' Sweet Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Purple UFO' Sweet/Hot Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Sandia' NuMex Pepper Capsicum annuum 'Shishito' Sweet/Hot Pepper Capsicum baccatum 'Aji Lemon Drop' Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense '7 Pot Brain Strain Yellow' 7 Pot Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense '7 Pot Bubblegum' 7 Pot Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense '7 Pot Douglah ×Butch T" 7 Pot Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense '7 Pot Katie' 7 Pot Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense '7 Pot Orange' 7 Pot Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense '7 Pot Yellow' 7 Pot Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Aji Jobito' Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Bhut Jolokia White ' Ghost Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Carolina Reaper' Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Chocolate Naga Viper' Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Congo Yellow Trinidad' Habanero Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Orange Tree' Habanero Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Pink Tiger' Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Red Savina' Habanero Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Scorpion ×Reaper' Scorpion Hot Pepper Capsicum chinense 'Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Red' Scorpion Hot -
Plant Breeding of Chili Peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae) – a Review
Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 10(15) October 2016, Pages: 148-154 AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN:1991-8178 EISSN: 2309-8414 Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com Plant breeding of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae) – A review 1Henrique Kuhn Massot Padilha and 2Rosa Lía Barbieri 1Federal University of Pelotas, Crop Science Dept., Capão do Leão, RS - Brazil. 2Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Genetic Resources Dept., Pelotas, RS - Brazil. Address For Correspondence: Henrique Kuhn Massot Padilha, Federal University of Pelotas, Crop Science Dept, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, S/N - CEP 96160-000, Capão do Leão, RS - Brazil. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Background: Peppers is one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Western Received 26 August 2016 Hemisphere. Long before the arrival of Columbus in Americas, indigenous already Accepted 10 October 2016 used peppers as food, as war artifacts and in religious rituals. Capsicum genus has Published 18 October 2016 perfect flowers where male and female reproductive structures are in the same flower. Domesticated peppers (Capsicum) are diploid and predominantly perform self pollination. In comparison level, the size of C. annuum genome is around three to four Keywords: times larger than tomato. The hot pepper genome shared highly conserved syntenic Genetic resources, Genetic diversity, blocks with the genome of tomato, its closest relative within the Solanaceae Family. Genetic variability. Objective: This article has reviewed the plant breeding of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Results: Genetic diversity of peppers are large, allowing alternatives to several new gene rearrangements. Thus, methodology employed will depend of the feature that aims to achieve in pepper genetic breeding. -
Carotenoids of Capsicum Fruits: Pigment Profile and Health-Promoting Functional Attributes
antioxidants Review Carotenoids of Capsicum Fruits: Pigment Profile and Health-Promoting Functional Attributes Norazian Mohd Hassan 1,* , Nurul Asyiqin Yusof 2, Amirah Fareeza Yahaya 1, Nurul Nasyitah Mohd Rozali 1 and Rashidi Othman 3,4 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; [email protected] (A.F.Y.); [email protected] (N.N.M.R.) 2 Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Malaysia; [email protected] 3 International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Herbarium Unit, Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environment Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia; [email protected] 4 Department of Landscape Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-9-570-4937 Received: 23 August 2019; Accepted: 5 October 2019; Published: 9 October 2019 Abstract: Pepper of the Capsicum species is a common ingredient in various food preparations by different cultures worldwide. The Capsicum is recognised by its five main domesticated species, namely Capsicum annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens and C. pubescens. The genetic diversity in Capsicum offers fruits in wide ranges of morphology and carotenoid profile. Carotenoids enhance the value of pepper from a nutritional standpoint, despite being commonly prized for the pharmacologically active pungent capsaicinoids. Carotenoids of pepper comprise mainly of the unique, powerful and highly stable capsanthin and capsoroubin, together with β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin and violaxanthin. These carotenoids are present at diverse profile and varying levels, biosynthetically connected to the fruit maturity stages. -
Hot Peppers and Specialty Sweet Peppers
Center for Crop Diversification Crop Profile CCD-CP-101 Hot Peppers and Specialty Sweet Peppers Cheryl Kaiser1 and Matt Ernst2 Introduction Hot peppers, also known as chili (or chile) peppers, owe most of their “heat” or pungency to a chemical substance called capsaicin. This chemical is concen- trated in the cross walls of the fruit and around the developing seeds. Chili peppers can be mild to fiery hot, depending on the amount of capsaicin present. The amount of capsaicin in peppers is measured in Scoville Heat Units (SHU). Currently, the hottest pep- per is considered to be the ‘Carolina Reaper’ which has 2.2 million SHUs. A combination of genetics and environment are responsible for the amount of heat in hot peppers. Peppers that do not contain capsa- icin, such as bell peppers (0 SHUs), are considered “sweet.” In addition to the hot types, other specialty HABANERO PEPPERS peppers include sweet varieties of unusual shape, size HABANEROS (Capsicum chinense) are extremely hot and/or color. peppers that are small and lantern-shaped. They are light green to bright orange when ripe. Types of Hot and Specialty Sweet Peppers Unless otherwise noted, the following peppers are ITALIAN or CUBANELLE types are sweet to mildly hot, classified as the speciesCapsicum annuum. long, and somewhat flattened. These flavorful peppers change from yellow-green to orange, and then to red ANAHEIM peppers, also known as NEW MEXICAN CHILE, as they ripen. are a mild to hot pepper that are considerably longer than jalapeños. They are bright green to red when JALAPEÑO peppers range from sweet to mild to very fresh and brownish red when dried. -
Red Jalapeño Peppers, and Allow Its Substitution When an Organic Alternative Is Unavailable
United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service | National Organic Program Document Cover Sheet https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/organic/national-list/petitioned Document Type: ☒ National List Petition or Petition Update A petition is a request to amend the USDA National Organic Program’s National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances (National List). Any person may submit a petition to have a substance evaluated by the National Organic Standards Board (7 CFR 205.607(a)). Guidelines for submitting a petition are available in the NOP Handbook as NOP 3011, National List Petition Guidelines. Petitions are posted for the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. ☐ Technical Report A technical report is developed in response to a petition to amend the National List. Reports are also developed to assist in the review of substances that are already on the National List. Technical reports are completed by third-party contractors and are available to the public on the NOP website for Petitioned Substances. Contractor names and dates completed are available in the report. PETITION TO THE NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM AND NATIONAL ORGANIC STANDRADS BOARD FOR RED JALAPEÑO POWDER PEPPERS TO BE ADDED TO THE NATIONAL LIST SECTION 205.606 Item A Mazazul Organics Organic and PVEG request that you amend the National List, Section 205.606, to include non-organic Red Jalapeño Peppers, and allow its substitution when an organic alternative is unavailable. Item B 1. Common Name: Red Jalapeño Chile Botanical/Latin Name: Capsic um annuum 2. Manufacturers’ Name, Address and Telephone PIVEG S, DE R.L. de C.V.