February 10–April 28, 2019 William Shakespeare's

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THE S. MARK TAPER FOUNDATION PRESENTS A NOISE WITHIN’S REPERTORY THEATRE SEASON STUDY GUIDE William Shakespeare's OTHELLO February 10–April 28, 2019 STUDY GUIDES FROM A NOISE WITHIN A rich resource for teachers of English, reading, arts, and drama education. Dear Reader, We’re delighted you’re interested in our study guides, designed to provide a full range of information on our plays to teachers of all grade levels. A Noise Within’s study guides include: • General information about the play (characters, synopsis, timeline, and more) • Playwright biography and literary analysis • Historical content of the play • Scholarly articles • Production information (costumes, lights, direction, etc.) • Suggested classroom activities • Related resources (videos, books, etc.) • Discussion themes • Background on verse and prose (for Shakespeare’s plays) Our study guides allow you to review and share information with students to enhance both lesson plans and pupils’ theatrical experience and appreciation. They are designed to let you extrapolate articles and other information that best align with your own curricula and pedagogic goals. More information? It would be our pleasure. We’re here to make your students’ learning experience as rewarding and memorable as it can be! All the best, Alicia Green DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION Pictured: Geoff Elliott, Man of La Mancha, 2017. PHOTO BY CRAIG SCHWARTZ. Pictured: Leith Burke. Photo by Craig Schwartz. TABLE OF CONTENTS Lead Sponsor Lois Tandy Co-Sponsor Jeanie & Terry Kay Character Map ......................................4 Synopsis ...........................................5 About the Author: William Shakespeare ..................6 Special thanks to our Dinner On Stage donors who kept the arts thriving this year by Timeline of William Shakespeare’s Life .................... 7 supporting our Student Matinees (SMATs): Historical Context: Elizabethan Society ...................8 SMAT PERFORMANCE SPONSOR Backdrop to Othello: The Ottoman-Venetian War ..........9 ($5,000 AND ABOVE) Dr. Richard R. Green Alan M. & The Role of Race in Othello . 10 William & Sheila R. Lamson Priscilla Kennedy Richard & Sally Roberts Fear of the Other: Othello and Contemporary Society ..... 11 SCHOOL SPONSOR ($2,500 AND ABOVE) Heroes and Villains: Othello and Iago ...................13 Kathleen & Margaret H. Sedenquist Themes ...........................................14 James Drummy Rhodes & Liz Trussell Barbara Henderson “Give me the ocular proof”: Doubt and Racism in Shakespeare’s Othello . 16 CLASS SPONSOR ($1,000 AND ABOVE) Peter & Molly Bachmann Keith Miller Othello: Discrimination in the Military ...................19 Bill & Claire Bogaard Terri Murray Ginny & John Cushman Ms. Diana Peterson More Try Your Hand at Shakespeare .........................20 Armando Gonzalez & Rosemary S. Risley Words Coined by Shakespeare ........................ 21 Brenda Berg Daniel Rothmuller Sandy Greenstein, Lyn Spector The Art of the Shakespearean Insult ....................22 in honor of Ann M. Steinmetz Albert Greenstein Lois Tandy Pre-Show Preparation: Research .......................23 Ryan & Denise Jay Vickie Taylor Elyse Klein, in honor of Bill & Rebecca Woods Pre-Show Preparation: Activities .......................24 Terri Murray Essay Questions ....................................25 WORKSHOP SPONSOR ($500 AND ABOVE) Additional Resources ................................26 Ruth & Jim Dewar Rary Simmons Jack & Becky Doody Deborah Strang Diane Glatt & David Holtz Janice Ohta & Fred Weiss Jim Kelly A NOISE WITHIN’S EDUCATION PROGRAMS MADE POSSIBLE IN PART BY: Tom & Gloria Lang Ann Peppers Foundation The Jewish Community BUS SPONSOR ($350 AND ABOVE) Capital Group Companies Foundation Judi Barhydt Joan C. Mills Loren & Alice Brodhead Barbara Goen Michael J. Connell Foundation Kenneth T. and Meg Huntington Cajero Pete & Catherine Palermo Eileen L. Norris Foundation The Dick and Sally Roberts Robert & Joan Cathcart Richard & Sally Roberts Ralph M. Parsons Foundation Coachman Moore & Jose Rubio Coyote Foundation Associates, Inc. Louise Mayeri Spillman, Edison International Steinmetz Foundation Julie & Brian Daniels in honor of Dwight Stuart Youth Fund Victoria Degtyareva & Jack Spillman The Green Foundation Michael Bateman Mary I. Wilson Linda Dozier ADDITIONAL DONORS Elvio Angeloni Irene Lacher, in honor of Peter & Molly Bachmann Frances Lacher Janet Castro Jaye Scholl & Jason King Charlie Bohlen Elizabeth Kurila & Michael Mindlin, in honor of the Steinmetz Foundation 4 A NOISE WITHIN 2018/19 REPERTORY SEASON | Spring 2019 Study Guide Othello CHARACTER MAP Duke of Venice Brabantio The figure of authority in Venice. He sends Desdemona’s father, and a senator in Venice. Othello to take command in Cyprus in the He does not approve of Desdemona’s Venetian conflict with Turkey. decision to elope with Othello. Othello A respected general in the Venetian army. Desdemona Originally from North Africa, he has worked The daughter of Brabantio, a Venetian his way through the ranks of the Venetian senator. She elopes with Othello and joins army. He elopes with Desdemona, and him in Cyprus. travels to Cyprus where he commands the Venetian war effort against Turkey. Cassio Othello’s second in command. He gets tangled up in Iago’s schemes. lago Othello’s ensign. He is a jealous soldier who Emilia believes he deserved a promotion instead of Iago’s wife and Desdemona’s attendant. She Cassio. In response to Cassio’s promotion, is pragmatic and loyal. Iago devises a plan to exact revenge on Cassio and Othello. Roderigo Bianca A Venetian gentleman in A courtesan and Cassio’s love with Desdemona. mistress in Cyprus. Montano Gratiano Lodovico The governor of Cyprus. He A kinsman of Brabantio A kinsman of Brabantio had command in Cyprus until who travels to Cyprus who travels to Cyprus with Othello arrived. with Lodovico. Gratiano. Clown Comedic servant to Othello and Desdemona. 5 A NOISE WITHIN 2018/19 REPERTORY SEASON | Spring 2019 Study Guide Othello SYNOPSIS Iago, an ensign in the Venetian army, is not pleased Desdemona seems overly fond of Cassio. Shortly with his military commander, Othello. Othello, a Moorish after, Iago happens to acquire the first gift Othello general who worked his way up the ranks of the Venetian gave Desdemona: a handkerchief with strawberries army, has recently promoted Michael Cassio to a embroidered on it. Iago plants the handkerchief in lieutenant position instead of Iago. Iago has heard that Cassio’s lodging, thereby planting “proof” of the affair Othello recently eloped with Desdemona, the daughter between Cassio and Desdemona. At Iago’s suggestion, of Brabantio, a Venetian senator. Out of his disdain for Othello begins to watch Desdemona closely, and grows Othello, Iago conspires to tell Brabantio of Desdemona’s angry and suspicious when she loses the handkerchief. secret marriage. The news of Desdemona’s wedding Iago goes further with his plan, arranging for Othello makes Brabantio furious, and he calls on a militia to have to overhear a conversation in which Cassio discusses Othello arrested. However, Brabantio’s plan to arrest his intentions with Bianca, his mistress. However, Iago Othello is interrupted when both Brabantio and Othello orchestrates the conversation in such a way to make receive summons from the Duke of Venice to attend an it sound as if Cassio is discussing his intentions with urgent late-night Senate meeting. A large Turkish naval Desdemona. Othello takes this conversation as the final fleet has been seen sailing towards Cyprus, an island proof that Desdemona has been an unfaithful wife, and under Venetian control, and the Senate must devise a Cassio an unfaithful friend. Othello orders Iago to kill plan for a military defense to ward off a Turkish invasion. Cassio and designs his own plan to kill Desdemona. The Duke decides to send Othello to take command Iago’s attempt to kill Cassio, however, is unsuccessful - of the Venetian forces in Cyprus. Despite the urgent Cassio escapes Iago’s ambush injured but alive. discussion of defensive strategies, Brabantio calls upon As Iago’s ambush unfolds, Desdemona gets ready for the Senate to punish Othello for tricking Desdemona into bed. She has noticed a terrifying change in her husband eloping with him. Othello defends his decision to marry who has become jealous and angry. After Desdemona Desdemona, saying that their love is true. Desdemona falls asleep, Othello enters and prepares to kill his wife. arrives at the Senate meeting and corroborates Othello’s Desdemona wakes, and Othello gives her one final claim. The Duke and the Senate are sympathetic towards chance to confess her sin of adultery before dying. Othello and Desdemona, and Brabantio’s cause is Desdemona maintains her innocence, and Othello dismissed. As the meeting concludes, Othello prepares to smothers her. Emilia sees Desdemona dead and calls travel to Cyprus immediately. for help. Iago rushes to the scene. Othello explains Sometime later, Desdemona, Cassio, Iago, and Emilia that he has evidence of Desdemona’s unfaithfulness - join Othello in Cyprus. A tempest has just swept through she had given her handkerchief as a token to Cassio. the seas near the island. The storm was so strong that Emilia confesses that she took the handkerchief from it caused great damage to the Turkish naval fleet and Desdemona and gave it to Iago who then planted it for caused its ships to be damaged and dispersed. Othello, Cassio to find. The extent of Iago’s schemes is revealed. who had been out at sea during
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