An Evaluation of Needs Assessment of Some Selected District Assemblies in Eastern and Ashanti Regions of Ghana by Ibrahim Sarfo
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AN EVALUATION OF NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF SOME SELECTED DISTRICT ASSEMBLIES IN EASTERN AND ASHANTI REGIONS OF GHANA BY IBRAHIM SARFO AHMED (BA (Hons.) Geography & Rural Development) A thesis submitted to the Department of Marketing and Corporate Strategy of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration (Strategic Management and Consulting). OCTOBER, 2015 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work towards the Masters of Business Administration and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person or material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University, except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. Ibrahim Sarfo Ahmed (PG9543513) ................................... .............................. (Student) Signature Date Samuel Yaw Akomea .................................. .............................. (Supervisor) Signature Date Dr. Ahmed Agyapong .................................. .............................. (Head of Department) Signature Date ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my grandmother and sister, Mariam Issah and Comfort Aboraa respectively, all of blessed memory. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am most grateful to God Almighty who through his miraculous ways given me peace and protection throughout my studies. My heartfelt thanks to Mr. Samuel Yaw Akomea my supervisor, whose numerous suggestions and guidance has made it possible for me to produce this work. I am also very grateful to Mr. Samuel Kwaku Boateng, USA and Miss Esther Oforiwah Boadi, Ghana and many individuals who have contributed meaningfully, directly and indirectly towards the successful completion of this programme. iv TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT ...................................................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ x ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Problem Statement ................................................................................................. 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study.......................................................................................... 4 1.4 Research Questions................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Significance of the Study ....................................................................................... 5 1.6 Scope of the Study ................................................................................................. 6 1.7 Overview of Methodology..................................................................................... 6 1.8 Organization of the Study ...................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................ 8 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Understanding Decentralization ............................................................................ 8 2.3 Overview of Decentralization in Ghana .............................................................. 11 v 2.4 The PNDC and Decentralization in Ghana .......................................................... 15 2.5 Defining Needs .................................................................................................... 19 2.6 Defining Needs Assessment ................................................................................ 21 2.6.1 Target Groups and Levels of Needs ................................................................. 22 2.6.2 Needs Assessment Tools .................................................................................. 24 2.6.2.1 Interviews ...................................................................................................... 25 2.6.2.2 Focused Group ............................................................................................... 28 2.6.2.3 Surveys and Questionnaires .................................................................... 31 2.6.2.4 Observation ............................................................................................. 32 2.7 Needs Assessment Framework ............................................................................ 33 2.8 Participatory Development .................................................................................. 34 2.8.1 Future of Participatory Development ............................................................... 35 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................... 37 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 37 3.1 Research Design .................................................................................................. 37 3.2 Sources of Data .................................................................................................... 37 3.3 Unit of Analysis ................................................................................................... 38 3.4 Population and Sample Frame ............................................................................. 39 3.5 Sample size .......................................................................................................... 40 3.6 Sampling technique ............................................................................................. 41 3.7 Data Collection Instrument .................................................................................. 41 3.8 Pilot Testing ......................................................................................................... 41 3.9 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 42 3.9.1. Brief Profile of the Study ................................................................................. 42 3.9.2 Kwahu South District (Existing Assembly) ..................................................... 42 3.9.2 Atwima Nwabiagya District (Existing Assembly) ........................................... 43 vi 3.9.3 Kwahu East District (New Assembly) .............................................................. 43 3.9.4 Asante Akim District (New Assembly) ............................................................ 44 CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................. 45 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ..................................... 45 4.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 45 4.1 Assembly and Unit Committee Members ........................................................... 45 4.1.1 Demographic Characteristics of Assembly and Unit Committee Members..... 45 4.1.2 Knowledge of District Assembly to Solicit Development Needs .................... 47 4.1.3 Number of years working as Member of the Assembly ................................... 48 4.1.4 Most Pressing Need of the Assembly ......................................................... 49 4.1.5 Needs that have been met by the District Assembly ........................................ 50 4.1.5 Project Relevance to the Society ...................................................................... 51 4.1.6 Community Consultation and Involvement in Needs Assessment ............ 52 4.2 Community Members .......................................................................................... 57 4.2.1 Demographic Information of Community Members ........................................ 57 4.2.2 District Assemblies’ Mandate .......................................................................... 59 4.2.3 Number of years of Living in the Community ................................................. 60 4.2.4 Personal Need Fulfilled without Hustle ............................................................ 61 4.2.5 Most pressing Need in the Community ............................................................ 62 4.2.6 Community Need Met .....................................................................................