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Redescripción De Metagyndes Roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954)

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Redescripción De Metagyndes Roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) Boletín Nahuelbuta Natural (Septiembre 2020) 6: 1 Artículo de Investigación Redescripción de Metagyndes roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) nov. comb. (Laniatores: Gonyleptidae: Pachylinae), con comentarios sobre el género Metagyndes Roewer, 1913 Redescription of Metagyndes roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) nov. comb. (Laniatores: Gonyleptidae: Pachylinae), with comments on the genus Metagyndes Roewer, 1913 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AEC9823E-301A-4959-B71F-29D7E96DEE0E 1 2 1 Jorge Pérez-Schultheiss , Alexander Otárola y Catalina Merino-Yunnissi 1Área de Invertebrados y 2Área de Educación, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Casilla 787, Correo Central, Santiago, Chile Resumen Abstract Gyndulus roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) is a gonyleptid of the subfamily Pachylinae recently confirmed as an endemic species of the Nahuelbuta mountain range. In this work, a redescription of its morphology is presented to complement the original description, describing for the first time some characteristics of the sexual dimorphism and male genital morphology. The information obtained allowed to discard the relationship of the species with the genus Gyndulus Roewer, 1929, also known from Brazil and Paraguay, confirming its affinity with the Chilean genus Metagyndes Roewer, 1913 and proposing the new combination Metagyndes roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) for the species. In addition, taxonomic comments based in literature on the genus Metagyndes are included and a key for the recognition of the species whose males are known is presented. Keywords: Opiliones, Chile, Nahuelbuta, Taxonomy, Gyndulus. Introducción La fauna chilena de opiliones del suborden Laniatores está dominada por un conjunto de géneros Autor de correspondencia endémicos de gonyleptidos actualmente asignados a la Jorge Pérez-Schultheiss, Área de Zoología de Invertebrados, subfamilia Pachylinae, cuya distribución se restringe Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Casilla 787, principalmente a los bosques templados asociados a la Correo Central, Santiago, Chile. [email protected] cordillera de los Andes y su área de influencia, entre los 35° y 55° de latitud sur. Sin embargo, esta región Recibido: 13 marzo 2020. Revisado: 24 marzo 2020. también incluye algunos taxones de distribución Aceptado: 28 mayo 2020. disjunta, cuyas especies están estrechamente relacionadas con componentes típicamente neotropi- cales, que habitan otras zonas de Sudamérica. Este patrón de distribución ocurre en diversos grupos de te una cámara Nikon D5300 provista de un lente Micro invertebrados acuáticos y terrestres de la fauna Nikkor 105mm f/2.8 G para animales completos y de chilena (e.g., Decápodos de los géneros Parastacus un adaptador Amscope de 2X para microscopio, con el Huxley, 1878 y Aegla Leach, 1820; coleópteros de que se fotografió los apéndices y la genitalia. Las los géneros Semiotus Eschscholtz, 1829a y Cono- imágenes obtenidas fueron apiladas mediante el gnatha Eschscholtz, 1829b), pero parece ser menos software Zerene Stacker y las láminas fueron frecuente entre los opiliones Laniatores, donde casi procesadas con Adobe Photoshop. Los dibujos fueron todos los géneros disjuntos reportados (e.g., realizados mediante el método descrito por Coleman Eugonyleptes Roewer, 1913; Temucus Roewer, (2006), usando apilados de fotografías en el software 1943; Phareicranaus Roewer, 1913), han sido Adobe Illustrator, con apoyo de observación descartados como errores taxonómicos o de etique- microscópica directa. Por último, el mapa fue genera- tado de especímenes (Pinto-da-Rocha & Bonaldo, do a través del software QGIS v3.10. 2012; Pinto-da-Rocha et al., 2012; Hara et al., 2014), excepto Gyndulus Roewer, 1929, cuya distribución actual abarca Brasil, Paraguay y Chile Resultados (Kury, 2003). Gyndulus fue descrito por Roewer (1929) para Orden Opiliones Sundevall, 1833 incluir a Gyndulus trispinifrons Roewer, 1929, Suborden Laniatores Thorell, 1876 recolectada en Matto Grosso, Brasil, y posteriormente reportada en Paraguay por Soares & Infraorden Grassatores Kury in Giribet et al., 2002 Soares (1985). La segunda especie del género, Superfamilia Gonyleptoidea Sundevall, 1833 Gyndulus curvitibialis Roewer, 1943, fue descrita por Roewer (1943) en base a tres especímenes Familia Gonyleptidae Sundevall, 1833 machos provenientes de Santiago de Chile. Esta Subfamilia Pachylinae Sørensen, 1884 especie, ahora denominada Gyndulus roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954), es apenas conocida por su Género Metagyndes Roewer, 1913 descripción y figuras originales, y el material tipo se consideró extraviado (Acosta, 1996); sin embargo, Diagnosis: Oculario provisto de un gránulo su reciente hallazgo en la cordillera de Nahuelbuta, cónico o apófisis generalmente corta, de posición permitió reunir numerosos ejemplares de ambos dorsomedial. Escudo mesotergal inerme, general- sexos (Pérez-Schultheiss et al., 2019), que fueron mente provisto de un par de pequeños gránulos empleados para revisar sus relaciones taxonómicas. paramedianos en el área III (puede haber una fila transversal de gránulos en el área IV). Tergitos En este trabajo, se presenta una redescripción de libres II y III con una espina cónica medial en Gyndulus roeweri y se propone la transferencia de hembras o en ambos sexos (e.g., M. martensii). la especie al género Metagyndes Roewer, 1913, con Fémur del pedipalpo inerme en la zona mesal distal. la nueva combinación Metagyndes roeweri (Soares Pata IV fuertemente dimórfica, más desarrollada y & Soares, 1954). Además, se entregan algunos ornamentada en machos adultos: coxa con una gran comentarios taxonómicos del género Metagyndes y apófisis prolateral apical. Trocánter provisto de un se presenta una clave para la identificación de las gránulo o prominencia en el margen prolateral, a especies cuyos machos son conocidos. partir del cual nace una apófisis decumbente en la base y curvada hacia el ápice. Fémur, patela y tibia Material y Métodos dorsalmente granulosas, provistas de apófisis, espinas o gránulos con formas y posiciones Los ejemplares examinados forman parte de la características para cada especie. Pene con el colección de Opiliones del Museo Nacional de proceso ventral del estilo sésil, corto y distalmente Historia Natural de Chile. El análisis morfológico y ancho, orientado diagonalmente hacia la zona disección de la genitalia fue realizado mediante los ventral; macrosetas basales ausentes. métodos estándar descritos por Acosta et al. (2007). La nomenclatura empleada sigue a Kury & Medrano Comentarios: El género Metagyndes Roewer, (2016) para la forma del escudo dorsal, a Pinto-da- 1913, forma parte de un grupo que incluye además Rocha (2002) para las espinas del pedipalpo, a al género Pachylus Koch, 1839, propio de Chile Ferreira & Kury (2010) para la formula tarsal y a central, Acanthopachylus Roewer, 1913, de Kury & Villarreal (2015) para las setas de la placa Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay (Kury, 2003) ventral del pene. Algunos individuos fueron fotografiados median- 2 Figura 1. Metagyndes roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) nov. comb. (macho JP-410, longitud total 7.74 mm): A, vista dorsal; B, vista ventral; C, vista lateral. y probablemente al género Acanthoprocta Loman, ornamentado con un gránulo, tubérculo cónico o 1899, del sur de Chile (Pinto-da-Rocha et al., apófisis, y el trocánter IV lleva una apófisis larga y 2013). Este conjunto de géneros, recientemente curva. denominado “grupo Pachylus”, comparte varios caracteres de la genitalia masculina (Acosta, 2020) Por otro lado, Acanthoprocta difiere de y correspondería a la subfamilia Pachylinae sensu Metagyndes principalmente por el menor desarrollo stricto, como fue sugerido por Pinto-da-Rocha et de la apófisis prolateral distal en individuos macho, al. (2013) en base a evidencia molecular. por la fuerte apófisis medial dirigida hacia atrás en el margen posterior del escudo dorsal y por la Entre los géneros chilenos del “grupo presencia de una apófisis en el opérculo anal. Pachylus”, Metagyndes es más similar a Pachylus; sin embargo, este último género difiere por su aspecto general más robusto, coloración más Metagyndes roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) oscura, por la presencia de una espina mesal distal nov. comb. en el fémur del pedipalpo y por la ausencia de ornamentos mediales en los tergitos libres, que Gyndulus curvitibialis Roewer, 1943: 16, lam. 1, fig 2; generalmente llevan gránulos paramedianos. Soares & Bauab-Vianna, 1972: 211 (restauración de la Además, en Pachylus la apófisis del oculario combinación original por implicación); Acosta, 1996: tiende a ser más larga y la apófisis prolateral dorsal del trocánter IV es corta y ancha; mientras 216 (sintipos en el Naturmuseum Senckenberg (SMF que en Metagyndes el oculario suele estar 9900984), no examinados). 3 Figura 2. Metagyndes roeweri (Soares & Soares, 1954) nov. comb. (macho): A, oculario, vista lateral; B, tíbia y tarso del pedipalpo, vista mesal ventral; C, setas del tarso del pedipalpo, vista ectal; D, escudo dorsal y coxas, vista dorsal. Vegas Blancas, comuna de Angol, provincia de Progyndes roeweri Soares & Soares, 1954: 292 Malleco, Región de la Araucanía, Cordillera de (nombre nuevo por homonimia secundaria con Nahuelbuta, 37°49'50,8''S, 72°52'7.2''W, 31-I-2019, Progyndes curvitibialis Roewer, 1917); Cekalovic, Col. J. Pérez-Schultheiss, Suelo del bosque, noche, JP- 1985: 23. 412B. 1 ♀: Sendero Rucapehuén, San Alfonso, Tirúa, Gyndulus roeweri Kury, 2003: 172; Pérez- Arauco, Región del Biobío 37°42'35''S, 73°10'17''W, Schultheiss et al., 2019:
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