DOCSLIB.ORG

A Russian Bank in the Khanate of Khiva of Novo-Urgench Branch of the Russo-Asiatic Commercial Bank B

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Russian Bank in the Khanate of Khiva of Novo-Urgench Branch of the Russo-Asiatic Commercial Bank B Вестник СПбГУ. История. 2020. Т. 65. Вып. 3 A Russian Bank in the Khanate of Khiva of Novo-Urgench Branch of the Russo-Asiatic Commercial Bank B. A. Alimdjanov, D. G. Yanchenko For citation: Alimdjanov B. A., Yanchenko D. G. A Russian Bank in the Khanate of Khiva of Novo- Urgench Branch of the Russo-Asiatic Commercial Bank. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Histo- ry, 2020, vol. 65, issue 3, рp. 790–813. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.306 Cotton farming, being one of the leading branches of economic activity of Turkestan of the beginning of the 20th century, attracted the attention of big investors of the Russian Empire. This article examines functioning of the Novo-Urgench branch of the Russo-Asian commer- cial bank (RACB) on the basis of the material from Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA): successful and unsuccessful operations, organizational structure, interaction with clients, and its influence on the regional market. The unique character of this branch of one of the larg- est Russian banks lay in that fact that it was the only lending and financial institution that expanded its operations throughout the entire oasis of Khiva, including territories that were under control of the Khan of Khiva. Both local political and economic elites and entrepre- neurs from Central Russia were clients and partners of the Novo-Urgench branch of the bank. Wide-spread liaisons allowed the institution to promptly conquer and maintain, even under conditions of a crisis, its niche on the market of financial services in Central Asia. On the threshold of the World War I, the bank attempted to monopolize cotton farming, working with big clients and even stimulating development of the processing industry. Novo-Urgench branch of the Russo-Asian bank provided help to the local merchantry trying to increase ex- port of raw cotton and to enter both Russia-wide and international markets. For the objective reasons of shortage of liquid assets, underdeveloped infrastructure of the region, swings in stock-exchange and problems with human resources, the Novo-Urgench branch of the Rus- so-Asiatic bank could not capture and control the Khivan market. During the war years, the Bakhtiyor A. Alimdjanov — PhD in History, Postdoctoral Student, Al-Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of Uzbekistan, 79, ul. M. Ulughbeka, Tashkent, 100179, Uzbekistan; Visiting Researcher, St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; [email protected] Бахтиёр Абдихакимович Алимджанов — канд. ист. наук, докторант, Институт Востоковедения им. Абу Райхана Беруни, Узбекистан, 100179, Ташкент, ул. М. Улугбека, 79; приглашенный исследова- тель, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт- Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9; [email protected] Denis G. Yanchenko — PhD in History, Аssociate Professor, St. Petersburg State University, 7–9, Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation; [email protected] Денис Геннадьевич Янченко — канд. ист. наук, доц., Санкт-Петербургский государствен- ный университет, Российская Федерация, 199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7–9; [email protected] The study was supported by the research grant No. 18-18-00142 “The Center and the regions: state economic policy on the outskirts of the Russian Empire (1894–1917)” of the Russian Science Foundation Исследование выполнено за счет средств проекта РНФ № 18-18-00142 «Центр и регионы: эко- номическая политика правительства на окраинах Российской империи (1894–1917)». © Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, 2020 790 https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.306 Central Asian periphery was under the influence of the problems characteristic of not only the banking sector, but Russian economy as a whole. Keywords: Russian-Asian Commercial Bank, Khanate of Khiva, Turkestan, cotton, alfalfa, Rus- sian Empire. Российский банк в Хивинском ханстве Ново-Ургенчского отделения Русско-Азиатского коммерческого банка Б. А. Алимджанов, Д. Г. Янченко Для цитирования: Alimdjanov B. A., Yanchenko D. G. A Russian Bank in the Khanate of Khiva of Novo-Urgench Branch of the Russo-Asiatic Commercial Bank // Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. История. 2020. Т. 65. Вып. 3. С. 790–813. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.306 Хлопководство, как одна из ведущих отраслей экономики Туркестана начала XX в., привлекало внимание крупных инвесторов Российской империи. В советской и со- временной историографии интерес к деятельности имперских банков на территории Центральной Азии обусловлен продолжающимися дискуссиями о роли и значении российского капитала в экономическом развитии региона. Зачастую для принятия ра- циональных долгосрочных финансовых решений представителям российского капи- тала на окраинах нужно было тщательно изучить специфику местной политической ситуации. В статье на основе материалов Российского государственного историческо- го архива подробно рассмотрено функционирование Ново-Ургенчского отделения Русско-Азиатского коммерческого банка: успешные и неудачные операции, органи- зационная структура, взаимодействие с клиентами, влияние на региональном рынке. Уникальность этого филиала одного из крупнейших русских банков в том, что он был единственным кредитно-финансовым учреждением, развивавшим свою деятельность по всему Хивинскому оазису, включая территории, подконтрольные хивинскому хану. Клиентами и партнерами Ново-Ургенчского филиала банка становились как предста- вители местной политической и экономической элиты, так и предприниматели из Цен- тральной России. Широта связей позволила этому учреждению в короткий срок заво- евать и сохранять даже в кризисных условиях свою нишу на рынке финансовых услуг в Центральной Азии. Накануне Первой мировой войны банк принял решение моно- полизировать хлопковую отрасль, работая с крупными клиентами и даже стимулируя развитие обрабатывающей промышленности. Ново-Ургенчский филиал Русско-Ази- атского банка оказывал помощь местному купечеству в попытках увеличить экспорт сырья и выйти не только на общероссийский, но и на международный рынок. В силу объективных причин (нехватка оборотных средств, слабая инфраструктура региона, биржевые колебания, кадровые проблемы) Ново-Ургенчский филиал не смог захва- тить и контролировать рынок Хивы. В годы Первой мировой войны влияние проблем, характерных для банковского сектора, как и для всей экономики России, в полной мере испытала и среднеазиатская окраина. Ключевые слова: Русско-Азиатский коммерческий банк, Хивинское ханство, Туркестан, хлопок, Российская империя. History of banks and banking in Turkestan has barely been researched, and where it has, it mostly shed light upon these aspects within the framework of the Soviet concept of “monopolistic capitalism”. Researchers have only fragmentarily studied operations of the Вестник СПбГУ. История. 2020. Т. 65. Вып. 3 791 State bank of the Russian Empire, Russo-Asiatic1 and Volzhsko-Kamski banks. It is not possible today to clearly evaluate and characterize activities and functioning of the banks of the Empire in Central Asia on the basis of the works by Soviet and post-Soviet histori- ans as they often contradict contemporary concepts of empire. According to a famous Soviet historian who researched the topic, A. S. Sadykov, “ac- tivities of the financial capital did not transform the character of the commodity-money and credit relationships which existed in Khiva in the past; they only created a certain hierarchy where almost all producers were subject to the banking capital (through mid- dlemen)”2. Given that, Z. D. Kastel’skaia argues “Russian capitalism created a vast system of banks in Turkestan to the end of exploiting the local economy”3. However, we favour N. B. Khotamov’s opinion, characteristic of late Soviet historiog- raphy: “Russian financial capital in its colony, the Central Asia… did not provide assis- tance to the local banks which emerged in the region independently of the Russian ones, and therefore remained weak and did not have a significant influence on the economic life”4. Nowadays, it is difficult to agree with the view that activities of merchants and entre- preneurs were a sign of emergence of “local industrial and commercial bourgeoisie” in the region which held strong economic position, where “connections and strong financial de- pendence on Russian commercial, industrial and especially banking capital did not allow it to become the monopolist in the commercial and industrial sector”5. Consequently, all above-stated ideas call for re-interpretation. The analysis of the sources and contemporary historiography on the subject enable to confidently maintain that it was virtually impossible to become a monopolist in the profiteering economy that developed in the Khanate of Khiva. Establishing routes of communication and building railroads indeed strengthened ties between central parts of the country and its economically backward outskirts, stim- ulated their involvement in the Russian market, promoted emergence and development of economic sectors (most of all, those related to cotton farming) previously unknown to Russia’s Central Asia, and even their entering the international market as T. M. Kitanina 1 Aminov A. M. Ekonomicheskoe razvitie Srednei Azii (Kolonial’nyi period). Tashkent, 1959. P. 272; Veksel’man M. I. Rossiiskii monopolisticheskii I inostrannyi kapital v Srednei Azii (konets XIX — nachalo ХХ v.). Tashkent, 1987. P. 35, 40–50, 62–67, 69–74, 82–83, 85–90, 93, 114–116, 119–120; Gindin
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of Water Use and Crop Allocation for the Khorezm Region in Uzbekistan Using an Integrated Hydrologic -Economic Model
    -Zentrum für Entwicklungsforschung- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn ANALYSIS OF WATER USE AND CROP ALLOCATION FOR THE KHOREZM REGION IN UZBEKISTAN USING AN INTEGRATED HYDROLOGIC -ECONOMIC MODEL Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. Agr.) der Hohen Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt am 19.11.2010 von Tina-Maria Schieder aus Bonn (Deutschland) Referent: PD Dr. P. Wehrheim Korreferent: Prof. Dr. B. Diekkrüger Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 16.03.2011 Erscheinungsjahr: 2011 Diese Dissertation wird auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver der ULB Bonn http://hss.ulb.uni.bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert. D98 Abstract Sustainable and efficient water management is of central importance for the dominant agricultural sector and thus for the population and the environment of the Khorezm region. Khorezm is situated in the lower Amu Darya river basin in the Central Asian Republic of Uzbekistan and the delta region of the Aral Sea. Recently, Khorezm has experienced an increase in ecological, economic and social problems. The deterioration of the ecology is a result of the vast expansion of the agricultural area (which began in the Soviet period in Uzbekistan), the utilization of marginal land and a very intensive production of cotton on a significant share of arable land. Supplying food for an increasing population and overcoming with the arid climate in Khorezm require intensive irrigation. However, the water distribution system is outdated. Current irrigation strategies are not flexible enough to cope with water supply and crop water demand, as both are becoming more variable. The political system, with its stringent crop quotas for cotton and wheat, nepotism, missing property rights and lack of incentives to save water, has promoted unsustainable water use rather than preventing it.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Ministry of Agriculture and Uzbekistan Agroindustry and Food Security Agency (UZAIFSA) Public Disclosure Authorized Uzbekistan Agriculture Modernization Project Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tashkent, Uzbekistan December, 2019 ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan CC Civil Code DCM Decree of the Cabinet of Ministries DDR Diligence Report DMS Detailed Measurement Survey DSEI Draft Statement of the Environmental Impact EHS Environment, Health and Safety General Guidelines EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ES Environmental Specialist ESA Environmental and Social Assessment ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FS Feasibility Study GoU Government of Uzbekistan GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism H&S Health and Safety HH Household ICWC Integrated Commission for Water Coordination IFIs International Financial Institutions IP Indigenous People IR Involuntary Resettlement LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement LC Land Code MCA Makhalla Citizen’s Assembly MoEI Ministry of Economy and Industry MoH Ministry of Health NGO Non-governmental organization OHS Occupational and Health and Safety ОP Operational Policy PAP Project Affected Persons PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCR Physical Cultural Resources PIU Project Implementation Unit POM Project Operational Manual PPE Personal Protective Equipment QE Qishloq Engineer
    [Show full text]
  • “Tashkent's Reforms Have Not
    “TASHKENT’S REFORMS HAVE NOT YET REACHED US” UNFINISHED WORK IN THE FIGHT AGAINST FORCED LABOR IN UZBEKISTAN’S 2019 COTTON HARVEST “TASHKENT’S REFORMS HAVE NOT YET REACHED US” UNFINISHED WORK IN THE FIGHT AGAINST FORCED LABOR IN UZBEKISTAN’S 2019 COTTON HARVEST 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 KEY FINDINGS FROM THE 2019 HARVEST 6 METHODOLOGY 8 TABLE 1: PARTICIPATION IN THE COTTON HARVEST 10 POSITIVE TRENDS 12 FORCED LABOR LINKED TO GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND CONTROL 13 MAIN RECRUITMENT CHANNELS FOR COTTON PICKERS: 15 TABLE 2: PERCEPTION OF PENALTY FOR REFUSING TO PICK COTTON ACCORDING TO WHO RECRUITED RESPONDENTS 16 TABLE 3: WORKING CONDITIONS FOR PICKERS ACCORDING TO HOW THEY WERE RECRUITED TO PICK COTTON 16 TABLE 4: PERCEPTION OF COERCION BY RECRUITMENT METHODS 17 LACK OF FAIR AND EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURAL LABOR SHORTAGES 18 STRUCTURAL LABOR SHORTAGES 18 LACK OF FAIR AND EFFECTIVE RECRUITMENT SYSTEMS 18 FORCED LABOR MOBILIZATION 21 1. ABILITY TO REFUSE TO PICK COTTON 21 TABLE 5: ABILITY TO REFUSE TO PICK COTTON 21 TABLE 6: RESPONDENTS’ ABILITY TO REFUSE TO PICK COTTON ACCORDING TO HOW THEY WERE RECRUITED 22 2. MENACE OF PENALTY 22 TABLE 7: PENALTIES FOR REFUSAL 22 TABLE 8: PERCEIVED PENALTIES FOR REFUSAL TO PICK COTTON BY PROFESSION 23 3. REPLACEMENT FEES/EXTORTION 23 TABLE 9: FEES TO AVOID COTTON PICKING 23 CHART 1: PAYMENT OF FEES BY REGION 24 OFFICIALS FORCIBLY MOBILIZED LABOR FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE HARVEST TO MEET LABOR SHORTAGES 24 LAW ENFORCEMENT, MILITARY, AND EMERGENCIES PERSONNEL 24 PUBLIC UTILITIES
    [Show full text]
  • History of Formation of Uzbek Dialects and Words Found
    ISSN: 2776-0960 Volume 2, Issue 5 May, 2021 HISTORY OF FORMATION OF UZBEK DIALECTS AND WORDS FOUND IN MODERN RURAL AND URBAN DIALECTS Atamurodova Kunduz Professor, Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy [email protected] Annotation Uzbek language has three dialects: Qarluq (Tashkent, Andijan, Fergana, Samarkand, Bukhara, Karshi) Kipchak (Samarkand, Jizzakh, Surkhandarya, Karakalpakstan, North Khorezm regions, dialects of Tashkent region of Turkmenistan) Oguz dialect (Urgench, Khiva, Xonqa, Hazarasp, Koshkopir, Shavat districts). These dialects have their own characteristics and history of formation. Uzbek differs from other Turkic languages by the large number of dialects. Keywords: Qarluq, Kipchak, Oguz, Chigatay dialect, Kipchak dialect, Oghuz dialect. Janubiy Xoazm dialekti,qurama shevalar Yozma manbalarda, jumladan, M. Qoshg‟ariy turkiy tillar 20 ta til va lahjalardan iborat ekanligini yozib, ularning nomlarini birma-bir sanab o’tadi; bular bijanak, qipchoq, o’g’uz, yag’mo, boshqirt, basmin, qay, yaboqu, tatar, qirg’iz, chigil, tuxsi, yag‟mo, ig’roq, joruq, yumul (jumul), uyg’ur, tung; o’t, tabg’ach, xitoy (DLT, 1, 64 - bet) «Xitoy - Chin» dir va tabg‟ach «Mochin» dir deb alohida izoh beriladi. «Devon» ning 65 – betida Chin va Mochinlarning musulmon emasligi hamda ularning maxsus o‟z tillari borligi qayd qilib o‟tilgan. «Devonu lug’otit turk» da qarluqlar qabilalar ro‟yxatida u chramaydi, lekin «Lug’at» da 9 joyda tilga olinadi. Demak, qarluq u paytda yetakchi qabila hisoblanmagan va yuqorida sanab o’tilgan qabilalar mavqeiga ega bo‟lmagan bo‟lishi mumkin.Shuning u chun bo‟lsa kerak, prof. S. Mutalliboyev qarluq qabilasining tilini o’g’uzlarga, yag’mo va4 chigillarga qo‟shish mumkinligini izohlab o‟tadi.
    [Show full text]
  • Kolkhozes, Sovkhozes, and Shirkats of Yangibazar (1960-2002)
    Cahiers d’Asie centrale 15/16 | 2007 Les islamistes d’Asie centrale : un défi aux États indépendants ? Kolkhozes, Sovkhozes, and Shirkats of Yangibazar (1960-2002): Note on an archival investigation into four decades of agricultural development of a district in Khorezm (Uzbekistan) Tommaso Trevisani Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/111 ISSN: 2075-5325 Publisher Éditions De Boccard Printed version Date of publication: 1 June 2007 Number of pages: 352-361 ISBN: 978-2-7068-1986-5 ISSN: 1270-9247 Electronic reference Tommaso Trevisani, « Kolkhozes, Sovkhozes, and Shirkats of Yangibazar (1960-2002): Note on an archival investigation into four decades of agricultural development of a district in Khorezm (Uzbekistan) », Cahiers d’Asie centrale [Online], 15/16 | 2007, Online since 22 April 2009, connection on 14 November 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/asiecentrale/111 © Tous droits réservés Tommaso TREVISANI Kolkhozes, Sovkhozes, and Shirkats of Yangibazar (1960-2002): Note on an archival investigation into four decades of agricultural development of a district in Khorezm (Uzbekistan) A provincial archive and the study of rural transformations in Khorezm1 Surrounded by cotton fields, at the outskirts of the small town Yangibazar (‘Raizentr’ of the homonymous district placed along the lower riversides of the Amudarya), the district (tuman/rayon) branch of the Khorezm state archive is located in an inconspicuous two-stored building of the 1980’s, half occupied by a pharmacy, and half filled with some 80.000 documents gathered together from various close-by administrations, enterprises and organizations (uzb. ‘tashqilat’). In this building, from spring until autumn 2004, I enjoyed the help and assistance of the staff of the archive, while I was collecting data helping me to bring a bit of historical depth into my investigations on the current evolutions in and around the villages of the district.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Districts of Uzbekistan
    Karakalpakstan SNo District name District capital 1 Amudaryo District Mang'it 2 Beruniy District Beruniy 3 Chimboy District Chimboy 4 Ellikqala District Bo'ston 5 Kegeyli District* Kegeyli 6 Mo'ynoq District Mo'ynoq 7 Nukus District Oqmang'it 8 Qonliko'l District Qanliko'l 9 Qo'ng'irot District Qo'ng'irot 10 Qorao'zak District Qorao'zak 11 Shumanay District Shumanay 12 Taxtako'pir District Taxtako'pir 13 To'rtko'l District To'rtko'l 14 Xo'jayli District Xo'jayli Xorazm SNo District name District capital 1 Bog'ot District Bog'ot 2 Gurlen District Gurlen 3 Xonqa District Xonqa 4 Xazorasp District Xazorasp 5 Khiva District Khiva 6 Qo'shko'pir District Qo'shko'pir 7 Shovot District Shovot 8 Urganch District Qorovul 9 Yangiariq District Yangiariq 10 Yangibozor District Yangibozor Navoiy SNo District name District capital 1 Kanimekh District Kanimekh 2 Karmana District Navoiy 3 Kyzyltepa District Kyzyltepa 4 Khatyrchi District Yangirabad 5 Navbakhor District Beshrabot 6 Nurata District Nurata 7 Tamdy District Tamdibulok 8 Uchkuduk District Uchkuduk Bukhara SNo District name District capital 1 Alat District Alat 2 Bukhara District Galaasiya 3 Gijduvan District Gijduvan 4 Jondor District Jondor 5 Kagan District Kagan 6 Karakul District Qorako'l 7 Karaulbazar District Karaulbazar 8 Peshku District Yangibazar 9 Romitan District Romitan 10 Shafirkan District Shafirkan 11 Vabkent District Vabkent Samarqand SNo District name District capital 1 Bulungur District Bulungur 2 Ishtikhon District Ishtikhon 3 Jomboy District Jomboy 4 Kattakurgan District
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2101.03073V1 [Physics.Soc-Ph] 8 Jan 2021 Physical Measurements Such As Weight Or Size of Objects Are Always Confined to Specific Scales
    Association between population distribution and urban GDP scaling Haroldo V. Ribeiro1,*, Milena Oehlers2, Ana I. Moreno-Monroy3, J¨urgenP. Kropp2,4, Diego Rybski2,5,y, 1 Departamento de F´ısica,Universidade Estadual de Maring´a{ Maring´a,PR 87020-900, Brazil 2 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research { PIK, Member of Leibniz Association, P.O. Box 601203, 14412 Potsdam, Germany 3 OECD, 1 Rue Andr´ePascal, 75016, Paris, France; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Chatham St, Liverpool L69 7ZT, United Kingdom 4 Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany 5 Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA * [email protected], y [email protected] Abstract Urban scaling and Zipf's law are two fundamental paradigms for the science of cities. These laws have mostly been investigated independently and are often perceived as disassociated matters. Here we present a large scale investigation about the connection between these two laws using population and GDP data from almost five thousand consistently-defined cities in 96 countries. We empirically demonstrate that both laws are tied to each other and derive an expression relating the urban scaling and Zipf exponents. This expression captures the average tendency of the empirical relation between both exponents, and simulations yield very similar results to the real data after accounting for random variations. We find that while the vast majority of countries exhibit increasing returns to scale of urban GDP, this effect is less pronounced in countries with fewer small cities and more metropolises (small Zipf exponent) than in countries with a more uneven number of small and large cities (large Zipf exponent).
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Tourism Potential and Transport Infrastructure of Khorezm Region, Uzbekistan
    Tourism Education Studies and Practice, 2018, 5(1) Copyright © 2018 by Academic Publishing House Researcher s.r.o. Published in the Slovak Republic Tourism Education Studies and Practice Has been issued since 2014. E-ISSN: 2409-2436 2018, 5(1): 3-10 DOI: 10.13187/tesp.2018.1.3 www.ejournal10.com Articles and Statements Analysis of Tourism Potential and Transport Infrastructure of Khorezm Region, Uzbekistan Elbek S. Khodjaniyazov a , * a Urgench State University, Uzbekistan Abstract The following paper attempts to analyze statistical data regarding tourism industry in Khorezm region, Uzbekistan based on statistical database provided by regional committee of statistics of Khorezm region. The study also attempts to reveal the existing issues in transport provision by investigating the results of Uzbekistan International Visitor Economy Survey conducted by UNWTO in 2014. The main conclusion is that to increase the number of visitors adequate tourism infrastructure should be provided in the region. The findings of the paper provide useful information for destination planners of the region. Keywords: tourism, infrastructure, air transport, railway transport, public transportation. 1. Introduction Tourism has become a strategic sector of economy as a wide range of reforms has been carried out in this field starting from simplification of visa procedures and ending with efforts to increase the quality of service in accommodation, transportation and restaurants. After opening up the country to the world by simplifying the visa formalities, the number of tourists who visited the country in 2017 exceeded 2,52 million and increased by 24,3 % in comparison with 2016, while the export of tourist services went up by 24 percent compared with 2016 reaching 1 billion 557 million US dollars (Committee on development of tourism, Uzbekistan, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • 50022-002: Affordable Rural Housing Program
    Environmental Monitoring Report # Annual Safeguard Monitoring Report February 2019 UZB: Affordable Rural Housing Program Prepared by Rustam Saparov (Management and Monitoring Unit) for the Ministry of Economy and Industry (MOEI) and the Asian Development Bank. This Environment monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Annual Safeguard Monitoring Report ___________________________________________________________________________ For FI operations Project Number: 3535 January-December 2018 Uzbekistan: Affordable Rural Housing Program (Financed by Asian Development Bank) For: Ministry of Economy and Industry Endorsed by: Management and Monitoring Unit February, 2019 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank ARHP - Affordable Rural Housing Program CCRA - Climate change risk assessment DLI - Disbursement Linked Indicator EA - Executing Agency EA - Executive Agency EIA - Environmental impact assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan ESMS - Environmental and Social Management System HQ - Head Quarter IA - Implementation Agency IB - Ipoteka Bank IEE - Initial Environmental Examination MMU - Management
    [Show full text]
  • Biogas Production from Agricultural Waste in the Aral Sea Basin Development of Pilot Plants
    Final Report: Biogas production from agricultural waste in the Aral Sea Basin Development of pilot plants Authors: Hans-Christian Angele, EBP Schweiz AG/AngeleConsult Werner Edelmann, arbi GmbH Bahtyior Eshanov, Economics Department, Westminster International University in Tashkent Olimjon Saidmamatov, Economics Department, Urgench State University C:\Users\hc.angele\OneDrive\Ablage HC\Uzbekistan\90_ENDPRODUKTE\20190920_REPIC_Biogas Aral Sea FinalReport.docx Date of the Report: 20 of September 2019 Contract Number: 2016.11 Institution: EBP Schweiz AG/arbi GmbH Country: Uzbekistan Prepared by: EBP Schweiz AG Zollikerstrasse 65 CH-8702 Zollikon T +41 44 395 11 11, F +41 44 395 12 34, [email protected], www.ebp.ch arbi GmbH Heimelistrasse 35, CH-6314 Unterägeri T +41 763 2121, [email protected], www.arbi.ch With the Support of: REPIC Platform c/o NET Nowak Energy & Technology AG Waldweg 8, CH-1717 St. Ursen Tel: +41(0)26 494 00 30, Fax: +41(0)26 494 00 34, [email protected] / www.repic.ch The REPIC Platform is a mandate issued by the: Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs SECO Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC Federal Office for the Environment FOEN Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE The author(s) are solely responsible for the content and conclusions of this report. 2/40 C:\Users\hc.angele\OneDrive\Ablage HC\Uzbekistan\90_ENDPRODUKTE\20190920_REPIC_Biogas Aral Sea FinalReport.docx Contents 1. Summary ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Scale Targeting of Land Degradation in Northern Uzbekistan Using Satellite Remote Sensing
    Multi-scale targeting of land degradation in northern Uzbekistan using satellite remote sensing Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn vorlegt von Olena Dubovyk aus Kyiv, Ukraine Bonn, July 2013 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch‐Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität Bonn Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gunter Menz Gutachter: Prof Dr. Christopher Conrad Tag der Promotion: 18.10.2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 With patience, it is possible to dig a well with a teaspoon. Ukrainian proverb To see a friend no road is too long. Ukrainian proverb ABSRACT Advancing land degradation (LD) in the irrigated agro‐ecosystems of Uzbekistan hinders sustainable development of this predominantly agricultural country. Until now, only sparse and out‐of‐date information on current land conditions of the irrigated cropland has been available. An improved understanding of this phenomenon as well as operational tools for LD monitoring is therefore a pre‐requisite for multi‐scale targeting of land rehabilitation practices and sustainable land management. This research aimed to enhance spatial knowledge on the cropland degradation in the irrigated agro‐ecosystems in northern Uzbekistan to support policy interventions on land rehabilitation measures. At the regional level, the study combines linear trend analysis, spatial relational analysis, and logistic regression modeling to expose the LD trend and to analyze the causes. Time series of 250‐m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), summed over the growing seasons of 2000‐2010, were used to determine areas with an apparent negative vegetation trend; this was interpreted as an indicator of LD.
    [Show full text]
  • Uzbekistan: Northwest Region Power Transmission Line Project
    LARP Implementation Completion Report March 2021 Uzbekistan: Northwest Region Power Transmission Line Project Section 5: The power line section between “Khorezm” Substation and 3rd river-crossing of the transmission line with the Amudarya River (Khorezm region) Prepared by the Joint-Stock Company National Electrical Networks of Uzbekistan (NENU) for Asian Development Bank (ADB), Uzbekistan. This social compliance audit report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. LARP Implementation Completion Report March 2021 Uzbekistan: Northwest Region Power Transmission Line Project Section 5: The power line section between “Khorezm” Substation and 3rd river-crossing of the transmission line with the Amudarya River (Khorezm region) Prepared by the State Joint-Stock Company National Electric Grid of Uzbekistan (NEGU) for the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Uzbekistan. This social compliance audit report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed here in do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
    [Show full text]