Impact of Management Strategies on Inclusion of Learners with Hearing Impairment in Regular Primary Schools in Tharaka Nithi County, Kenya
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IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON INCLUSION OF LEARNERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT IN REGULAR PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THARAKA NITHI COUNTY, KENYA MPAKU MUKIRE JULIUS E55/CE/24531/2012 A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION (SPECIAL NEEDS EDUCATION) IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY. OCTOBER, 2019 DECLARATION I confirm that this research thesis is my original work and has not been presented in any other institution. The thesis has been complemented by referenced works duly acknowledged. Where text, data, graphics, pictures or tables have been borrowed from other works - including the internet, the sources are specifically accredited through referencing in accordance with anti-plagiarism regulations. Signature: ………………………………. Date: …………………………………. Mpaku Mukire Julius E55/CE/24531/2012 Supervisor’s Approval We confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the candidate under our supervision as University supervisors Signature: ………………………………. Date: …………………………………. Prof. Geoffrey Karugu Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education, Kenyatta University. Signature: ………………………………. Date: …………………………………. Dr. Beatrice Bunyasi Awori Department of Early Childhood and Special Needs Education , Kenyatta University. ii DEDICATION This study is dedicated to my late parents, Mpaku Baikaba and Elizabeth Gaciimi, my late and only sister Esther Gakundi, my late in-law Mioro Mburuga, my sons Geoffrey Kimathi, Emilio Mutheki,Timothy Mugendi, my daughters Faith Joy Kawira, Immaculate Mwende and my beloved wife Edeline Karigu. Their inspiration and support has been immense. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like most sincerely acknowledge various people who have assisted me to accomplish my mission. First I give many thanks to my supervisors Professor Geoffrey Karugu and Dr Beatrice Bunyasi, for their academic guidance. I also acknowledge much assistance given by late supervisor Dr. Grace Ngure, who with a motherly heart took me through proposal writing. May God rest her soul in peace. I also acknowledge the support I got from my fellow Head Teachers and the Officers in the Tharaka North Sub County officers who gave me a lot of encouragement particularly, the Quality and Standard officer Mr. Hawkins Kinyua and Curriculum Support Officer in charge of special needs education, Mr Samuel .Finally I appreciate and thank my dear wife Edeline Karigu and my children who have been constantly praying for me. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION.......................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION............................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ x LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... xi ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS .................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to the Study ........................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem ........................................................................................ 10 1.4 The Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................ 11 1.5 Objective of the Study ............................................................................................ 11 1.6 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 12 1.6 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................ 12 1.7 Limitations and Delimitations of the Study ............................................................ 13 1.7.1 Limitations of the Study....................................................................................... 13 1.7.2 Delimitation of the Study ..................................................................................... 13 1.8 Assumption of the Study ......................................................................................... 14 1.9 Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of the Study ............................................ 14 1.9.1Theoretical Framework of the Study .................................................................... 14 1.9.2 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................ 15 1.10 Operational Definition of Terms ........................................................................... 17 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................... 20 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 20 2.2 Level of Training Qualification Education Managers .......................................... 20 2.3 Number of Education Managers Trained on Different Area of Special Needs ...... 24 v 2.4 Inclusion Placement Options and Models for Learners with Special Needs Educations ............................................................................................................. 26 2.5 The Roles Played by Education Managers on Inclusion of Learners with Hearing Impairment. ........................................................................................................... 32 2.5.1 Planning ............................................................................................................... 33 2.5.2 Organizing............................................................................................................ 35 2.5.3 Communication .................................................................................................... 36 2.5.4 Coordination ........................................................................................................ 37 2.5.5 Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................. 38 2.6 Administration and Supervision (Management) Challenges to Inclusion of Learners with Hearing Impairment ....................................................................... 40 2.6.1 Challenges Arising from Planning ....................................................................... 41 2.6.2 Challenges Arising from Organizing ................................................................... 42 2.6.3 Challenges Arising Communication .................................................................... 44 2.6.4 Coordination ........................................................................................................ 45 2.6.5 Monitoring and Evaluation .................................................................................. 46 2.7 Summary of Literature and Gap Identification ....................................................... 49 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ............... 51 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 51 3.2 Research Design...................................................................................................... 51 3.3 Research Variables.................................................................................................. 51 3.3.1 The Independent Variables .................................................................................. 52 3.3.2 Intervening Variables ........................................................................................... 52 3.3.3The Dependent Variables ...................................................................................... 52 3.4 Location of the Study .............................................................................................. 53 3.5 Target Population .................................................................................................... 53 3.6 Sampling techniques ............................................................................................... 54 3.7 Sample size ............................................................................................................. 55 3.8 Research Instrument................................................................................................ 55 3.8.1 Interview Guide ................................................................................................... 56 vi 3.8.2 Questionnaire ....................................................................................................... 56 3.9 Pilot study ............................................................................................................... 57 3.9.1 Validity ................................................................................................................ 57 3.9.2 Reliability