Paul Hertz NASA Astrophysics Update
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Monte Carlo Simulacija Protojata Galaksija U Cosmos Pregledu Neba
SVEUILITE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIKI FAKULTET FIZIKI ODSJEK Neven Tomi£i¢ MONTE CARLO SIMULACIJA PROTOJATA GALAKSIJA U COSMOS PREGLEDU NEBA Diplomski rad Zagreb, 2015 SVEUILITE U ZAGREBU PRIRODOSLOVNO-MATEMATIKI FAKULTET FIZIKI ODSJEK SMJER: ISTRAIVAKI Neven Tomi£i¢ Diplomski rad MONTE CARLO SIMULACIJA PROTOJATA GALAKSIJA U COSMOS PREGLEDU NEBA Voditelj diplomskog rada: doc. dr. sc. Vernesa Smol£i¢ Ocjena diplomskog rada: ____________________ Povjerenstvo: 1. _________________________ 2. _________________________ 3. _________________________ Datum polaganja: _____________ Zagreb, 2015 ZAHVALA Zahvalio bih se mentorici doc. dr. sc. Vernesi Smol£i¢, na mentorstvu i voenju kroz ovaj rad. Posebno bih se zahvalio asistentu dipl. ing. Nikoli Baranu za tehni£ku pomo¢ i savjetovanje pri izvedbi simulacija i rada u programskom jeziku IDL. Zahvalio bih se dr. sc. Oskariu Miettinenu i kolegici Niki Jurlin, za pomo¢ i savjetovanje pri analizi protojata. Takoer se zahvaljujem dr. sc. Jacinti Delhaize, mag. phys. Mladenu Novaku i kolegi Kre²imiru Tisani¢u za savjetovanje i pomo¢ pri radu. Zahvalio bih se svojim roditeljima na savjetima za ºivot i za potporu koju mi cijeli ºivot pruºaju na mom putu u znanost. Takoer bih se zahvalio svim svojim profesorima, prija- teljima i kolegama u mom osnovno²kolskom, srednjo²kolskom i fakultetskom obrazovanju, a pogotovo prof. Ankici Ben£ek, prof. Andreji Pehar, prof. Ana-Mariji Kukuruzovi¢ i prof. Josipu Matijevi¢u koji su me usmjeravali prema znanosti. Saºetak Jata tj. skupovi galaksija su veliki virializirani skupovi galaksija. Galaksije do- prinose oko 5% mase jata, unutar-klasterski medij oko 10% mase i tamna tvar do 85% mase. Te strukture su nastale iz protojata galaksija. Protojato je rani oblik jata sa manje galaksija i sa uo£enom ve¢om gusto¢om broja galaksija u odnosu na ostale dijelove promatranog neba. -
2020 July 09 Dr. Paul Hertz Astrophysics Director Science
2020 July 09 Dr. Paul Hertz Astrophysics Director Science Missions Directorate National Aeronautics and Space administration (NASA) Dear Paul, The NASA Astrophysics Advisory Committee (APAC) had its Summer meeting on 2020 June 23-24. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and related NASA operational and travel restriction (Stage 4), the entire two-days of the meeting where conducted virtually using WebExtm videoconferencing technology accompanied by dial-in phone lines. The following members of the APAC attended the meeting: Kelly Holley-Bockelman, Laura Brenneman, John Conklin (Vice Chair), Asantha Cooray, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Jessica Gaskin, Hashima Hasan (APAC Executive Secretary), William Jones, Suvrath Mahadevan, Margaret Meixner, Michael Meyer, Leonidas Moustakas, Lucianne Walkowitz, and Chick Woodward (APAC Chair). Public lines were opened, and Dr. Hasan began the meeting by welcoming all the APAC members, and explaining its purpose. Dr. Hasan reminded APAC members who had conflicts of interest with specific topics on the agenda that as conflicted members they were allowed to listen to the presentation but could not participate in the committee’s discussion. Dr. Hasan then reviewed the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) rules. Dr. Woodward then welcomed the members to the meeting, outlined the agenda, and reiterated some of the FACA and conflict of interest rules. APAC members proceeded to introduce themselves. The agenda consisted of the following presentations: • Astrophysics Division Update – Paul Hertz • State of the Profession – Chick Woodward and the APAC Committee • ExoPAG, COPAG, and PhysPAG reports – Michael Meyer, Margaret Meixner, Graca Rocha • SOFIA update – Margaret Meixner, Naseem Rangwala • James Webb update – Eric Smith • ESCAPE update – Kevin France • Athena update – Rob Petre • GUSTO update – Chris Walker • COSI update – John Tomsick • CASE/ARIEL update – Mark Swain • Science Activation update – Kristen Erickson The APAC thanks all the presenters for their time and efforts to provide crisp and informative presentations. -
ATHENA COMMUNITY NEWSLETTER #4 December 2017 Contents
ATHENA COMMUNITY NEWSLETTER #4 December 2017 Contents Welcome.......................................................................................... 1 Fourth Announcement of Opportunity to join the Athena Community Working Groups/Topical Panels .................................................... 1 Discovery of Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational Waves .......... 2 Athena Project Status .......................................................................... 2 News from the Instruments ................................................................. 4 News from the WFI ......................................................................... 4 News from X-IFU ............................................................................ 4 The SKA-Athena Synergy Exercise Coming to the End.............................. 6 Athena End-to-End Simulations ............................................................ 7 Unveiling the Hot, High Redshift Universe with the Athena WFI ................. 8 Athena Community People .................................................................. 9 Conferences ................................................................................... 10 Athena in Conferences (January-July 2018) ....................................... 10 Coming conferences of interest ...................................................... 10 Edited by Athena Community Office: F.J. Carrera, M.T. Ceballos, S. Martínez-Núñez, M.P. Monterde Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-UC) Avda Los Castros s/n 39005 Santander -
Science: Planetary Science Outyears Are Notional
Science: Planetary Science Outyears are notional ($M) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Planetary Science $2,235 $2,200 $2,181 $2,162 $2,143 Ø Creates a robotic Lunar Discovery and Exploration program, that supports commercial partnerships and innovative approaches to achieving human and science exploration goals. Ø Continues development of Mars 2020 and Europa Clipper. Ø Establishes a Planetary Defense program, including the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) and Near-Earth Object Observations. Ø Studies a potential Mars Sample Return mission incorporating commercial partnerships. Ø Formulates the Lucy and Psyche missions. Ø Selects the next New Frontiers mission. Ø Invests in CubeSats/SmallSats that can achieve entirely new science at lower cost. Ø Operates 10 Planetary missions. § OSIRIS-REx will map asteroid Bennu. § New Horizons will fly by its Kuiper belt target. Dawn Image of Ceres on January 13, 2015 20 Science: Astrophysics Outyears are notional ($M) 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Astrophysics $1,185 $1,185 $1,185 $1,185 $1,185 Ø Launches the James Webb Space Telescope. Ø Moves Webb into the Cosmic Origins Program within the Astrophysics Account. Ø Terminates WFIRST due to its significant cost and higher priorities elsewhere within NASA. Increases funding for future competed missions and research. Ø Supports the TESS exoplanet mission following launch by June 2018. Ø Formulates or develops, IXPE, GUSTO, XARM, Euclid, and a new MIDEX mission to be selected in FY 2019. Ø Operates ten missions and the balloon project. Ø Invests in CubeSats/SmallSats that can achieve entirely new science at lower cost. Ø All Astrophysics missions beyond prime operations (including SOFIA) will be subject to senior review in 2019. -
Members' Meeting Package
DPS Members Meeting 6 October 2011 Members Meeting Agenda Opening remarks Melissa McGrath Secretary’s report Athena Coustenis Treasurer’s report Diana Blaney EPO report Nick Schneider Webmaster report Tony Roman Hartmann Travel Grant recipients Dan Britt Professional Development Subcommittee report Rachel Mastrapa Federal Relations Subcommittee report Josh Emery Survey report Anne Verbiscer Icarus report Phil Nicholson Nominating Subcommittee member election Nantes Meeting report Olivier Grasset Future meetings report Melissa McGrath Press Officer report Vishnu Reddy Outgoing Chair remarks Melissa McGrath Incoming chair remarks Dan Britt New Business, discussion, questions Opening Remarks • Short reports, please hold questions until the end. Longer versions are posted on the DPS web site at: dps.aas.org/reports • Later in the meeting we’ll elect a new member of the Nominating Subcommittee. From our By Laws: "The Nominating Subcommittee is responsible for presenting to the DPS Secretary a list of candidates for DPS Officers and Committee members. At the business meeting each year, the DPS membership selects a new member for the Nominating Subcommittee, who serves a three-year term. In the third year of service, the member serves as Chair of the subcommittee." DPS Secretary’s Report Athena Coustenis Membership • Current active membership: 1358, same as last year at the same time (varying between 1100 and 1500). Non-US fraction 19% • Renew your membership and pay your dues TODAY and in any event before 31 December 2011 to avoid dropping from lists in Feb. – Pay your 2012 membership dues online at https://members.aas.org/ • Also, please take a moment to update your personal DPS member file. -
Overview of SPRITE: Saturn Probe Interior and Atmosphere Explorer Concept
Overview of SPRITE: Saturn PRobe Interior and aTmosphere Explorer Concept Marcus Lobbia1 Co-Authors: Amy Simon2, Rolf Danner1, Dave Atkinson1, Cavan Cuddy3 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology 2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 3 Lockheed Martin Space Systems © 2017 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. Predecisional information for planning and discussion only Saturn Probe Mission Concept – Decadal Survey • Planetary Sciences Decadal Survey – Saturn Probe mission one of several recommended Medium-class missions for New Frontiers program • Objectives – 1: Determine Saturn’s Role in Solar System Formation and Evolution • Measure noble gas abundances and isotopic ratios in Saturn’s atmosphere – 2: Characterize Saturn’s atmosphere structure and composition • Measure atmospheric structure and cloud properties at Probe descent location SPRITE is proposed as a New Frontiers candidate mission to address these high-priority Decadal Survey objectives Predecisional information for planning and discussion only 2 jpl.nasa.gov Saturn’s Role in Solar System Formation • Did Saturn arrest Jupiter migration to inner solar system? – In situ measurements will help identify Saturn’s age and formation location – Sample elemental abundances and isotopic ratios from 0.2 to 10 bars pressure Predecisional information for planning and discussion only 3 jpl.nasa.gov Truth Beneath Saturn’s Clouds • What are the properties and locations of Saturn’s various cloud layers? What are vertical profiles of pressure, -
LINDA TARBOX ELKINS-TANTON Curriculum Vitae August 2020
LINDA TARBOX ELKINS-TANTON Curriculum Vitae August 2020 Managing Director, Interplanetary Initiative, Arizona State University Principal Investigator, NASA Psyche mission Co-founder, Beagle Learning Office: (480) 727-2451 | Mobile: (617) 784-3817 | [email protected] RESEARCH Terrestrial planetary formation and subsequent planetary evolution. Creation of effective interdisciplinary teams and their leadership for maximizing discovery. Inquiry and exploration learning and the reformation of education for the Information Age. My mission is to create a generation of problem-solvers. Research Achievements • The evolution of planetesimals includes partially differentiated and other complex compositional structures, explaining physical and compositional observations from meteorites and asteroids. • The Siberian flood basalts erupted most of their volume before the end-Permian extinction occurred; the magmatism released carbon, sulfur, and halocarbons sufficient to drive catastrophic global climate change; the flood basalts began with a world-record volume of volcaniclastics, many erupted as tuffs and burning a significant coal volume. • Magma ocean stages of terrestrial planet formation retained sufficient water to create habitable planets without additional water delivery (though that is inevitable as well), and the silicate differentiation produced by magma ocean solidification creates successful predictions about current- day Moon, Earth, Mercury, and Mars. • Drip magmatism: Lithospheric gravitational instabilities heat, melt, and produce magmatism while they sinK into the mantle; verified in Chile, in Tibet, in the Sierra Nevada, and in east Africa. • The productivity of questions can be rated using a rubric and scored successfully by artificial intelligence. EDUCATION PhD, Geology and Geophysics, MIT, 2002. Advisors: Timothy L. Grove and Bradford H. Hager. MS, Geochemistry, MIT, 1987. Advisor: Timothy L. -
Searching for Intelligent Life in Alien Skies Harry Thomas December 2020 Dr. Sarah Johnson
Atmospheric Technosignatures: Searching for Intelligent Life in Alien Skies Harry Thomas December 2020 Dr. Sarah Johnson (STIA 227: Environmental Geoscience) Introduction In 1950, the famed physicist Enrico Fermi was out to lunch with colleagues when he asked, “Do you ever wonder where everybody is?” The Fermi Paradox has come to describe the disparity between the abundance of star systems, with a multitude of planets that might harbor 1 life, and the lack of detectable alien civilizations. This question, rooted in a deeper existential curiosity about our place in the cosmos, has fueled researchers to search for signs of alien intelligence. So far, none have been detected. Since 1992, over 4000 planets have been found orbiting stars outside of the solar system. Some of these planets, known as exoplanets, are similar to Earth in terms of their composition 2 and the amount of radiation they receive from their host star. The search for extraterrestrial intelligence has largely revolved around the search for alien radio transmissions, but there is a growing contingent of scientists who argue that we should be searching for other indicators of alien civilizations. Some of the most promising of these indicators, better known as technosignatures, can be found in the skies and orbits of exoplanets. Technosignatures Technosignature is a broad term that can be applied to anything that indicates the presence of a technologically developed civilization. Its list of engendering technologies runs the gamut from ones that are well within the grasp of human technological reality to ones that stretch the limits of imagination; both the burning of chemical fuels and Dyson Spheres, massive arrays of solar collectors that enclose an entire star to capture as much of its energy as possible, are fair 3 game for technosignatures. -
Gravitational Time Delay Effects on Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies
PHYSICAL REVIEW D, VOLUME 63, 023504 Gravitational time delay effects on cosmic microwave background anisotropies Wayne Hu* Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 Asantha Cooray† Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 ͑Received 2 August 2000; published 18 December 2000͒ We study the effect of gravitational time delay on the power spectra and bispectra of the cosmic microwave background ͑CMB͒ temperature and polarization anisotropies. The time delay effect modulates the spatial surface at recombination on which temperature anisotropies are observed, typically by ϳ1 Mpc. While this is a relatively large shift, its observable effects in the temperature and polarization fields are suppressed by geometric considerations. The leading order effect is from its correlation with the closely related gravitational lensing effect. The change to the temperature-polarization cross power spectrum is of order 0.1% and is hence comparable to the cosmic variance for the power in the multipoles around lϳ1000. While unlikely to be extracted from the data in its own right, its omission in modeling would produce a systematic error comparable to this limiting statistical error and, in principle, is relevant for future high precision experiments. Contributions to the bispectra result mainly from correlations with the Sachs-Wolfe effect and may safely be neglected in a low density universe. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.63.023504 PACS number͑s͒: 98.80.Es, 95.85.Nv I. INTRODUCTION small effects can accumulate along the path. Indeed it is well known that the gravitational lensing of CMB photons has a In order that the full potential of anisotropies in the cos- substantial effect on the power spectrum of the anisotropies mic microwave background ͑CMB͒ temperature and polar- ͓11,12͔. -
NASA Program & Budget Update
NASA Update AAAC Meeting | June 15, 2020 Paul Hertz Director, Astrophysics Division Science Mission Directorate @PHertzNASA Outline • Celebrate Accomplishments § Science Highlights § Mission Milestones • Committed to Improving § Inspiring Future Leaders, Fellowships § R&A Initiative: Dual Anonymous Peer Review • Research Program Update § Research & Analysis § ROSES-2020 Updates, including COVID-19 impacts • Missions Program Update § COVID-19 impact § Operating Missions § Webb, Roman, Explorers • Planning for the Future § FY21 Budget Request § Project Artemis § Creating the Future 2 NASA Astrophysics Celebrate Accomplishments 3 SCIENCE Exoplanet Apparently Disappears HIGHLIGHT in the Latest Hubble Observations Released: April 20, 2020 • What do astronomers do when a planet they are studying suddenly seems to disappear from sight? o A team of researchers believe a full-grown planet never existed in the first place. o The missing-in-action planet was last seen orbiting the star Fomalhaut, just 25 light-years away. • Instead, researchers concluded that the Hubble Space Telescope was looking at an expanding cloud of very fine dust particles from two icy bodies that smashed into each other. • Hubble came along too late to witness the suspected collision, but may have captured its aftermath. o This happened in 2008, when astronomers announced that Hubble took its first image of a planet orbiting another star. Caption o The diminutive-looking object appeared as a dot next to a vast ring of icy debris encircling Fomalhaut. • Unlike other directly imaged exoplanets, however, nagging Credit: NASA, ESA, and A. Gáspár and G. Rieke (University of Arizona) puzzles arose with Fomalhaut b early on. Caption: This diagram simulates what astronomers, studying Hubble Space o The object was unusually bright in visible light, but did not Telescope observations, taken over several years, consider evidence for the have any detectable infrared heat signature. -
Characterizing Planets with Direct Imaging
Characterizing Planets with Direct Imaging Victoria Meadows and the NAI Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team The University of Washington, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, University of Chicago, Weber State University, Adler Planetarium, NASA Ames Research Center, Stanford University, Rice University, Washington University at Saint Louis, Yale University, Australian Center for Astrobiology, University of Victoria, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique – Bordeaux The NAI’s Virtual Planetary Laboratory Our Challenge Direct Imaging • Must suppress the light from the parent star so that the light from the smaller, fainter planet can be seen - at least 10-9 for Jupiter detection and 10-11 for Earth spectroscopy. • Suppression techniques (e.g. coronography, interferometry) have inner and outer working angles that are ~2λ/D, where D = telescope diameter. • The larger the telescope, or the shorter the wavelength, the closer in to the star we can see. Direct Imaging • Must also resolve planet and star as two separate images • Angular resolution θ = 1.22 λ/D, • Angular resolution improves with larger telescopes, shorter λ Except…for external occulters …where inner working angle is a function of starshade diameter and distance from the telescope Direct Imaging. It’s Hard. Why bother? Doppler Vel. Transit Imaging Eclipse Timing Microlensing Kepler 40 20 Jupiter ] 10 e 4 Neptune Planet Radius [R 1 Earth Radius RelativeEarth to 2013 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 OrbitalOrbital Period Period [days]in days J. Fortney Direct Imaging. It’s hard. Why bother? Aerosols can severely limit the altitude Depending on observing geometry probed by transit spectra, hiding much of refraction also limits altitudes probed and the atmosphere from study. -
Proceedings of Spie
PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE SPIEDigitalLibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie Overview of the Origins Space telescope: science drivers to observatory requirements Margaret Meixner, Lee Armus, Cara Battersby, James Bauer, Edwin Bergin, et al. Margaret Meixner, Lee Armus, Cara Battersby, James Bauer, Edwin Bergin, Asantha Cooray, Jonathan J. Fortney, Tiffany Kataria, David T. Leisawitz, Stefanie N. Milam, Klaus Pontoppidan, Alexandra Pope, Karin Sandstrom, Johannes G. Staguhn, Kevin B. Stevenson, Kate Y. Su, Charles Matt Bradford, Dominic Benford, Denis Burgarella, Sean Carey, Ruth C. Carter, Elvire De Beck, Michael J. Dipirro, Kimberly Ennico-Smith, Maryvonne Gerin, Frank P. Helmich, Lisa Kaltenegger, Eric. E. Mamajek, Gary Melnick, Samuel Harvey Moseley, Desika Narayanan, Susan G. Neff, Deborah Padgett, Thomas L. Roellig, Itsuki Sakon, Douglas Scott, Kartik Sheth, Joaquin Vieira, Martina Wiedner, Edward Wright, Jonas Zmuidzinas, "Overview of the Origins Space telescope: science drivers to observatory requirements," Proc. SPIE 10698, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, 106980N (24 July 2018); doi: 10.1117/12.2312255 Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2018, Austin, Texas, United States Downloaded From: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie on 23 Aug 2019 Terms of Use: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/terms-of-use Overview of the Origins Space Telescope: Science Drivers to Observatory Requirements Margaret Meixnera,b,c, Lee Armusd, Cara Battersbye, James Bauerf, Edwin Berging, Asantha Coorayh, Jonathan J. Fortneyi, Tiffany Katariaj, David T. Leisawitzc, Stefanie N. Milamc, Klaus Pontoppidana, Alexandra Popek, Karin Sandstroml, Johannes G. Staguhnb,c, Kevin B. Stevensona, Kate Y. Sum, Charles Matt Bradfordj, Dominic Benfordn, Denis Burgarellao, Sean Careyd, Ruth C.