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Defining the Role of First Lady
- Defining the Role of First Lady An Honors College Thesis (Honors 499) By Denise Jutte - Thesis Advisor Larry Markle Ball State University Muncie, IN Graduation Date: May 3, 2008 ;' l/,~· ,~, • .L-',:: J,I Table of Contents Abstract 2 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction: Defining the Role of First Lady 4 First Ladies Ranking 11 Individual Analysis of First Ladies 12 Chronological Order Observations on Leadership and Comparisons to Previous Presidential Rankings 177 Conclusion: The Role ofthe Future First Spouse 180 Works Cited 182 Appendix A: Ranking of Presidents 183 Appendix B: Presidential Analysis 184 Appendix C: Other Polls and Rankings of the First Ladies 232 1 Abstract In the Fall Semester of 2006, I took an honors colloquium taught by Larry Markle on the presidents of the United States. Throughout the semester we studied all of the past presidents and compiled a ranked list of these men based on our personal opinion of their greatness. My thesis is a similar study of their wives. The knowledge I have gained through researching presidential spouses has been very complementary to the information I learned previously in Mr. Markle's class and has expanded my understanding of one ofthe most important political positions in the United States. The opportunity to see what parallels developed between my ran kings of the preSidents and the women that stood behind them has led me to a deeper understanding ofthe traits and characteristics that are embodied by those viewed as great leaders. 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my dad for helping me to participate in and understand the importance of history and education at a young age. -
Grasso on Chervinsky
Lindsay M. Chervinsky. The Cabinet: George Washington and the Creation of an American Institution. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2020. 432 pp. $29.95, cloth, ISBN 978-0-674-98648-0. Reviewed by Joanne S. Grasso (New York Institute of Technology) Published on H-Early-America (July, 2021) Commissioned by Troy Bickham (Texas A&M University) As a grand epic but over a shorter period of jor author of the Federalist Papers. And Bradford history, Lindsay M. Chervinsky’s The Cabinet served in the Revolutionary War and then went chronicles George Washington and the creation of into law. The Virginia dynasty of presidents was in the first US presidential cabinet. In this expansive the making: Jefferson first served as secretary of account of how Washington oversaw, constructed, state, James Madison in the House of Representat‐ and ultimately organized his cabinet, the author ives, and James Monroe as an ambassador. segments her book from his pre-presidency days, In the introduction, the author begins her nar‐ when he developed relationships and strategies, in rative with the grandiose ceremony of the inaugur‐ the chapter “Forged in War,” to the initial stages of ation of Washington as the first president of the the development of his cabinet in “The Cabinet United States and then discusses many of his ad‐ Emerges,” and all the way through to problems in ministration’s initial tasks and strategies. Wash‐ “A Cabinet in Crisis.” ington used the “advice and consent” clause found As depicted, some of the brightest and time- in the United States Constitution with respect to tested minds from the Revolutionary War era were the US Senate, which states that the president cabinet members, including Henry Knox, Edmund “shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Randolph, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided and William Bradford. -
James Monroe, 5Th President I
JAMES MONROE, 5TH PRESIDENT I : James Monroe 17^8-1831 President of the United States of America 1817-1825 THE TOURIST who makes a pilgrimage to James Monroe's two Virginia homes, Ash Lawn in Charlottesville and Oak Hill in Leesburg, carries away a sense of serenity, dignity and decent accomplishment. In the nation's folklore Monroe figures as one of the Virginia Dynasty, the fourth of five Presidents to come from the Old Dominion. He is associated with the Monroe Doctrine. His eight years in the White House are recalled as the "era of good feelings"—a period almost free from political strife. According to legend Monroe would have received a unanimous electoral vote when he was re-elected in 1820, except that a single elector who plumped for John Quincy Adams did so merely in order to reserve the H unique distinction of unanimity for George Washington. In actuality Monroe's career was much less comfortable. As a diplomat in Europe he offended both President Washington and President Jefferson. He irritated Madison by offering himself as a rival candidate for the Presidency in 1808. Though he made a good enough record in Madison's Administration as Secretary of State, later also managing to carry out the duties of Secretary of War, he was not the universal favorite among the Republicans for the presidential nomination in 1816. Severe in manner and in dress, he was a less attractive figure than the big, handsome William H. Crawford of Georgia. Some politicos grumbled that it was time to look outside Virginia. -
Modern First Ladies: Their Documentary Legacy. INSTITUTION National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 412 562 CS 216 046 AUTHOR Smith, Nancy Kegan, Comp.; Ryan, Mary C., Comp. TITLE Modern First Ladies: Their Documentary Legacy. INSTITUTION National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC. ISBN ISBN-0-911333-73-8 PUB DATE 1989-00-00 NOTE 189p.; Foreword by Don W. Wilson (Archivist of the United States). Introduction and Afterword by Lewis L. Gould. Published for the National Archives Trust Fund Board. PUB TYPE Collected Works General (020) -- Historical Materials (060) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC08 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Archives; *Authors; *Females; Modern History; Presidents of the United States; Primary Sources; Resource Materials; Social History; *United States History IDENTIFIERS *First Ladies (United States); *Personal Writing; Public Records; Social Power; Twentieth Century; Womens History ABSTRACT This collection of essays about the Presidential wives of the 20th century through Nancy Reagan. An exploration of the records of first ladies will elicit diverse insights about the historical impact of these women in their times. Interpretive theories that explain modern first ladies are still tentative and exploratory. The contention in the essays, however, is that whatever direction historical writing on presidential wives may follow, there is little question that the future role of first ladies is more likely to expand than to recede to the days of relatively silent and passive helpmates. Following a foreword and an introduction, essays in the collection and their authors are, as follows: "Meeting a New Century: The Papers of Four Twentieth-Century First Ladies" (Mary M. Wolf skill); "Not One to Stay at Home: The Papers of Lou Henry Hoover" (Dale C. -
Good Books About History, 2015-16 Bernard Bailyn, the Barbarous
Good Books about History, 2015-16 Reviews by members of the OLLI-GMU History Club Compiled by Tom Hady Compiler’s Note: With our decision a few years ago to include historical fiction, the question of what to call “history” has become more difficult. I view my role as limited. I will occasionally ask a contributor whether this belongs in a history compilation, but I generally accept their conclusion. Other than that, I compile the reviews, put them in a common format, and do a very limited amount of editing.--TFH. Bernard Bailyn, The Barbarous Years; The Peopling of British North America—The Conflict of Civilizations, 1600-1675 (2013), reviewed by Jim Crumley In this book, Mr. Bailyn takes a look at the early settlers in America, focusing on the colonization of Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York, though he also discusses the early years of the Maryland and Delaware colonies. Even someone steeped in Virginia history and very familiar with the Jamestown colony will find new information in this book. It’s a somewhat ponderous volume and not read quickly or easily, but it’s packed with information, including statistics on the extraordinarily high mortality rates among the colonists. Marina Belozerskaya, To Wake the Dead: A Renaissance Merchant and the Birth of Archaeology (2009), reviewed by Tom Hady In 1407, fourteen-year-old Ciriacus Pizzecolii or Ancona was apprenticed to learn the trade of a merchant. As a merchant, he travelled widely in the Mediterranean, and he became interested in the ancient ruins that lay all over that part of the world. -
Ranking America's First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt Still #1 Abigail Adams Regains 2 Place Hillary Moves from 2 to 5 ; Jackie
For Immediate Release: Monday, September 29, 2003 Ranking America’s First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt Still #1 nd Abigail Adams Regains 2 Place Hillary moves from 2 nd to 5 th ; Jackie Kennedy from 7 th th to 4 Mary Todd Lincoln Up From Usual Last Place Loudonville, NY - After the scrutiny of three expert opinion surveys over twenty years, Eleanor Roosevelt is still ranked first among all other women who have served as America’s First Ladies, according to a recent expert opinion poll conducted by the Siena (College) Research Institute (SRI). In other news, Mary Todd Lincoln (36 th ) has been bumped up from last place by Jane Pierce (38 th ) and Florence Harding (37 th ). The Siena Research Institute survey, conducted at approximate ten year intervals, asks history professors at America’s colleges and universities to rank each woman who has been a First Lady, on a scale of 1-5, five being excellent, in ten separate categories: *Background *Integrity *Intelligence *Courage *Value to the *Leadership *Being her own *Public image country woman *Accomplishments *Value to the President “It’s a tracking study,” explains Dr. Douglas Lonnstrom, Siena College professor of statistics and co-director of the First Ladies study with Thomas Kelly, Siena professor-emeritus of American studies. “This is our third run, and we can chart change over time.” Siena Research Institute is well known for its Survey of American Presidents, begun in 1982 during the Reagan Administration and continued during the terms of presidents George H. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush (http://www.siena.edu/sri/results/02AugPresidentsSurvey.htm ). -
John Marshall
William & Mary Law Review Volume 43 (2001-2002) Issue 4 Symposium: The Legacy of Chief Article 9 Justice John Marshall March 2002 John Marshall: Remarks of October 6, 2000 William H. Rehnquist Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr Part of the Legal History Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Repository Citation William H. Rehnquist, John Marshall: Remarks of October 6, 2000, 43 Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 1549 (2002), https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol43/iss4/9 Copyright c 2002 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository. https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr JOHN MARSHALL REMARKS OF OCTOBER 6,2000 WILLIAM H. REHNQUIST* Thank you, Dean Reveley, for the kind introduction. It is a great pleasure to be here. Next January will be the two hundredth anniversary of the appointment of John Marshall as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court. I am quite convinced that Marshall deserves to be recognized along with George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Thomas Jefferson as one of the "Founding Fathers" of this country. Admittedly, he does not have the name recognition of Washington, Hamilton, or Jefferson, but a strong case can be made for the proposition that his contribution to our system of government ranks with any of theirs. I shall try to make that case this evening. Of these Founders, Washington had the experience as a military commander and the reputation for public rectitude that were essential in our first President. -
University of Mary Washington Board of Visitors
UNIVERSITY OF MARY WASHINGTON BOARD OF VISITORS September 14, 2007 MINUTES Present: Randall R. Eley Elizabeth F. Foster (’69) Benjamin W. Hernandez (’95) Martha K. Leighty (’75) Princess R. Moss (’83) J. William Poole Patricia B. Revere (’63) Xavier R. Richardson Russell H. Roberts Nanalou W. Sauder (’56) Daniel K. Steen (’84) C. Maureen Stinger (’94) Also Present: Amy J. Andersen, Clerk of the Board Rosemary Barra, Vice President for Academic Affairs and Dean of the Faculty Meta R. Braymer, Vice President for Graduate & Professional Studies and Dean of the Faculty and Special Assistant to the President for Strategic Initiatives and Partnerships Bernard M. Chirico, Vice President for Student Affairs and Dean of the Students Stephen Fuller, CAS Faculty Representative Norah Hooper, CGPS Faculty Representative Richard V. Hurley, Acting President Jeanie Kline, Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs and Administrative Services John K. “Jack” Knight, Representative from the Attorney General’s Office Nina Mikhalevsky, Vice President for Strategy and Policy Jeffrey W. Rountree, Vice President for Advancement Krishna Sinha, Student Government Association President Helen Vanderland, Director of Internal Audit Martin A. Wilder, Vice President for Enrollment and Communications Rector Poole convened the meeting of the Board of Visitors in the Minor Board Room of the Jepson Alumni Executive Center at 8:58 a.m. and announced that the resolution to suspend the UMW rowing program had been removed from the agenda due to a successful partnership with the Hope Springs Marina. The morning began with a presentation from Mr. Richard Novak of the Association of Governing Boards. Mr. Novak’s outline included the following topics of discussion: board 2 responsibilities, individual trustee responsibilities, characteristics of an effective board, and ambiguities and uncertainties of board service. -
2008 Updated Nomination
NPS Fo~10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. Aug. 2002) 1 1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service NATlONAP REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES REG1'STRATIONFORM This form is for use in nominatingor requesting determinations for individualpropert~esand d~~trlcfs.See instruclions in How to Complete the Nafional Register of Historic Places ReqiPlBhon Form {Nat~onalReoater Brsll~tin16A). Complete each ltom by marking X in tkappropriate box or by entenng the lnformat~on requested. If any Item does not apply to the property bwng documented, enter "NIAfor "no! appl~cable.' For funetms, architectural class~ticalon,rnalenak, and areas ofsrgniffmnce enter only categories and subcategories from the c~slnretions Place add!t~onalentries and narrative Items on contrnuat~onsheets (NPS Form 10-900a) Use a typewr~ter."uordprocessor,or p om puler, to complete all nterns. ------------------------------------------------------------3----r-------------------c-----.----------------------------=====P===_I= T. Name of Propew ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I----------------I-----------------------------Y3----.-YP-CCL--- historfcname James Momoe Birthplace (updated nomination) other namestsite number Virq~niaDept. of Historic Resources: 096-0046:44WM0038 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1--1-11-~1_--------~~-------------------------------1-3-I-L---.c 2. Location -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&------------"--------------------------------- -
Chapter 7 Ap® Focus & Annotated Chapter Outline
CHAPTER 7 AP® FOCUS & ANNOTATED CHAPTER OUTLINE AP® FOCUS Period 3: 1491–1607 Period 4: 1800–1848 AP U.S. History Key Concepts 3.1 Conflicts among the British government, North American colonists, and Native Americans after the Great War for Empire culminated in the creation of the United States. • The French Revolution fueled debate over America’s role in the world. 3.2 Experiments with democratic ideas and republican forms of government challenged traditional imperial systems. • New ideas led to debates about and experiments with new structures of government. • American leaders wrote a new Constitution and Bill of Rights and continued debates about the balance between liberty and order. • Ideas promoting greater political democracy and personal liberty spread around the world. 3.3 Migration, cultural interactions, and competition for resources intensified conflicts over land and led to questions about a national identity. • Westward expansion resulted in competition for resources, changing alliances, and cultural assimilation. • Government policies encouraged western expansion, intensifying conflict among Native Americans and Europeans. 4.1 World’s first modern mass democracy developed in the United States; emergence of a new national culture; and struggles to define the nation’s democratic ideals and reform its institutions. • Debates over federal power, states’ rights, and the authority of different branches of the federal government. ANNOTATED CHAPTER OUTLINE The following annotated chapter outline will help you review the major topics covered in this chapter. I. The Political Crisis of the 1790s A. The Federalists Implement the Constitution 1. Devising the New Government a. Federalists swept the election of 1788; members of the electoral college chose George Washington as president, and John Adams became vice president. -
The President's
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: The President’s Pen: A Literary History of American Presidential Autobiographies Allen Fletcher Cole, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Robert Levine, Department of English Approximately half of American presidents have produced either a full or partial narrative record of their lives, and recent presidential autobiographies have been released to full-scale media attention. Yet, despite the genre’s familiarity, there has been no comprehensive analysis of this set of presidential autobiographies. The goal of this project is to examine a selected number of presidential memoirs in order to chart the development of this genre. Aside from considering the merits of the individual texts through extended readings, this dissertation will trace the history of the publication, marketing, and reception of these texts. In addition, it will trace the formal changes and development of the presidential memoir in the context of the changing relationships between the president and the American people, popular conceptions of public and private, and the confluence of politics and celebrity. In order to achieve these goals, the dissertation is arranged chronologically and centers on selected texts that mark the genre’s evolution. The first chapters are devoted to the earliest presidential autobiographies, those of John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James Monroe. These three works demonstrate a careful delineation between public and private and ostensibly serve public ends. The second chapter focuses on books by James Buchanan and Ulysses Grant, both of whom sought to market their life narratives in order to reach the broadest possible audience. The third chapter takes up the autobiographies of Theodore Roosevelt and Calvin Coolidge, two presidents who used the expansion of technology to project carefully constructed public characters to the American electorate. -
Politics in a New Nation: the Early Career of James Monroe
72-15,198 DICKSON, Charles Ellis, 1935- POLITICS IN A NEW NATION: THE EARLY CAREER OF JAMES MONROE. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1971 History, modern University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan Copyright by Charles Ellis Dickson 1972 POLITICS IN A NEW NATION: THE EARLY CAREER OP JAMES MONROE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Charles Ellis Dickson, B.S., M.A. ###### The Ohio State University 1971 Approved by PLEASE NOTE: Some pages have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Among the many people who have helped me in my graduate studies at Ohio State, I wish in particular to thank my adviser, Professor Mary E. Young, and my wife, Patricia. This work is dedicated to my father, John McConnell Dickson (1896-1971). ii VITA 13 June 1935 . Born— Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1957 ............. B.S., Indiana University of Penn sylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania 1957-195 8 . Active Duty as Second Lieutenant, U.S.A.R., Port Lee, Virginia 1958-196 6 . Social Studies Teacher, Churchill Area Schools, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl vania 1961 ............. M.A., University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 196^ . Pulbright Grant for Study and Travel in Prance and Great Britain 1967-1970 . Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1970-Present . Assistant Professor, Department of History, Geneva College, Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania FIELDS OF STUDY Jefferson-Jackson. Professor Mary E. Young Colonial America. Professor Bradley Chapin and Assistant Professor Paul G. Bowers Tudor-Stuart.