THE GREAT SOUTH WEST WALK. I S the NATIONAL Written Byfrank Davis I T MAY BE AUSTRALIA’ S Sydney Bushwalkers P ARKS SERVICE BEST KEPT SECRET

MAGAZINE OF THE CONFEDERATION OF BUSHWALKING CLUBS NSW INC. ISSN 0313 2684 SUMMER ISSUE - NOVEMBER 2000 VOLUME 26 NO 2 www.bushwalking.org.au

THE GREAT SOUTH WEST WALK. I S THE NATIONAL Written byFrank Davis I T MAY BE AUSTRALIA’ S Sydney Bushwalkers P ARKS SERVICE BEST KEPT SECRET. here have suffered from an extended dry F AILING THE Fronting the Southern Ocean, spell and the colours have been some- Portland, Victorias first permanent what flat. Now, the change at PUBLIC settlement, marks the start and finish Cobboboonee, from sandy, dune soil to by Ronald.D.Woodland-B1anch of The Great South West Walk. the richer basaltic soils originating from This 250 kilometre loop boasts a Mount Deception to the north has R E REDUCTION OF variety of scenery probably unmatched revitalised the forest. We now see by any other Australian trek. Sure, Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), a M AINTENANCE IN other walks may have vistas of highly prized furniture timber. Manna N ATIONAL PARKS. heathland or forest or mountain or river Gums are present but Koalas remain With many visitors to National. or rugged coast. This one has them all. elusive. Parks complaining about the level of The track maintenance in recent times, a survey swings west from was undertaken, revealing some surpris- Fitzroy Camp ing results. If the really big problems towards the are set aside, such as the stinking Glenelg River. pollution of the once pristine Myall Back into poorer Lakes, it was found that general mainte- sandy soils once nance in many Parks can only be more the Brown described as very ordinary. Instead of Stringybark rolling-up the sleeves & tackling the replaces the problem, the NPWS has CUT-BACK Messmate as the on some of its work, by no longer dominant species. supplying FIREWOOD to existing Lunch is taken FIREPLACES, & we are officially Bridge built by the Friends of the GSWW at The Inkpot, a advised that fireplaces will shortly be large pool of water, dismantled. From Portland the track passes stained black by decaying vegetable Note that this is being done in a many coastal historic features before matter. The depression, resulting from a secretive way, with apparently no heading inland at Henty Bay to turn collapsed cave or from water dissolving reference to the taxpayer, or any of the west through farmland then north to the underlying limestone is some 10 outdoor organisations, which should Cubbys Camp. A short distance from metres deep. alarm you. After all, YOU own the camp a wandering Don Brooks discov- The valley of Moleside Creek leads Parks & YOU employ these people to ered a pair of romantically inclined us to camp and the Glenelg River. After manage & maintain them for you. Brown snakes. Some exciting moments four days of slightly desiccated forests Rather than continue to supply were spent photographing this spectacle. the first glimpse of the river sends the FIREWOOD, they have decided to Next comes the Cobboboonee State spirit soaring. discontinue, The FIREPLACES are Forest, a poorly drained area of exten- The Glenelg, rising in the Grampi- still all there, but there is no firewood to sive swampland. The forest contains ans, winds its way over 400 kilometres go with them. Not only that, but new Messmate (E. obliqua), Brown to the Southern Ocean at Nelson. Over signs are going up, threatening heavy Stringybark (E. baxteri), and Swamp eons of time the river has cut deeply penalties if you gather your Gum (E. ovata). Cut Out Camp is into fossiliferous limestone deposited own.(Imagine if you camp in high, cold reached via Ralphs Bridge, an impres- millions of years ago, leaving vertical, Parks like Kaputar or Warrumbungles sive and lengthy structure built by yellow-orange cliff faces of the gorge in winter, and having to climb into your members of The Friends of the Great that cradles this majestic stream. sleeping bag at sundown because it is South West Walk. Just 13.5 km this day At last, the canadian canoe atop just too cold to sit up without a fire.) brings us into camp early, leaving ample Gordons Toyota all this time makes As a walker & camper & Park uses time for some to tackle the Hodgetts sense. Some of the group grabbed the for over sixty-five years, and an Honor- Grove track through the natural fern opportunity to explore this broad, ary Ranger for many years, I deeply gully of Surry River Gorge. A couple of meandering waterway. Two chose the resent such an outrageous policy. It Koalas were spotted on this excursion. wet option and proceeded by canoe the denies our most basic freedom - THE Day 3 takes us on past Cobboboonee Continued on page 11 Camp to Fitzroy Camp. The forests Continued on page 13 ...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club THE BUSHWALKER C OMMITTEE MEMBERS Contributions, letters to the editor, original cartoons and suggestions are President - Wilf Hilder Conservation Officer John Macris welcome. They should be sent to the Sydney Bushwalkers Ph 9587-8912 (02) 9526-7363 (H) National Parks Association [email protected] address below. Except for short notes or Vice President - Jim Callaway (02) letters, all contributions should be accompa- 9520-7081 (H) (02) 9219-4379 (W) Tracks and Access officer - Alex nied with text file on three and a half inch Sydney Bush Walkers Tucker (02) 9451-4028 National Parks floppy disk in IBM format or E-Mail. Association [email protected] Advertising rates are available on Treasurer & acting Secretary - Prudence request.Ring Judy Hellyer 02604-1101 or Tucker (02)9451-4028 email Magazine Editor & Communications [email protected] [email protected] Officer Colin Wood, Tel (02)4625-0916 H Distribution is through affiliated National Parks Association 0438013500 National Parks Association clubs, major retail outlets, council [email protected] information centres and national park Minute Secretary Judy hellyer offices. 02604-1101 [email protected] Training officer - Peter Mullens [email protected] Address all correspondence to Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue officer - The Editor, The Bushwalker Keith Maxwell (02) 9622-0049 Pager phone Insurance Office and membership Bushwalkers NSW PO Box 2090 GPO 13 22 22 pager no 6277321 Mount Druitt secretary - Anne Plowman (02)9747-1346 Sydney 1043. Bushwalking Club [email protected] E-mail [email protected] [email protected] The Confederation of Bushwalking Clubs NSW Inc represents approximately 67clubs with a total membership around 10,000 bushwalkers. I N THIS ISSUE Formed in 1932, the Confederation 2 2 provides a united voice on conservation and other issues, runs training The Great South West Walk...... 1 courses for members, and provides for the public a free wilderness search and rescue service. People interested Is The National Parks Service Failing the public...... 1 in joining a bushwalking club are invited to write to the Secretary The Bushwalker A Bushwalker Lost ? in Finland? ...... 3 Bushwalkers NSW at the above address for information on clubs in their area. Letters to Editor...... 4 Or web site www.bushwalking.org.au Prices for advertising NavShield 2000...... 5 Back cover $450 - full page inside back cover $400 - full page inside $350 - half page $175 - quarter page De-Bief Notes on Search for Overdue Solo Bushwalker in $90 business card size $50 insert $250 +insertion cost approx $90. Morton National Park 25-26th Sept...... 6 Enquiries for advertising [email protected] Deadlines for magazine Sadly missed at Sutherland Bushwalkers...... 7 Summer edition, 2nd week in October- Autumn 2nd week in January - Winter, 2nd Confederations Friday13th Bushdance...... 8 week in April - Spring, 2nd week in July

Television Documentary on Bushwalking...... 9 T HEB USHWALKER Bushwalking Leadership Legal Considerations...... 10 is the magazine of the Confed- eration of Bushwalking Clubs NSW Inc. It's published quarterly. Walking with Children...... 11 The aim of the magazine is to provide articles and information of Walk the Walk...... 11 interest to the members of clubs affiliated with the Confederation and Bushwalkers generally. Any Insert - Confederation Calendar opinions expressed by individual authors do not always represent the official views of the Confederation. Walk Safely - Walk With a Club...... A BUSHWALKER LOST ? IN FINLAND? by Alex Tucker There is plenty of scope for are two sections of Scots Pine showing bushwalking in Finland , but then it is how they can survive forest fires the seventh largest country in Europe and how growth rings relate to stretching over 1150 km north to south historical records. One sample has .( In air miles this is more than Sydney - heart wood dating from 1694. It fell in a Hobart and similar to Brisbane - storm in 1981, Another tree section with Townsville .) 1594 heartwood is misshapen by fires in In the Central Region (which is 1634, 1666, 1721, 1766 ,1816 and 1911. central between the West Coast and the The averages fire frequency for any tree Russian border and between Helsinki is about 50 years, but until 1850 there and the Arctic Circle) there are two long were fires in this forest every 9 years. distance track networks. The Trail of There has not been a major fire since Pirkka is a network of 330 km of collision. The elk might! 1921 so the fire sensitive spruce is marked tracks north of Tampere con- So this bushwalker was not lost for flourishing. This park is one of the very necting seven towns or villages. It was lack of opportunity because he is also few remaining wild locations of this set up in the 1950s by one,Tuomas interested in Finnish history and engi- species. Vinha, who negotiated rights of way neering, what he lacked was time..Three A feature of the park is Iso Puu (Big over private land weeks is not Tree) estimated to be nearly 500 years where necessary . enough so personal old and still growing.,The two nature The experience has trails in this park are part of the Provin- Maakuntaura been limited to cial Trail mentioned above. (Provincial Track) shoe walking in the Punkaharju is a rocky ridge seven zig zags through the bush 3

km long left by the Ice Age glaciers that Bushwalker The province centred on The Wilderness carved out the lakes on either side.Tree Jyvaskyla and has Church is near felling was prohibited in 1802 by the been progressively Inari about 300 km decree of the Grand Duke who hap- established over the north of the Arctic pened to be Czar Alexander 1. How- last 15 years Circle. The church ever. Later, the lower slopes of the ridge Finnish Lapland is in a cleared area, were the only locations for the road and is above the Arctic which was one of rail corridor In 1938 1945 the ridge Circle and is almost the venues for the was again part of the Finnish defence totally wilderness, annual get together line against the Russians and some State Forest or other of the nomadic evidence of this is still visible. There are protected lands. It Sami people. They still good walking tracks away from the has lakes, swamps traded reindeer, upper road and you could also catch a and treeless rocky and celebrated bus in & out of the town. fells. Trekking marriages and Kotka Langinkoski National Park Maps are not christenings. The When in 1889 a later Grand Duke,. available for all church is still a Czar Alexander III, expressed a wish for areas, but in most popular destination Phya Hakki National Park a fishing lodge to be built for his use on there are shelter for walkers and it his favorite rapids (In Finnish Koski) huts for each days is accessible by the local authorities did not hesitate to stage so that you dont need to carry boat or skis for wedding parties. I built a simple two story four bedroom cooking gear. if you are really confident thought that a classification of medium cottage where the czarina could cook in your navigation skills.. This part of could not be true of a 4km track in for the family and the czar could carry Finland is about 200 km wide, so if you Finland but this was one of several wood and water. With only a minimum can carry enough food as well as your all occasions when I wished I had brought of Court staff. The town council also seasons clothing you could traverse all my boots. The track is so littered with built some wooden fences in the river to the way to the Russian border zone.and rocks and exposed tree roots so you ensure that not too many fish would maybe not see another person. really must stop to appreciate the evade the imperial rod and line. 70 % of Finland is covered by scenery The surrounds are still natural and forests which apart from the Strict Pyha- Hakki National Park. the Finns do not make any great distinc- Nature Reserves and other protected This is 1200 ha of primeval forest tion between National Park, peoples areas are periodically clear felled for the protected since 1912. park, nature park , scenic park and timber and paper industries.. As far as possible it has been left historic site, all of which are applicable 10 km from the centre of Helsinki undisturbed so has trees of all ages from Tallinn. The main reason for our along the motorways you will be in the seedlings to the dead grey snags which visit was the mediaeval city, which is bush the hills being covered with provide nest holes for the red squirrels about one Kilometre Square with a maze regrowth pine , birch and spruce. Road and owls, goshawks, ravens and wood- of cobbled streets, churches houses and cuttings are fenced to try to prevent the peckers. elks from falling onto the road. Cars and On display in the information shelter Continued on page 9 their drivers often dont survive an elk ...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club L ETTERS TO EDITOR A CCESS TO BLUE MOUNTAINS NAT PARK AT GLENBROOK STATION by Rod Julian Dear Editor; It has been suggested that an alternate 5) Erection of suitable signage. I have recently read that feral cats have route be established. 6) Clearing of vegetation from all been documented having weights of It would benefit many sections of the connecting walking tracks: 21kg as they revert back to their genetic community if direct access to the Blue Blue Pool to the causeway (connects makeup of the wild past. Our moggie Mountains National Park could be to Red Hands Cave and Euroka Clearing is a generous 4 kg brute and eats half a provided from Glenbrook Station. walking tracks.) tin of whiskas a day not to mention Glenbrook is unique in that it is the only Blue Pool to the Duck Hole walking snacks. It is no wonder then that the station in the Blue Mountains that is track. (Connects to St Helena fire trail native species are endangered and quolls ideally suited to direct access to the and Kanuka Brook track.) are competing for food supplies. Do national park. Conclusion your readers have any other information Why should this be done? The proposal to have direct access to on the subject? 1) On any weekend there are numer- the BMNP direct from Glenbrook Domestic bliss (with bells on) ous hikers who leave the train at station is not new. To date the following Glenbrook station and walk along Bruce people or organisations have been Road to gain access to the Blue Moun- approached, with little interest shown: Dear Editor; tains National Park. For some distance During the Olympics I was escaping either side of the boom gates hikers and Blue Mountains City Council to the Ruined Castle and en route my cars share the narrow roadway, not an National Parks and Wildlife Service friend and I ran into a foreigner who may ideal situation. Blue Mountains Gazette have been lost. He asked us something 2) School groups from the city could Mr. Bob Debus, NSW Minister for but we were not sure and smiled and 4 catch the train to4 Glenbrook and hike the Environment pointed to the track leading back to the directly into the BMNP directly from Faye Lo Po, State Member for golden staircase. When we looked back Glenbrook Station. Access could be to Penrith he was completely disappeared. Is this a Red Hands Cave, for example, for Mr. Bob Carr, NSW Premier common occurence?Worried Walker Aboriginal Studies, or Euroka Clearing If you would like to write below is to camp or study natural history. the address of the relevant MP. Dear Editor; 3) It would not be an expensive Jackie Kelly, MP

The Bushwalker My husband and I want to get away exercise - the track in its entirety would Federal Member for Lindsay for awhile but have little or no budget. be approximately one kilometer long. P.O. Box 712 Please dont recommend the Hydro How can this be done? Penrith NSW 2750 Majestic or another spiffy joint men- This plan is entirely practical, but tioned in Good Weekend. Where would rely on co-operation from the should we go for a decent night under the Blue Mountains City Council (BMCC), stars? Frustrated the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS), and the State Rail Authority Dear Editor; (SRA). The proposed walking track is to I finally picked up a copy of the the Blue Pool; from here other walking Bushwalker and found it interesting and tracks can be accessed. It could be built full of in depth articles. It would look as follows: even better if you had more pictures of 1) Extension of the present foot- the beautiful bush. Avid reader bridge above the Glenbrook railway Ed; I would love to run more pics, but station to the southern side. (S.R.A.) with a tight budget the quality I would like 2) Construction of a new walking makes it too expensive to print track along the gazetted public roads Station Street and Watson Street, Dear Editor; with permission of BMCC. (These I was walking in Heathcote National streets are still virgin bushland.) Park during the Olympics and was 3) Construction of a walking track disgusted by the rubbish at the King- from Watson Street, bordering the fisher Pool. While I took out two bags of BMNP, to a walking track built by rubbish it was barely enough to touch volunteer labour in 1909. This section of the sides. How often do the relevant walking track within the BMNP is listed If you can help our authorities look here and remove this as having regional heritage significance. readers queries, or just want detritus? I would hardly want to go back (Walking Track LG3, Walking Track to have your say, send in a after seeing the slimy plastic bags and Heritage Study, managed by the NPWS.) letter to Bushwalkers NSW used food containers at the bottom of the 4) A replica of the original footbridge C/O Editor PO Box 2090 pool. be constructed at the site of the original Sydney 1043 or email Regards; 1909 abutments. [email protected] Overwhelmed. Walk Safely - Walk With a Club...... N AVS HIELD 2000 B USHWALKERS WILDERNESS RESCUE NAVIGATION SHIELD The following is a list of all rescue Upper Blue Mountains 450 ACT Jerrabomberra 220 groups that attended the Bushwalkers Wild Dogs 330 ACT Emergency Services 210 Wilderness Rescue navigation weekend Watagan Wanderers 320 Hornsby 210 in July this year. Each category of rescue ANC 270 Blue Mountains 200 NPA 260 ACT Hall 200 group has been summarised in both the SPAN Unlimited 260 Hornsby 200 one and two day event. As each group Nordic Ski Club 260 Bendigo Victoria 190 enters for a variety of reasons e.g. Berowra Bushwackers 250 Baulkham Hills 170 competitive, training or its novelty Nordic Ski Club 240 Nunawading Victoria 150 Springwood 230 Hornsby 150 value, it would be an assumption only Upper Blue Mountains 220 Willoughby/Lane Cove 130 that one group is better than another. Mt. Druitt 210 VRA Sutherland 180 However, it is possible to gauge a general Berrima Rescue Squad 370 Nordic Ski Club 170 consistency value between the various South Coast 340 The Bush Club 160 WICEN 260 groups. Springwood 160 Berrima Rescue Squad 180 Category Winners (All teams are The Bush Club 140 Binalong 140 Watagan Wanderers 130 Class 1 unless otherwise stated) NSW Cave Rescue 140 Up & Downers 67 NPWS 1 DAY EVENT Blue Mountains 560 2 DAY EVENT B USHFIRE BRIGADES P OLICE A MBULANCE Baulkham Hills Bushfire 560 NSW Police Rescue 330 Shoalhaven 1070 Hillside Volunteer 410 SES Shoalhaven 550 Kangaroo Valley 300 Gisborne Victoria 550 Shoalhaven Medical Disaster 280 Valley Heights 280

Blue Mountains 530 RMED ERVICES 5 Winmalee 270 A S

Wollongong 390 RAAF Richmond 37Ssqn 960 Bushwalker The Winmalee 140 Baulkham Hills 350 Gosford City (Class 2) 120 Hornsby 320 B USHFIRE BRIGADES Mulwaree Shire RAFFT -10 Baulkham Hills 290 Kangaroo Valley 1060 B USHWALKERS Nunawading Victoria 260 Kangaroo Valley 880 Mudgee 520 ACT Emergency Services 220 Kangaroo Valley 700 Gurnang 500 Gungahlin Volunteer 310 Woodford (Class 2) 310 B USHWALKERS Berowra Bushwackers 1210 Springwood 1200 Sutherland 1130 UTS Outdoor Adventure Club 1120 SPAN Unlimited 850 SPAN Unlimited 700 Newcastle Ramblers (Class 2) 530 Watagan Wanderers 480 SPAN Unlimited 330 SPAN Unlimited 310 Nepean 310 UTS Outdoor Adventure Club (Class 2) 310 Bankstown 160 NPWS Blue Mountains 1460 South Coast 740 SES Wollongong 770 Gosford 740 Willoughby/Lane Cove 480 Randwick 340 Mosman 340 ACT Emergency Services 310 Wingecarribee 270 Mudgee 270 Waverley Woollahra 240 Wollongong 230 Campbelltown 180 Shellharbour 170 Wollongong 160

VRA NSW Cave Rescue (Class 2) 1000 NSW Cave Rescue 620 Wagga Rescue/Hunters Hill SES290 Central Coast 220 ...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club D E -BIEF NOTES ON SEARCH FOR OVERDUE SOLO B USHWALKER IN MORTON NATIONAL PARK 25-26TH SEPT.

Steve Irwin Field Officer Bushwalkers pics. She had started her four day Search Team Bravo Wilderness Rescue Squad Budawangs walk on Tuesday 19th September, 2000. A search was started Task walk the main track from when she had not returned by Saturday. Wog-Wog car park via Korra Hill, On Monday morning the Police Corang Peak, Burrumbeet Brook, and called on the local Volunteer Rescue then Bibbenluke to check camp caves Association (VRA BWR is a member) and sites. Regional Coordinator, Rod Roderick to utilise VRA resources in this search. Leader Constable Mark Goode, BWR was asked to search parts of her Braidwood Police planned route with two small fast teams. The typical Budawangs weather Team Members 5 on Monday and suggested that this was going to be a 2 on Tuesday (3 returned to Wog-Wog repeat of the major search in May, 2000 car park Tuesday morning). · The allocated task was completed. for four Scouts. In that search many Steve Irwin, BWRS Field Officer · As we were on top of the plateau resources were hastily called in and Rick Nieunhuis, BWRS trainee team most of the time the Police hand held hence difficult to coordinate. To avoid a member radio worked reasonably well despite a repeat it was decided to put designated Malcolm Hughes, BWRS team couple of black holes in member valleys. Michael Course, BWRS team · Support from member Command Post was good, 6 Clive Wilmot,6 BWRS trainee team eg offer to be airlifted or member winched out after the Communication 1 Police radio missing person was found was much appreciated Weather and Conditions Condi- despite being unable to use tions were poor during the entire period this due to weather we were out, with only one period from conditions. The Bushwalker about 0800 to 0930 Tuesday when there · The 3 person team was clear sky. Otherwise weather that continued to Mt Tarn consisted of low cloud cover and mist, on Tuesday was able to rain (heavy at times), thunderstorms continue and stay another Monolith Valley (near the search area) - The Budawangs overnight, and wind increasing on night if required. Tuesday. What could be better resources on standby for an early start on General From the point of view · Our members turned up to field Wednesday, if required. of a team member I was satisfied with two teams. For a track search of this During a brief break in the weather the team and the outcome. We per- type a team of 3 or 4 would have been the 35-year-old woman from Killarney formed the given task in difficult condi- sufficient. This is the principle reason for Heights was sighted by a police helicop- tions, covering approximately 11.5k/s the slower team of 3 members returning ter (Polair) at the junction of the Clyde on the first day and 21.5k/s on the to the car park. River and Hollands Creek about 9:30am second day (almost 33k/s in a 24 hour · Team members should generally AEDT 26th September. Landing was period). Constable Mark Goode of be prepared and equipped to stay out at not possible so she was winched out. Braidwood Police, who lead our search least 2 nights. Police Search Coordinator Peter team, was an excellent choice due to his · The alternative track to Corang Cornelius says it is thought she took a bush fitness and previous bushwalking peak via the Corang River would need to wrong turn on difficult to follow tracks. experience. All team members were have been checked (via Cascades). The Unfortunately she lost a lot of her gear happy with his leadership and decision second team could have done this, (including map and compass) when her making. however communications would have rucksack fell into a rock crevasse. She What went well been required. There was insufficient was slightly injured retrieving her pack · The decision to delay a general time to arrange an extra radio. I was and rested in an overhang during the bad call-out of BWR squad members until aware of the capabilities of our walkers weather before attempting to walk out. the results of Tuesday were known was present and this task would have been Without her map she wandered off her good. possible. planned route. · I believe our response time was Steve Irwin Field Officer The area up there is criss-crossed reasonably good. From an initial call Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue Squad with little tracks, but some of them are received at 0900 (at work) we had 29/9/2000 no more than a slight indentation in the people at the start point walking at 1445, The above report is an edited version grass, and you can be excused for (despite the fact that I was 30 minutes of the debrief notes of the involvement thinking theyre animal tracks, he said. late!). of BWR in the search for an overdue It is certainly very easy to get lost if solo woman walker during the Olym- you dont know your way around there. Walk Safely - Walk With a Club...... S ADLY MISSED AT SUTHERLAND BUSHWALKERS Carl Milne It is with feelings of great sadness and lovingly and respectfully been know as loss that we acknowledge, and each in ised and that we should become affiliated the Godfather of Sutherland our own way, come to terms with the with the Federation of Bushwalkers. A bushwalking Club. He was always passing of Don Rice. Some had the constitution was drafted and The interested and keen that the Club meas- opportunity to know and appreciate him Sutherland Bushwalking Club was ured up to his own strong beliefs and more than born. convictions. others. I Don was very protective of his On behalf of all our membership I personally beloved bushwalking environment and would like to acknowledge our gratitude only on occasions was seen demolishing and desires to keep the Club running as recently unnecessary cairns. Often lunchtime Don would have liked. had the excursions at Lucas Heights were Eulogy by Maurie Bloom: My close opportu- interrupted by Don darting into the association with Don goes back to the mid nity to sit scrub to drag branches and logs across sixties. Don and I were both active members and talk the tracks to discourage errant trail bike of the scout movement and both worked at and get to riders. Don was active on club commit- Lucas Heights. Don was a keen out doors know him tees. He also ran the navigation and person with a strong love for the bush. a little. I abseiling courses. In the late sixties Don encouraged remember Don built a large circle of friends in his close scouting friends and his work walking Don Rice - photo by Noel Bocket the bushwalking fraternity. He was an colleagues to participate in overnight away from that meeting feeling honoured active member and participant in bushwalks covering his favourite areas in that he had been so willing and happy to Federation and Bushwalkers Search and the Budawangs. His forays into this area share his time and knowledge with me Rescue. and the Blue Mountains continued and me not even a real bushwalker. Many of Dons bushwalking friends,

through the years with the group slowly 7 There have always been Don Rice work colleagues and others rallied but surely expanding. Don would Bushwalker The stories, and I am sure that although he is around Don and Lorraine and the family prepare meticulous notes and kept a log gone, he will never, ever be forgotten. when their home was burnt in the of trips that he would later distribute to He has done so much for this Club from devastating Como bushfires. the participants. its very inception that we can undoubt- Dons ever helpful and friendly As time went on it was decided that edly call it his Club. In fact he has nature will be missed by all those who our group should become more formal- knew him...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club C ONFEDERATION’ S FRIDAY13TH Judy hellyer B USHDANCE Were you there? When the music stopped for one hapless dancer unable to keep up ? When the mummys bandages fell off and all was revealed? Did you see the President in his tuxedo without sandshoes? What about the thirty-three witches? And when the best club table was judged and the three year dominance of the Scripture Union Club finally toppled to the Outdoor Club did you wish youd remembered to trim your own? I suppose you bought a ticket to the raffle to support our hardworking volunteer Bushwalkers Rescue Squad, did you? 100 singles dressed for the occasion and 40 families collaborated to make the Friday 13th Annual Bushwalkers Dance a raging success, in fact even better than last year. If you missed out on the chance to win a $440 sleeping bag from Mountain Equipment or a $370 Paddy Pallin Jacket along with

8 six other hot prizes all donated by 8 Bushwalker Sponsors then be sure you look carefully in next years Bushwalker and Dont Miss Out.

The Bushwalker P ICS TOP TO BOTTOM The many children there had great fun. pictured; Belinda Eliza- beth and Emily Stalwarts; Sydney University Bushwalkers A (unlucky?) couple having a great time Winning Table from The Outdoor Club Walk Safely - Walk With a Club......

ELEVISION OCUMENTARY ON USHWALKING T D B . Continued from page 3 The Scripture Union Bushwalkers is Tony Miller Chris Owens interested in establishing a working Scriptur Union Bushwalkers shops, enclosed by large remnants of the committee for the Confederation to Bushwalkers Wilderness Rescue, and original walls. The old gates were approach a television network (possibly clubs canyoning and/or abseiling guarded by towers called Tall Hermann, the ABC) in the near future to suggest the activities. Fat Margaret Tall Jalg and Kiek in de making of a short series of documenta- It would seem fitting if such a series Kok, because it was said the guards ries called The Bushwalkers. could be made before the end of 2001, there could keep an eye on every Such a documentary series could the year in which Australia celebrates kitchen in that part of town showcase the activities of Confederation 100 years of Federation. It would also be And Engineering ? Loviisa Nuclear and feature at least some of the affiliated good to draw attention to the activities of Power Station in Finland and the clubs. The series could help promote Confederation in the lead up to our 70th submarine Lembit built in England in minimal impact bushwalking and birthday. Getting the show on the 1936 for the Estonian Navy walking with clubs. It would also road would take some work and As the above all happened so we hopefully encourage more young people probably the formation of a committee, could avoid the predicted shambles of to take up bushwalking. but the benefits could be considerable the Olympics for those not interested in We expect there would be a strong and the exercise a lot of fun. competitive sports I have to report that market for a documentary series on Scriptur Union club is enthusiastic the Opening Ceremony looked marvel- bushwalking. Over the years there has about the prospects of a TV documen- lous on TV in a youth hostel in a Finnish been a strong following in Australia for tary on The Bushwalkers and hopes Village whose name dates from 1743 programs on leisure and the outdoors that many other affiliated clubs would when it was on the eastern frontier (eg. Getaway, The Great Outdoors) and look at lending their support. between Sweden and Russia. on observation of and interaction with Yours faithfully Also that in Estonia the community the natural environment (eg. Bush Tony Miller Chris Owens cauldron at the yachting venue for the Tucker Man, Harry Butler in the Wild). 1980 Olympics based in Moscow 9

In addition short documentaries have records only the Bushwalker The featured strongly on the ABC in recent names of years. Consider for instance the series on Russian win- Bondi, Kings School, and learning to ners! (The three dive. Baltic states There would be no shortage of were under material for a short TV series on Confed- Russian occupa- eration and club bushwalking. Events, tion until about topics and activities that could be 1990) highlighted include links between bushwalking and growth of the conservation movement (eg. Blue Gum Forest campaign), small party expeditions in remote areas, the annual NavShield Rogain, day walks popular with clubs but less known to the general public, Douglas-Apsley National Park Tasmania - photo Colin Wood

Trekking temples and Tigers ...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club B USHWALKING LEADERSHIP L EGAL CONSIDERATIONS

EGAL LIABILITY The area of Civil Law provides for or an omission, which is contrary to that L compensation in matters where there of the perceived behaviour of the This section examines the Australian are accidents causing injury. It is con- reasonable, prudent person. and NSW legal system in relation to cerned with assessing fair compensation 3. The breach must lead to injury: outdoor and experiential education. It in terms of the pain and suffering that the real physical and/or psychological focuses on liability and negligence and injured person experienced through the damage that is legally recognisable and the available insurance protection. fault of another person. Damages when compensable. It must be shown that the Leaders should be aware of the current awarded to the injured party are mon- negligent act contributed or led to the laws in this area, and of any potential etary damages paid by way of compensa- injury. changes to those laws occurring through tion. 4. The injury that was occasioned and the setting of precedents. The ideas The area of Criminal Law is con- the damage that occurred must have been presented in this section must not be cerned with acts that are deemed so reasonably foreseeable, ie the type of thought of as legal advice. For all ques- serious that they are criminal in nature. accident and the damage which occurred tions about the law, consult a lawyer! must have been of such a nature that an C RIMINAL LIABILITY H OW LIABILITIES ARISE It is conceivable that as the degree of ordinary person could have reasonably A legal liability is a liability arising negligence increases you can cross the foreseen it. from the operation of the law, creating an line from civil to criminal negligence, to In summary, you are negligent if you obligation on the part of one person to a situation where the court views the owe a duty of care which you breach, compensate another for injury or damage actions or conduct of the party at fault to that results in a foreseeable accident

10 sustained by that other. The liability may 10 be so grossly culpable that criminal causing injury to one or more of the arise either in tort, in statute or in proceedings may be brought against the participants or to a third party. contract. In tort, the liability arises out party at fault. Whereas civil liability I NSURANCE FOR LIABILITY of a breach of duty of care, which a usually deals with the award of compen- Liability insurance policies offer person owes to all other people. In sation to the injured party, criminal protection to all persons who may incur contract, the liability arises out of a liability can give rise to penalties im- a legal liability and not just in terms of breach of obligation which one person posed on those deemed culpable includ- liability of an operator to an injured

The Bushwalker owes to another with whom the contract ing both the sponsoring organisation and participant. The different types of is made. In statute, the liability arises out the individual staff member. (The Club policies available provide indemnity to of a breach of a statutory duty. and the Leader). the insured for his or her legal liability, In tort, the duty is always fixed by which may arise at common law, under law, in contract, the obligation is some- C IVIL LIABILITY In most cases where a leader is found statute or under contract. There are times fixed by the terms of the agree- many different types of liability policies. ment between the parties to the contract, to be liable, it is in the area of civil liability. Civil liability arises when the Cover may be provided in a policy and sometimes fixed by law. In tort the covering one particular type of risk or in duty may arise under common law for Leader is deemed to have acted contrary to, or failed to act as, an ordinary, a combined or package policy offering example, the common law duty of care protection against several eventualities. which a person owes to society gener- reasonable and prudent person would have in the same situation. The operator must be aware of the risks ally) or under statute (for example, the that they should be insuring for, and the statutory duty to guard against dangerous N EGLIGENCE type of policy needed to cover them. Before a person can be found to be machinery). In contract, the obligation The policies considered below fall liable in either a civil or criminal (apart from that which a party accepts as into two main groups: compulsory context, they must first be shown to be a term of the contract) may arise either at insurances and optional insurances. negligent. To establish negligence it must common law (for example, the common Compulsory insurances are those which be proved that the four premises of law duty of a bailee in respect of goods are made compulsory by statute. Op- negligence were present and took place. in his or her charge) or under statute (for tional insurances are those where the The four premises are as follows. example, the implied condition of obligation to insure is not imposed on 1. A duty of care must be owed to warranties as to fitness or quality, under the insured by law. There are, however, both the participants in the program and legislation governing the sale or supply instances where to insure is assumed or any third party who may be affected by of goods). imposed under contract. For example, in the participants actions. Undeniably, The matter that commonly concerns contracting with the NSW National operators and leaders of outdoor experi- most Leaders is their exposure to legal Parks and Wildlife Service for access ential education programs owe a duty of liability arising from an accident causing and usage of their parks, it is required care to their participants regardless of injury to participants involved in their that the operator takes out a public any legal form they may have signed program. To establish this we need to liability policy which is classed as an prior to participating. understand the legal framework in place optional insurance. The basic cover 2. it must be shown that there was that deals with such matters. The law is offered by each class of insurance is some kind of breach of that standard or divided into two separate and distinct summarised in brief below areas; Civil Law and Criminal Law. duty. Such a breach can be either an act Continued on page 14 Walk Safely - Walk With a Club......

ALK THE ALK Continued from page 1 W ALKING WITH W W INALLIENABLE RIGHT TO BOIL A HILDREN This is extracted from the Austral- BILLY & ENJOY A CAMPFIRE, a C Cherished Birthright of all campers & Judy hellyer - Bankstown Bushwalkers ian Standard September issue. Confed- eration was represented at the drafting picnickers across the land, for many Taking the kids out bushwalking is committee generations, definitely a time for planning. Anybody Australia with its vast areas Of We are in receipt of many excuses, who has taken out a tribe even to the city national parks and terrain ranging from ranging from - Wood gets stolen to on a summers day will know the parental tropical rain forests to alpine highlands Criticism of quality of wood,Too catchcry, expect the unexpected. I had offers a diversity of walking experi- time consuming and Insufficient been to Wentworth Falls once before and ences To provide a means of consist- Funds etc. but NPWS Budget has never while the maps say easy (for the ently classifying the many different been greater, and whereas entry to National Pass); my six year old earned a tracks that already exist or are to be is National Parks was FREE for well over few piggy backs on the return journey. constructed or modified, a Standard, a hundred years, now there is a consider- Im a train person, it seems more in walking tracks Part 1 Classification and able FEE to enter, & an ADDITIONAL line with the ethics of a bushwalk, but it signage developed by CS-029, is close fee to camp. does mean more work on the adults part. to publication. It specifies the level of How many people do you actually (Do I really need to add one more car on development for six classes of track see WORKING in the Parks? - As an already crowded and dirty road?) Be Class 1 tracks are the most devel- against a growing army of tertiary- prepared for a long journey to the oped in terms of modification to the trained rangers in new vehicles & mountains, but how easy it was to environment and are suitable for all manning modern offices. With the new provide paper and pencils, something levels of walkers or those in wheel- fees there is an EXPECTATION by chewy, a few games of I-spy, and a chairs users that maintenance should be IM- chance to instruct a little on a few topics, At the other end of the scale class 6 PROVED, net reduced. Everybody is ie , litter, feeding native birds (dont), tracks are the least developed. The saying that they want to see employees 11 how close can I go to the cliff edge (not environment is only modified for user willing to put their hands on the Bushwalker The at all!), etc. safety or nature conservation. They are Brushcutter & Chainsaw. , Pick up the The excitement of going bush was for experienced walkers who are Shovel & the Rake. Perhaps its time for met with the seriousness of responsibil- equipped to navigate unmarked routes. a complete rethink on Park management ity. They each had to carry their own The standard identifies six elements & employment! pack with their lunch, and water. I made that are used for classifying cracks, Rangers will tell you that there is a them carry (yes, the six year old, too) a These include things like the accessibil- plan to install Gas & Electric BBQs, litre each, and the eleven year old two ity of the track (e.g. provision of Where are they? The plan would run to litres. We also had belts with bottles for wheelchair access), the level of experi- millions & they wont boil a billy or keep easy access, which we refilled as needed. ence required by the walker and the you warm on cold nights. If you dont Going across the highway to Wilsons provision of facilities like lookouts and make urgent & strong protest, then its Park, we went down Darwins Track campsite. very likely that long-accepted rights will taking about ¾ of an hour, including The Standard will also provide be lost forever.,- And what comes next? stopping for water. This put us at the top Guidance on the design, fabrication and (INACTION will simply be inter- of Wentworth Falls, whereupon we use of track marker, and information preted as APPROVAL.) turned right, and in five minutes wit- signs to be used on the tracks Concerned users might like to direct nessed the breathtaking views from the Use of the Standards will mean enquires to - top of the 600m high cliffs. This is, in walkers will be better able to assess National Parks & Wildlife Service, itself, worth the one and a half hour train tracks before using them. Selecting 43 Bridge St.Hurstville.2229 trip, and seemed in our case, to put wings those that will provide the experience Minister for the environment, Level - on the childrens feet as they raced the and facilities they are looking for. And 25,59 to 61 Goulburn St.Syd.2000 cliff track to see more. track builders and managers will know We went for two hours in on the what elements are required for Provid- undercliff track,(one hour in is plenty), ing a particular type of track or to stopped for lunch, and then turned back. simply classify an existing track. A REPLY WAS This way there was no danger of Committee Walking Track Signs PROMISED BY THE overtiring and coming back late and Chairman: Peter Savage Dept. of unhappy. We saw plenty of bush, cliffs, Emergency services, Qld NPWS, BUT AT THE hair-raising drops, ferns, and a few Projects Manager. Neil Patterson TIME OF GOING TO tourists. (Sydney) PRESS IT WAS NOT Budding Crocodile Dundeettes and [email protected] FORTHCOMMING Dundinas could go further into the national parks, while some might just want to see a little bit of our great outdoors. Either way, it is up to the parent to make the journey meaningful and enjoyable for each individual child...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club

Continued from page 1 Six kilometres on rocky outcrops It is so good that care must be taken to next two days. named for local pioneers McEachern avoid eating the skewer. For three days the track followed the and Noble provide a welcome respite After the wrench of leaving steak river, approaching at the low, landing from the sand and reveal Pipi, Turban sandwich and cappuccino we tackled the sites, retreating as the high cliffs at the and Whelk shells in Aboriginal middens. sand of Bridgewater Bay, then a low, outside bends dictated. Beyond Nobles Rocks an rocky headland sent us inland to inland track through Coastal Trewalla Camp.Then we were back on Wattle, Tea-tree and She-oaks the sand to the end of the bay where a reaches and skirts Mombeong short climb leads to sandstone ledges on Lake and on to the campsite. A Cape Nelson headland and eventually to swim in the clear, fresh water is the Lighthouse. We are welcomed with a most acceptable after 23 kilome- sausage sizzle, compliments of the new tres of beach, rock and sand lessee. dunes. We reach Mallee Camp - named for Next morning a blanketing the rare Soap Mallee (E. diversifolia), this mist has rolled in from the area is thought to be the eastern extrem- Southern Ocean - Dons tent, ity of its range. less than 30 metres distant, is From here it is a stroll into Portland, not visible. but still the walk has surprises - the A short inland track returns Enchanted Forest, an old land slip us to the beach and its beach for covered with dense, almost tropical 15 kilometres to the access track vegetation including extremely tall to Swan Lake Camp. Sadly, Melaleuca - Yellow Rock - Crayfish Bay. Swan Lake is devoid of swans - The walk draws to a close - past the and water. Smelter Nature Walk, the Gannet Track notes for the next day rookery, Bills Walk, enough cannons to 12 12 read: The beach alternative on excite Capt. Kidd and some wonderful, this section is NOT EASY early, stone buildings - the history of GOING. The sand is soft and Portland. the beach slopes seaward, As impressive as the Walk is, it is making comfortable walking outweighed by the audacity of the difficult. concept and the construction. Surry River Gorge The inland track passes The sheer volume of works: bridges, The Bushwalker between extensive dunes and a boardwalks, stairs, platforms, built and Pattersons Canoe Camp, with its pine plantation, then into Mount Rich- maintained by volunteers must be seen 1834 heritage boatshed, magnificent mond National Park. to be believed. River Red Gums and feral Walnut tree Mount Richmond is a volcanic tuff Erosion control works alone must - complete with Walnuts marked the cone some 2 million years old, now run to thousands of hours. They are culmination of a memorable three days. covered by windblown coastal sands. innovative and they are working - they Next day we walked to Hirths The park contains a rich diversity of are bringing vegetation back to grazing- Landing, hitched a ride on the Nelson flora including gums, wattles, banksias ravaged limestone. Endeavour downstream to Nelson, the and hakeas. Gordon Page was walk leader. He has halfway point of the walk. A delectable Tarragal Camp is reached soon after obviously spent an incredible amount of dinner of Jewfish and a mountain of leaving the Park.This inland retreat from time working on the track, such is his chips were a celebratory feast after a Discovery Bay adds a day to the walk knowledge of all of its 250 kilometres. week of camp fare. but has the advantage of including The group owes him very special thanks. The second week began with a Mount Richmond, a morning- tea break Undoubtedly there must be many marked change in terrain, from the at Bridgewater Lakes and an early arrival other volunteers, but of course for our benign forest and placid river to the ever at The Springs Camp next day. walking group the most visible were - breaking waves of the Southern Ocean This allowed time to visit the cliff- Friends of The Great South West Walk. and the endless beach of Discovery Bay base spring, via the ramp built by hand I think it should read - with its immense arc of sand stretching in 1920 to give cattle access to the water. Great Friends of the South West into the dim distance. We walked on along the cliff base to Walk. Left foot, right foot - the temptation Green Pool where breaking waves top Available from: is to count the steps to the far, unseen end the protecting, black-rock rampart to Portland Visitor Information Centre of the bay. To do so would be to court become a waterfall of white foam PO Box 245 Portland 3305 - insanity. To resist the temptation you flowing into the sheltered pool. are A broadsheet map ($1.00) wrench your gaze from the foot prints The track from The Springs hugs the A detailed strip map book ($3.50) ahead - look towards the vegetated cliff edge, past Blowholes (now col- Further info from: frontal dunes - towards the advancing lapsed), Petrified Forest, the Australian Friends of the Great South West waves arriving from an ocean unclut- Fur Seal colony near Cape Bridgewater Walk tered by land - photograph people - and around to the Cape Bridgewater The Secretary photograph Shipwreck Rocks. Kiosk - yes, it IS on the map. Here a PO Box 192 Dont count the foot prints - dont steak sandwich contains so much it is Portland 3305 count the prints. speared with a skewer to hold it together. Walk Safely - Walk With a Club...... Continued from page 10 prevent a participant using the grounds M EDICAL HISTORY FORMS P ROFORMAS LIMITING that they didnt give permission to Medical History Forms are used by IABILITY participate in the program. Additionally L the Leader to identify any physical Exclusions Clauses - Waivers of it prevents them from claiming that disabilities or health problems of the Liability, Liability indemnities whilst they gave permission they had no participants, which may influence their These generally take the form of a realisation of the risks involved. ability to partake in the program and/or document sent out to a participant or Legal opinion suggests that such increase the risk of the program or its guardian of the participant asking then: Proformas do offer a degree of protec- activities, and so adversely affect the to waive their right to sue and to exclude tion from claims of this nature, but only health of the participant. the Leader from liability. They are very with certain provisos. Many forms also contain a clause controversial and the opinion obtained The principle of law that dictates seeking permission to obtain medical or indicates they are of little use. The courts these provisos is what the judicial system emergency evacuation services in the take a dim view of exclusion clauses and calls informed Consent. That this says event of injury or illness of the partici- are inclined to rule, for a variety of legal is that if a participant gives consent for pant. reasons, that Leaders cannot contract participation in a program in ignorance Medical forms should be treated their way out of negligence. of the risks involved, then the consent with total confidentiality and only the given is negated. Therefore, consent for C ONSENT FORMS AND persons who really need to know the participation must he obtained from the R ECOGNITION OF RISK information contained on them should participant, with his or her full knowl- have access to them. They must be kept C LAUSES edge of the risks involved. Two ways of in a safe place and out of sight of other The consent form is often used with doing this that should be used together participants. miners. If it is sent out to parents or are: guardians and seeks their consent for the Adding a clause to the consent form D ISCLAIMER child to partake in the program. It also that specifies the activities involved in The information contained within asks them to realise and accept that there the program and the risks involved. The this document needs to be adapted to suit are certain inherent risks involved in the the unique circumstances. etc safety, risk 13 difficulty here is trying to list all the Bushwalker The activities of the program. A recognition different risks without leaving any out. and management concerns of individuals of risk clause is also used for adult The second thing you can do, which and their programs. Neithier this publi- participants. hopefully covers any of the risks you cations authors, nor any reviewing It is important to understand that may have missed, is to use your consent committee, accept any responsibility for these forms do not ask a participant not form in conjunction with a full and the application of this information to sue, take action, OR exclude the detailed description of the program and whatsoever. The interpretation and Leader from liability. Their purpose is to all the activities and events involved application of the information compiled here is strictly at the discretion, risk and responsibility of the reader, Join the growing list of Bushwalkers who subscribe to The Bushwalker every quarter. Keep up with all the news and developments happening within the NSW bushwalking scene for only $6 per year. (This covers posting and handling charges only, the magazine is free) Name...... Address...... Post- code...... Do you belong to a bushwalking club? yes/no If yes name of Club...... If NO would you like a copy of our clubs list free. Please tick. Payment can be made by cheque, money order made out to Confederation of Bushwalking Clubs PO Box 2090 GPO Sydney 1043 R ECEIVE THE BUSHWALKER’ S LAST 18 ISSUES( UPGRADEABLE EACH YEAR) PLUS THIS ISSUE ON CD WITH A BONUS OF THE FIRST ANNUAL PUBLISHED IN 1937 ALSO THE LATEST CLUBS LIST THE BUSHWALKERS CODE AND N ATURAL AREAS POLICY A LL FOR $25 INC P&H Adobe Acrobat 4 Reader included. Send request to Bushwalkers NSW PO Box 2090 Syd- ney 1043. Payment can be made by cheque or money order to The Confederation of Bushwalking Clubs NSW ...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club

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15 The Bushwalker The ...... Walk Safely - Walk With a Club 16 16 The Bushwalker Walk Safely - Walk With a Club...... C ONFEDERATION CALENDAR FOR 2000 GET THESE EVENTS ON YOUR CLUBS PROGRAMME AND TEAR OUT AND PUT IT ON YOUR FRIDGE. noitaredefnoCht61 yraunaJ gnittemlareneg LSRdleifhsA noitaredefnoCht02 ruoh6ht52 yraurbeF gnittemlareneg nrehtroNeniagorteM LSRdleifhsA sehcaeB noitaredefnoCht02 ts1-hcraMts13 rh21ht11-01 hcraM gnittemlareneg R&SlirpA dlQnwoD-edispU LSRdleifhsA gniniarT eniagoRrh6ts1 rh42/21ht8/7 noitaredefnoCht71 lirpA -2620TCA fotseweniagoR gnittemlareneg 433574 sniatnuoMeulB LSRdleifhsA rh42ht6/5 noitaredefnoCht51 tSyaMht72/ht62 yaM TCAeniagoR gnittemlareneg dia-tsriFnhoJ spihsnoipmahC LSRdleifhsA gniniart noitaredefnoCht91 eniagoRrh6ht71 enuJ gnittemlareneg nillapyddaP LSRdleifhsA 17

*RWBht8&ht7 Bushwalker The noitaredefnoCht71 ycnegremE yluJ gnittemlareneg secivreS LSRdleifhsA dleihSvaN ht11 noitaredefnoCts12 noitaredefnoC tsuguA gnittemlareneg lareneGlaunnA LSRdleifhsA gniteeM launnAts12 noitaredefnoCht81 sreklawhsuB rebmetpeS gnittemlareneg ecnadhsuB LSRdleifhsA llahnwoTmahsreteP noitaredefnoCht61 SdecnavdAts12/02 nhoJ.tSht82/72 rebotcO gnittemlareneg gniniarTR& gniniarTdiAtsriF LSRdleifhsA noitaredefnoCht02 rebmevon gnittemlareneg LSRdleifhsA noitaredefnoCht81 rebmeceD gnittemlareneg LSRdleifhsA

The Remote Area First-aid course is designed to equip those individuals whose interests, activities or employment takes them to isolated areas, with the knowledge and skills necessary to give ongoing care, over a prolonged period of time, to an ill/injured casualty. For enquires contact St John Ambulance N.S.W. (02) 9212-1088. Courses will also be conducted on request for groups of 12 or more. To become a member of the Rogaine Association phone 9990-3480 or visit the website at http://rogaine.asn.au The Confederation of Bushwalking Clubs represents over 67 clubs and 10,500 walkers in NSW. Visit our website at www.bushwalking.org.au - email [email protected]. Phone (02) 9294-6797 Any member of any club may attend meetings of the Confederation. *BWR Bushwalker Wilderness Rescue