Christmas Gifts & Holiday Shopping for Divers Discover Solomon Islands Medical Diving with GLOBAL EDITION Dec :: Jan Diabetes 2006-07 Number 14 Portfolio David Pilosof Do It Right Ecology Stingrays Travel Tips AWESOME For Mermaids

TIGERAustralia SHARKS BYRON BAY BONDI BEACH Going it Alone NINGALOO TASMANIA KENT GROUP

A co-production with Underwater AustralAsia — underwater.com.au COVER PHOTO BY PETER PINNOCK 1 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 DIRECTORY X-RAY MAG is published by AquaScope ‘Tis the Season to Give Gifts: Copenhagen, Denmark - www.aquascope.biz www.xray-mag.com Holiday Shopping for Divers... See page 75 14K GOLD SEA TURTLE PENDANT DESIGNED BY EVAN LLOYD PRICED AT US$281.25 WWW.LLOYDSLIMITED.COM PUBLISHER CO- EDITORS (continued) Manta Ray. Photos by Wags & Kelly & EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Millis Keegan Peter Symes - Opinions and ‘DiveGuru.net’ [email protected] Michael Arvedlund - Ecology MANAGING EDITOR Jason Heller - Photography contents & CREATIVE DIRECTOR Dan Beecham - Videography Gunild Pak Symes Michel Tagliati - Medicine [email protected] Leigh Cunningham ADVERTISING - Americas & United Kingdom: Edwin Marcow Kevin Brennan - Sharks, Adventures [email protected] Willy Volk, Catherine GS Lim International Sales Manager: - News Arnold Weisz Michael Portelly [email protected] Arnold Weisz South East Asia Rep: Catherine GS Lim, Singapore CONTRIBUTORS THIS ISSUE [email protected] Michael Arvedlund, PhD Marketing Manager: Dan Beecham Yann Saint-Yves Andrey Bizyukin, PhD [email protected] Thea Brolund SENIOR EDITOR Michael Symes Leigh Cunningham [email protected] George Evatt Richard Fitzpatrick TECHNICAL MANAGER Karen Gowlett-Holmes Søren Reinke [email protected] Jason Heller Thyge Dahl Hermansen CORRESPONDENTS Tim & Wandy Hochgrebe Scott Bennett - Canada/SE Asia Millis & Brian Keegan Enrico Cappeletti - Italy Catherine GS Lim Jordi Chias - Spain Carly Maple John Collins - Ireland Edwin Marcow 28 31 34 40 Jeff Dudas - CA, USA 42 plus... Gary Myors AUSTRALIAN CATCH A TIGER BY THE TAIL BYRON BAY CHILLIN’ IN BONDI BEACH KENT GROUP MARINE EDITORIAL 3 Tim Hochgrebe - ADVENTURE TAGGING TIGERSHARKS -- BY TIM SYDNEY HARBOR RESERVE, TASMANIA Tomas Knutsson - Iceland Peter Pinnock NEWS - DEMA 5 BY TIM HOCHGREBE BY RICHARD FITZPATRICK & WANDY HOCHGREBE BY RICHARD VEVERS BY GARY MYORS Marcelo Mammana - Argentina Cindy Ross MERMAID MATTERS 57 Yonatan Nir - Israel Gunild Pak Symes DIVE GURUS 62 Svetlana Murashkina - Russia Peter Symes WHALES & DOLPHINS 66 Gary Myors - Tasmania Anders Tychsen 46 57 68 71 88 SEA TURTLE NEWS 68 Barb Roy - WA & AK, USA Richard Vevers NINGALOO REEF COLOGY TOP THE ILLING MEDICINE: DISCOVER E : S K BOOKS & MEDIA 79 Nonoy Tan - Philippines Paul & Kelly Wags WESTERN AUSTRALIA STINGRAYS TURTLES ON BALI DIVING WITH DIABETES THE SOLOMON ISLANDS BUSINESS DIRECTORY 94 Yann Saint-Yves - France Karen Wilshaw BY WAGS & KELLY BY MICHAEL ARVELUND BY KURT AMSLER BY THEA BROLUND BY PETER PINNOCK & ANDERS TYCHSEN CO- EDITORS Andrey Bizyukin See our Contacts page for more - Caving, Equipment, Medicine information at: xray-mag.com columns... Not yet subscribed to SUBSCRIPTION X-RAY MAG? Sign up now! X-RAY MAG International Edition in English is FREE. 74 77 80 83 99 It’s FREE! QUICK! EASY! To subscribe, go to: www.xray-mag.com HOLIDAY SHOPPING: TECHNICAL: SHARK TALES: PHOTOGRAPHY: PORTFOLIO: click here... COVER PHOTO GREAT STOCKING STUFFERS DEEP DIVE WISDOM BITS & BITES SCUBA ZOO DAVID PILOSOF Diver with Big Eye Jacks, by Peter Pinnock EDITED BY GUNILD SYMES BY LEIGH CUNNINGHAM EDITED BY EDWIN MARCOW BY DAN BEECHAM EDITED BY GUNILD SYMES (CONTINUED ON PAGE 4)

2 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 Amsterdam Barcelona Cape Town Chicago Copenhagen London Moscow Okinawa Oslo Paris Ravenna Reykjavik San Francisco Sharm El Shiekh Warsaw and

There are “Only 50 years left’ for sea fish”, “UN considers deep sea editorial trawling ban”, “Seafood stocks are under siege, scientists say” and “Collapse of All Wild Fisheries Running Out of Fish Predicted in 45 Years”. Well, these were some random Are We Now? pickings from another bunch of These findings which imply thatfish- joyful headlines from the past ing can contribute to a boom or month or so. Almost makes you bust swing in the supplies of the and shaking can it take before it want to cancel the paper, no? targeted fish stock surprised some comes tumbling down in ruins and Of course most of the press scientists, who alledgedly thought becomes something else? corps goes right over the top as that fishing just caused predict- usual blowing things totally out able depletion. But it turned out Put simply of proportion losing track of both that sometimes it can cause an Now, to make a very long-winded facts and common sense. and technical explanation very Then, just as predictable, in The bottom line is, short, suffice it to say that a knee-jerk reaction, some quite simply, that we don’t need com- once systems get a just a short-sighted fishermen tries to teeny-weeny bit complex, rubbish the scientists’ findings plicated science to tell us that the way their future behaviour can’t right away in a desperate we effect, interact with and depend on be predicted accurately. You attempt to protect their liveli- have to resort to modellin—for hoods, as if it were the scien- the global ecosystem will be sending the example in computers—where tists who had invented the whole planet and humanity down the you simulate possible out- depletion of fish stocks. And comes. so, the pendulum swings and tubes, if we don’t change course Just consider a simple pen- debate goes on in the same dramatically and soon. dulum. The motion of this can predictable grooves with little be very accurately calculated. real action taken. increase. That makes predicting It was even used in clocks once, the amount of fish stock hard and right? But suspend one pendulum “Impact of Fishing on can lead to the collapse of fish- beneath another and the whole Species Found to be ing stocks when a bust follows a system—even as simple as this and Unpredictable” boom. even if the motion of the individual pendulums can be The longstanding debate on the Do’h! described accurate- impact of fishing on the variabil- I don’t know where the surprise ity of fishing stock in the world’s comes in, and which serious oceans then just got a tad bit researchers were actually sur- more complicated as research prised. I was dumbfounded. There published in Nature this past is nothing new or mysterious in October pointed out that the these‘news’. impact of fishing on the popula- You see, in my other previous tions of fish varies too much to be life, I used to be a researcher predictable. That led the research- myself working with ecological

ers to conclude that its impos- modelling, and my special area of ERIC WEISSTEIN’S WORLD OF SCIENCE sible to predict whether specific interest was looking into the pro- fish populations will collapse or gression of ecosystems over time rebound. and defining the limits of ecosys- tems’ structural integrity and which changes are likely if these limits were overstepped, i.e. by exter- nal disturbances. In other words, if we compare an ecosystem to a building, how much perturbation Click here to see it in motion 3 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED ly—soon exhibits chaotic behaviour. Ecosystems are also systems of inter- linked subsystems, but way more com- plex, in what is popularly called the food web. Can we, from looking at the compo- nents, predict where it is all going? No! The unpredictability of complex systems was already established in the 1930’s, so where does the surprise come in again? Can we, from the whole ecosystem’s KURT AMSLER / SOS SEATURTLES apparent behaviour and trend and infer- ences from past experiences and exam- Support SOS-SeaTurtles ples, make any reasonable guess-timates as to where we are heading? Did we Sign the petition online, click here ☼ learn anything from almost wiping out the North American bison, the pacific salmon, Thousands of sea turtles are being slaughtered often suffering the rhino, the tiger? Hopefully, yes! an ugly painful death by being skinned alive. Click here to send an email with a “Letter of Protest” to the Governor of Bali A final note and copies sent to other important officials The bottom line is, quite simply, that we don’t need complicated science to tell Click here to visit SOS Sea Turtle’s webpage ☼ us that the way we effect, interact with and depend on the global ecosystem will Want to know why? Turn to page 68 and read on be sending the whole planet and human- ity down the tubes, if we don’t change course dramatically and soon. We just need to open our eyes. The The “Awesome Australia” travel section in this issue fishes are all gone in some places, and was brought to you thanks to our associates from steadily declining elsewhere. The progres- underwaterwater.com.au: sion of this development doesn’t take a scientist to figure out (says this under- signed scientist). You can start by shopping responsibly next time you go to the supermarket! ■ We remember when he was just a minnow.

X-RAY MAG is distributed six Unsolicited manuscripts, ® times per year on the Internet. photographs and illustra- Editorial statement regarding As the official dive training agency for Walt Disney World for 10 magical years, our friendship there runs © 2004-2006 X-RAY MAG. All tions should be emailed to: News from NAUI in X-RAY MAG: pretty deep. To celebrate our decade together, NAUI® will host DiveQuest at Epcot’s ® “The Living Seas” rights reserved. [email protected] Material in this publication attraction during the national trade show this November. Industry professionals can win a VIP DiveQuest may not be reproduced or X-RAY MAG accepts no transferred electronically in responsibility for unsolicited ticket. Contact Chad Barbay at 407-245-7810 or [email protected]. any form without written per- materials sent to its office, It’s a chance to feel like a big fish in a very big pond. X-Ray Magazine is mission from the copyright nor is it liable for loss or This issue of X-RAY MAG and a proud member of owner. damage to such materials. others includes news and press releases from NAUI in sections & Marketing Views and information X-RAY MAG observes a designated by the NAUI logo. Association expressed in articles are those strict privacy policy. No per- While the page design is done by Visit us online at www.nauiww.org. X-RAY MAG as an integrated part www.dema.org of the individual author and sonal or private information of the magazine, these news sto- are not necessarily repre- will be shared with a third ries are brought to you by NAUI at sentative of views held by party without the written NAUI’s discretion. X-RAY MAG or its affiliates. permission of the owner.

4 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED THE FACTS AND VIEWPOINTS IN THIS SECTION ARE NOT NECESSARILY THE VIEWS OF X-RAY MAG. EQUIPMENT PRESENTED IN THIS SECTION HAVE NOT BEEN TESTED BY X-RAY MAG STAFF, NOR ARE THE ITEMS WARRANTEED. INFORMATION PROVIDED IS CONDENSED FROM MANUFACTURERS’ DESCRIPTIONS. TEXTS ARE USUALLY EDITED FOR LENGTH, CLARITY AND STYLE. LINKS ARE ACTIVE AT THE TIME OF PUBLICATION Seen at DEMA 2006

Ran Vered, David NEWS & Doubilet, and Howard Rosenstein from News edited Fantasea by Peter Symes Equipment JASON HELLER Impressions from Wayne Hasson, from the Aggressor Fleet, organ- ized busloads of 200 high POINT & CLICK ON the 30th DEMA school students to tour BOLD LINKS the show floor and learn

Orlando, November 8-11 JASON HELLER about careers in diving

Uh-oh. Time for the For dive industry professionals worldwide, spective buyers, some of which actually wares interspersed with training agencies, annual DEMA report DEMA is one of the major annual highlights brought some fresh thinking to the table. publishers, environmental organizations, of the year. As is the case with Christmas, On the floor, we also find resorts and dive treasure hunters, dive magazines, apparel again. Like tax returns, anticipation tends to start early nurturing operators from all continents offering their and jewellery and every imaginable flavour it routinely catches me ongoing speculation about what surprises a bit off-guard that it’s will be unveiled this year by the secre- already that time of tive manufacturers. For the uninitiated, the DEMA show is the biggest and most year again. I always significant dive trade show on the planet, struggle a bit with but it is also a trade show with admission either one as I have for dive industry professionals only—it is off to put all my creativ- limits for the general public. In a conven- tion hall that looks like the size of Boeing’s ity into one report but 747 assembly building, over 600 exhibitors none whatsoever into from all over the world have erected what the other—but here seems to be a small town of booths and displays big enough to warrant its own tram we go... line. Along the seemingly endless rows of long By Peter Symes isles of booths, pavilions and exhibitions, With additional reporting we find a diverse mixture of established and photography by equipment brands—such as ,, Millis Keegan Aqualung and many others—blended with Jason Heller a sound undergrowth of sprouting enter- and Eric Cheng prises all vying for the interest of the pro- PETER SYMES PETER SYMES 5 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Silly or Great? Ear dryer We used to be on The Sahara DryEar ear the lookout for the dryer circulates safe, gen- craziest or most silly tle, warm air inside the ear invention at the DEMA show, such as the twin canal and evaporates the tube or the snorkel with built-in FM-radio. This year, trapped water leaving the however, we are not quite sure whether the Amphibian fin by natural environment in the brothers Abraham and Ronen qualifies or it is a stroke of gen- ear relatively unchanged. ius in disguise. We are all quite familiar with the problematic It’s the first ever, totally issue of walking around in fins, right? In this original fin natural way to dry your design, the blades pivot up thanks to hinges placed ears and at the same time on both sides of the foot. Since the fin is already in minimize the number of two pieces, OmegaAquatics plans to add more infections due to the moist features like interchangeable blades in the coming environment in the ears year. Currently available in colors of blue, yellow, green after a dive. www.dryear.net and grey. www.omegaaquatics.com

of ocean-related businesses. dive industry has been struggling since here and there, which will be presented So, how was this year’s DEMA, the the turn of the millennium, and it has in the following pages. But DEMA is much 30th of its kind? I have been to 13 experienced a strong change in dive more than just displaying new inventions of the past 15, and in these years, it travel, which 9/11, SARS and the turmoil and travel destinations, it is also a buzzing has always been a dynamic market- in the Middle East didn’t exactly help. So, meeting place where numerous seminars place—some years much more so it was a pleasure to see that at this year’s are held. ■ than others. The past couple of years show, a lot of the 1990’s dynamic energy have been disturbingly quiet, with was back. Most of the major manufac- the show in Houston in 2004 being turers were back in the show, and there an outright lame show low point. The was once more some interesting news

A typical scene: Bartering on the show floor. Bob Evans, founder and of Fin, demonstrates his latest design

Some of our fellow digital media ‘accomplices’. Wendy and Jason Heller of DivePhotoGuide (above) and (right) Eric Cheng of WetPixel and Willy Volk of Divester

6 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Mares Alikai Today, we are highly restricted when traveling by air, and Mares has taken that to heart when presenting this lightweight BC for women. It folds to a compact size, is comfort- able and promises a great boyancy lift. A special feature Now for to save the back, is the Trim Weight pockets, placed on the saltwater tank strap, holding up to 6kg/13lbs. Will women be attracted by the fact that The new Submerge model is a fast u/w scooter that Allikai means the ”Queen of the Sea”? weighs under 50 pounds. With its single 20 cell pack it is www.mares.com supposed to run a minimum of 60 minutes up to 100 min- utes. It has the same driveline/motor and construction as previous models, and comes with a three-year corrosion warranty. www.silent-submersion.com

It’s here. The regu- Status lator that monitors your use and tells you when it needs service. The Status compact Liquivision first stage accomplishes that with a digital display. This could save you We were looking for some money. The Status is compat- something new in ible to EAN 40 and comes stand- mask design, and I think we found ard with an environmental dry kit it. The mask that you don’t have to equalize, is that suitable for cold water diving. Four even possible? The Nirvana-2 says it is, the mask is filled medium ports 3/8” UNF with salty saline water, and the special lenses in the goggle and one high pressure port 7/16” is supposed to correct your vision. Because the goggle is filled UNF. www.apeks.co.uk with water, it can never fog or leak. It sounds to good to be true, and I can’t wait to try a pair. www.liquivision.ca Cobra2 The air integrated Suunto Cobra2 is a full-featured Analox It only takes a small con- centration of Carbon . It Monoxide, breathed monitors and displays at pressure, to have an pressure, tracks your adverse effect on the These fins created with hydrodynamic MorFin rate of air consumption human body. The Analox ‘wing’ shapes aspire to lift you for- and continuously calcu- CO Clear™, with a fixed ward in the water like a small lates your remaining air alarm, that continuously airplane. They can be time. Two-gas switching monitors for high levels used with traditional , Air, and of Carbon Monoxide strokes, but Gauge modes, contamination from their strength and an elec- compressors is a tool shows when tronical compass with tilt to help a filling station to using the sensor perfects this tool. deliver clean air. dolphin kick. www.suunto.com www.analox.net Mor-fin.com

7 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Aqualung i3

Next step in BC technology is the streamlined Sea Quest Pro QD with an integrated infla- tion and deflation system. The system has control- ling ascent and descent by pulling a lever up and down. The lever is fixed to the BC on the left lower side. Pull up, and air from the tank enters the Swiss Video Lights BC; pull down, and both the This small and powerfull video light gives a upper and lower one-way air natural white light of daylight quality with valve simultaneously releases a color of 5200 Kelvin at 21 air from the BC. This makes watts. It has eight settings ranging from 14 venting easier if you are in a to 28 watts. The light includes a bracket Wide head down position. For some that mounts easily on standard arm sys- old timers, this might take some tems and to top that off, it ads only 0.27kg screen time getting used to, but the to your gear. Burn time is 100-180 minutes. Designed to be easy-to-read, a large size dis- nice streamlined design could Another good feature is the overtempera- play was one of the primary requirements. To make up for that. Another neat ture protection that allows you to use the optimize readability in every circumstance, feature is the flat contour of the light also outside the water. special attention was also paid to the size valves, they are now actually www.keldanlights.com and brightness of the numbers when embedded in the vest rather designing this piece —so was maxi- than sitting on top of it. mizing the viewing angle of Nemo www.aqualung.com Wide. You have an easy four but- ton access to the system and a nice ergonomic design for comfort. www.mares.com

Hot Down It’s smaller Under Henderson than you think Perhaps Henderson’s most highly It can get cold while diving even advanced, patent pending mate- in Florida, but with the help of the And it will rial. The material called Insta “Heated Kidney Belt” you can lead you through Dry™ dries in just minutes. It is still keep warm under your suit. Put the dive with light. It really warm, has anti-microbial prop- your kidney belt on, and doesn’t matter how good a dive computer is if erties and keeps the water when needed, you can’t see the display when you are diving. shedding. The outer layer a push on the The display of the Liquivision F1 - Technical is made of durable, right spot will Grade Bottom Timer really shows you big non-pilling Micro Mesh release heat fonts on the display, bright and clear, with a high carbon. for up to an 180 degree viewing angle. You can not miss www.hendersonusa.com hour. your dive time and depth unless you close www.hotsuits. your eyes. www.liquivision.ca com.au

8 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED The first and only regulator dedicated to women, Ladies only writes Mares in their new 2007 catalogue.It is elegant, it is lightweight and comes (except in the US) with a anatomically designed ‘jAX mouth- piece’ that can be custom moulded. The second stage is built over the Mares Proton. www.mares.com

Whites Catalyst Unique above the May the Force shoulder to shoul- der self entry system (Fin) be with you CSS – patented Captive Suspension Bob Evans once again releases a forceful fin, System panels all not like any other. As always, a futuristic design, around the waist colorful, like nothing before seen. The beauty and above the of his new innovative models are that the knees (360°!) and blades are exchangeable. You keep the revolutionary pat- new comfortable footpocket and pick the tern design allowing fin blade that fits the dive you are about seven sizes to fit 90% to do. www.forcefin.com of all human beings! www.whitesdiving.com

Vyper2 The Suunto Vyper2 includes Gauge and Nitrox modes as the predecessor, but with the added feature of gas switching. The Suunto Vyper2 can be programmed in one per- cent increments for nitrox mixtures between 21 and 100 percent . It is also possible to adjust oxygen between 0.5 and 1.6 bar in 0.1-unit increments. Adjustments can be applied to both mixes. Wear it as a wrist unit with a protective boot, or mount it on a two-gauge console. www.suunto.com

9 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED TB130 Oxy booster This is a single stage, single acting air- driven gas (also suitable

for oxygen) All components are O2 clean. Technical Information: Length 600 mm/23.62 in, width 200 mm/7.87 in, net weight 15 kg/35 pounds (without whips) www.airetex.com

AquaSketch

Let there be light This new edition of the Neptune Space mask is constructed with parts made of Ergal, a lightweight and durable alu- minum compound used in aeronautics for applications requiring high mechanical resistance. These parts have a Arc Lenses light gold finish which recalls the helmets of the first deep This new gadget, meant to replace All Atomic Aquatics masks come standard with their special water divers. The mask design allows divers to make sensi- the u/w slates has a phosphores- Ultra-Clear optical quality glass with exceptional clarity, light tive micro adjustments to the airflow, even when using cent writing surface that illuminates transmission, and no color distortion. ARC technology coatings gloves. Surface treatments protect the mask from salt during night dives. Use the included further improve this already incredible lens material by reduc- water damage and tech-polymer protection treatments Graphite pencils to write on a 5- ing reflections and by allowing more light in the . allow the PREDATOR to be used in extreme conditions. foot roll of blank Vellum and sketch Atomic Aquatics introduced Ultra-Clear to the diving industry The total weight of the mask is 970 g with a positive buoy- little Nemo if your buddy is boring. and has never used low cost, poor quality green float glass like ancy of just 296 g, creating a light and comfortable fit. www.aquasketch.com the other masks on the market. www.atomicaquatics.com www.oceanreefgroup.com Side exhaust The Aqualung Kronos regulator has a combined venturi and -resistance knob to simpli- Weezle fy adjustments and also sports a side Cold feet are a major complaint of divers. exhaust system to warm the Weezle boots use the same innova- internal compo- tive materials as used in their undersuits. nents and Available in Compact and Extreme Flip-up camera . Instead of having an undersuit With HERO you will at least always have your camera sock that finishes at the ankle, we have ...erh... handy. It simply sits flat on a neoprene wristband extended it up the leg to just below the until you need it. Once needed, it pivots up in an upright knee. Ankle weight wearers will find that position—where it stays secured—you aim, shoot and this also adds a layer of comfort not hey presto your holiday shots for auntie Agatha is in disperse bub- featured in other undersuits and the box. Ant is not only for diving. Take it cycling, kay- bles—which especially long-legged people will aviod aking or climbing. Connects to your computer via a photographers will know having a cold gap. standard USB-cable. www.goprocamera.com to value. www.aqualung.com www.weezle.co.uk

10 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Smoke on Celebrating Two Years the Water of X-RAY MAG No, we are not referring to the clas- sic rock song by Deep Purple but the upcoming look on Atomic 12 FULL issues for just Aquatics Splitfin. As an added US$14.99! standard feature, the ele- gant “Smoke on the Water” Clever as Ever Includes Dive Guides for Malaysia, Aeris mask HUD model comes with the If you feel that you need Bali, South Africa, Cayman Islands, Not reallly the latest news as it was new spring strap. These some help controlling your Norway and the North American lauched by Oceanic mid 2006, but finally we have a variable pitch ascent rate and have an Pacific Northwest got to try one on. Like a Porsche, this mask is sort of and geometry that extra hundred dollars to spare, on the pricey side, but the finish is very nice and has both allows for a this handy little device might a luxurious feel to it. The mask feels good and, most more confortable be exactly what you need. importantly, the HUD display is both clear and easily fit and simple one- It clips on easily to your mask visible, yet not too imposing. Great for photographers handed remov- strap and gives off an alarm and others who carry stuff around and need to stay al. Available in when you ascend too fast. It focused. www.diveaeris.com early 2007. will also signal a safety decom- www.atomic- pression stop of 3 minutes at 15 aquatics.com feet of water. Will it help prevent diving death and diving-related injuries? It may or it may not, but it will most definitely make you aware of when you loose your and begin an unwanted ascent. However, what if you let yourself slip a lit- tle deeper than you were sup- posed to? Well, then you are on your own. The product is called Buy the CD & MARA, the Miniature Ascent Rate Alarm, and is invented by Master Help Save the Oceans! Underwater Technologies A percent of all sales goes to www.masterunderwatertech.com ocean conservation projects. Makes a great gift for your H2Odyssea dive buddies and friends Barry Cohen / Body Glove Regulator Whites who love the oceans. Watches The “Magnum” is H2Odyssea’s Legend To order, visit our NiteIze third generation regulator. What This, their first compressed 2mm struck me upon handling it at neoprene that incor- new online store today! LED Wand the show is how compact the porates the patented Captive 15 hours is how long a first stage was and the excep- Suspension System panels under tiny button battery will tional finish. This forged brass first the arms, waist and above the last you on this signal stage, with environmental seal- knees, allows the most difficult X-RAY MAG wand, or marker, from ing, screws into any size tank technical movements to be NiteIze. It is shock and with ¾” thread. It is mostly used achieved effortlessly. STORE waterproof with a depth for redundant air systems but www.whitesdiving.com www.cafepress.com/xraymag rating of 1000ft / 300m. It can also be used on rebreath- also doubles as a handy ers and argon systems. pointer. www.niteize.com (no website found) DISCOUNTED WHOLESALE PRICES AVAILABLE RETAILERS CONTACT: [email protected]

11 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED On Pure Oxygen A Push-button type of valve injects the oxygen in the breathing bag from the Oxygen cylinder. The gas is inhaled by the diver and the exhaled gas goes back inside the bag (one-way loop system). More oxygen is manually added by the diver as he/ she metabolizes. The gas is scrubbed by 2 in 1 the canister for Soda-lime Not exactly a new idea but modernized (CO2 filtration material). and sports a nice design. The OCTOS Gemini WARNING: replaces the conventional BC power infla- Rules stated by NOAA and Getting Hooked tor and back-up second stage regulator by the NAVY must Let’s face it, a certain fraction of combining the functions of both in a single be observed and followed humanity consists of knot-chal- convenient unit. Eliminates the need for one closely by the trained operator lenged members of our society. hose from the first stage. Provides excellent in order to avoid injury. The Figure 9 rope tightener breathing performance without the need www.divesafe.net eliminates the frustration of tying, for in-water adjustments. Power inflation, oral adjusting and untying knots inflation and exhaust trim valve operations www.niteize.com remain similar to the standard BC inflator and allow easy single-handed control. www.sherwoodscuba.com Getting Hooked Up Bag Tired of having your laptop running out of juice while Who doesn’t know the you are on a long-haul flight? Enter this little gizmo problem? Everyone which plugs into the passenger seat’s audio jack and tells you to be outputs regulated power to the attached USB charging careful with cable/connector. Price:$34.99 www.inflightpower.com your wetsuit, but no one shows you how Taking the inlaws on a picnic? to actually do The Discovery 1000 is a state-of-the-art submersible that offers that. iQ delivers panoramic viewing, contemporary styling, hydrodynamic effi- 55 mins of gas a : the ciency and extraordinary range, endurance and maneuverability. Homeland Security Group new Wetsuit Bag. Originally designed for launch and recovery from a superyacht, the International, Inc. informs us that With this bag the Discovery 1000 is a modular design available in either two, four or their newest product, Neptune transport and stor- six-passenger configuration all based on an identical external frame- EBD1, has been re-designed to age of your wetsuit work. A 40 KW diesel engine with hydrostatic drive can be added to extend the breathing time to fifty- will be a piece of each vehicle as an option to increase surface range and speed. five minutes. The new breathing cake. With a special The Discovery design prioritizes the following device measures approximately suspension feature, the characteristics: 13 inches long, 4 1/2 inches folding of the wetsuit will be * Minimum weight in air wide with a weight of just less reduced. An open net on one * Exceptional viewing than five pounds. The new side of the bag ensures ventilation, * High level of comfort version, which has not been officially while the other side is closed so that a wet * Low hydrodynamic drag named, will supply 55 to 60 minutes wetsuit will not drip during transport. An additional www.ussubs.com of positive, 2-stage regulated airflow compartment provides enough space for neoprene depending on stress. www.hsgint.com accessories like boots, gloves or others. It’s the best thing you can do for your second skin. www.iq-company.com

12 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Tiny Fish Learn to Sniff Out Predators Is It Okay to Eat Toothfish Again?

Small fish, big sense of smell... That’s what The Marine Stewardship Council in London has news researchers have found in a new study conduct- certified that a small Chilean sea bass (a.k.a. the ed at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada endangered Patagonian Toothfish) fishery in South and detailed in the journal Animal Behavior that Georgia and South Sandwich Islands in the South Edited by Peter suggests minnows can pick out the odor of a sin- Atlantic near is selling sustainably caught & Gunild Symes gle predator. sea bass. Now grocery chain stores such as eco- The sophisticated sense of smell of minnows conscious Whole Foods in the U.S. are once again was discovered when scientists exposed the offering Chilean sea bass to their customers after small fish to two different batches of water scent- a seven year hiatus. Critics of the move worry that Coral Transplants Rebuild ed with pike, a major predator of minnows. One customers will get the wrong idea, as the sea bass batch contained the scent of twelve pike fish, crisis is not quite over yet. Gerald Leape, the vice the other only two. The small fish reacted more president for marine conservation at the National Reefs Wrecked In Tsunami strongly to the latter because the batch con- Environmental Trust in Washington told the New York tained more “chemicals-per-pike”, which sug- Times News Service, “They may think that all Chilean New methods of transplanting the first crop was successfully trans- gests that the fish use smell to figure out how far sea bass are OK now, and that’s not true,” he said. coral grown to restore reefs off planted onto severely damaged away a single predator is by how concentrated “The certified fishery accounts for only 10 percent the coast of Thailand hurt by the reefs. The method will be appled its smell is. of the total catch. Chilean sea bass are 2004 tsunami have been devel- to reefs of Phi Phi and Phuket next. A second experiment with the minnows found still overfished and depleted.” ■ oped by researchers assisted by In addition to the transplant that the fish could also distinguish between individ- method, researchers have also ual pike. Apparently, the response is learned. The designed special concrete cyl- minnows learn to associate danger with the smell Minnows use their sense of smell to survive inders with lots of holes in them, of a dead minnow and the smell of a predator. ■ SOURCE: LIVESCIENCE Not Two, which will serve as beds for coral But One Genus larvae to grow, as part of an new kind of artificial reef. It has been Discovered: The World’s Second Smallest Fish for Clownfish found that the conventional con- A recent indepth study suggests that clownfish crete blocks and offshore marine A scientist in Malaysia has discovered a very Gayau, Mukah, Sarawak. The species name belong to only one genus. The study published in FAO wrecks did more harm than good small fish that grows no larger than 10mm at is derived from the Greek words that trans- the journal, Gene, provides evidence that shows in seas with strong currents and a maturity. Thought to be the second smallest lates loosely to ‘children, small in size’. Huat all clownfish descend from a common ancestor. lot of pollution or sediment. fish in the world, the “Perak fish” as it is unoffi- told reporters, “We call it a childlike fish. We Scientists Santini and Polacco sequenced the cyto- Thai marine biologist who heads cially called is still undergoing investigation in also believe that the two fishes are from the chrome b gene, 16S ribosomal RNA gene and the the project, Nalinee Thongtham, order to identify its genus and species. same genus but from a different species.” first half of the D-loop, of 23 of the 28-32 of clownfish explained, “Some rehabilitation Dr Khoo Khay Huat of the University Sains The scientist will continue to study the small to rebuild a molecular phylogeny. They found that work in the past unwittingly de- Malaysa found the specimen in a peat fish species in the peat swamps of Malaysia the molecular evidence for the monphyly of the stroyed the reefs, partly due to swamp in Perak. Before he found the Perak and other locations before the areas are Amphiprioninae pointed to a single genus for all NOAA inadequate knowledge of coral fish, he discoverd a 1.2cm fish of the Pae- destroyed to make way for oil palm planta- members of the subfamily. This finding is at odds with biology.” docypris Mecromegethes species in Sungai tions. SOURCE: UNDERWATERTIMES.COM NEWS SERVICE ■ the morphological taxonomy, which divides the sub- British divers. The corals are grown Six other countries including family into two genera: Premnas and Amphiprion. ■ in floating nurseries, netted cages Israel and the UK are collaborating Crayfish faking sex not war that are suspended in the sea, on the project to help coral larvae which protect the coral from have a better chance of survival Researchers have vertebrate animals. In many cases, it saves strong currents and grazing fish, after storms or other events cause found out that the lives of individuals who would most likely increasing the coral’s chances of coral debris to be strewn all over crayfish practice be killed by larger and stronger animals. survival. the seabed. SOURCE: SUNDAY TIMES ■ pseudo-sex in Neuroethologist Donald Edwards, who At a small island near Koh Phai, order to estab- has been studying the phenomenon lish dominence in Louisiana crayfish with colleagues at without violence Georgia State University in Atlanta, told Live NATIONAL PARK SERVICE among males. Science,“Universally, aggression or its threat Pseudocopulation, as it is called by scien- is used to set up and maintain dominance tists, is used by mammals such as primates rankings within a population of animals. to establish hierarchies while easing aggres- Aggression, however, is dangerous for both sion among males. This is the first time sci- dominant and subordinate, so many ani- FAO entists have observed the behavior outside mals try to discover ways to avoid it.” ■ SØREN REINKE 13 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Impending Collapse of Fish Stocks Worldwide news All species of wild seafood beyond anything we suspected.” quickly than people anticipated that are currently fished In 2003, he co-authored a study —in three to five to ten years. And warning that 90 percent of all where this has been done, we see Edited by are projected to collapse large fish—tuna, marlin, swordfish, immediate economic benefits,” “Unless we funda- Peter Symes by the year 2050, accord- sharks, cod and halibut—were Worm said. mentally change ing to a new four-year gone. study by an international The report also contains some UN rejected bottom trawling ban the way we man- North Sea Cod Fishing positive aspects; The data indi- A ban on bottom trawling in age all the oceans Ban Urged team of ecologists and cate that ocean ecosystems still international waters failed to get economists. Collapse is hold great ability to rebound. But United Nations’ support as this species together, The International Council for the defined as 90 percent the scientists found that every issue went to press despite nego- as working eco- Exploration of the Sea (Ices) has depletion. The study pub- species lost causes a faster unrav- tiations that lasted long into the recommended there should be a elling of the overall ecosystem. nights. The decision has angered systems, then this complete ban on cod fishing in the lished in the November Conversely, every species recov- worldwide, who century is the last North Sea for 2007 and zero catch 3rd issue of the journal ered add to overall productivity blamed Iceland for blocking the century of wild was needed for the next two years Science. and stability of the ecosystem ban. They said other countries, for North Sea stocks to reach tar- and its ability to withstand stresses. like Canada, have spoken out seafood” get levels. Any catches that were The scientists warn that the loss of “Every species matters,” the sci- against a full ban but always taken in 2007 would prolong recov- biodiversity is “profoundly” reduc- entists say. showed a willingness to negoti- Steve Palumbi ery to the target level, their report ing the ocean’s ability to produce “The data show us it’s not too ate. “It’s a tragedy that destruc- Stanford University warned. It said that the stock had seafood, resist diseases, filter pol- late,” says Worm. “We can turn tive practices are being allowed been reduced to a stage where lutants and rebound from stresses this around. But less than one per- to continue today after days of productivity was impaired, and such a overfishing and climate cent of the global ocean is effec- talks by world leaders about high that it was at or near its lowest change. tively protected right now.” seas fishing reform,” Bill Wareham N observed level ever. ■ “Whether we looked at “We won’t see complete recov- of the Vancouver-based David The Ultimate ew pools or studies over the entire ery in one year, but in many Suzuki Foundation. SOURCES: ENVIROMENTAL world’s ocean, we saw the same cases species come back more NEWS NETWORK, CBC NEWS, BBC ■ Scuba Tank/Spear Gun HoldeHolderr picture emerging,” says lead TEMPORARY – no permanent damage author Boris Worm of Dalhousie PRE-ASSEMBLED – no hassles or headaches University. “In losing species we The analysis is the first to examine all The results reveal that progressive INSTANT ATTACH & RELEASE – quick & effortless BAE SYSTEMS MULTIPLE HOLDERS – 2 & 3 tank racks- 1 slot lose the productivity and stabil- existing data on ocean species and biodiversity loss not only impairs the 4 tank rack has 2 speargun slots Unmanned Spy Planes ity of entire ecosystems. I was ecosystems, synthesizing historical, ability of oceans to feed a growing SPACE SAVER – compact for easy storage May Patrol North Sea shocked and disturbed by how experimental, fisheries and obser- human population, but also sabo- consistent these trends are— vational datasets to understand the tages the stability of marine environ- 800-920-2910 Unmanned aircraft could soon importance of biodiversity at the ments and their ability to recover PO Box 1967, Nokomis, FL 34272 (941) 484-0714 Fax: (941)-484-2749 be used to monitor illegal fishing global scale. from stresses. ■ activities in the North Sea, it has www.scubastorage.com been revealed. BAE Systems are working on producing a special Japan agrees to cut its tuna fishing quotas Overall, the summit nations agreed Bluefin tuna are type of robotic aircraft similar in to a 20 percent cut in the bluefin also declining in the design to the planes now being Life just got a bit better for Conservationists welcomed the harvest, down to 11,530 tonnes from Mediterranean, where used in the Middle East war zones, embattled southern bluefin tuna news, which was announced on 16 the 14,000 taken this year. Japan France exceeded its but without the weapons and in the oceans around south-east October in Miyazaki, Japan, following and Australia account for 80 per 6192-tonne quota in specially designed for fishing Asia, New Scientist reports. a summit held by the Commission for cent of the total catch. 2005 by 3000 tonnes. ■ surveillance use. A spokesman the Conservation of Southern Bluefin for BAE Systems said they were After Japan’s admission that it Tuna. But they are still concerned so sophisticated that they could had overfished the species by that the proposed cuts are not pick out a lobster pot the size of 1800 tonnes in 2005, the country’s enough. WWF says that Australia’s a football from several thousand Fisheries Agency has agreed to quota of 5265 tonnes should feet up. “They could also be used halve its existing quota of 6065 have been cut too. Virtually in the search for men lost over- tonnes to 3000 tonnes for at least all of it ends up imported by board or for lost fishing boats,” he five years, starting in 2007. Japan. NOAA added. ■ 14 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED A bleached elkhorn coral near St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands Structure of in 2006. Scientists have issued their news strongest warn- Ecosystems Are Changing ing so far this year that unusually Edited by Abnormally warm weather, cou- warm Caribbean Peter Symes pled with pollution and overfishing Sea have contributed to a change threaten coral reefs in coral reef ecosystem structure that suffered wide- where larger species are being spread damage replaced by smaller varieties, last year in record- which don’t grow high enough to setting heat U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Philippines President protect the fish, lobster and other Moves to Protect sea life that rely on the underwa- ter reefs. Mark Eakin, director of the U.S. The U.S. government scientists EXPERTS “Coral Triangle” Species such as the boulder star National Oceanic and Atmos- also warned for a second time Dive the Crystal World coral, which stretch several yards pheric Administration’s Coral this year that sea tempera- Arctic Kingdom has led some of the Reef Watch, said the coral study world’s most challenging ice diving President Gloria Arroyo has across, take hundreds of years to tures around Puerto Rico have expeditions to remote areas of the high enacted a new national conser- grow. In Jamaica, the species has documents an even more wide- exceeded healthy levels for coral, arctic. We have pioneered many new vation policy for the Philippines almost been replaced by mustard spread phenomenon. “That’s a saying the fragile undersea life types of ice diving and have developed specialized techniques and courses. to protect the archipelagic hill coral, a smaller species unable general pattern we have seen in could become more susceptible other places as well,” Eakin said, We now also offer training and ice country’s unique and rich nature, to make large reefs and around the to damage and disease during diving trips in southern Canada to with initial focus on the heart of US Virgin Islands it could be gone in referring to the Caribbean. “The overheating. everyone who wishes to experience the Southeast Asia’s Coral Triangle. the matter of few decades. remaining large coral, such as star best of this unique environment.

“It is the policy of the state to NOAA “The big guys are becom- coral, is dropping away” and the Don’t touch! protect, conserve and sustain- Boulder star coral ing rarer. The small guys are smaller coral is moving in. The government warning urges TRAINING ROCKIES ably use biological diversity to becoming more common,” said A vital building block of marine scuba-dive operators and under- ‹ Introductory ‹ Ski & Dive ‹ Advanced ensure and secure the well-being Large species of coral Edmunds, Peter Edmunds, a biol- life, coral grows and reproduce water researchers in the U.S. ‹ Technical ARCTIC of present and future generations that form underwater reefs ogy professor at California State best at about 27.5° C (81.5 F) the Caribbean territories to look for ‹ Ice Formations GREAT LAKES of Filipinos,” said an Executive and create rich habitat for University, who recently began Caribbean, said Edmunds, who coral damage and use caution ‹ Bottom Life Order signed by Arroyo at a Nov. projects near Tahiti and Taiwan, has studied Virgin Islands coral for around the fragile reefs, which ‹ Shipwrecks ‹ Big Animals under Ice ‹ North Pole 8 ceremony on Verde Island in marine life are disappear- where he plans to compare data two decades. Edmunds said his are easily damaged by physical Batangas City. ing from in the Caribbean with that gathered in the U.S. research suggests coral in warmer contact. ■ The order applies to all of the warn scientists. Caribbean. water grows more slowly. natural wealth of the Philippines, and specifies initial steps to cre- ate marine protected areas in the Verde Passage, known as Transatlantic Ocean Array Acts as Climate Alert the “center of the center” of the Measurements from a network of monitors stretching across the Human Activities Are the tropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans world’s most plentiful shore fish Atlantic Ocean could offer an early warning of “sudden climate Boosting Hurricanes over the last century is linked to human region located at the apex of the change”. The underwater instruments measuring the temperature activities. Coral Triangle that includes the and salinity of seawater will detect any change to currents that reg- Rising ocean temperatures in key hurri- Hurricanes are complex phenom- Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia ulate Europe’s climate, a UK-led team of researchers tells BBC. cane breeding grounds of the Atlantic ena that are influenced by a variety and Papua New Guinea. The data offered is the most detailed picture of the ocean’s cir- and Pacific oceans are due primarily of physical factors, such as SSTs, wind SOURCE: CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL ■ culation patterns. The array of 19 “moorings” is positioned at points to human-caused increases in green- shear, water vapour, and atmospheric 26.5 degrees north in the Atlantic Ocean, providing an insight to the house gas , accord- stability. But the important conclusion is Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) that acts ing to a study published online in the that the observed SST increases in these as the Earth’s “heat pump”, distributing heat via the September 11 issue of the Proceedings hurricane breeding grounds cannot be ocean from the equator to northern regions. SOURCE: BBC ■ of the National Academy of Sciences. explained by natural processes alone. Using 22 different computer models The best explanation for these changes Read more about the circulation patterns in this previ- of the climate system atmospheric has to include a large human influ- START YOUR ADVENTURE TODAY ous X-Ray Mag article: The Conveyor Belt (from issue 11) scientists have shown that the warm- ence,” the scientists wrote. +1 416 322 7066 ing sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of SOURCE: LAWRENCE LIVERMORE PUBLIC AFFAIRS ■ [email protected] www.ArcticKingdom.com

15 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Hannah Stacey UK news champion

Edited by Willy Volk UK FREEDIVING ASSOCIATION

Details On Vanished recently finished three weeks of shooting for her role in “Fish ‘Spy’ Diver Emerge Tales,” a film about a mermaid who falls in love with a university Quite unlike James Bond, not professor. Hannah, who currently all spy divers ascend perfectly holds the UK’s free diving wom- coiffed and ready for their next Lionel “Buster” Crabb, a spy diver an’s record (54 meters), said the assignment. In 1956, for example, whose headless body was found role was a dream come true. British spy diver Lionel “Buster” floating off the coast months after he Although it took costume design- Crabb vanished mysteriously disappeared during a mission ers three-and-a-half months to while diving near—and allegedly build her tail, director Alki David spying on—the Ordzhonikidze in So who hired Crabb? said Hannah found her groove Portsmouth Harbour. At the time, If the Royal Navy knows, it isn’t immediately: “She’s amazing in the Soviet ship was carrying Nikita saying. In fact, those recently the tail, she’s like a natural. As Khrushchev who was in London released documents state that soon as she put it on, she just took meeting with senior British officials. the unnamed officer “knows off. She knew exactly what to do Crabb disappeared that night; nothing of the background to and we couldn’t stop her.” The several months later his headless the story and will not be able to film, which also stars Kelly Brook corpse was found floating along answer any embarrassing ques- and Billy Zane, is expected to be the coast. tions even if they are asked.” released next summer. Can you Nevertheless, Howard Davies of say “Eeeeieiiiieieeeeeieie”? Speculations the National Archives said the SOURCE: BBC ■ According to papers recent- extent of the cover-up suggests ly released by the National something fishy is going on, and Archives, an unnamed, uniden- that Crabb’s intelligence serv- tified officer ferried Crabb to ice handlers did not take proper the Ordzhonikidze and stayed precautions to protect him or the onboard as Crabb dived below secrecy of the mission. Until more the surface. Not surprisingly, news details emerge—if they ever do— of the the alleged spying incident Crabb’s family and historians will wrecked attempts at a truce have to wonder who beheaded between Britain and Moscow, the British spy. SOURCE: BBC ■ which indignantly insisted it was being spied upon. In an effort to distance itself from the mess, the Free diver Hannah Royal Navy engaged in a hasty Stacey a mermaid public relations campaign, insist- ing it had nothing to do with the It’s been more than 20 years “mishap” and releasing a state- since “Splash” made waves in ment from the unnamed officer movie theaters. If you’ve been stating that he had been asked waiting for another mermaid-out- PHOTO COURTESY OF PURE BLUE WATER to assist Crabb “entirely unofficial- of-water story since then, then ly and in a strictly private capac- your long wait is nearly over. Hannah Stacey, UK champion free ity.” Free diver Hannah Stacey has diver does her mermaid thing

16 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED File photo: Jean-Michel Cousteau in news Antibes 2005 YANN SAINT-YVES

Edited by Willy Volk FILEPHOTO/WIKIPEDIA Fishing Trawler Nets Unusual By-Catch Fishing trawlers are well-known for destroying marine ecosystems and decimating Think your library of underwa- local fish populations. Consequently, even if you didn’t needed another reason ter images has everything? I bet to detest trawlers, here’s one more: a man diving off the coast of Portland, on the UK’s Dorset coast, was recently hauled up in the net of a trawler, the Shiraz. you don’t have a shot of this... Due to the diver’s quick, unscheduled ascent, he immediately started to suffer from the bends. A coast guard helicopter was summoned to the Shiraz, which In his charity exhibition “Quiet,” photogra- delivered the diver to a specialist recompression chamber, where he was treat- pher Michael Muller claimed he wanted to ed and later discharged. It’s unclear if the diver was using a diving buoy while portray the enveloping stillness and silence underwater. As such, the Coast Guard is investigating the incident. SOURCE: BBC ■ one experiences underwater. To achieve Jean-Michel Cousteau Bashes this goal, Miller showcased images of ob- the Late jects and people submerged in water. No surprise there. However, one of Muller’s In the last issue of X-Ray, we mentioned the Expert Rick images—“The Sinking Fear”—might surprise death of “The Hunter,” Steve Irwin. you. It features actress/model Eva Mendez Since then, world-famous marine explorer/ in a couture gown swimming in front of a Jean-Michel Cousteau has Stanton to Speak at Oztek’07 $63,000 (including op- revealed that, while he believes Irwin’s death If you’re not familiar with cave diving, you all in name of exploration. In tions) 2007 Mer- was “very, very unfortunate,” he disagreed might be surprised to know that the disci- the last 8 years, Stanton has cedes GL450 with the Australian’s hands-on approach to pline actually has two distinct styles. Some become increasingly inter- sus- nature television. Claiming Irwin would “in- cave divers choose to dive through flood- ested in technical cave terfere with nature, jump on animals, grab ed caves and rarely leave the water. Oth- diving using them, hold them, and have this very, very er cavers treat flooded sections simply as -- often two at a time! In spectacular, dramatic way of presenting obstacles to finding a dry portion of cave, 2004, Stanton was one things,” Cousteau dismissed Irwin’s tech- where they can celebrate with cheese of two divers tapped by nique as counter-productive and merely and crackers. Not content with master- the British government a way to draw in television viewers. To ing just one of these styles, British techni- to attempt the rescue of define his personal approach, Cousteau cal diver is a recognized six British soldiers trapped in explained that, “You don’t touch nature, expert in both disciplines. Concentrating a Mexican cave by flood you just look at it. And that’s why I’m still on the long water. Over the years, Stan- PHOTO COURTESY OF MERCEDES BENZ alive. I’ve been diving for over 61 years - a deep siphons of ton has developed and manufac- lot more years than he’s been alive - and I France, Spain, tured two CCR units, including a unique pended in a don’t mess with nature.” Cousteau expressed and Italy, Stan- side mount, fully-closed circuit , giant tank. Although submerging a 5,249- this opinion while promoting his recent 6-part ton is known for which was instrumental in his achieving pound vehicle might sound simple, Muller PBS special called “Ocean Adventures.” Iron- combining cav- the British cave diving depth record of 90 insists it wasn’t. “After rigging up the GL450 ically, during one of the episodes, Cousteau ing techniques meters at Wookey Hole. If you’re interest- to the crane, we dropped it in the tank and was filmed grasping the dorsal fin of a great with long and ed in hearing about his exciting—and of- I jumped in with my gear to start shooting,” white shark and “riding” deep multiple ten dangerous—exploits, you should plan said Muller, a certified diver. Surprisingly, the the fish for several minutes. sump systems, to attend the OZTeK’07 Diving Technolo- GL450 floated initially; Muller claims he was Excuse me, Mr. Cousteau, transporting gies Conference and Exhibition, sched- forced to clamber onto the roof of the SUV but that sounds an awful large amounts uled for March 17 and 18, 2007, Sydney, to facilitate its sinking. Hmm....usually, when lot like touching nature. of diving equip- Australia. In his presentation, Stanton will you think of a $63,000 vehicle in water, you SOURCE: THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD ■ ment through no doubt thrill audiences by sharing stories imagine people hauling it UP from depth. DIVEOZTEK.COM the dry sections about how righteously cool he is. SOURCE: MSNBC.COM ■ The late Steve Irwin, Rick Stanton of the cave, SOURCE: FINSONLINE ■ Australian conservationist AUSTRALIAN ZOO 17 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED A first look at what is believed to be a new species of piranha. The fish is one of a number A lifeboat from UK’s Royal National of apparently new animal species discovered Lifeboat Institution. Since the RNLI during a survey by Conservation International was founded in 1824, its lifeboats news (CI) scientists of the Orinoco and Ventuari rivers have saved more than 137,000 in Venezuela lives. RNLI is a charity dependent on private donations. Edited by Further information: Willy Volk www.rnli.org.uk

Cousteau Diver “Missing” for 56 Hours versus Cousteau Will Not Be Charged Speaking of Jean-Michel, his father’s David Swain Denied widow, Francine Cousteau, has spoken Re-trial in Wife’s Death One Saturday morning in September, ed that Harvey had deposited his dive out against a 1,500-unit condominium 35-year-old Guernsey-resident Matthew gear with them for safekeeping. In reality, development on Hawaii’s Big Island that In 1999, American diver Shelley Tyre was Harvey told his family he was going Harvey hadn’t been knocked uncon- Jean-Michel is helping build. The 434-acre vacationing in Tortola with her husband, for a solo dive in a shallow bay off the scious: he left his dive gear at the storage project—Sea Mountain at Punaluu, which David Swain. While diving with him Channel Islands. Several hours later, af- facility, took a ferry to the British mainland will consist largely of condominiums but one day, Tyre mysteriously drowned. ter Harvey had failed to return from the on Saturday, and returned to Guernsey will also include a hotel and a resort— Although Tortolan authorities ruled the dive, his family notified local authorities, on Monday morning. Despite the fact would be the biggest single develop- death accidental, Tyre’s family brought and police frogmen, lifeboat crews, that the rescue effort cost in excess of ment ever undertaken on the east side a wrongful death suit against Swain, and coastguard helicopters began £10,000, Guernsey Police duty inspector of the island. Claiming she is “extremely alleging he had been motivated by to search for him. Missing for 56 hours, Jean-Pierre Le Breton said no charges will concerned about the potential environ- money and was pursuing an affair with Harvey astonishingly appeared 200 be brought against Harvey. The motives mental implications of the Sea Mountain another woman. Swain maintained his yards from shore -- exhausted but alive for Harvey’s disappearance remain a resort,” Francine -- ’s innocence and collected hundreds -- claiming he’d been knocked un- mystery; although no “other woman” has second wife and president of the Cous- of thousands of dollars after his wife’s conscious by a motorboat and swept been implicated, many wonder about teau Society -- openly opposes the ven- death, including two insurance pay- out to sea. Naturally, media outlets Harvey’s mental health. So far, the best ture. Though ments. In court, the prosecution alleged went crazy with the story, marveling at excuse has come from Harvey’s father: Jean-Michel that Swain attacked Tyre from behind, Harvey’s miraculous 2-and-a-half-day “He just lost his mind. It was some sort of insists he will restricted her air supply, and held her ordeal. Some news sites even reported breakdown. He just decided to get on make the underwater until she drowned. During that a pod of dolphins brought him to that ferry in a moment of madness. To get

project en- COUSTEAU.ORG the trial, Swain acted as his own law- safety. However, on the British main- back into the water like that was a cry vironmen- yer—though he was absent for most land, people reported having seen for help. He told me that he has no recol- tally and of the proceedings—and dismissed Harvey at a pub while he was “at sea,” lection and cannot account for what he culturally Tyre’s death as a “tragic accident.” A and a Guernsey storage facility report- did.” SOURCE: SCOTSMAN ■ sensitive, jury found Swain guilty earlier this year, the project and awarded Tyre’s parents more has drawn Divers Break Record for than $3.5 million in damages; thanks to Katie Melua Sets Record for opposi- Underwater Dancing compounding interest, the award now Deepest Underwater Concert tion from stands at more than $6 million. For his environmentalists who say it will harm On October 27, 74 divers plunged into a part, Swain has declared bankruptcy Guinness World Records has confirmed that threatened and , like pool at Sydney’s Olympic Park Aquatic and asked the Rhode Island Supreme British singer Katie Melua has entered the KATIEMELUA.COM the hawksbill turtle. Cousteau’s nonprofit Centre. Their goal: to set the world record Court for a new trial, claiming that Su- record books by playing the world’s deepest organization, the Ocean Futures Society, for underwater dancing. The divers were perior Court Judge Patricia Hurst denied underwater concert. Melua and her band per- has been involved in a number of simi- required to dance simultaneously for ten him his right to an attorney by refusing to formed for commercial oil workers 303 meters lar projects in places such as and the minutes to set the record. No word yet on delay the start of his trial after one of his below sea level on the Statoil Troll A gas rig in Cayman Islands, and he insists his society what song the divers sluggishly boogied lawyers grew ill from cancer. However, the North Sea. Claiming the concert was the would take its name off the project if it to. Though Guinness World Records has earlier this month, the State rejected the “most surreal gig I have ever done,” the 22- is not completed in an environmentally not yet confirmed the record, the photos re-trial, on the grounds that Swain failed year-old singer underwent extensive medical conscious manner. SOURCE: MSNBC.COM ■ of the event speak for themselves. to raise this issue while the trial was un- tests—and even survival training in Norway!— Katie Melua at work SOURCE: EN.CE.CN ■ derway. SOURCE: BOSTON.COM ■ before switching on her mic. SOURCE: BBC ■

18 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Marine Biologist news in action Brad Norman Honored Australian Brad Norman, a marine biolo- Edited by gist who has spent 14 years researching Willy Volk whale sharks at Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia, has been chosen as a Laureate in the 2006 Rolex Awards for Enterprise, which recognize outstanding contributions to humanity, science and the environ- ment. Assembling data and photographs from divers all over the globe, Norman has created an online library of whale PHOTO COURTESY OF JOHNCHATTERTON.COM shark encounters from around the world. This work has helped monitor the status and abundance of Earth’s largest fish, considered “vulnerable” to ex- tinction by the World Conservation Union. Despite Norman’s work, however, little is known about the popula- Nanologix Retains John Chatterton as a Consultant tion numbers, breeding habits and habitat preferences of the whale shark. Norman’s NanoLogix, Inc., a nano-biotech- and subsequent identification of use of the data of thousands of people Diver Outreach Program Unveiled by Oceana.org nology company engaged in the German submarine U-869, off in the conservation of whale sharks was the research, development and the coast of New Jersey. The story described as “visionary” by the Rolex In line with its ongoing efforts conscious divers, the website servation-minded individuals commercialization of technolo- of the discovery was turned into Awards. Appropriately, Norman plans to to encourage ocean users to will serve as a reference tool to become engaged in the gies for alternative sources of fuel, a bestselling book by Rob Kurson use his £53,000 award money to devote protect, conserve and restore from which they can learn organization’s campaing to recently announced that deep called , and the two years to training local authorities, tour- the oceans, Oceana has un- more about threats to ma- stop destructive trawling and sea diver John Chatterton has movie rights were purchased by ism operators and 20 research assistants veiled a new website called rine ecosystems. They can increase the protection of been retained as a consultant 20th Century Fox. Bret Barnhizer, around the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian www.oceana.org/dive which also find fun ocean facts and deep-sea coral and sponge for the firm. A former commercial Energy Marketing Consultant oceans to observe, record and protect is dedicated to the SCUBA other divers committed to habitat, which more and diver, Chatterton is a U.S. Coast for NanoLogix, said, “John and I whale sharks. He may pop a bottle of diving community. The new the ocean’s future. There are more divers experience per- Guard licensed captain, and first worked as a team when we bubbly, too. SOURCE: DIVEMAGAZINE.CO.UK ■ website is a key component hopes that the website will sonally in their dives around holds numerous commercial, served together to the organization’s diver encourage the the world. SOURCE: OCEANA.ORG/DIVE ■ scuba, and cer- in Vietnam in 1970 outreach program. For eco- community and other con- tifications. Currently, Chatterton and 1971... As a co-hosts the Deep Sea Detectives deep sea diver, television series, which showcases John’s knowledge Beautiful Oceans Science Diver his groundbreaking diving ad- of the technical as- Want to learn more about Diver education, divers gain tinction of Science Diver. After ventures. Documentaries about pects of rebreather diving and coral ecology at fascinating insights into these completing all five science Chatterton’s diving expeditions devices and gas the same time? Now you can creatures’ lifecycles, behaviors courses, the diver receives the and discoveries have also aired mixtures as they with Beautiful Oceans new and relationships with other title, Master Science Diver. on HBO and PBS. In August of apply to biological courses for the Science Diver. organisms through linked land- Science Divers are recog- 2005, Chatterton and his partners processes is directly Beautiful Oceans lets divers based tutorials and discovery nized for their knowledge explored the RMS Titanic, diving to relevant to our pat- go beyond basic dive training dives with a trained Science of and commitment to the a depth of approximately 12,500 ented hydrogen and gain knowledge about Instructor. world’s coral reefs. For more feet in submersibles. Chatter- bioreactor system.” the coral ecosystems they Upon completion of at least information about the course, ton is probably most famous, how- SOURCE: PRNEWSWIRE.COM ■ love and the creatures that one science course, a certified visit: Beautifuloceans.com ■ ever, for his work in the discovery FILE PHOTO: TIM HOCHGREBE inhabit them. With the Science SCUBA diver receives the dis- Whale shark 19 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Scientists Discover Bacteria That Lampreys Have Been Around for 360 Million Years Sea ‘Monster’ Fossils Found in the Arctic Use Radiated Water as Food Scientists from South Africa Norwegian scientists have discovered a than 8m in length. Palaeontologists Deep inside a gold mine about and the US have uncovered a “treasure trove” of fossils belonging to from the University of Oslo’s Natural remarkably well-preserved fos- giant sea reptiles that roamed the seas History Museum discovered the fossils 2.8 kilometers below Earth’s sil lamprey from the Devonian at the time of the dinosaurs. The 150-mil- during fieldwork in a remote part of surface researchers from period in an ancient South lion-year-old fossils were uncovered on Spitsbergen, the largest island in the Indiana University have found African lagoon. The find of the the Arctic island chain of Svalbard. The Svalbard archipelago. a self-sustaining community of 4.2-centimeter fossilized speci- finds belong to two groups of extinct Jorn Harald Hurum, co-director of the men reveals that the blood- marine reptiles—the plesiosaurs and the dig, said he was taken aback by the bacteria that rely on radioac- sucking, eel-like fish of today ichthyosaurs. These animals were the sheer density of fossil remains in one tive uranium to convert water hasn’t changed much in 360 top predators living in what was then a area. molecules to useable energy, million years. relatively cool, deep sea. “You can’t walk for more than 100m The ancient lamprey One skeleton, which has been nick- without finding a skeleton. That’s amaz- according the journal Science attached its toothy, sucker-like named The Monster because of its ing anywhere in the world,” he told BBC mouth to, for example, pre- enormous size, may measure more News. ■ Many scientists have been skeptical of historic sharks almost exactly GREAT LAKES’ FISHING COMMISSION subsurface bacterial communities being the same way that modern completely disconnected from surface lampreys latch onto other fish Lamprey’s mouth. ecologies fed by the sun’s light but new today. This jawless mouth sets evidence points out that the bacterial the lamprey and its cousin, The lamprey fossil is only 4.2 cm communities are indeed permanent— the hagfish, apart from all other wide — and 360 million years old apparently millions of years old—and modern vertebrates—animals with WWW.FOSSILMALL.COM depend on radiation from uranium ores backbones. for their existence. Like modern lampreys, the ancient It is believed that jawless marine animals The scientists sampled the flowing lamprey had a backbone made not of were the first vertebrates and that they fracture water which contained hydro- bone but of cartilage—the generally emerged sometime after 540 million carbons and hydrogen not likely to have translucent, somewhat flexible substance years ago. When the fossilized lamprey been created through biological proc- that gives human noses and ears their lived, there were probably many types of esses, but rather from decomposition of shapes and that makes up shark skel- jawless vertebrates. Of the 46,000 known water exposed to radiation from uranium. etons. Unlike bony fish, only a handful of species of vertebrates, lampreys and DNA analysis revealed a vast number lamprey fossils have ever been found, hagfish are the only surviving jawless ver- of bacterial species present, but the because cartilage usually decays too tebrates. The evolutionary split between samples were dominated by a single fast to become fossilized. Perhaps most jawless and jawed fish probably hap- new species related to hydrother- important, the new lamprey fossil is the pened close to 500 million years ago. mal vent bacteria from the division first to give us a good view of the mouth. SOURCE: NATURE ■

Firmicutes. Analysis also suggests sub- HEINRICH HARDER, 1923 surface Firmicutes were removed from contact with their surface cousins any- where from 3 to 25 million years ago. West Australian Fish Fossil Find Rewrites Land Mammal Evolution Firmicutes do not use radiation directly as a source of energy, however. A primitive fish that swam in A 380 million-year-old fossil fish called fins with a well-formed humerus, ulna Radiation emanating from uranium tropical reef systems before Gogonasus fossil fish has been and radius—the same bones that are minerals in or near the fracture allows life clambered up on land had unearthed in the West Australian found in the human arm. The new fossil for the formation of hydrogen gas from Kimberley. The specimen, whose middle proves that features of land-living tetra- decomposition of water and formation more advanced features than ear and limbs resemble those of land pods (four-legged vertebrates) evolved of sulfate from decomposition of sulfur previously thought, a new study vertebrates, could be one of the miss- much earlier in their evolutionary history minerals. Firmicutes are able to harvest finds. ing links between fish and four-legged than previously thought. This means that energy from the reaction of hydrogen land vertebrates, bringing researchers humans can trace their evolutionary and sulfate, allowing other microbes closer to the point when life reached roots, and adaptations for life on land, in the fracture community to use the Gogonasus was an ambush predator, about the water’s edge. further back in time, to more than 380 chemical waste from the Firmicutes as 12 inches long. Once the species died out, The fish’s skull had large holes for million years ago. food. ■ the skeletons got buried by layers of shale in breathing through the top of the head The research findings are published in what is called the Gogo Formation. but importantly also had muscular front the journal Nature. ■ AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY (ANU) 20 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED the Polluce wreck and they initially claimed Today, the men on wreck Polluce damaging the artistic that they had consent trial claim that every- and cultural patrimony from both the British thing is returned, and rap Case closed of property belong- and Italian govern- that they are sorry. ■ The trial for the three ing to Italy, and were ments to do so. The British divers accused facing up to four years prosecutor did not Get the full intrigu- of modern-day piracy in jail. The men recov- agree, he claimed ing story about the was held in October. ered quite a coin that the divers used Polluce wreck in X- They were accused stash— silver, gold false paperwork to get Ray Mag #7 and #8 of stealing items from and diamonds—and access to the wreck.

The Edmund Fitzgerald, Stuff of a Legend 15th November 2006 was the 31st anniversary of the sinking of the Fitz in eastern Lake Superior. Not one of the 29-man crew survived. No one knew why Edmund Fitzgerald went down. A number of theories as to why dive was made in 1980, with could have scraped a sandbar she sank have been bounced Cousteau in one of his mini subs. due to an inoperative radar. So around over the years, and up Starting in 1989, the Great Lakes today, November 2006, where to this day, it is still a mystery. Shipwreck Museum sent down do we stand on this mystery The freighter went down in a an underwater robot with cam- from the past? Even though one full-blown storm with hurricane eras. In 1994, Harbor Branch theory is ruled out, there are force gusts and huge waves. Oceanographic-Florida, visited many more to investigate, and The Coast Guard investigated the wreck with a submersible, despite all the underwater tech- the sinking. Their theory was and even though the project nology, we still have a mystery. that the hatch covers might not at hand was to study the ecol- the Fitz is deep in mud, well have been secured. Another ogy of the bottom of the Great settled. So, at this time, the hull A Future Reef with a Lot of History popular theory was that she Lakes, three days were spent can’t be inspected for dam- broke in two sections due to diving on the Fitz. age—hence, still a mystery for The Texas Clipper, who served the Mediterranean as a cruise the wave actions. Only one Other dive expeditions have future divers and investigating America well through a number liner. Her longest mission was way to find out, right? Look for tried to solve the mystery. What minds. ■ of wars and occupations takes as a training ship for the Texas your self. Well the wreck made they found was that the wreck the plunge in the Gulf of Mexico Maritime Training Academy, a landing 530 feet down. Not indeed was broken in two next year as part of The Texas from mid 60’s to 1996. I am sure so easy, then, to investigate parts, but the parts were close Parks and ’s she will be remembered by why. Imaginations ran high over to each other, which indicates Program. A lot of history follows many students, fondly or not. the years—a legend and even that the freighter broke upon her on this, her last mission as an Those with a dive certificate a song about the event were bottom impact—another theory artificial reef on the sandy bot- will have a chance to relive born. ruled out. The Coast Guard’s toms of the Gulf. their time on board next year But we are human being; it investigation saying that the The Texas Clipper was origi- when the Texas Clipper takes is in our nature to investigate. hatches were not properly nally a troop transport ship in the plunge to settle on the And since a lot is possible with closed is still a possibility, World War II. She ferried troops sandy bottom of the Gulf of underwater technology, what is but so is the theory that into battle and brought back Mexico off Port Isabel. She will to stop us? The first manned says that Fitzgerald wounded. After that, she was part be more than a typical artificial of the American occupation at reef. Chances are that she will Sasebo, Japan. She was decom- become a world class diving missioned in 1946. From 1948 to destination, an oasis for marine 1958, she served as one of the life in an otherwise vast expanse post-war four aces for American of open Gulf of mostly sand Export Lines. Then she sailed in and mud bottom. ■

21 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED USS Grunion SS-216 1. Aug 1942

wreck WWW.AWM.GOV.AU rap

WWW.OLDSUBSPLACE.COM Shadowy Object Off Alaska Coast May Be Lost WWII Sub Divers to Explore Historic For decades, relatives of the Grunion’s he thought he knew what had hap- 70 lost crewmen had no information pened to the Grunion. John Abele con- Gallipoli (WWI) Submarine beyond fragmented U.S. Navy records, tacted the man, Yutaka Iwasaki, who and a few rumours, about where and translated and sent him a report writ- Australians may soon know more about one of Gallipoli’s why the sub went down. They knew ten in the 1960s by a Japanese military WILLIAMSON & ASSOCIATES untold stories—the Australian submarine HMAS AE2. the Grunion had sunk two Japanese officer who served in the Aleutians. It An underwater image of a black It is referred to as the Silent Anzac and it was the first submarine chasers and heavily dam- described a confrontation between a shape near Kiska Island that may be the USS allied submarine to penetrate Turkey’s Dardanelles as aged a third in July 1942 near Kiska, U.S. submarine and the officer’s freight- Grunion, which sank off the island at the tip part of a wider submarine campaign that paralyzed one of two Aleutian islands occupied er, the Kano Maru, on July 31, 1942, of Alaska’s Aleutian chain in 1942 Oriskany DVD enemy shipping in the Sea of Marmara. It was also by the Japanese. They knew her last about 10 miles northeast of Kiska—the Oriskany CVA34 – Status Re- the first allied submarine to be lost after entering the official radio message to the sub base Grunion’s patrol area. For more than two weeks, the Aquila port 06.19.06 to be released Dardanelles, off the Gallipoli coast, in 1915. The sub at Dutch Harbor, on July 30, 1942, The sub dispatched six or seven tor- carefully towed a sonar cable from east by the end of 2006 by ClearVis entered the straits of the Dardanelles on April 25, 1915, described heavy enemy activity at pedoes. All but one bounced off the to west and back again inside a 240- Productions, features the big- as the Anzacs first landed on the beaches. Kiska Harbor. They knew she still had 10 boat without exploding, or missed, the square-mile grid that the survey team gest vessel ever to be inten- Its Australian crew dodged minefields, evaded patrol of her 24 torpedoes during that com- officer wrote, although the hit knocked had plotted using information from na- tionally sunk to create an craft and survived heavy shellfire before torpedoing munication. They knew Dutch Harbor out his engines and communications. val archives and the Kano Maru offic- artificial reef. See the Books a Turkish gunboat. But HMAS AE2 came under attack responded with an order to return He said he returned fire with an 8-cm er’s account. In mid-August, the sonar Section on page 77 for details. from a Turkish torpedo boat, resulting in the crew losing to the base, but they didn’t know if deck gun, and believed he had sunk picked up a 290-foot-long object with control of the vessel and being forced to abandon ship. Grunion ever received it. Until a few the sub. the sharp angles and jutting shadows of Thirty-five people survived when it sank, and now it lies years ago, the clues were too sparse The Abeles then hired a marine survey something man-made wedged into a about 75 metres under water. to justify a search, said Bruce Abele, firm, Williamson and Associates which terrace on the steep underwater slope Now the story of the vessel will be told in detail. The whose father, Mannert Abele, was the after six hours of negotiating, agreed to of the volcano. Australian Federal Government and the Submarine Grunion’s commander. send sonar technicians and equipment The Grunion, however, was 312 feet Institute of Australia are contributing about $800,000 to Four years ago, a man who had aboard a Bering Sea crab boat to the long. The Williamson team believes the survey and preserve the HMAS AE2. heard about the Grunion’s disappear- frigid waters licking the base of Kiska bow may have plowed beneath a mat of The Minister Assisting the Minister ance emailed Bruce the links to sev- volcano. The U.S. Navy, citing lack of thick sediment, hence the apparent short- for Defence, Bruce Billson, says eral Grunion websites. One site held resources, is not involved in the search, age of about 20 feet. Skid marks show the Australian divers will carry out the an entirely new clue, a note from a and the Abeles prefer to keep the cost vessel slid to rest about 1,000 meters from survey sometime next year. Japanese model ship builder who said to themselves. the surface. SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESS ■ “To see how we can best pre- serve it, how we can best bring to life the story of the AE2 and then Wrecks of Two Mysterious Submarines Discovered Off the Coast of Orkney, Scotland to consider options for its long- term management and care,” A survey team discovered two wrecks dimensional sonar device, but their place several miles away. he said. lying in about 70 metres of water to identity and nationalities are not Rob Spillard, hydrography man- Mr Billson says it is too early to the east of Sanday Sound in an area known. An Orkney diver speculated ager of the Maritime and Coastguard know if parts of the submarine where there were no reports of war- that the vessels might have been Agency, said the sunken submarines can be brought to the surface time sinkings, a coastguard official German U-boats sunk during the were something of a mystery.“We and restored. “At this stage it’s a said. Second World War. There were reports have no idea which subs they are, little too early to know,” he said. Grainy images of the submarines that the Royal Navy had successfully which nationality or who died in SOURCE: ABC NEWS ■ were captured using the latest three- depth-charged U-boats, but this took them,” he said. SOURCE: THE SCOTSMAN ■

22 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED US Navy Divers Survey WWII Aircraft

Lost and found - USS Macon

USS Macon (ZRS-5) was a massive airship Researchers from NOAA were brought made for scouting in the service of U.S. in, and video clips from the site are Navy. She was designed to carry five F9C now available to the public through the Sparrowhawk biplanes. The planes were OceansLive Web Portal, a service of the Two U.S. Douglas Torpedo Bomber Devastators, which played an kept inside the hull, in bays. A trapeze NOAA. Researchers are mapping the important role in World War II, were surveyed by a team of divers was used for launching and retrieving underwater wreckage with an under- from the USS Safeguard assisting the Naval Historical Center and The the planes. She looked impressive, like a water robotic explorer. With the help of International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery. giant blimp, but she had a short career. 10,000 images captured, they will make Lost since the early days of the war, the wrecks were investigated During a storm she went down after a photo mosaic of the site. over four days of diving during which data and samples were col- only two years of service, 1933 - 1935 , The hope is to get the site listed on lected for scientific analysis to find out if the wrecks were suitable for and got lost off the coast of California. the National Register of Historic places. recovery and preservation later. The storm threw the USS Macon into an The wreck site has not been released Safeguard’s commanding officer Lt. Cmdr. Doyle Hodges told Navy updraft; the structure was compromised to the public, and it will remain a secret News: “This was a unique opportunity for Safeguard to be involved in and trailing cables punctured the rear for now. No diving is allowed. Not only the conservation and preservation of an important part of naval his- cells. She fell slowly from the sky; it took is it too deep for , it is tory.” He added, “Just the process of getting to the wreck site in the almost 20 minutes. Then, she went down. also considered a U.S. Navy gravesite. Marshalls gives you a good appreciation for the bravery of the Sailors Almost the entire crew survived, thanks to SOURCE: NOAA & MBARI.ORG ■ who took these aircraft with rudimentary navigation systems across life jackets and warm water. thousands of miles of open ocean. Additionally, the diving conditions She was lost for a long time, and it was in the lagoon were terrific.” The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Immediately after the bombings of Pearl Harbor in WWII, the planes Institute (MBARI) that found her in 1991, went directly after the Japanese headquarters on the Marshall Islands,

or at least, the debris field left of the NOAA & MBARI but were lost in this first U.S. offensive strike. Launched from the USS Macon. Artifacts were retrieved that Yorktown (CV5), weather conditions made their mission difficult, and helped identify the wreck, and video the pilots of the bombers could not make a path for return on the sor- clips, sonar images and photos were tie. They ran out of fuel and ditched in the large central lagoon near taken. the Jaluit Atoll where they lay at rest today. SOURCE: NAVY NEWS ■ The MBARI returned in 2005-06 to con- duct an archeo- logical research Pollution Leaking from WWII Ships in project in the bay. Sunk more than 60 years ago, some dramatically.” Navy base as primary target. The U.S. Japanese war vessels are leaking greater It could be one of the biggest environ- unleashed Operation Hailstone at the amounts of diesel, oil, fuel and toxic mental catastrophes to hit the shores of on location for a two-day aerial bombing chemicals into the island-dotted lagoon of of the most populous states of Micronesia campaign, which was carried on with sev- Chuuk, which has some of the best diving as 57 wrecks made up of cargo ships, eral more confrontations until the end of sites in the world. destroyers, transports, submarines, tugs, the war. Speaking on the subject at the tankers, carriers and other vessels rest on Environmentalists are very concerned Stockholm Convention on Persistent the sea bed carrying enough raw power with the imminent environmental threat Organic Pollutants (POPs), Joe and munitions now used by locals to blow these wrecks impose on the area and sug- NOAA & MBARI Konno, former Director of the Chuuk up areas of the lagoon and its reefs for ille- gest a cooperation between Japan and Scenes from the Environmental Protection Agency, gal fishing. local government should be developed to USS Macon wreck said,“The rate of leakage is rising During WWII, the U.S. viewed this Imperial take care of the problem. SOURCE: KASELEHIE PRESS ■

NOAA & MBARI NOAA & MBARI 23 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Roman Shipwreck Bearing Gifts of Fish Sauce Delicacies to thrill the richest ed Press that the freight has from Cadiz in the south of sea. But fish bone traces palates of the Roman Em- approximately 1,500 well- what is now Spain. It must do remain inside and can pire filled the storage hull of preserved clay amphoras, have been a terrible storm help researchers figure out RESERVED a shipwrecked first-century used to hold a condiment, because it was not common how the sauces were made vessel. Nestled inside some fish sauce, highly prized by for such a vessel to be so according to de Juan. of the hundreds of meter-tall rich Romans. close to shore. “We knew it was an impor- amphoras, or clay jars, on Archeologists not related “The crew did not care tant find but had no real the ship were 2,000 year-old to the project such as, Javier about the cargo or money idea until now,” said de FOR SOME fish bones. Nieto, director of the Center or anything. They headed Juan. “It is an exceptional Archeologists were de- for for land to save their lives,” find.” SOURCE: ASSOCIATED PRESS ■ lighted with the dazzling find of Catalonia agree that the said de Juan. which should provide a lot of shipwreck is very important Unfortunately, the AD information about life in the not only for its size and easy wreck site was not ancient world. access that it offers—just 25 immune from raiding The cargo of amphoras meters (80 feet) below the by pirate scuba divers was discovered in 2000 by surface at about 1.5 kilom- who stole some of the boaters when their anchor eters (one mile) from the amphoras after the first lodged itself in one of the coast—but also because announcement of the two-handled jars. Years of of the fine condition of the find in 2000. The action red-tape later, Carles de cargo. forced the Valencia Juan was able to begin “For archaeologists, a government to con- exploration of the site, which sunken ship is a historic struct a thick metal grat- is located off the coast of document that tells us about ing to protect the jars Alicante in Southeast Spain. ancient history and how its and cover the remains. Estimated at 30 meters economy worked,” Nieto of Because the seals on long with 400-ton cargo Barcelona told Associated the amphoras were not capacity, the vessel is twice Press. “This ship will contribute hermetically sealed, the size of most other Ro- a lot.” the fish sauce isn’t in ad man shipwrecks found in the It is thought that the ship them anymore hav- Mediterranean according probably sank in a storm ing not been able to20 de Juan who told Associat- while sailing back to Rome centuries under the MARIAMILANI

Found: Civil War Schooner? DIVE STORE FOR SALE Officials aren’t saying yet, but a wreck discovered off the coast of south Baldwin County in Alabama, USA, might very well have been a blockade runner in the IN SOUTHEAST FLORIDA Civil War. Remains of a wooden ship were noticed by local residents after high and strong waves revealed Owner retiring after 35 years in the parts of the vessel at the surf line near Fort Morgan. The business. Serious inquiries only. 150-foot ship was found charred near the beach level. Over history, hundreds of ships ran aground in this area, so civil war experts speculate whether or not exact identification of the ship can be made. However, there are military reports that a schooner, Monticello, was [email protected] beached and deserted eight miles from Fort Morgan, then burned by the Union Navy in 1862. Further inves- tigation will be needed to get to the bottom of the mystery. SOURCE: PRESS REGISTER ■

24 X-RAY MAG : 14 : 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Aquariums in the News: Bering Strait Appeared Earlier Than Thought London’s New Coral Reef Researchers from Woods Hole land bridge between what is The £85m Biota Aquarium in London will be install- Oceanographic Institution in now known as Alaska and Si- ing an enormous coral reef made up of living Massachusetts, USA, have set beria flooded 11,000 years ago colonies from the Pacific and Indian oceans. the record straight on the Ber- to make the Bering Strait. London zoo marine specialists are “growing” the ing Strait. According to new Sediment core samples reef for the aquarium designed by Sir Terry Farrell findings, it actually appeared collected from new core sites as part of a 1.5£ billion scheme to rejuvinate the 1,000 years earlier than be- north and west of Alaska in London Docklands. To be completed in 2009, the lieved. This would have made the Chukchi Sea revealed reef is planned to reach 9ft high and 24ft across human travel by foot across skeletons of animals called in a tank with tropical fish for an exhibit in which the bridge impossible 1000 foraminifera that were radio- visitors can be immersed as they walk through the years earlier too. carbon dated and could be aquarium. A team from the Zoological Society of The scientists reporting to traced to specific water and London is supervising the project. ■ Geology magazine found evi- atmospheric temperatures. The dence along the ocean floor findings suggest that the first Public Supports where sediment deposits were humans to come across the Vancouver Aquarium Expansion deep enough to show a view bridge to settle in the Americas of geological history. From this came much earlier than previ- Over 4,000 people took part in a public survey which data, they calculated that the ously thought. SOURCE: REUTERS ■ found higher than expected support for a proposed expansion of the Vancouver Aquarium. The expan- sion proposal includes a 30% increase in the size of Tsunami Risk in the North Sea? the Aquarium at a cost of $80 million. Improvements mainly benefit marine mammals which may include Over 8,000 years wegian coasts whales and dolphins if they are returned back into ago, a tsunami where the last the wild if the public has its way. It is hoped that the hit Europe. Since big tsunami hit. construction will start next spring so the facility will be then it has been Could a tsu- completed by the 2010 Winter Olympics. ■ very quiet, right? nami hit Europe Not so, says again? Scientists U.S. aquarium docs examine whalesharks a new study speculate upon which reveals several ways it that there have could happen Scientists at the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta met NOAA with a whaleshark for a ground-breaking check-up. been a number involving an With the help of around 50 staffers, a stretcher big of deep-sea earthquakes unstable continental slope and enough to hold a mini-bus and a hose transporting around Europe since the last the affect an earthquake or up to 300 gallons of liquid anesthetic, they exam- big one hit. Scientists say that rising temperatures and water ined Ralph, a 22-foot (6.6-meter) male, one of four cities and towns on the North levels may have on meth- whale sharks at the aquarium. Not much is known Sea coast are at risk next time anhydrates: gas-containing about the world’s largest fish, so researchers hope a landslide hits the continental ice caps which keep the sand the study will produce new information about the slope. attached to the slopes like mysterious animal of massive size and wide-ranging Researchers sifted through a kind of weak glue. If water habitat. Ralph and Norton, the other male whale libraries of ancient texts, church levels or temperatures change shark at the aquarium, traveled from Taiwan to documents, and historical enough, this ‘glue’ may fall Atlanta last June luckily before they met their doom chronicles from as far back as apart, said Angus Best of the as seafood in Taipei. Two females, Trixie and Alice, the year 1089 in Great Britain University of Southampton to joined them to find a disturbing number the scientific journal Eos. Gaps a year of reports and descriptions of in our knowledge of this subject later at the earthquakes that came more causes concern in the scientific aquarium frequently and in greater mag- community who suggest that where they nitude than previously thought. further research be conducted live together Further research has been to better understand the risks of in their 6 mil- done by Scandinavian scien- a tsunami in Europe and how lion gallon tists investigating landslides and to protect ourselves when it tank. SOURCE: underwater cliffs off the Nor- comes. SOURCE: SPIEGLE ONLINE ■ ASSOCIATED PRESS ■ FILE PHOTO: TIM HOCHGREBE. UNDERWATER.COM.AU 25 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED By Willy Volk Travel News Malta to Get a New “Marine Adventure Park”? would allow divers and snorkelers to pletely innovative-free name Marine swim with sunfish, rays, groupers, sea Adventure Park. According to a hounds, dog fish, angel shark, tuna, spokesman for the park, “Instead of Edited by Peter & Gunild Symes lampuki and other fish in one of two looking in as one does outside an netted enclosures that resemble aquarium, one snorkels and scuba modern, large-scale fish farms. dives among the fish and in many The difference between fish farms ways interacts with them.” The and these enclosures is that these spokesman also claims the Park will No Major Fall Out fish would be held only for viewing adopt a “Noah’s Ark” approach to in Dive Tourism (as opposed to eating). Roughly stocking the enclosures, meaning 10 times the size of Monterey Bay there would not be a large quantity from Irwin Death Aquarium, and capable of accom- of fish inside the Park, but a healthy Despite recent doom and gloom modating up to 125 snorkelers and and interesting variety. reports from some dive news 75 divers at any time, within the This sounds like a really interesting agencies, the death of popular enclosures, the investors plan to concept, meant to make up for the Australian TV personality and con- MALTA TOURISM AUTHORITY install replicas of megalithic tem- fact that divers and snorkelers are servationist, Steve Irwin, who was Malta and Gozo offers some of the most ples and ancient shipwrecks to seeing fewer fish while on their excur- killed by a in the fall of exciting diving in the Mediterranean serve as artificial reefs that’ll provide sions. If you’re interested in learning this year, has had minimal nega- habitat for the fish. From the sky, the more about the proposal, check out tive impact if any, according to According to The Times of Malta, a two enclosures would resemble a the Marine Foundation’s PDF pro- spokesmen for the Queensland group of investors—including a fish ship’s portholes. As it would sit half a posal or Powerpoint presentation. dive tourism industry and the Cay- farmer, a hotelier, and members of mile offshore, divers would have to Although there aren’t any designs man Islands Tourism Association the diving community—are propos- access the area via boat. of the Park, I think you can probably (CITA), which promotes Stingray ing a new “highly innovative marine The “highly innovative” attraction imagine what a giant net enclosure City and Sand Bar as local attrac- tourist attraction.” The attraction is currently saddled with the com- looks like. ■ tions to millions of tourists each Dahab Gets a own year. Indeed, Steve Broadbelt, Hyperbaric Chamber Chairman of the Water Sports Philippines, Malaysia and Committee of CITA said that Indonesia to Fight Terrorism A nine-person chamber there has actually been a slight Galapagos Marine Patrols Get a Leg Up On Poachers With Better Border Patrol is now available at the rise in numbers of tourists visiting new hyperbric medi- the attractions as compared to An overhauled U.S. Coast Guard cutter has started patrol duty in the wa- In order to deter operatives of the Southeast cal center in Dahab, the same time last year. While ters of the Galapagos Islands in order to catch poachers at sea. It is the Asian regional terrorist network, Jemaah Egypt, at the northern the area is currently experiencing first National Park vessel fast enough to outrun them. Now, park officials Islamiyah (JI), from entering into Mindanao, end of the Red Sea. its low season, attendance has finally have a way to catch illegal fishermen that threaten the highly cher- the Phiippine Government is seeking to work Although used, the been better than expected and ished marine life and diverse ecosystem of the Galapagos. Rebuilding of with Malaysia on bettering boarder patrols. Italien-made chamber may have even been positively the 95-foot cutter, Yoshka, was made possible by funding from the WWF. A proposal from the Defense Secretary is certified and in “great affected by the media coverage. The Yoshka hails from an illustrious career in its previous life having Avelino Cruz to the set up sealanes along shape” according to Dr Meanwhile, in Australia, tourism played an important role in the boarders so officials can effectively monitor Adel Taher, director of the Hy- agencies are reassuring visitors Cuban missile crisis helping to the movement of ships was given to Malay- perbaric Center in Sharm El Sheikh. that the reefs are safe and ex- transport refugees to Miami in sia and Indonesia. According to Cruz, estab- The Dahab center will help victims of decom- pect no negative change in the 1965. Now, after badly needed lished sealanes would let legitimate traffic pression illness more quickly than before when numbers of tourists taking part in repairs, the cutter is again able flow through the area while helping authori- patients had to be evacuated to the Sharm El scuba diving activities. SOURCES: CAYMAN to reach a top speed of 22 knots ties from the three countries check vessels Scheikh center to be treated. It is also hoped NET NEWS & ABC NEWS ■ and navigate for 7-12 days with- found outside the lanes. Thereby, strengthen- that the chamber will be used for research pur- out refueling, and serve once ing control over unauthorized boarder cross- poses in coordination with the Italian National again on missions to save lives, ings and illegal activity. Research Center and DAN-Europe. Dr Taher this time that of precious and en- These measures come none too soon as told DIVE that a new recompression chamber dangered sea life. ■ about 30 JI militants are now operating in the will be purchased for Sharm El Sheikh, which will WWF Philippines while other bombers and leaders operate in tandem with the chamber in The U.S. Coast Guard Cutter, Yoshka are being hunted in Sulu. SOURCE: SUNSTAR IN MANILA ■ order to lessen its work load. ■

26 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED Jacques Rougeries passion for ocean projects goes back a long time. Under- sea Village is from1973 design. Jacques believes that living in the sea, with the sea, is a way to bring its mysteries to light. vessel and running scien- During one of his recent dreams, tific equipment on board. he envisioned an incredible boat, Crew members will mainly able to cruise freely among the be scientists, divided into longest ocean currents, as the two groups since the lowest biggest planktonic entity ever met. part of the vessel can be As a classical boat suddenly put in isolated, like a compression vertical position, above and blow chamber, meaning that a the water surface at the same part of the team can live in satura- may have a complete represen- time. tion for some time. The pressurized tation of marine life living at their deck has direct access to the doorstep. The first missions could Scientific project ocean, allowing scientists to dive last up to two years. Sea Orbiter is not just an impres- whenever they need to, with great sive boat, it is also a scientific savings in time, as they would Missions project. Understanding the great need no, or at least The campaigns should be first ocean currents and their impact Jacques Rougerie very reduced, launched in 2008-09 in the Atlantic on climate and marine life was decompression Ocean with the Gulf Stream the first goal of this project. On disc all around the now vertical stops. One of the study—then, the Pacific Ocean, the other hand, living under the structure for stabilisation. Well, advantages for and finally, the Indian Ocean. surface is similar to conditions that’s the idea anyway... the scientists is that on space crafts where humans In reality, it’s much better and they will be able to Previous projects need life support systems and really quite beautiful. A three- observe the marine Benjamin Franklin proved the exist- have to live in confined spaces meter high model was first pre- life and natural ence of the Gulf Stream in 1769, while dealing with food, health sented in Paris during the centen- organisation of and 200 years later, many sci- and energy for long periods of nial anniversary of Jules Verne’s species around entists guessed that this marine time in relative autonomy. So, it disparition (1905) in the Musée this life shelter. In a current has a huge effect on was only logical that NASA took National de la Marine. The model, few weeks, scientists climate. Jacques Piccard has an interest in the project too. build by MARINTEK in Trondheim, been requested by NASA to After all, they’ve been training all Norway, captivated the imagina- build a submarine for studying their astronauts underwater since tion of thousands of visitors in the this current : from the 14th 1946. Also, the European Space museum. Sea Orbiter is to reach of July to the 14th ofAau- In Jules Verne’s Footsteps Agency, various environmental about 51 meters in height and 23,8 gust 1969, the Ben Franklin Text by Yann Saint-Yves hulls, short hulls, sailing boats with protection agencies and scientific meters in width. Twenty meters of with six crew members underwater windows to the sea, organisations have shown interest the structure is visible above water aboard, drifted in the Gulf Sea Orbiter. Wow. It sounds underwater houses, motor boats— including Institut de Recherche with 31 meters below the surface. Stream at a depth of like a novel by Philip that was his leitmotif between the et de Développement, Woods 100m to 600m. ■ K.Dick or a Stanley Kubrick 70’s and the 90’s. As every other Hole Oceanographic Institution Clean energy and the National Oceanographic Originally the project wanted to 1. Upper lookout deck, movie, doesn’t it? But the visionary, he was considered an original and a dreamer. and Atmospheric Administration. use 100% “green” energy. But bridge Sea Orbiter is not science Right... However, Jacques Together, they created the sci- technical for long trips 2. Trampoline deck, fiction but a serious project Rougerie is one of those very rare entific program behind the Sea were not efficient enough, and in relaxation zone individuals who actually transforms Orbiter. the end, two of two diesel engines 3. Surface deck on its way to become real- 4. Access deck, work- his dreams into reality. His very spe- were included for moving the ves- shops ity. A new Odyssey could sel long distances if needed. But cial boats can be seen all around The vessel 5. Sea level soon take its beginning... the world, allowing everyone Imagine a “classic” ship, then cut this is only for the first model, as the 6. Service deck, to discover underwater marvels off the superstructure and seal the next Sea Orbiter should use some bathrooms Jacques Rougerie is an architect, seated dry and comfortably in the deck. Then, place a lot of “plexi” cleaner engine technologies such 7. Atmospheric deck, well known for his incredible boats, company of the whole family. In a windows along the hull and put as hydrogen cells and electric living quarters which allow passengers to enjoy way, his recipe is simple: Aluminium a weight of more than 400 tons motors. For the rest, fans and solar 8. Research deck, “undersea sightseeing” through hull, methacrylate panoramic at the rear end. You finally add panels should provide enough laboratories 9. Pressurised deck, huge plexiglas hemispheres. Long windows, and a particular organic a huge underwater wing-shaped energy for life support, steering the living quarters

27 X-RAY MAG : 14: 2006 EDITORIAL FEATURES TRAVEL NEWS EQUIPMENT BOOKS SCIENCE & ECOLOGY EDUCATION PROFILES PORTFOLIO CLASSIFIED