10212 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 1286. Also, petition eontaining the signa­ Grant Thy guidance, 0 Lord, upon this gress in their campaign for election tures of 60 citizens of t~e Thirty-first Con­ Legislature. May all petty spirit and all promised to do something to improve the gressional District, St ate of New York, pro­ sectional division be lost in the larger pension conditions for the aged, the testing against the enactment by the Con­ blind, and the disabled of our country. gress of prohibition legislation; to the Com­ vision of the common welfare of man­ mittee on the Judiciary. kind. This .we ask in the name of the I ask that this bill come to the floor of 1287. By Mr. PLUMLEY: Memorial of Saviour of men, even Jesus Christ our the Congress and come soon. I am not Orleans Post, No. 23, American Legion Aux­ Lord. Amen. asking for a gag rule. Put all the iliary, Orleans, Vt., in opposition to the amendments on it you want, but let us establishment of national cemeteries in the The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ see that we do something for these peo­ various States; to the Committee on Military terday was read and approved. ple and do it now. Affairs. "LET US GET TO WORK!" 1288. Also, memorial of Orleans Post, No. WAGE INCREASES 23, American Legion, Orleans, Vt., in opposi­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mrs. DOUGLAS of California. Mr. tion to the establishment of national ceme­ unanimous consent to address the House Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ teries in the various States; to the Com­ for 1 minute and tc revise and extend dress the House for 1 minute and to mittee on Military Affairs. my remarks. revise and extend my remarks. 1289. By Mr. WHITTINGTON: Petition of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Rev. R. G. Lord, J. M. Quinn, and C. L. Rogers, the request of the gentleman from Mis­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to committee, minist erial association, Methodist. sissippi? the request of the gentlewoman. from Church, Greenwood, Mississippi, district, for California? release of young ministers and candidates for There was no objection. There was no objection. the ministry from the armed forces; to the Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I have just finished reading one of the greatest [Mrs. DouGLAS of California addressed Committee on Military Affairs. the House. Her remarks appear in the 1290. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the speeches of its length ever delivered. Appendix.] . Vermont State Industrial Union Council, pe­ Yesterday, when President Jose Lin­ titioning consideration of their resolution hares, former Chief Justice of the Su­ COAL-MINING INDUSTRY with reference to endorsement of the Mur­ preme Court of Brazil, succeeded to the r ay-Patman full employment bill; to the Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Committee on Ways and Means. Presidency of that Republic, he was unanimous consent to address the House 1291. Also, petition of the executive com­ greeted by one of the largest throngs for 1 minute and to revise and extend mittee of the New Orleans Bar Association, ever assembled in Rio de Janeiro. my remarks. petitioning consideration of their resolution He simply stepped forward, and in one The SPEAKER. Is there objection to with reference to their endorsement of H. R. of the shortest addresses ever delivered the request of the gentleman from Penn­ 2181 and S. 920, to the Committee on the by any President of any country-con­ sylvania? Judiciary. sisting of only five words of one syllable 1292. Also, petition of the Board of Super­ There was no objection. visors of the County of Los Angeles, State each-he uttered this profound and [Mr. FLooD addressed the House. His of California, petitioning consideration of patriotic admonition: "Let us get to remarks appear in the Appendix.] their resolution with reference to their en­ work!'' He then retired to assume his burden­ DISPOSITION OF SURPLUS PROPERTY TO dorsement of the campaign of the Ifearst VETERANS newspapers to save the U. S. S. Enterprise some duties as Acting President of Brazil. as a national monument; to the Committee PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask on Naval Affairs. unanimous consent to address the House Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. for 1 minute and revise and extend my Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that remarks. tomorrow, at the conclusion of the legis­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lative program of the day and following the request of the gentleman from New any special orders heretofore entered, I York? WEDNESDAY, OcTOBER 31, 1945 be permitted to address the House for 30 There was no objection. minutes. The House met at 12 o'clock n'oon. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, when Rev. E. 0. Clark, pastor, Chevy Chase the request of the gentleman from Penn­ this House decreed that returning war Baptist Church, Washington, D. C., sylvania? veterans were entitled to preference in offered the following prayer: the purchase of surplus Government There was no objection. property, it was not merely rendering lip 0 Lord our God, Thou in whom we live Mr. BIEMILLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask service to the veterans. We meant what and I . .a.ove and have our being, we come unanimous consent that tomorrow, fol­ we said. The day before yesterday I seeking Thy favor in this hour, for we lowing any special orders heretofore visited the office of the Smaller War know that unless the Lord build the entered, I be permitted to address the Plants Corporation in Brooklyn and house they labor in vain that build it. House for 20 minutes. found that, while since July 1 they had We lift our hearts in gratitude unto The SPEAKER. Is there objection to received almost 25,000 applications from Thee for the blessings that abound unto the request of the gentleman from Wis­ discharged war veterans seeking to buy us as a nation. We thank Thee for the consin? surplus Government property-at the sunshine of this day; may it be prophetic There was no objection. rate of 250 a day-only 200 of these vet­ of that bright new day for the world to EXTENSION OF REMARKS erans have been successful in purchasing which by faith we look and for which we Mr. COX asked and was given permis­ any property. I found that only 200 would earnestly strive. As we are con­ sion to extend his remarks in the RECORD items of surplus property have been sold scious of such abundant blessings of ma­ and include a letter from a young soldier to Brooklyn veterans during that period. terial things, of freedom, of opportunitY, friend. I mean to get to the bottom of this dis­ may we also realize that unto whom Mr. BIEMILLER asked and was given graceful situation and ascertain why it much is given much also will be required. permission to extend his remarks in the is that the veterans all over the ~ountry, May we as a nation be a worthy leader RECORD and include a newspaper article. and if not all over the country, then why among the nations of the world to bind the veterans in Brooklyn, a community up the wounds of our war-torn world OLD-AGE PENSIONS which gave more men and women to the and to help heal the hurt of suffering Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, I armed forces than 38 of the States of the humanity. ask unanimous consent to address the Union, are being discriminated against We yearn for peace, 0 God-for real House for 1 minute. in this regard. and lasting peace that springs from good The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Why is it that the Surplus Property will and trustfulness among men. In the request of the gentleman from Min­ Administration distributes tons of press this strategic day, help us to see that we nesota? releases, statements, and booklets paint­ must match the might of our physical There was no objection. ing in glowing terms the dubious rights power by the might of Thy eternal spirit, Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, there of veterans in the acquisition of surplus for it is not by might, nor by power, but is in committee a bill by Representative property when a veteran in New Yerk by Thy spirit that the better day of good CANNON dealing with old-age pensions. City is unable to purchase even at the will comes among men. A majority of the Members of the Con- Government's price practically a single 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10213 item-no automobiles, no trucks, no o'clock and did nof get through until a great job in trying to bring forth a biil medical or dental equipment, no photo­ half past 5 last night. They will prob­ such as the people of this country would graphic supplies, no building materials, ably do the same today; they were hold­ be glad to receive. I think the House no typewriters; only, as' Janice Pollack ing hearings all morning. They have should grant them the permission, be­ said in yesterday's Daily Mirror, crushed been giving as much time to the legis­ cause of the unjust criticism they re­ chicken-feather pillows, camouflage lation that has been requested to be ceived last night on the radio. shrimp nets, airport boundary markers, brought to the floor as any committee I Mr. HOFFMAN. Reserving the right and prison style sinks that no one wants? know of since I have been associated to object, Mr. Speaker, if the committee The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ with this House in 10 years. They de­ sits this afternoon, the gentleman and tleman from New York has expired. serve the praise of the people of this I have been over there most of the time, THE OFFICE OF PRICE ADMINISTRATION country rather than any criticism that can the gentleman make some arrange­ might be meted out to them· by anybody ment to have some of the sponsors of Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask regardless of how high in the office of the bill and some of the administration unanimous consent to address the House Government the criticism may come supporters, who are members of that for 1 minute and to revise and extend my from, from the President down to the committee, present? remarks and include an editorial. doorman. Mr. COCHRAN. I think most of t.he The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ members of the committee have been the request of the gentleman from Mich­ tleman from Pennsylvania has expired. present, but I think we would get along igan? EXTENSION OF REMARKS a great deal faster if the gentleman from There was no objection. Michigan would not take up so much [Mr. JoNKMAN addressed the House. Mr. GATHINGS asked and was given time. His remarks appear in the Appendix. l permission to extend his remarks in the ' Mr. HOFFMAN. If you do not want EXTENSION OF REMARKS RECORD and include an editorial. any inquiries made with reference to the Mr. ROMULO asked and was given Mrs. SMITH of Maine asked and was merits of the bill, that is all right, but permission to extend his remarks in the all you have done so far is to bring in given permission to extend her remarks RECORD and include a speech by the Pres­ and include an address .delivered by the the gentleman from Texas [Mr. PATMAN] ident of the Philippines and a speech by and the gentleman from California [Mr. Honorable Robert Hale, of Portland, General Wainwright. Maine, on Navy Day. OUTLAND] and let them make their state­ Mr. KOPPLEMANN asked and was ments, and you want us to swallow them. Mr. BUFF'ETT asked and was given given permission to extend his remarks permission to extend his own remarks in We do not want to do it. We choke on in the RECORD and include a renuncia­ that stuff. the Appendix of the RECORD in two in­ tion of anti-Semitism by Robert Ley, and stances and include some excerpts. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to an editorial from the Washington Post the request of the gentleman from Mis­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska asked and pertaining to it. was given permission to extend his re­ sissippi? Mr. KOPPLEMANN asked and was There was no objection. marks in the Appendix of the RECORD and given permission to extend his remarks include a letter. · in the RECORD and include an excerpt PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Mr. MASON asked and was given per­ from an article by Mr. Barnet Nover. Mr. PHILBIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask mission to extend his own remarks in the Mr. VOORHIS of California asked and unanimous consent that today, after the RECORD and include therein an editorial. was given permission to extend his re­ regular business and any other special RETURNING OUR VETERANS TO THEffi marks in the RECORD and include an orders, I be permitted to address the HOMES editorial. House for 5 minutes. Mr. DOYLE asked and was given per­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask mission to extend his remarks in the the request of . the gentleman from unanimous consent to address the House RECORD and include some letters. Missouri? for 1 minute and to revise and extend my Mr. ROW AN asked and was given per­ There was no objection. remarks and include therewith a portion mission to extend his remarks in the of a letter. COMMITTEE ON EXPENDITURES IN THE RECORD on three subjects. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS The SPEAKER. Is there objection Mr. RANDOLPH asked and was given to the request of the gentleman from permission to extend his remarks in the Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Indiana? RECORD and include certain editorial unanimous consent to proceed for 1 min­ There was no objection. comment. . ute and to revise and extend my remarks. [Mr. SPRINGER addressed the House. Mr. COLMER asked and was given per­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to His remarks appear in the Appendix.] mission to extend his remarks in the the request of the gentleman from Mich­ igan? COMMITTEE ON EXPENDITURES IN THE RECORD and include a letter. There was no objection. EXECUTIVE DEPARTI.ffiNTS COMMITI'EE ON EXPENDITURES IN THE Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I do not Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS know whether the President failed to mous consent to address the House for 1 Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker,. I ask catch any fish down at Reelfoot Lake minute and to revise and extend my re­ unanimous consent that the Committee or whether someone trimmed him on one marks. on Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ of the visits he made to the county fairs, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ments may have permission to sit this but, in any event, evidently not feeling the request of the gentleman from Penn­ afternoon during the general debate on very well, he took occasion last night to sylvania? the bill. scold two committees of this House be­ There was no objection. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Re­ cause they have not jumped through the Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, last night ~3rving the right to object, Mr. Speak­ hoops he sent up. As far as the Commit­ the Committee on Expenditures in the er, what committee is it? tee on Expenditures in the Executive De­ Executive Departments was criticized Mr. COCHRAN. That the Committee partments is concerned, we have been over the radio at 10 o'clock p. m. for not on Expenditures in Executive Depart­ holding hearings, all right, and listening bringing certain legislation to the floor ments may have permission to sit this to the administration big shots. of the House. To be specific, the full­ afternoon during general debate. I wish to call this fact to your atten­ employment bill. I want to say for the Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Is tion: That bill which the President last gentleman from Alabama [Mr. MA­ that agreeable to both sides? night said was necessary to reconversion NASCO J, chairman of the committee, Mr. COCHRAN. Yes. The Secretary does not provide for a single thing, not and the members of that committee, they cf the Treasury was present and he is one thing, which the President of the came in 2 weeks before the Congress going to return this afternoon. All United States cannot do now if he wants convened regularly after the vacation. members did not have a chance to ask to. So, instead of shoving the problem They have been in session practically all him questions. off on us, if he wants to give union poli­ the time, doing hard work in holding Mr. RICH. Reserving the right to ob­ ticians something for the purpose of hearings, and any criticism of that com­ ject, Mr. Speaker, that is just what I making a political alliance, instead of de­ mittee is as unjust as it can possibly be. was talking about a few moments ago. voting his time and energies to a solu­ The commiaee has worked hard. Yes­ That committee sat all day yesterday and tion of the strike situation, that is all terday they went into session at 10 they want to sit today. ney are doing right with me. Let him go ahead, but 10214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 do not blame us about the delay and tions at large cost with a lot of troops the RECORD and include an article ap­ confusion. He cannot send up anything who ought to be home, even though the pearing in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. he wants to and which he thinks is good right to use these stations has been re­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to in a special message. voked. To furnish electricity to operate the request of the gentleman from Ohio? The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ those three stations in Iceland they are There was no objection. tleman from Michigan has expired. building a 500-kilowatt power plant at UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILI' EXTENSION OF REMARKS the cost of half a million dollars. Why TATION ADMINISTRATION-ADDITION~ do they not bring those 200 men home AL APPROPRIATim~ Mr. CRAWFORD asked and was given from Iceland and Greenland? permission to extend his remarks in the Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I yield to RECORD and include a letter written by ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. ALLEN] Mr. Wilson, of General Motors, to Mr. UNRRA 30 minutes. Reuther, of the CIO. Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I call up Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I l\1r. PATMi\N asked and was given per­ House Resolution 368 and ask for its im­ yield myself such time as I may consume; m~ssion to extend his remarks in the mediate consideration. The SPEAKER pro tempore. . The RECO RD and include a statement by Sec­ The Clerk read as follows: gentleman from Illinois is recognized. retary Vinson, made before the House R esolved, That immediately upon the adop­ Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Committee on Expenditures in support tion of this resoluttcn it shall be in order this rule makes in order the considera­ of the full-employment bill. to move that the House resolve itself into tion of House Joint Resolution 266 which the Committee of the Whole House on the provides additional appropriations for Mr. GORDON asked and was given State of the Union for the consideration of permission to extend his remarks in the the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 266) making the United Nations Relief in the amount RECORD and include two articles that ap­ an additional appropriation for the Unitea of $550,000,000. The United States has peared in the New York Times. Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Adminis~ · already appropriated $800,000,000 for THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT DOES NOT tration. That after general debate, which relief from foreign nations, making a shall be confined to the joint resolution and OWE YOU A JOB total of. $1,350,000,000 of the taxpayers' shall continue not to exceed 3 hours, to be money, yet to be borrowed. This is an Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Speaker, I·ask equally divided and controlled by the chair­ cpen rule providing for amendments and unanimous consent to address the House man and the ranking minority member of proposes 3 hours of general debate. for 1 minute, to revise and extend my the Committee on Appropriations, the joint resolution shall be read for amendment under We, under agreement have committed l'emarks and include therein certain ex­ the 5-minute rule. At the conclusion of ourselves to this stupendous sum. We cerpts from Economic Outlook, the pub­ the reading of the joint resolution for amend~ must keep our contracts, but zealously lication of the CIO. ment, the Committee shall rise and report the guard ourselves against future one-sided The SPEAKER. Is there objection to same back to the House with such amend­ agreements. Under UNRRA as you well the request of the gentleman from ments as shall have been adopted and the know, the United States provides $1,- Michigan? previous question shall be considered as or­ 350,000,000 and Russia $1,750,000. Yes; There was no objection. dered on the joint resolution and amend­ we are giving approximately a thousand [Mr. CRAWFORD addressed the House. ments thereto to final passage without in­ tervening motion except one motion to re~ times more than Russia, also a powerful His remarks appear in the Appendix.] commit. nation. MOLASSES FOR CATTLE FEED CALL OF THE HOUSE Mr. Speaker, for many months, I have Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I make the patiently awaited the time when this Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to .point of order that a quorum is not pres­ administration would at least tempo­ address the House for .1 minute and to ent. rarily forget about the problems of for­ revise and extend my remarks. The SPEAKER. Obviously a quorum is eign nations and confine itself to the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to not present. momentous job before Congress having the request of the gentleman from New . Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I move a to do with our own domestic policy. York? call of the House. Never in a!l the history of our country There was no objection. A call of the House was ordered. has there been such confusion in our Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ land. Speaker, molasses can· be used for mix­ lowing Members failed to answer to their­ We hear much about the necessity o'f ing dairy feeds as well as for producing names: reconversion. Has this aC::ninistration alcohol. During the war the Govern-' [Roll No. 183] done anything about it? ment purchased practically all the im­ Adams Daughton, N.C. O'Konski We hear a great deal about bringing ported molasses for the purpose of Andersen, Eberharter Peterson, Fla. our ·heroic soldiers and sailors home. H. Carl Fallows Peterson, Ga. manufacturing alcohol. · This policy I Andresen, Fernandez Ploeser Will any dispute that there has been understand is to continue through the August H. Flannagan Plumley considerable unjustifiable delay? balance of 1945 and 1946. I have ap­ Andrews. N.Y. Gibson Powell We have heard from the New Deal Barrett, Pa. Gillespie Robsion, Ky. publicity agents the laudable objectives pealed to the Secretary of Agriculture, Barry Gillie Roe, Md. our former colleague, Mr. Anderson, to Bates, Ky. Gore Russell of reorganization and consolidation of step in and provide for the distribution Boykin Granahan Sabath our governmental departments. Will Bradley, Mich. Griffiths Simpson, Pa. any insist there are less civilians on the­ of sufficient molasses to make enough Brehm Hand Snyder dairy feed for all the cows in my district Buckley Harness, Ind. Starkey Federal pay roll than there was 6 months and up-State New York, because I have a Bunker Hope Sumners, Tex. ago? very friendly feeling for the people of Byrne, N. Y. Jarman Taylor . Mr. Speaker, there is not any intelli­ Campbell Keefe Thomas, Tex. the big cities in the Northeast and want Cannon, Mo. Kerr Thomason gent American· who will deny that this to see them have sufficient milk and carlson Kilburn Wadsworth administration has attempted through dairy products this next year. Case, N. J. King Weiss time and money to solve the problems of case, S.Dak. Landis West The SPEAKER. The time of the Celler Merrow White foreign nations. However, most agree gentleman from New York has expired. Cunningham Morgan Winter very little has been done to solve the Curley Morrison Wolcott problems of our own people. We are RADIO STATIONS IN ICELAND Dawson Mott Wolfenden, Pa. faced with strikes, price control, lack of Dickstein Mundt . Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Dinge'll Norton a concrete program for reconversion of unanimous consent to address the industry which will give millions jobs House for 1 minute. The SPEAKER. On this roll call 349 and the never-ending necessity of selling The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Members have answered to their names, more bonds to finance the Federal Gov­ the request of the gentleman from New a quorum is present. · ernment. Will any· say that these prob­ York? By unanimous consent, further pro­ lems of our own people have been even There was no objection. ceedings under the call were dispensed· minutely solved? Will anyone declare Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, a bad situ­ with. that President Truman has even at­ ation has been called to my attention in EXTENSION OF REMARKS tempted to mitigate these emergencies? the War Department. In Iceland they Mr. JONES. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ For 12long years we have had emergency are building three radio transmitting sta- imous consent to extend my remarks in after emergency. Young men and 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10215 women, now becoming of age have never some legislation designed to solve the that there are hundreds of thousands lived a normal American life. Nothing problems of our own people? of members of organized labor who, deep but emergency after emergency. Mr. Speaker, I yield 8 minutes to the down in their hearts, feel the same way It may be oversimplification to point gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. KNUT­ about it. out the absence of national programs soN]. No fair-minded individual will ques­ looking to definite recommendations and Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, what­ tion the need for bringing about a proper definite actions on the part of President ever doubts we may have entertained as balance between wages and cost of liv­ Truman, with respect to our own national to the position of the President and his ing. That is not debatable. But when affairs. I doubt if history could reveal administration, pertaining to labor dis­ he s~ys that the employer and the small and never in my long service in this pufes, were set at rest last evening by businessman must absorb the cost he is House has the United States been gov­ the President himself. This is definitely playing with fire and he should know it. erned in such a haphazard manner. a labor government, and there can no The President was not well advised in The executive department has not enun­ longer be any doubt that the President the preparation of his radio address of ciated any fixed course of action, in re­ proposes to give labor all that they ask last evening. It was unsound economi· spect to our domestic policy. Our for­ for, and perhaps more. cally, and inflammatory politically. Any eign policy is very complicated. Lend­ It is, of course, the President's right high-school boy could have told him that lease, Palestine, UNRRA, Cl:lina, Poland, to criticize the Congress and the commit­ an increase in wages must be added to the Balkans, are serious problems which tees of Congress, if he chooses to do so. the selling price of the finished product are not easy to comprehend. Many However, we also have certain rights, and to be paid for by the consumer. wonder, if these foreign problems are one of which is to analyze what the Pres· The economy of the country is hang­ being handled wisely by this administra­ ident said. ing in the balance today, thanks to the tion, when they well know nothing is be­ When the President, some weeks ago, vacillating and do-nothing labor policy ing done about our domestic policy. Our sent a message to Congress urging the of this administration. Whatever ef!ort.s country today, Mr. Speaker, with its vast passage of the bill to increase unemploy­ it has put forth to compose differences resources of land, labor, finance, indus­ ment compensation benefits up to $25 between labor and management have try, commerce, and transportation, is per week, and extend the peliod for been ineffective and abortive. I contrast suffering the results of being malad­ drawing such benefits up to 26 weeks he the labor record of the Truman admin­ ministered and governed by a cracker­ was following his constitutional rights, istration with that of Governor DeweY, barrelled administration playing crack­ if not sound economics. of New York, who recently settled a seri­ er-barrelled politics close to the executive Surely, the President must know that ous strike in New York City almost over­ department. Day after day, I have the operation of the unemployment com­ night. Governor Kelly, of Michigan, closely studied the list of Presidei1tial pensation law, as it now stands, is being was equally successf~l in settling a strike callers carried in the Washington Post. badly abused and that many, who should of considerable magnitude some days I would ask you if you ever noted an out­ be working, are refusing jobs because back. I would suggest to President Tru­ standing authority on agriculture, small they can make almost as much by re:. man that he take a leaf out of the books business, industry, or finance included maining idle. The President should of Governor Dewey and Governor Kelly in that list? Could those listed callers know that the law, as it now is operat­ on how to settle strikes. He could do possibly be helpful in the solving of our ing, places a premium on loafing and to so with great profit to the country and many problems? I am convinced that further liberalize it would . merely pro­ to himself. the White House will not solve them but long the loafing period. Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. Mr. we, the Congress, must do so. Are not Speaker, will the gentleman yield? our people looking to Washington for the ':'he Ways and Means Committee, solution that never comes? Are they which he singled out for attack, heard a Mr. KNUTSON. I yield to the gentle­ not entitled to immediate relief instead number of Government {)fficials in sup­ man from ·Michigan. of continuous bungling? port of the bill and if any criticism is due, Mr. WOODRUFF of Michigan. The Mr. Speaker, how long will this admin­ it should be charged to the failure of labor trouble that the gentleman refers istration continue to bungle? When will the Ways and Means Committee to also to in Michigan had to do with the electric our people be able to return to a normal hear the public, who will have to pay the power companies of that State. Things life? The time requires a statement of bill. had reached a stage where it was ap­ fact, by the President of the United If the President wants to follow in the parent to everybody that if that situation States. Can we expect it? If not, the footsteps of his predecessor and pur­ were carried further than it had already solution of our problems will come chase his reelection at the expense of gotten it would have tied up everything through an enlightened public opinion. the public, the onus for doing so must in the State. I think Governor Kelly The people are demanding an efficient rest upon him. is to be congratulated upon the celerity and considerate administration. Let A majority of the committee, after and the firmness with which he handled President Truman act. The Constitution having heard several Government wit­ that situation. of the United States provides that the nesses, came to the conclusion that the Mr. KNUTSON. I am glad to have the President of the United States shall from bill which he plead for so fervently last gentleman's contribution. time to time give to the Congress infor­ evening would promote unemployment Mr~ CHURCH. Mr. Speaker, will the mation of the state of the Union, and and unnecessarily prolong the period of gentleman yield? recommend such measures as he shall reconversion. _ Mr. KNUTSON. I yield to the gen­ judge necessary and expedient. Let him As for what he said with reference to tleman from Illinois. come out now, and give us some concrete the full-employment bill, I ·willleave that Mr. CHURCH. The gentleman has and constructive recommendations to to the members of the committee having spoken of the President's implied criti­ solve the many problems before us, not a the measure in charge. cism of the Committee on Expenditures few general statements, leaping or skip­ When the President of the United in the Executive Departments because of ping from one subject to another, or States comes out and advocates an in­ delay, allegedly. I am very eager, for the veering irregularly from one problem to crease in pay all along the line and in President and the public to know that another. We heard his message last the same breath refuses to allow such his own Cabinet members have de­ evening-a message that was not clear, increases to be incorporated into the layed coming to that committee until concise, factual, in platting the course of production cost, saying that to do so the last few days. The Secretary of the national interests, but filled with the would promote inflation, he is simply in­ Treasury, Mr. Vinson, delayed until to­ hope that something, somehow, some­ dulging in political gymnastics and if he day. The Secretary of Commerce, Mr. where, will eventually· happen. carries that policy into effect it may Wallace, delayed coming to testify until I am going to follow the recommenda­ result in a shut-down all along the line yesterday. Other members of his Cab­ tions of this administration and vote for because the American people are not inet have delayed their· coming. They this resolution today, which intends to used to doing business for the fun of it. themselves have delayed day after daY. solve the problems of foreign people. Am In effect, the President, in his radio in coming to the committee after invita­ I unreasonable when I vigorously urge talk last evening, dealt the profit incen­ tions from the chairman of the commit­ that . this administration bring fort:Q tive a blow below the 'belt and I am sure. tee to present themselves. 10216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 Mr. KNUTSON. · I was told that by With this $30,000,000, you are now up to Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Yes; I noted the chairman of the gentleman's com­ a total of eighty-seven-million-and­ that there was an inconsistency in the mittee only this morning. The delay is some-odd dollars. So I was correct last gentleman from Michigan's position, and altogetner due to the failure of admin­ week when I told the House they just for that reason called it to the attention istration officials to come up here and grabbed it out of the air because now the of the House. testify. That is true, all of which goes figure is $87,000,000 plus. So it was true. Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, will the to prove that what the President said pn top of that you have the returning gentleman yield? last night was nothing but pure, un­ veterans,. whom we are anxious to serve. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield. adulterated sophistry. USES have the largest amount of work Mr. HALLECK. Might it not also be Mr. BAILEY. Mr. Speaker, will the that has ever been before them due to a pretty good time to suggest that .while gentleman yield? the conversion program. The testimony the purposes of UNRRA are approved, Mr. KNUTSON. I yield to the gentle­ before us is that the monthly job for and While many of us on this side of the man from West Virginia. September was eight times the average aisle expect to support it, we had better Mr. BAILEY. I would like to inquire monthly job for the whole of last year. begin to understand that America can if the gentleman is expressing his own This morning the opposition talks about only feed the world if America is strong opinion or that of the Republican Party. bungling. They talk about chaos. Who at home. We all know what happens to The SPEAKER pro tempore. The is creating chaos? Let the answer fall a family when the chief provider dies. time of the gentleman from Minnesota where it will. So I am not so sure but what in this has expired. Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 consideration it might be well if, inci­ Mr. KNUTSON. I would be glad to minutes to the gentleman from Ala­ dental to it, we began to think about reply to the gentleman if he will get me bama [Mr. PATRICK]. some of the things on the home front more time. Mr. PATRICK. Mr. Speaker, I do not that must be accomplished if we are Mr. :aAILEY. I cannot give the gen­ blame the Republicans for playing poli­ going to discharge our obligations to tleman any time, but I certainly would tics when they want to. We all play poli­ UNRRA and to the world, the thing about like to know that. tics. But who encouraged the scorched­ which the gentleman from Michigan Mr. KNUTSON. I am sorr~· lack of earth policy over there, and encouraged [Mr. RABAUTJ talked. I just wish that time will not permit of my answering the little peoples of Europe when they broke on occasion the gentleman would stand gentleman's question. It would delight their dams? We did. Who of the great up with some of the rest of us to me to give him information he now so human ·race of men with hearts and souls strengthen the countrY' at home and sadly lacks. wo).lld today let them down? It is all make it possible for us to do something . Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 right to play politics, but shame on you through UNRRA. minutes to the gentleman from Michigan boys when you play politics with the Mr-. BROWN of Ohio. I wish to thank [Mr. RABAUTJ. whited bones of the dead and the shriv­ the gentleman from Indiana for his con­ Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Speaker, this is in­ eled skins of the hungry. Our European tribution. Certainly his remarks are deed a sorry spectacle that we witness allies are putting us on the. spot now very germane to this discussion. here on a day when we gather to serve when they declare we should release the Mr. HALLECK. I had not expected to the people of the world looking to the full knowledge of the atomic bomb to take any time on this proposition, but generosity of America through UNRRA, the world, and they leave us in a diplo­ I hope, while he has time, the gentleman people in starvation, children in rags, matic hole. So let us be careful that we · will explain to us by what sort of world the winter's cold even now upon some of do not again become regarded as the operation UNRRA, to which we are the them. Yet, we stand here and hear a polecat of nations merely because of a principal contributor, pours its · money political speech, politics in its worst little hometown politics. and its goods, our money and our goods, form, on an occasion poorly selected. I The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ into nations that we seek to help, when would not like to stoop to that. I am tleman from Alabama has expired. at the very time the goods and property, surprised that the distinguished gentle­ Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, yes, the capacity, of some of those na­ man from Minnesota in his high-ranking I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from tions to rebuild for themselves, is being position on the Committee on Ways and Ohio [Mr. EROWN]. siphoned off by other nationF: out of de­ Means could find no better occasion on Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, it mands made against them. The gentle­ which to step into the role that he took is to be regretted that often we forget man from Michigan [Mr. RABAUT] might this morning. the subject at hand and engage in politi­ well pay attention to that. Mr. CHURCH rose. cal discussion when an important meas­ .. Mr. BI:?.OWN of Ohio. Now, gentJe­ Mr. RABAUT. I am not going to yield. ure is before the House. I could not .men, my time is running out and I can­ Yes, we are here to serve the purpose help but notice that the gentleman from not yield further. of getting this rule before us in the Michigan, of whom I am very fond, at­ This rule makes in order House Joint quickest time pos-sible, and for the fur­ tacked a Member of thf' minority be­ Resolution 266, which provides for the ther purpose of being of assistance with cause, in his discussion of the affairs appropriation of an additional $550,000,- the generous heart of America. of the day, he referred to the very time1y 000 for the purposes of the United Na­ The other day I referred to UNRRA as subject of the President's address to the tions Relief and Rehabilitation Adminis­ a glorified, temporary Red Cross, the Nation last night and the President's tration. As we all recall, t.~e original American Red Cross. criticism of the legislative branch of the Enabling Act or authorization was for Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the Government. Seemingly, the gentleman $1,350,000,000 as the contribution for gentleman yield? from Michigan believed ·the gentleman the United States' portion of the UNRRA Mr. RABAUT. I will not yield. from Minnesota was out of order in dis­ operations. That obligation has been Yet here we set it aside, the common cussing that address, and accused him of made. Eight hundred million dollars mother of charity, beloved in this coun­ talking politics. Then, immediately the have thus for been paid by our Govern­ try, on a glorified scale for the relief of gentleman from Michigan turned around ment on that obligation. There has been the people of the world and yet we set it and engaged in what I would term an a great deal of criticism, and I believe aside for the purpose of delving into old-fashioned political harangue. Seem­ rightly so, of the manner in which politics. · ingly, it depends upon whose ox is gored. UNRRA has been administered. There Last week we had in this hall an Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the has been much evidence of waste and ex­ am~ndment en a recent bill, wherein we gentleman: yield? travagance; waste and extravagance grabbed $30,000,000 for the United States Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield. which has been entirely unnecessary, Employment Service, did not know Mr. KNUTSON. Of course, the gen­ and has seriously interfered with carry­ where we got it, not a syllable of hear­ tleman does not expect consistency on ing. out the intent and purpose of the ings on it, not a word of testimony, and the part of any New Dealer? legislation. Certainly, money that is it had solid support across the aisle from Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I do not wish wasted, goods that have not been prop~ the front to the back seats. Since that to engage in personalities. erly distributed, food that never reaches day we have had Mr. Altmeyer before us . Mr._KNUTSON. I am not engaging the hungry, do not help the cold- and tn the committee. He says under section in personalities_ when I make that re­ starving. The American people _a:r.e not 3 of the origin~! act they were permitted mark. I am -merely making an obser­ pleased with the· situatton·, as they- see to have the top figure of $80,000,000. vation. it now, in UNRRA. They do not know 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10217 what is going on. They realize, as most Miss SUMNER of Dlinois. Mr. Speak­ I have just listened to the amendment of us in Congress appreciate,- that we er, will the gentleman yield? to be proposed by the gentleman from have made an obligation to furnish an Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Briefly. Ohio [Mr. BROWN] which places limita­ additiona1 $550,000,000 for UNRRA, and Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Most of tions upon the expenditure of the money that we are in the position where we will this money as shown by the hearings is appropriated for UNRRA. In this cir­ have to make that contribution of more going into three Communist countries, cumstance, the amendment would be than a half billion dollars in order to Poland, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia, germane. I. cannot conceive of anyone keep our word good before the nations of and you have not the ghost of a chance opposing the purpose of the Brown the world. Yet we are not satisfied with of getting a newspaper correspondent in amendment and, if it is germane to the that which has been going on. We do there to find out how this relief is being resolution, then it should be adopted, not know the full story. The people are used. and I shall support it. not properly informed as to how the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Perhaps it may The United Nations Relief and Re­ money, the food, and the supplies they help; Lut again I want to say there can habilitation Administration was estab­ be no legitimate or honest objection to lished pursuant to an agreement con­ have furnished under UNRRA, are being permitting the people of the United used or distributed. For that reason, at cluded by the United Nations and asso­ States to know how the money they are ciated governments on November 9, 1943. the proper place and at the proper time spending, or the food they are furnish­ when this resolution is before the House The United States became a party to this ing, is being used in these countries. I agreement and the Congress accepted for amendment, I intend to offer the fol­ shall press for the adoption of this the terms thereof through the enact­ lowing amendment: amendment and hope that I may have ment of Public Law 267, Seventy-eighth Provided, For. the purpose of keeping the the united support of all Members of Congress, which was approved.on March people of the United States fully and properly the House who believe in a free press and 28, 1944. The UNRRA Council, which is informed as to the need for and the use of in the right of the American people to the relief and aid being or to be furnished the governing body of the Administra­ various countries and peoples by the United know the truth. tion and on which each signatory gov­ Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Adminis­ Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Speaker, will the ernment has a member, recommended tration·, that none of the funds appropriated gentleman yield? that each member nation whose area had hereby, or none of the commodities, sup­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield. not been occupied by the enemy con­ plies, materials, or services purchased or ob­ Mr. BLOOM. Does the gentleman tribute to the operating expenses an tained through the expenditures of funds believe that if someone is starving, a amount equal to 1 percent of its national provided herein, shall be furnished to or used mother or children, in any of these in any country of which the controlling income for 1943. This was computed to government interferes with or refuses full countries, we must say to this mother or be $1 ,350,000,000 in the case of the and free access to the news of any and all to these cli.ildren that we cannot give United States and was authorized to be activities of the United Nations Relief and relief, although we are able to _give it appropriated by Public Law 267, Seventy­ Rehabilitation Administration by represent­ because your country is- eighth Congress. Countries whose ter­ atives of the press and radio of the United Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I anticipate the ritory had been occupied by the enemy States; or maintains any barrier-technical, gentleman's question, and I want to say were requested to contribute only to the political, legal, or economic-to obtaining, to him that if there is any country on dispatching, and disseminating the news, administrative expenses. or discriminates in rates and charges for the face of the earth which would rather The UNRRA Participation Act, 1945, use of such news collecting and dispatching censor news, or would rather refuse to made available to the President for meet­ facilities, against the representatives of the let the American people know what is ing partially the obligations of the United press and radio of the United States; or going on in that country, than to have States a total of $800,000,000, of which censors, or attempts to censor, in time of their own hungry people fed, then the $450,000,000 was a direct appropriation • peace, any news representatives of th~ press respor£sibility rests with that govern­ and the remaining $350,000,000 consist­ and radio of the United States may diSpatch ment and with that nation, and not with ed of authority to transfer to UNRRA from such country. us, or the people we represent. Surely supplies, services, or funds available un­ This amendment is rather plain. I the gentleman {rom New York cannot der the Lend-Lease Act. Under this believe every one of my listeners can un­ take the position it is either the duty or transfer authority, supplies and serv­ derstand th3 full meaning of it. It responsibility of the American people to ices have been made available in the means simply that if a country is to furnish the great proportion of the amount of $150,000,000 and funds in the receive our largesse that the proper ac­ money and supplies to feed the hungry amount of $200,000,000. Of the cash credited representatives of the press and and to relieve the suffering throughout which was made available to UNRRA radio of the United States must be given the world, but that they shall not be from the United States contribution, over tress 'access to the news, as to what is permitted to learn or to know whether $650,000,000, all but $20,000,000 had been going on in connection with UNRRA, such funds or supplies are actually used committed on October 21, 1945. and must be permitted to dispatch that for the purposes for which we furnish Therefore, $550,000,000 of the original news to the people of the United States them. To my mind such a position is authorization of $1 ,350,000,000 remains untenable. It cannot be sustained by unappropriated and unprovided. This without discrimination of any kind, and any valid or logical argument. that the communication facilities of each resolution makes this $550,000 ,000 avail­ Mr. ALLEN of Dlinois. Mr. Speaker, able to UNRRA to liquidate the original recipient country shall be made available I yield the remainder of the time on this for that purpose. Certainly no nation, authorization. In short, that is in sub­ side to the gentleman from Michigan stance this proposed legislation. no country, no government which is re­ [Mr. MICHENER]. ceiving this aid for the starving people, Stating it another way, our country Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, the has, by law and contract, obligated it­ as we term them here, of that ·country resolution which this rule makes in or­ or nation can possibly object to letting self in the amount of $1,350,000,000 and der is not a genel'al appropriation meas­ if we are to comply with that law and the American people know just how relief ure; neither is it a general legislative contract then we are at least morally and aid is being distributed and used measure. It is a hybrid. It contains an bound to pay the $550 ,000,000 still due. therein. Certainly there can be no ob­ appropriation as well as legislation and Mr. Speaker, there has undoubtedly jection to having the representatives of therefore does not come within the pro­ been waste, inefficiency, extravagance, the American press and radio see for visions of the House rules obtaining in and improper management on the part themselves and report back to the people the consideration of general appropria­ of the administrators of UNRRA; yet of America as to how the money and tion bills. these shortcomings should not preclude food which they have supplied and given There will be 3 hours o·f general debate, our country from fulfilling its obligation is being used or distributed in the coun­ at the conclusion of which time the res­ and living up to its contract. A number tries which receive it; and for what pur­ olution will be read for amendment un­ of Members of Congress have visited Eu­ pose it is being used. der the 5-minute rule. All germane rope within the last few months. Some The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ amendments will be in order. The of them have made investigations and tleman from Ohio has expired. majority leader has indicated that gen­ given special study to charges of what Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I eral debate will be concluded today and is happening so far as the administra­ yield 2 additional minutes to the gentle­ that the resolution will be taken up for tion of UNRRA in Europe is concerned. man from Ohio. amendment tomorrow. These Members do not agree as to the 10218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 details. They do agree, however, as to regulations placed by the Congress upon jor item following the disposition of the the condition in which Europe finds it­ this army of administrators. Too much rescission bill. self as the winter approaches. They do money is going cut of the Treasury of the In other words, it has been taken up agree that there is to be suffering, dis­ United States and not reaching the at the earliest possible moment. It tress, and even starvation in some of needy in the form of food, clothing, heat, could not have been reached any sooner.· those countries unless relief is received and the other things intended. We have given it priority over every other from the United states. Again, we are Mr. Speaker, generous Uncle Sam is pending estimate before the committee. confronted with a condition and not with contributing 72 percent of all the money The United Nations Relief and Re­ a theory. First, there is the legal ob­ implementing the UNRRA international habilitation Administration was estab­ ligation under the law and under our agreement. We furnish most of the lished pursuant ~o an agreement con­ contract. Second, there is an obliga­ money even though this is deficit spend­ eluded by the Uriited Nations and associ­ tion rising from typical American in­ ing, and before additional appropria­ ate governments, 44 in all, on November stincts of humanity. Now, the amount tions are authoriaed this whole opera­ 5, 1943. The United States became a provided for in this resolution will not tion must be carefully screened to the party to this agreement and the Con­ solve the problem, but it will help, and end that relief dollars reach the needy. gress accepted the terms thereof through regardless of any irregularities in carry­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ the enactment of Public Law 267, Seven­ ing out the terms of the UNRRA pact, tleman from Illinois has expired. ty-eighth Congress, approved March 28, I shall support the resolution. Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1944. A frank discussion and airing in this myself 1 minute. There are those who contend that at debate of UNRRA procedure will be most Mr. Speaker, there seems to be no this late date, regardless of any agree­ helpful to better administration in the controversy about the adoption of this ments we may have made with the na­ future. frncle Sam is not Santa Claus. rule. We have, therefore, not thought tions of the world, that we should with­ Every dollar here appropriated comes it necessary to make any arguments in draw and refuse to participate further. from -an empty Treasury, which means its behalf. Everyone is agreed that the That was the theory of Kaiser Wilhelm, that more bonds must be sold to our peo­ rule should be adopted. of Germany, under which he repudiated ple for the express purpose of relieving Mr. Speaker, I move the previous his treaty of obligations and precipitated the suffering of humanity elsewhere. I question. ·the First World War. He said, "What agree with those who insist that unlimit­ The previous question was ordered. are treatie.s? They are mere scraps of ed spending is bound to ruin our country, The SPEAKE:ij,. The question is on paper." Adolf Hitler, in his Mein Kampf, and very careful scrutiny must be given the resolution. said that international agreements are to additional legislation before new con­ The resolution was agreed to. made to be kept only as long as it was to tracts are entered into and new obli:J.- Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. the interest of the contracting nations to tions created. · Speaker, I move that the House resolve keep them, and when it is no longer to the Mr. Speaker, self-preservation is the itself into the Committee of the Whole interest of the nation to comply with the fj.rst law of nature. We cannot help our House on the State of the Union for the terms of such agreements they were to allies and our friends by pulling ourselves consideration of the joint resolution (H. J. Res. 266) making an additional ap­ be discarded without ceremony or -com­ down to their level. We can be of as­ punction. I am certain there is no one sistance only by keeping strong economi­ propriation for the United Nations Relief · and Rehabilitation Administration. today, and certainly no one in the Amer­ cally, morally, and spiritually at home, ican Congress, who would have the and by example and financial aid, within The SPEAKER. The question is on _the motion offered by the gentleman United States adopt a policy or philos­ our means. ophy of that character. I know of no group of our citizens from Missouri. which is opposed to this resolution. I The motion was agreed to. Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chair­ do not say that there are no such groups Accordingly the House resolved itself man, will the gentleman yield? or persons but I do say I have not heard into the Committee of the Whole House Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to from any of them. On the other hand, on the State of the Union for the con­ the gentlewoman from Illinois. I have received many letters, resolutions~ sideration of the joint resolution, House Miss SUMNER of Illinois. We were and petitions from residents of my dis­ Joint Resolution 266. solemnly assured at the time this was trict urging that I support this appro­ The Clerk read the title of the bill. voted that it was not a treaty, and that priation. I am glad to do this; but I By unanimous consent, the first read­ was the reason it was not ratified by a want to give notice now that the United ing of the joint resolution was dispensed vote of two-thirds of the Senate. This States cannot continue indefinitely to with. Congress cannot bind itself in the future finance the rest of the world. UNRRA Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ by an authorization in this matter-. was · intendeCi. to furnish relief only. It man, the committee submits to the House Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I cite to i.s not intended to furnish the finances a bill to discharge not only our obliga­ the distinguished gentlewoman from whereby overrun and devastated coun­ tion to humanity but our commitments Illinois the report recently issued by the tries are to be rehabilitated. Congress, to the other Allied Nations of the world. Republican conference. This is the ir. its wisdom, has provided other agen­ In doing so, may I also say that the Republican Congressional Food Study cies through which any such help may recent criticism in the press to the effect Committee report to the gentleman from be given. that there has been any delay in the sub­ Massachusetts, the Honorable JosEPH W. Mr. Speaker, we aU realize that within mission of this proposition to the House MARTIN, Jr., Republican leader of the a few weeks there will be another reso­ is without foundation. House of Representatives, October 29, lution here urging more appropriation The Committee on Appropriations has 1945. for UNRRA possibly another $1,350,000,- a very crowded schedule. We met on I read from page 2, under "Recom­ 000. I do not believe that the Congress September 5 with the obligation of pro­ mendations": should commit itself at this time on any ceeding immediately to the reclaiming The $550,000,000 remaining to complete the such proposal. An opportunity will be of all war appropriations which had not current contribution of the United .States given, however, to Governor Lehman and been committed. It was a long and toward UNRRA's operating expenses should his staff directing UNRRA to demon­ tedious task and had to be completed be made available immediately. strate that these million of dollars given without unnecessary delay. We had to This is a national obligation. It is un­ retrieve the money while the money was thinkable that the United States should now by our people have been wisely and justly default on the commitments it has made to ~ispersed and where the necessities still there to be retrieved. The result UNRRA and which UNRRA in turn has made, demanded. was that when· this estimate was re­ in reliance upon us, to the peopie of the When we recall that there are now ceived, perhaps 2 weeks after the House liberated countries of Europe. 8,000 employees administering UNNRA, convened, we were in the midst of hear­ that there are 1,300 plus operating in the ings on the rescission bill and could not I regret that the gentlewoman is out city of Washington alone, with 900 ulus delay or discontinue them and could not of step with this very authoritative com­ in London and hundreds more scattered take up this bill until the rescission bill mittee appointed to make a specific study throughout Europe, we cannot escape had been completed. But the UNRRA of this question. the conclusion that there should be more estimate had first priority on our agenda, Miss SUMNER of Illinois. I am usu­ inquiry and more rigid limitations and and we have taken it up as the first rna- ally out of step when the Republican 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10219 Party acts as a stalking horse for the people in the world than those who have agency operated by American officers or New Deal. taken their place in UNRRA for Britain. civilians without exception. And I am Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. He could not have said that if they had convinced that there is no other organi­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield': attempted to monopolize or otherwise zation or agency recruited under such Mr. CANNON of Missvuri. I yield to usurp control of UNRRA's work. I hope circumstances which could have taken the gentleman from Massachusetts. every Member of the House will read Mr. this stupendous task and handled it .100 Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I ap­ ROBERTSON's speech. It is one of the percent perfect. preciate the statement read from the Re­ finest tributes to UNRRA and its efficient The important thing now is not publican Food Committee's report. I administration I have read, and it is by a whether or not it has made mistakes. can realize the force of the fact that man who has just returned froin abroad Any similar organization would have we have some commitment to continue and knows whereof he speaks from first­ made mistakes--and did make mistakes. UNRRA, but I think also we have an hand observation. The question is whether those mistak.es obligation to clear up, if we can, some Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I am have been corrected. Again, I want to of the inefficiency and mismanagement not quarreling with what the gentleman quote the testimony of a distinguished in the organization. I think the gentle­ said. I would like for the sake of the gentleman from the other side of the man would agree with me as to that. RECORD and to establish the facts, to read aisle. Permit me to read from the speech I would like to ask the gentleman sev­ the names of the top 12 representatives of the gentleman from Massachusetts eral questions, if I may, along that line. who really manage the affairs of UNRRA. [Mr. HERTER], who likewise has recently First, I should like to know if it is not a I would like to do so for the information returned from Europe where he made a a fact that the administration of UNRRA of the Members. Will the gentleman particular study of UNRRA. The gentle­ comes chiefly from the London office. from Missouri yiel

~his time. Does the gentleman agree Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to ished. And in the barren wake of their with that statement? the gentleman from Wisconsin. ruthless columns we find today a desti­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The gen­ Mr. WASIELEWSKI. I followed the tution beyond anything experienced in tleman and I are in complete agreentent discussion of the gentleman very care­ modern times. on the subject and I am glad to say that fully, and I just want to bring this mat­ In Italy, for example, infants are these stories that have been so indus­ ter to his attention. There has been. wrapped in rags or old newspapers. Only triously circulated to the effect that to­ considerable information to the effect 47 out of every 100 born reach their first bacco and liquor and other commodities that in certain areas labels are taken off birthday. The entire population is on a of that character have been bought with the packages that are sent through by subnormal diet. Unless we come to their UNRRA funds are ·without foundation UNRRA, particularly in the Russian aid at this hour, and the hour is grow- except insofar as UNRRA itself has re­ dominated part of Europe, the eastern . ing late, millions must die this winter for quested them. For example, there were as well as in the southern part of Eu­ lack of food and clothing. disseminated all over the country stories rope, and that these parcels are then Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Mr. to the effect that elaborate dinners were passed around to give the appearance Chairman, wilL the gentleman yield? given at which wine and other liquors that the Soviet Government is the bene­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to flowed freely and . that all of this was factor for these unfortunate peoples. the gentleman from Texas, a member paid for out of UNRRA funds, Governor Does the gentleman not think it would of the Committee· on Foreign Affairs, Lehman testified before our committee be wise to have incorporated in this leg­ who is particularly familiar with the sit­ that there was no foundation for such islation. a provision that none of this uation. statements. He said it was true that he money should be used for political pur­ Mr. LUTHER A. JOHNSON. Con­ gave dinners to foreign diplomats and to poses? firming what the gentleman has just said foreign representatives of UNRRA be­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I can as­ about the shortage of food in Italy and cause they are a necessary adjunct to sure the gentleman that we- have in­ France, the wife of the American consul international negotiations. He said that quired very carefully into the use of at Nice, which is in southern France, he did give these dinners at which liquor UNRRA funds, a:nd none of them are told me at a luncheon when I was there was available to all who wished it, but used for political purposes. The Com­ that she had recently gone into Italy, that every cent required for the payment mittee on Foreign Affairs will, within which is near that part of France, and of such dinners and all liquors served the next few days, commence open hear­ bought some eggs at what she thought came out of his own individual pocket. ings on the subject and if there is any was· a bargain price, and she had to pay Too much cannot be said in com­ indication of conditions to which the $6 a dozen for them. I said, "Why don't mendation ot this great man who has gentleman refers they will be investi­ you buy a hen and raise some eggs?•' made lanie personal sacrifices in order gated further if he will call the matter She said they had seen only one hen to accept the position as head of this to the attention of any member of the lately, and the price was $40. I think complicated and exacting international Committee on Foreign Affairs. that shows that the poor people have a organizatiorr. He is serving_ without Mr. THOM. Mr. Chairman, will the pretty hard chance of getting any food. salary; a man who served for years as gentleman yield? Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. Governor of New York; one of the most Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to Chairman, will the gentleman yield distinguished, one of the ablest, and one the gentleman from Ohio. further? · of the most experienced and efficient Mr. THOM. I have read most of the Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I yield to men in ·America. He is entitled to $15,- record of the hearings, and I want to the gentleman from Massachusetts. 000 a year as salary as Director General make the observation that Governor Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I am of UNRRA. He 'has not accepted one Lehman showed an. astounding knowl­ very appreciative of the time the gentle­ penny of it. He has contributed his edge of the workings of this institution. man has already given me. I would not time and his service and his money to It was a surprise to me that he had at intrude at this momen·t except to clear this great philanthropic agency. his finger tips the wide knowledge that up a point about which there was some Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I did not he has of the workings of this institution. discussion previously, not with the gen­ say · anything about anybody's dinner, I Mr. CANNON of Missouri. And a deep tleman from Missouri but with the gen­ will say to the distinguished chairman and humanitarian interest in its suc­ tleman from Kentucky, who, I am sorry of the Committee on Appropriations. I cess. to say, has temporarily left the floor. am trying to be constructive. The UNRRA Council, which is made Information given me shows that from Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The up of one member of each contributing July 6, 1945, to about August 10, 1945, the gentleman is always constructive and nation, soon after its organization the criminal investigatiozt department of the always helpful. Council recommended that each mem­ United States Army had four investi­ Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. So that ber nation whose area had not been oc­ gators at the UNRRA mobilization and the gentleman from Missouri will un­ cupied by the enemy should contribute training c~nter at Granville, France. It derstand, I do not pick my facts out of to its operating expenses in an amount was revealed, I am informed, there were the air. I say that in support of this equal to 1 percent of its national income huge black-market operations on the legislation for the welfare of UNRRA as for 1943. - This was agreed to and the part of the base staff personnel. lt is well as for. the welfare of the starving recommendation was accepted and ap­ reported, at that time, at least 127 trucks people of this world, that we should not proved by the United States Congress. were missing, and probably more, to­ be led off on any tangents and become Under that agreement the United States gether with huge supplies of food and the dumping ground for the War Depart­ Congress by Public Law 267, Seventy­ clothing. This report, I understand, has ment, for example, because they have too eighth Congress, further authorized to been made to Washington. As far as I many cigarettes, or any otlier depart­ be appropriated the amount computed can find out, this report is not available ment of Government, and that we should as due from the United States at $1,350,- either to the committee or to anycne keep our eye on the ball and feed the 000,000. Of that $1,350,000,000, the else. Those are facts that have come hungry people of the world. sum of $800,000,000 has been appropri­ to me. Mr. CANNON of Missouri. The par­ ated. The remaining $550,000,000 of the Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I do not ticipating nations may supply their quota authorization has not yet been provided. know how responsible the report of the in commodities as long as those com­ The pending joint resolution appropri­ gentleman is, but if every word of it is modities call within the categories of ates the remaining amount authorized true it is nothing new. We concede and needed goods established by UNRRA. by act of Congress. we have known that black markets were But UNRRA accepts nothing that is·not - The Axis forces extended their des­ to be found not only in UNRRA but in up to standard and does not conform to potic domination over 35 countries, the American Army and in every other the requirements. Contributing coun­ - largely in central Europe, and over half organization of this kind abroad. When tries must either furnish goods needed a billion people. Wherever the devas­ a nation is starving, the suppression 'of for the rehabilitation of the distressed tating footsteps of their armies moved, the black market is practically impos­ countries or they must pay the cash. . civilization and all the institutions that sible. But Governor Lehman testified Mr. WASIELEWSKI. }'4r. Chairman, men hold dear withered and died. The personally that both UNRRA and the will the gentleman yield? elemental requirements of life itself van- United States Army were investigating XCI-644 10222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OcTOBER 31 the situation at Granville and had taken of the investigation in order to determine essentials, such as Greece, Italy, Poland, and disciplinary action. In other words the whether other action shall be taken. Czechoslovakia. The administration of UNRRA is paid for by 47 United Nations and situation has been effectively remedied. This is the very investigation to which the 31 nations not invaded in the war each However, where people are without suf­ the gentleman from Massachusetts re­ contributes 1 percent of their 1943 national ficient food black markets constantly de- fers: income to provide funds for relief supplies. velop. . From the reports which have been made Congress has already authorized this con­ Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. It to us to date, it can be stated that whereas tribution from the United States, which ought not to be. People ought to have there was unquestionably some pilferage of amounts to $1,350,000,000, but $550,000,000 ordinary honesty and decency in the supplies, the figures quoted by Mr. Pearson of this authorized amount has not yet are much exaggerated. been appropriated. A second contribution to work of helping distressed huban beings. UNRRA equal to the first will be necessary Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Even in Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the to meet the needs of starving peoples next this country, where we have such plenty gentleman yield? spring, the period of lowest ebb for these as we have never known before, there Mr. CANNON of Missouri. · I yield to countries. were black markets all over the United the gentleman from Minnesota. Food, clothing, seeds, and farm implements States. supplied by UNRRA are not a Santa Claus Mr: O'HARA. The gentleman con­ gift. They are the minimum with which Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. But fesses that there have been some rather war-devastated peoples can rehabilitate the gentleman does not condone it, does extensive black-market operations in the themselves sufficiently to sustain life. he? functioning of UNRRA. Do I understand If we do not help these people now, we Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Certainly from what the gentleman has just read have indeed lost the peace. not. And I do not condone tuberculosis. that there has been only one dismissal Very truly yours, But both black markets and tuberculosis as a result of the rather extensive black­ WILLIAM GREEN, 1 develop when there is mass starvation. market operations? President, American Federation of Labor. The very existence of many of the pa­ , Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Every offi­ Mr. CANNON of Missouri. I also in­ trons of these black markets depends on cial who was found to be in any way con­ clude the following letter from the their being able to buy surreptitiously. nected with any improper diversion of Secretary of State: UNRRA has done a commendable work supplies has been summarily dismissed. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, in eliminating the black market and sub­ Some of them have come back and told October 31, 1945. stituting rationed food sufficient to ·sus­ stories about why they were dismissed, DEAR MR. CANNON : In my letter to you Of tain life. October 22, 1945, I expressed the view that it which did not jibe with the facts. Nat­ would be unfortunate to include new and Mr. DIRKSEN. May I say to my dis­ urally, they did not want to come home restrictive conditions in the pending UNRRA tinguished chairman that the black­ and tell the truth. appropriation legislation. In this connec­ market goods were pilfered from Mr. O'HARA. Have there not been tion I ·would like to refer to one of the con­ UNRRA's trucks, for instance. any criminal prosecutions with reference ditions ·which has been proposed in various Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Yes; that to that type of operation? forms relating to the freedom of properly was true of the markets which bootlegged accredited representatives of the press of Mr. CANNON of Missouri. UNRRA the United Nations to enter areas receiving UNRRA supplies and was true on even took all of the recourse it had at its com­ UNRRA assistance. I have already indicated a larger scale with 'supplies pilfered from mand. They dismissed them and sent to you that I did not believe this proposal, United States Army trucks. If the them home. in any of its forms, should be accepted. United States Army, with its magnificent Mr. Chairman, may I say this is not a I want, particularly, to explain my views organization, was unable to. cope with partisan measure. It is a humanitarian on this matter. The reason for my. belief, this constant pressure of hunger from measure. It is an American measure. as I am sure you know, has nothing to do · t.Il sides and protect its trucks, how could with the intrinsic merit of the suggestion; It is a patriotic measure. There is noth­ I am thoroughly in favor of that. UNRRA with infinitely less authority and ing to be gained politically in any event I do not believe, however, that the bill ap­ personnel expect to register a lOO-per­ on this side of the aisle in the passage of propriating the remaining funds already cent record in protecting its trucks? this resolution, and I cannot see that authorized for our participation in UNRRA is Anybody that expects UNRRA to out­ there is anything to be gained politically the appropriate device through which to organize and outpolice the United States on the other side of the aisle in not pass­ seek the result we all desire. Army is expecting the impossible. They ing the resolution. It is purely a matter It would be fortunate indeed if we could made a magnificent record under the provide succor under ideal conditions of all of discharging our international and kinds, but ~unger and cold and tragedy will circumstances. humanitarian obligations. UNRRA is not wait upon perfection. We cannot put Mr. DIRKSEN. If the gentleman from not an American agency. It is an inter­ ourselves in the position of denying promised Missouri will permit me to continue, the national institution. We are merely one relief to millions of human beings because point I want to make is that the· goods of the contracting members. But it has we have failed to secure our other objectives were pilfered and found their way into the universal support and approval of in advance. the black market. You could see them every great interest in America. I could It is my firm hope that all people may soon in almost every market place, for in­ enjoy complete access to the news ·as well as read to you a number of letters testifying freedom of speech and of belief and of as­ stance, at Athens and elsewhere. They to that interest, but in the brief time re­ sembly, but I fear that the attachment of were sold at such high prices under the maining I shall read only two. Here is a conditions in an appropriation bill may hurt pegged exchange that the distressed peo­ letter I received from the American Fed­ rather than help us in our efforts to achieve ple got no benefit out of them whatso­ eration of Labor: these ends. To carry on our foreign relations we have ever. You would have to be a million­ AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR, regular mechanisms of international inter­ aire under the conditions of their ex­ October 18, 1945. change ·to buy a Westmont ham or fancy course. We-are using these with vigor to im­ Hon. CLARENCE CANNON, plement our foreign policy. We have already Alaska red salmon and things of that Chairman, Committee on Appropriations. met with a considerable degree of success in sort. They were so very freely on dis­ DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: The American Fed­ providing our correspondents access to the play there. eration of Labor urges Congress to appro­ news, and I am convinced that the course we Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Yes; that priate the funds needed by the United Na­ are following is the correct one. We must was true of the supplies supplied by the tions Relief and Rehabilitation Administra­ seek our ends by negotiation and agreement, American Army. The very same situa­ tion for the following reasons: not by ultimatum. Europe and Asia must have help this win­ Sincerely yours, ti.on obtained. Here is what Governor ter to provide the minimum of food and JAMES F. BYRNES. Lehman says of it· clothing needed to prevent widespread star­ Both UNRRA and the United States Army vation, disease, epidemics, and political re­ The letter of October 22, 1945, to which have been much concerned over charges re­ volts. Starving people go to extremes to get Secretary Byrnes refers is printed in the garding diversion of UNRRA and Army sup­ food, and unless we help to provide minimum· hearings. This letter is supplementary plies at the staging center at Granville, and needs,· we risk revolution leading to fascism and is included in response to the fre­ both organizations have cooperated through or communism. If we allow this to happen, extensive investigations which are not yet we have indeed lost the goals our boys fought quent suggestion here this afternoon that complete. To date, disciplinary action has and died for. we should 'adopt a provision forcing our been taken by the summary dismissal of one UNRRA provides help only to tho!!e devas­ newspapermen and the newspapermen supervisory official, and another official has tated countries which borrow money to fi­ of other nations upon any countrY which resigned. We are awaiting complete reports nance their own purchases of food and, other accepts food from UNRRA. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10223 As will be noted the State Department It was absolutely impossible to get Mr. TABER. There is not. They deprecates such a suggestion. It would much of a picture of the operations of should be off the boards. The idea of be in effect an encroachment upon the this organization. I asked for a state­ having to advertise relief is ridiculous. sovereignty of any nation upon which we ment of what was actually obligated out Mr. Chairman, there are one or two attempted to impose it. It would be in- of the appropriations. I was unable to other thin~s to which I want to call at­ ' · terpreted in no other light than an at­ get it. Their auditor in his report in tention. You know, it is terrible for any­ tempt to dictate to other nations their· July stated: body in the Congress to think of such a administration of their domestic affairs. As .a consequence . of the inadequacy of thing as adding, subtracting, multiply­ It would result in unfriendly interests the Administration's accounting and audit­ ing, and dividing with reference to the and gcwernments injeGting their repre­ ing organization it was necessary to increase figures that are submitted to the Con­ sentatives into the internal administra­ materially the anticipated volume of detail gress by governmental or international tion of countries whose starving subjects to be covered by our examination. Due to organizations. But I have been indulg­ the circumstances above set forth we have are crying to us for bread this fateful not been able completely to satisfy ourselves ing in that terrible kind of thing and, winter. that all transactions and liabilities resulting in my opinion, it is only fair to the Con­ This is not a coercive organization. therefrom haw~ been recorded on the books gress to give to it niy conclusions. These It is a free organization. It is an anti­ of the Administration. Our examination are based either upon items that appear war organization. Hunger breeds wars. does not 1:-,d us to believe that there has in the hearings or upon documents that This is a proposition to eliminate a cause been any wrongful diversion of the funds. have been submitted to me by UNRRA for war. Let us not impede its progress That is the kind of picture we were itself. by an attempt to interpose captious and presented with. They have upon their There was made available for relief inappropriate restriction. rolls 92 publicity agents, publicity artists, operations by our country and by other Mr. Chairman, I reserve the balance of to publicize UNRRA all over the world. countries previous to this item the sum my time and yield at this time to the Thirty-six of them are in the headquar­ of $1,284,000,000. The total shipments gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER]. ters in Washington. A perfect, complete through t:lle month of September run to The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman waste of money. Does anybody need to $530,500,000, leaving $753,500,000 yet to from Missouri has consumed 50 minutes. advertise that they have rel ~ ef available be shipped. Those first figures include Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield for anybody else? Does anyone neec to the shipping cost of maybe $100,000,000, myself 15 minutes. advertise in a country for folks to come as well as the cost of the materials that Mr. Chairman, we have before us to­ and get bread? You all know that is not have been sent over there. The highest day the proposition to vote for an ap­ correct. I do not know whether that rate of shipment in any month was $90,- propriation of $550,000,000 for the con­ publicity set-up was the one responsible 000,000 in the month of September. tinuation of UNRRA. It is brought be­ for the propaganda that went out from If they went on at the same rate, the fore us with perhaps the most distressing Washington denouncing the Congress for $700,000,000 would carry them to the 1st situation that l have ever seen pre­ not acting more promptly upon UNRRA of May. If they went on at a higher rate, sented. appropriations, but this is the picture. the $700,000,000 plus the $550,000,000 We had Mr. Lehman, Director General With reference to congressional appro­ would carry them a long way toward the of the organization before us. He was priations, a Budget estimate was not 1st of July. In other words, the funds not familiar with the authorizing act submitted to us until the 4th of October. that you are supplying here, if you use passed by Congress and its limitations. Hearings commenced on the 11th and the tables that they have submitted We had before us Mr. Clayton, an As­ lasted to the 15th. The report was made themselves, and expect a measure of effi­ sistant Secretary of State, and he had on the 30th, and the bill called up for cient performance in their operations not read the authorizing act passed by consideration on the 31st. I do not along the line of what they have done in the Congress. know what anybody could expect more the past in proportion to their future We have presented to us today the than that. Every time anyone says estimates, it should carry them to the statement that this is a treaty obliga­ anything, tells the truth about this pic­ 1st o'f July at least. tion. Let me say to you that it is not ture and the situation it presents, he· is There have been several other unsatis­ a treaty obligation. Let me say to you accused of playing politics. factory results in their operations. In that when the enabling act .was passed I am advised by people whom I know Yugoslavia, for instance, during the pe­ by the Congress it contained certain re­ to be responsible that of the 1,100 em­ riod that they have been in there, they strictions and limitations, and those I ployees in the Washington office not to have built up the Army since VE-day propose to read. You will find them on exceed 500 are necessary. I am advised from 300,000 to 600,000. The way they page 240 of the hearings : that the 939 employees in London repre­ have operated in Yugoslavia is something ' , SEc. 6. In adopting this joint resolution sent a very considerable overstaffing. I like this: There have been 26 agents of the Congress does so with the following res­ am advised. that they have set-ups in ervations: UNRRA in Yugoslavia, and they speak That in the case of the United States the Holland, Belgium, and have had in 20 different languages, so that they appropriate constitutional body to determine France, with nothing to do. I am ad­ have to have an interpreter to commu­ the amount and character and time of the vised that their set-ups in connection nicate with each other. That is just a contributions of the United States is the with the camps they operate, although sample of the efficiency of that manage­ Congtess of the United States. the Army provides the food and relief ment. SEc. 7. In adopting this joint resolution, articles, is grossly exaggerated and over­ the Congress does so with the following reser­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. done. I believe a very substantial part Chairman, if the gentleman will yield vations: of. their publicity set-up is devoted to That it is understood that the provisions in further, the gentleman referred to funds paragraph 11 of Resolution 12 adopted at the propaganda in this country to obtain funds and to obtain legislation, a more and said that under the past scale of first session of the Council, referred to in shipments there would be funds enough section 3 of this joint resolution and reading, reprehensible operation. The articles "The task of rehabilitation must not be con­ they get out and the reports they have here to carry them to the 1st of July. sidered as the beginning of reconstruction­ been submitting to the Congress are so What did the gentleman mean? it is coterminous with relief," contemplates vague and indefinite that it is absolutely Mr. TABER. With the funds presently that rehabilitation means and is confined impossible to understand anything about available they could carry on to the 1st only to such activities as are necessary to their operations from their reports. of May with some increase in shipments, relief. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. but with the $550,000,000 that is here Then section 8 reads: Chairman, .will the gentleman yield? . carried, there is no question in my mind In adopting this joint resolution the Con­ Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentle­ but what they could carry on to the 1st gress does so with the following reservation: man from South Dakota. of July 1946. That the United Nations Relief and Re­ Mr. CASE of South Dakota. In the Mr. CASE of South Dakota. That is habilitation Administration shall not be au­ bill as reported is there any limitation what I wanted to be clear about. thorized to enter into contracts or under­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the take or incur obligations beyond the limits or any statement in the report or any of appropriations made under this authoriza­ reduction in funds to eliminate these gentleman from New York has expired. tion and by other countries and receipts from two hundred-odd publicity experts now Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield other sources. on the UNRRA staff? myself five additional minutes. 10224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 Mr. DONDERO. Mr. Cha!rman, will Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentle­ tered-and we must admit in some few the gentleman yield? woman from Illinois. cases it might have been-we want to see Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman Miss SUMNER of Illinois. I think one it clarified and improved. I am sure we from Michigan. reason that this thing is such a !lop is will all agree to that. Mr. DONDERO. As one Member who because they are going at it the wrong I will go briefly through some of the was in Europe this past summer to take way. After the last war they had a good . criticisms which have been made, be- ' a look at UNRRA, I call the gentleman's plan. Did the gentleman's committee go cause they are made only for the pur­ attention to one thing. The objective we into any of the details of the plan used pose of improving this program. For in­ all subscribe to, but it is the method of after the last war? stance, it has been charged that the ad­ administration to which v.:e object. May Mr. TABER. It was presented to us ministrative expenditures of UNRRA are I ask the gentleman this question, if it is in a way, that is, certain of our Mem­ excessive and unnecessary. Do you not true that when UNRRA supplies bers had the information in front of realize that the cost of administering material across the boundary of a coun­ us. But the trouble here has been the UNRRA is just a little bit more than 1 try, it becomes the property of that gov­ plan; it has been the administration of percent of the total expenditures? No ernment, and usually the regime in power it and the desire to load the thing· up other organization in the history of the in that country either sells the supplies with a great lot of people who did not world can look to that sort of a record to the people or it goes through the natu­ measure up to the job. so far as administrative expense is con­ ral channels of trade, and thereby builds Miss SUMNER of Illinois. That ls cerned. . Out of $800,000,000 spent so far its government up in the particular coun­ what I meant. That js one of the ways they have spent for administrative pur­ t-ry in which the supplies go for relief. in which the plan is wrong. poses about $10,300,000. ·Just slightly Why should they not go direct to the Mr. CANNON of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ more than 1 percent of the total money people? man, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman has gone for administrative purposes. Mr. TABER. I did not know that is from Minnesota [Mr. HAGENJ. Any fund we have in America today can­ so, but it should be stopped and stopped Mr. HAGEN. Mr. Chairman, 1 asked not say it has spent relatively as little as at once. for this time first from our side, but so that for administrative purposes. I do not want anyone to think that many Republicans wanted to speak on Criticism has been made that we have I am the least unmindful of the obliga­ this ·measure that it was advisable to too few Americans in the set-up in Lon­ tion 'or this country to help in taking get time from the other side. don, or that perhaps London should not care of and relieving distress. I feel At no expense to Congress nor the be the base of operations that it is. On just as strongly about it as anyone, but American taxpayers, I spent about 6 · the other hand, many people say that we I do not feel that that kind of manage­ weeks in Greece, Yugoslavia, and other should have more of the offices in London, ment that this outfit has had is the kind countries of Europe, and recently re­ closer to the scene of operations. Never­ of thing that I can endorse. I cannot, turned. I believe the gentleman from theless, we do have the top administra­ and I would feel as if I were derelict in North Dakota [Mr. RoBERTSON], the tors here in Washington, and the world my duty as a Member of this House if gentleman from California [Mr. KING), office is here in \Vashington. But I am I did not call attention to that situation. and I probably have spent more time willing to support any movement toward I appreciate that in Italy, Poland, looking into UNRRA and the relief, food, getting more American administrators Czechoslovakia, and Austria, perhaps, as and health conditions of Europe than into this organization. We contribute well as Jugoslavia, there is a lot of dis­ any other Members of this Congress, so the largest share of this fund, and we tress. On the other hand, the funds I feel we can speak with perhaps some · should have a greater percentage of that are made a vail able here should not little authority; at least, we should know Americans in the administrative body of be used to build up military establish­ something about it. That is why I want UNRRA. A year ago, when UJ:'ffi,RA was ments. The funds that are made avail­ to talk to you for just a few minutes organized, it was very difficult to get top­ able here should not go for things that about this problem today. notch officials and administrators. find their way into the black m·arket. . You will notice that those on our side In some few cases we did not get the The funds that are made available here best men available and who would be should be honestly and efficiently admin­ are strongly for the appropriation for UNRRA. I want to read briefly a part available now. UNRRA has been dis­ istered and we should not have an over­ missing any incompetent personnel. plus of administrative personnel han­ of the statement that was given to our leader, the gentleman from Massachu­ They have taken on some new people dling this thing and butting in as leeches recently who are exceedingly well quali­ upon the body politic. I think that this setts [Mr. MARTIN], because I agree with it fully: fied. For instance they have just ob­ kind of business ought to be corrected, tained the services of General Morgan, and hope that some measure will be UNRRA should be permitted to finish the job in Europe. of England, who was the right-hand man found to see that it is corrected. of General Eisenhower. He will be in Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the In other words, we on our side, at charge of the displaced-persons program gentleman yield? least I hope most of us, are committed in Europe. He is one of the outstanding Mr. TABER. I yield to the gentleman to do the job in Europe and see it men of this war. There are now a lot from Minnesota. through. of good men available. in this country. Mr. O'HARA. May I ask the gentle­ We believe, therefore, that UNRRA should I believe UNRRA should look to the man if there was not appropriated to the be continued to do the relief job in Europe possibility of getting some of those men Army approximately $1,000,000,000 this winter-and that it should receive the into its organization. I shall speak fur­ which was used in the same program by wholehearted support of this Governrr:ent ther under the 5-minute rule. the Army in connection with aid to these and the people of the United States in im­ The CHAffiMAN. The time of the people? proving its administrative and operating effectiveness and accomplishing its humane gentleman from Minnesota has expired. Mr. TABER. Not to the same people. purposes. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield UNRRA operation is rather confined to The $550,000,000 remaining to complete the 20 minutes to the gentleman from Massa­ Poland, Czechoslovakia, White Russia, current contribution of the United States chusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH]. Ukrainia, Italy, Jugoslavia, and Greece. toward UNRRA's operating e~enses should Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair­ Those are the major nations. There are be made available immed1ately. man, I intend to support this appropri­ a lot of smaller ones. The United States should oontribute its ation. I intend not only to support the Mr. O'HARA. Did not the Army con­ proportionate share of any additional amount · found reasonably necessary to fulfill amply appropriatio;n, but all reasonable provi­ tribute in these countries where our UNRRA's obligations in Europe this winter. sions which may be brought forward forces were· also? · with a view to assuring that funds ap­ Mr. TABER. They did in Italy, but I So there you have the position of, I propriated for relief purposes by the do not think in the other countries .that believe, the majority on the Republican people of this and other countries shall I have mentioned. In France the Army side. be in fact L.Sed for that purpose ahd for did. In Belgium and Holland they did. You notice, too, that the Republicans that purpose only. In Luxemburg they did, and they are have been doing most of the asking of I support this appropriation because doing so in Germany at the moment. questions here today. I think it has been I think we are confronted at this time Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chair­ a good thing. They want to clarify this by a condition and not a theory. I think man, will the gentleman yield? situation and, if it is badly adminis- we are confronted by de.va.station and by 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10225

.the effects of drought in certain coun~ very rapidly. It hopes for shipments of either unable or unwilling to discuss the . tries said to have been more severe than $140,000,000 in October, . $250,000,000 in most fundamental questions . any drought within the past half cen~ November, $350,00.0,000 in December. Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. tury. v.re are confronted by the arrival . The accuracy of these estimates remains Chairman, will the gentleman yield? of winter. We are confronted by the to be seen. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield. testimony of those who should know, to Generally spea.king, the relief work of Mr. VOORHIS of California. Who was the effect that millions of people on UNRRA, since its inception on November the witness to whom the gentleman re­ the other side of the water are probably 9, 1943, has been directed to seven coun~ fers? going to suffer terribly in the course Qf_ .tries: Albania, China, Czechoslovakia, Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I refer to the the winter. Greece, It.aly, Poland, Yugoslavia. present American member of UNRRA, I nupport the appropriation because There is in contemplation fl..lrther re~ to whom the gentleman ·from New York it is impossible to substitute any other lief for China and Italy-expanded pro~ [Mr. TABER] has also referred. agency which can contribute to the sit~ grams-Austria, Formosa, Korea, and the Miss SUMNER of Illinois. Mr. Chair~ uation this winter. It is too late to Ukraine and White Russia. man, will the gentleman yield? make a change. I support the appro~ There are small programs also for Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield. priation because I believe that if we UNRRA camps and for the Dodecanese Miss SUMNER of Illinois. I suggest shut off contemplated relief at this crit~ and Philippine Islands. the reason he could not answer the most ical time we are very likely to contribute The value of relief supplies actually fundamental questions is that most of to a situation which we shall regret from shipped through September 30, 1945, and this relief is being given in communistic a humanitarian standpoint, and which the estimated allocation of the $1,284,~ countries where UNRRA does not know also from a purely selfish standpoint may . 000,000 which have been mad,e available whether the people are getting the relief prove to be against the best interests of are as follows: or not. this country. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Well, the I appreciate fully the tremendous sums Country Shipments Allocations facts are as I have stated them, what­ which America has contributed in this ever the explanation. and other connections. These sums I think that the hearings and reports Albania______$8, 974,000 $18, 500, 000 include something under a billion dol~ China..... ------·---·-·----- 622, 000 59,100,000 that have come to the committee in lars for relief through our Army; $1,350,~ Czechoslovakia______73, 855,000 172, 200, 000 charge of this bill emphasize the very Greece .. ------~------189,756,000 305, 800, 000 000,000 through UNRA, if this appropri~ 43,700,000 great difficulty of administering relief ation is approved; some $3,500,000,000 258, 800, 000 through an international organization Ukraine~~l[il re than come to the attention of this committee among other things: justified in adopting any reasonable pro­ raises a question as to the whole funda­ I regret to state that UNRRA failed to vision designed to assure the proper ex­ mental premise on which UNRRA was alleviate the terrible sufferings of the Polish penditure of funds made available for set up. Nation. * * * The supplies UNRRA sends relief purposes. Here we have a relief problem con­ to Poland for the most part are stolen and You will find included in the bill in trolled by the votes of 47 nations, both find their way to the black market where its present form three provisions of this givers and receivers alike. It is my. they are sold at prices absolutely inacces­ sible to the population. A small part of kind; one, placing a time limit when understanding that decisions of the UNRRA supplies is being distributed to the UNRRA shall be cut off; one referring UNRRA Council are subject to veto, population, but this distribution is used very to the fur!lishing of trade agreements, either by military commands or by indi­ obviously for political purposes. * * * and export and import statistics periodi­ vidual members of a central council of American representatives have little or noth­ cally to UNRRA; and one, assuring to six. ing to say about what goes on, althou~h UNRRA personnel the opportunity of The United States is putting up 72 nearly all of UNRRA's funds, 72 percent of complete observation of operations in percent of the money but has only a them, have been contributed by the United their respective countries. single vote in determining its use. De­ States. * • • The most amazing fact remains, however, that UNRRA's activities in You will find one other provision in­ spite the fact that this country has been Poland became a political weapon and that cluded in the committee report, refer­ and continues to be the principal giver the population. is not being helped by this ring to the retention of title in heavy to UNRRA, it appears that it has very international organization. equipment. Personally, I think this pro­ little to say as to proper assurance that vision should be in the bill rather than the funds are properly spent, that they These, Mr. Chairman, are typical of the charges which have come to members in the report and it may be that other are not diverted for political or military provisions should be included. · purposes, that competent and loyal per­ of the committee in charge of this bill I call particular attention in this con~ sonnel are employed, that administrative from many sources. While the Director General for the most part takes the posi­ nection to the final page of the c.om­ expenses are held to a minimum or that mittee report where you will find a letter activities of the agency are properly tion that he has no information to con­ firm the charges, it is extremely difficult signed by Secretary Byrnes in which he audited. details six provisions which he char­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the for me to escape the conviction that where there is so much smoke there must acterizes as "provisions which could be gentleman yield? included without imposing burdens or Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield. be some fire. Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the responsibilities inappropriate to an in­ Mr. O'HARA. Does the gentleman ternational organization." Under leave approve of the fact that the ranking ad- · gentleman yield? Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield. to extend my remarks, I include the pro­ ministrative officer immediately under visions at this point in the RECORD: ex-Governor Lehman is a British citizen Mr. RIZLEY. The gentleman from and that many other highly paid admin­ Massachusetts has enumerated many DRAFT istrative officers are citizens of various things that have been publicly charged. At the proper place in the provisions mak­ other countries, and yet we are advanc­ I have heard it publicly charged that ing appropriations for UNRRA insert: these commodities were taken and resold "No pa_rt of the appropriation herein for ing most of the money? carrying out the provisions of the joint reso­ Mr. WIGGU!:SWORTH. Ex-Governor instead of being distributed. Is that lution of March 24, 1944, entitled 'Joint reso­ Lehman, who happens to be the Director­ true? lution to enable the United States to par­ General of the organization, is an Ameri­ Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I understand ticipate in the work of the United Nations can citizen. UNRRA, of course, is an in­ that commodities are sold wherever there Relief and Rehabilitation Organization,' shall ternational organization and not an is anybody to purchase them. be available for that purpos-, for the relief American one. Mr. Chairman, I could talk at great and rehabilitation of a country subsequent length but my time is growing short. to December 31, 1945, unless and until the Mr. Chairman, it has been publicly President has received from the Director Gen~ charged that distribution in both Poland The administrative set-up here in eral of the United Nations Relief and Re­ and Czechoslovakia has been used for Washington has been referred to. It habilitation Administration a certification to political purposes. consists of 1,136 people. One of these is the effect that the furnishing by such Admin­ It has been publicly charged that on the rolls at $14,500; four are on the istration of relief and rehabilitation supplies UNRRA intruded itself into the political rolls at $12,500 or better; five at $10,500 and services to the government of such coun~ or better; 15 at $9,425 or better; 36 at try for the nationals of such country will be arena in behalf of the Lublin-Polish pro­ made only under agreements between the visional government. $8,400 or better; 43 at $7,375 or better; United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation It has been publicly charged that while 96 at $6,350 or better; 70 at $5,325 or Administration and such country or other supplies were cleared for Poland, per­ better; 43 at $4,750 or better, and so on. suitable arrangements providing- mission to send representatives into The gentleman from New York [Mr. "(!) That all trade agreements and all Poland to observe the distribution of TABER] has referred to the publicity staff barter agreements of such country with other these supplies was withheld. of 92 people, 19 of them in the District nations, together with satisfactory informa­ It has been publicly charged that pass­ of Columbia, 36 drawing salaries of $3,500 tion on all exports from, and imports into, ports for UNRRA representatives to a year or better. such country, whether for governmental or private account, will be made available to Poland and Czechoslovakia were held up I cannot escape the conviction per­ UNRRA. for a period of over 6 months. sonally, that personnel is not only over­ "(2) That markings on supplies furnished It has been asserted that food designed paid but that in many instances it has by the Administration which indicate the for relief in Yugoslavia has been used been both incompetent and of a type national source of such supplies will not be for military and political purposes, and to be harmful rather than helpful. changed. that food intended for the relief of the The matter of improper auditing has "(3) That at regular periods such country people of Greece has been stolen from also been referred to. If the Members will make available to UNRRA statements of the trucks carrying it to the extent of will turn to page 23 of the hearings they its current financial position, which state­ ments shall set forth in detail all receipts of anywhere from 20 to 35 _percent. will find an auditor's report signed by a such country from the sale and from the When the Subcommittee on Postwar reputable New York firm under date of rental of supplies furnished by the Admin­ Economic Policy returned from the other July 9, 1945, in which will be found such istration.. side very recently, it recommended, phrases as "No effective system of in­ "(4) That the Administration, if it de­ among other things, according to the ternal audit and control,'' "Inadequate termines such a course to be desirable, will 1945 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10227. be permitted, during the period of its opera- · shall cease as to all countries except resents want a peaceful future,. with . tions in .such country, to retain t,itle to all China at the end. of the calendar year prosperity and security for all peoples . motor transport equipment supplied by the 1946, and as to China .3 months later, · It is now an acknowledged fact that a Administration, and will also be permitted to 1947. famine in China has -an effect on our route such equipment and to direct the use or, say, April This additional re­ of the fuel and lubricants supplied by the quest will presumably be asked for to own economy similar to breadlines in a Administ ration. take care of the estimated period be­ major American city. We have learned "(5) That the press of such country will be tween the termination of funds now to through the bitter experience of world­ permitted to publish all statements, relating be made available and those dates. wide depression and global war that the to the operations of the Administration in Mr. CRAWFORD. That answers my seeds of those catastrophes were sown such country, made by the administrative question. in the economic collapse of Europe fol­ head of the Administration's mission in such Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the· lowing the First World War. country; This has been a war of liberation; a and, furthermore, that no part of the appro­ gentleman yield? priation shall be used to provide any relief Mr. ·WIGGLESWORTH.· I yield to war against fascism apd its evil threat and rehabilitation supplies to be shipped to the gentleman from Minnesota. to civilization. Our armies, together the receiving countries in Europe later than Mr. O'HARA. I think the gentleman with the armies of our allies, have lib­ December 1, 1946, or to the receiving countries will concede, will he not, that based on erated a grateful Europe. But it wm in the Far East later than March 1, 1947." the rate of shipments made by UNRRA prove a miserable liberation indeed if we have simply smashed-the gates of tyran­ Each of these provisions should be they can operate until May of 1946 un­ det funds alreaqy appropriated? ny and oppression to let in final destruc­ carefully considered with the possibility tion by starvation, disease, and political of including them in the bill. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mathemati­ cally the gentleman from Michigan strife __ Mr. Chairman, I hope that reasonable We in the United States, in spite of provisions will be included in the bill is absolutely correet. As of September 30, 1945, funds to the extent of $1,284·,- our tragic losses . in men and women of so that we may have the maximum as­ the arme.d forces and the merchant ma­ surance of the proper expenditure of 000,000 had been made available. Ship­ ments to the extent of $530,000,000 had rine, know we have had by far the easiest these funds. I hope that passage of the part of the war in terms of human mis­ bill will lead to improved conditions in been made. If shipments are made at the same rate as heretofore UNRRA ery. We have begun reconversion to a the administration of UNRRA. I hope, peacetime economy with no cities leveled above all, that the $550,000,000 which is could carry on through April. The answer made by UNRRA is · that by bombings, no millions of displaced carried in this bill will serve to alleviate · persons, no f-'tacks of human cordwood what might otherwise prove to be terri­ the rate of shipments must and can be very rapidly stepped up. It estimates awaiting the decency of burial. We ble suffering in the coming winter. know the fate of Europe's hungry mil- Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, 140,000,000 tons for October, 250,000,000 tons for November, and 350,000,000 tons lions if we do not act quickly. · will the gentleman yield? · I know that you have heard many Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. I yield to the for December. The value of this estimate is of course times of the desperate need for food in gentleman from Michigan. Europe. You can obtain page after page Mr. CRAWFORD. From what he gen­ open to question. Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I of statistics on the low-calorie diets of tleman states I assume he feels that from yield such time as he may desire to the . the French, the Belgians, the Dutch, the standooint of dollars this is the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. D'ALES­ from the Department of Agriculture or cheapest 'vay at this particular time to ANDROJ. the United Nations Relief and Rehabili­ handle the situation. In other words, Mr. D'ALESANDRO. Mr. Chairman, tation Administration. Let me cite just that the situation over there in Europe we. are told that the dire need of the one example of what this winter means is such that we might run into tremen­ populations of -the various countries to several Europea:..1 countries, already on dous difficulties Which would involve us which UNRRA serves · is well known. the verge of mass starvation. In the terribly with other countries unless we Human misery from starvation, disease, present period the per capita consump­ make this contribution? Is that the gen­ lack of clothing, absence of shelter, and tion of meat in the United States is 145 tleman's position in supporting this bill lack of fuel supplies, prevails generallY to 150 pounds per year. In the United after listing all of these bad things he in the former occupied countries, and Kingdom it is 94 pounds; France, 17.15 has stated? · distressing conditions will continue for pounds; Netherlands, 28 pounds; Bel­ Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Personally, I months to come. The need for early gium, 14.5 pounds; and in Czechoslo­ do not care to place myself or to urge action to provide additional funds is vakia, 19.8 pounds. If every citizen in that the Nation place itself in the posi­ acute . the United States would give up 3 ounces . tion of cutting off relief at this critical President Truman requested the of meat a week, two-thirds of Europe's . moment, just when winter is coming on. liquidation of the entire authorization need for meat could ·)e met. This sacri­ I say that principally from a humani­ of $1,350,000,000, of which $550,000,000 fice on the part of the American people tarian standpoint. I say it also from remains· unappropriated and unpro- would still give us a per capita consump­ · the standpoint of the national interest, vided. · tion of meat greater than before the war. in view of the political anarchy which Bearing in mind the precepts of our I think there is little doubt of our role might well result if relief is denied at Heavenly Father to feed the hungry and in helping to ease this crisis in the lives this time. to clothe the naked, I urge the House to of millions of people who knew the. Mr. CRAWFORD. The gentleman has adopt this resolution which would de­ cruelty and mercilessness of the Nazi mentioned one other thing in which I liver ammunition of peace and prevent doctrine. before we fully realized its in­ am interested, and that is the prospec­ chaos in these war-torn countries. tent of world conquest. The issue, then, tive or the potential request that may Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I yield is not is there need, or are we to help, follow for additional funds. I believe the such time as he may desire to the gen­ but how and when. We must not delay gentleman said he would make no com­ tleman from Washington [Mr. SAVAGE]. any longer. President Truman has mitment as to what his position would Mr. SAVAGE. Mr. Chairman, much asked the appropriation of $550,000,000 be on that. wm.ild the gentleman care has been said of Europe's urgent and to continue the job begun by UNRRA. to indicate to some of us not too familiar immediate need for food, coal, and trans­ This we must grant without question, with this how much that request may be? portation facilities. I am glad to note h.nd at the same time assure that the Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Generally the average- American's · willingness to money be used quickly for the purchase speaking, it is double the original help the peoples of Europe, although a and transportation of supplies for Eu­ amount; in other words, each member minority will undoubtedly continue to rope. If we do postpone this aid, or would be asked to contribute the same raise noisy protests, crying that America drown in the endless words of prolonged amount that it has already contributed. must be fed first. debate the hopes of millions, we wilLfail It would involve another $1,350,000,000 as We know without any doubt that in our basic responsibility to help those far as this country is concerned. Americans are going to be fed first and who have fought our common battles, to Mr. CRAWFORD. That would be for that helping Europe this year and prob­ regain their 3trengti1, health, and self­ what period? ably next is as much a matter of good reliance. Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. UNRRA business sense as it is our human duty. President Truman made a pledge for plans contemplate that its operations This Government and the people it rep_- the American people when he returned 10228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 from the Potsdam Conferences. He There will be no food reaching Europe as schools where UNRRA furnishes the said: cold winter settles in. noonday meal, and I called at distri~ut­ If we let Europe go cold and hungry we At best the winter of 1945-46 will be . ing centers where supplementary ratwns may lose some of the foundations of order a grim one. Those who have s~en the are given to those with special food c:e­ on which the hoped for world-wide peace flattened cities of Europe realize the ficiencies. In Athens I inspected a pre­ must rest. We must help to the limits of housing shortage. Millions will try ~o ventorium for youngsters threat~n.ed our strength. And we will. survive in buildings which have lost their with tuberculosis. In all of these c1tles This pledge must be kept, but one man, roofs and their windows. There will ~e I called at warehouses where clothes the President of the United States, can­ little if any heat in most homes this from the Henry Kaiser drive are received. not keep it alone. It is up to the people winter. Moreover, the majority of J?~O­ I also saw some large sewing projects, of this Nation, through their elected ples have worn out their clothes. <=:1t1es one of them staffed by women from a representatives, to follow through. have been bombed out and the survivors displaced persons camp, where these Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I yiel_d possess only the rags which they wear American clothes are repaired and sorted 8 minutes to the gentlewoman from Illi­ on their bodies. Added then to the cold for distribution. nois [Mrs. DOUGLAS]. and lack of warm clothes and decent In Germany and Italy I visited many Mrs. DOUGLAS of Illinois. Mr. Chair­ shoes, there will be hunger all over. Eu­ camps for displaced persons. U~~~A rope. In fact, the peoples of the liber­ man, much of the criticism of UNR~A will shortly carry the chief respons1b1l1ty has concerned conditions over which ated countries have been hungry for a for these people. It has always shared in UNRRA has no control. At the start of long tim~ back. They have accumulated this work. While the Army has provided its life UNRRA was necessarily the step­ food needs, since their official rations be­ food, transport, and security, UNRRA child of the military. Its operations were fore liberation were less than a thousand has met other needs. It has screen~d held up until the Army gave it the green calories a day, to be supplemented if and arrivals to weed out Nazis trying to es­ light to proceed and that meant that it when one could buy unrationed foods or cape Germany. It has made contact foods from the black market. Libera­ with the land to which the arrival wants or.ly really began to function in April, tion did not bring abundance. In fact, 1945, after the Greek civil war was end­ to go and it has prevented the spread of nowhe;e in Europe are people eating to­ disease with its health program of de­ ed. Since that tir.le it has opened full day what Americans would call adequate programs in Greece, Albania, Yugoslavi_a, lousing, inoculations, baths, and often diets either in amounts or variety. the first clean clothes the people have and Czechoslovakia, with a recent start 1n Vve Americans continue to be the best­ Poland, and a limited program in Italy. seen in months. It has cared for the fed people in the world and we eat some­ sick and helpless. It has started nurs­ In addition, it has collaborated with the where between three and four thousand military in the care of displaced persons eries and classes for children. Many calories a day. Basic rations in Italy are youngsters have become warped through and has undertaken certain specific func­ 1,200 calories, chiefly starch foods, sup­ tions, such as epidemic control and the persecution and there is a real job to do plemented by perhaps 400 calories of ra­ in taming them. distribution of clothing in other coun­ tion-free foods. The situation is similar tries. It has not functioned more fully An organization is no better than those in Greece and Czechoslovakia but prob­ who staff it. When UNRRA was in western Europe because these nations ably worse in the Balkans and certainly with gold reserves pre:Zerred to make launched there was a serious manpower worse in Austria and Poland. The re­ shortage and too often UNRRA was their own requisitions of supplies. They sults can be seen in the mounting figures thought that in this way they would re­ handicapped in personnel, as in supplies. of infant mortality and in those diseases This handicap is also lifting since VJ­ ceive more favorable treatment than as which stem from malnutrition, such as one oi the many recipients of UNRRA's Day and the staff has greatly improved. tuberculosis and rickets. Being an international institution, the supplies. So far UNRRA has prevented wide­ During the first months of its existence, personnel is also international. It has spread starvation in Greece and in· the been charged-and I fear correctly at two bottleneclt:s hampered UNRRA's ac­ Balkans. If its meager rations are cut tivities. Those bottlenecks were shioping times-that some of the personnel has off or delayed, starvation will grow, and allowed UNRRA to be used for political and supplies. Until VE-Day, UNRRA so perhaps will social chaos. As Gen­ could only get the leavings of the mili­ purposes. All supporters of UNR~A eral Eisenhower told us, "Without food, want to safeguard it from any such mis­ tary and often there were few leavings. there can be no peace." As an example of one of these bottlenecks, use. I believe, however, that amend­ Certainly epidemics will sweep the ments at this time are not the proper I quote the criticism of my distinguished devastated area::: if UNRRA pauses in its colleague who visited Greece at the start remedy. In the first place, we have com­ work. Here we have one activity in mitted ourselves to the initial assess­ of its program. He stressed the fact that which all of us must be concerned, even in a land where transportation was dis­ ment and any amendments now might from a purely selfish point of view. We delay the urgent program. rupted UNRRA was trying to function cannot hope to confine disease to devas­ with b~oken-down trucks which it was tated regions, for gerrns do not respect Moreover, since UNRRA is an inter­ not even pretending to repair. What he national organization, the method for boundary lines. changing or strengthening the rules said was true. A!l UNRRA had was So far it has been a miracle that no broken-down trucks. And why? Be­ serious epidemic has broken out, like should not be imposed unilaterally. Vve cause the only trucks it was allowed to Spani: h influenza, which followed t.ne should instruct our representative to get were those which the Army did not last war. UNRRA has played an impor­ propose the substance of whateyer want, and the only ones which they did tant part in controlling pestilence. In amendment we desire to the govermng not want were those that had broken or China it is fighting cholera and in Eu­ body . of UNRRA. That is ~he forrr: of were breaking down. Similarly, while rope it has done important work check­ procedure prescribed by this o:gamza­ UNRRA had put in a requisition nionths ing s:::h plagues as typhus, with t11e tion in whicl:l we hold membership. The before for spare parts and garage equip­ miracle-wor:;:ing DDT. It has sprayed central committee can make policy de­ ment, the requisition was never filled. DDT by planes over malaria-breeding cisions on short notice. And we can be This is an example of the shortages and swamps in Italy and in Greece, where the sure that our proposals will carry great , bottlenecks which impeded efficient oper­ enemy had mined and flooded fields. weight. They always have. As an ex­ ations in the early moi1ths of UNRRA. UNRRA's supplementary feeding pro­ ample, at the London confe1·ence this With the war over, conditions have grams have been the best preventi~e year there were two main issues and the changed. Shipping has e&sed and there a~?ainst the rising tide of tuberculosis United States was spokesman in each are now surpluses. It is ironic that at which has made particular inroads case of the view which finally prevailed, this point a third limitation is making among the displaced persons and the un­ as against the views of Russia, it so the continuation of UNRRA uncertain. dernourished children of Europe. happened, or some nation in her zone of That limitation is money. UNRRA is Because of limited funds, as well as the influence. The two issues were the ex­ now out of funds. Its present supplies wish to use responsible local people, tension of a full program to 'Italy and will last only until the end of November. UNRRA · always works through local Austria and the continuing care of dis­ If new funds are not voted promptly, the agencies. In Naples I saw an orphanage, placed persons who did not want to be number of ships carrying supplies will run by nuns, where UNRRA supplies the returned to Poland, the Balkans, or Lhe fall below schedule by mid-November. food. In Rome and Naples I visited the Baltic region. 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10229 I believe there are reasons other than 339 Members responded to their names, a Seventy-two cents out of every dollar altruism why we must insure UNRRA's quorum, and he submitted herewith the appropriated or spent by UNRRA is success. We won the war at great cost, · names of the absentees to be spread American money. We put up about but we can throw away the victory if we upon the Jour.nal. $1,350,000 ,000 plus administrative ex­ do not see that an orderly world emerges The SPEAKER pro tempore. The penses, and the rest of the countries put from the destruction. The war, thank Committee will resume its sitting. up the difference between that and God, was not fought in our land, but Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield $1 ,876,000,000. So we pay 72 percent and where it was fought there is ruin, hunger, 20 minutes to the gentleman· from Illi­ 43 other nations pay the remaining 28 and desperation. If we abandon these nois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. percent. In other words, we pay 2% recently liberated peoples before their Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, before times as much as all of the other nations normal economies are functioning again, I address myself to some items in the in the world. Furthermore, we are not a we deliver them in a sense to the leaders pending joint resolution, I want to pay suppliant nation-thank God. We are of violence and revolution. testimony to a Member of this House to willing to do it. I am confident that our There is one more reason why UNRRA whom I believe the Congress and the people and the Congress want to do their should succeed. It is the first peacetime country owe a deep debt of gratitude. I full share to relieve distress. The only venture of the United Nations. If the refer to the gentleman from Massachu­ thing we ask is that it be an efficient oper­ members cannot cooperate on a tempo­ setts, the Honorable CHRISTIAN A. HERTER. ation; that is all. Certainly it has not rary, humanitarian project, how can we On his own responsibility and by the re­ been efficient. It has been top heavy in hope to cooperate on more controversial quest of UNRRA, he went overseas this personnel. I indicated on another occa­ and permanent plans? We must prove summer and attended the London con­ sion, GoveTnor Lehmansat in my oflice in that the United Nations is not just a ference of UNRRA. He made an inves­ June and told me from his own lips that remote institution which concerns itself tigation of its various functions in dif­ there were 1,500 UNRRA personnel at with international law and pronounces ferent countries. He did not ask for Grande Ville, France, who were drawing platitudes on peace. We can prove that the job, but he did assume the responsi­ pay, subsistence, and rations, and who the member nations see first thingi first bility when it was tendered to him, and were doing nothing. When I said, "Why and minister in practical ways to des­ then returned and made what I esteem is it?" he said, ''We are not getting co­ perate people. Before men can cooper­ to be a human and a critical and a con­ operation from the military." It is an ate politically, they must have bread, structive report. He made that report unhappy condition in an organization shelter, clothes, and medical care. By to the House ·and also appeared before that will camp 1,500 people in a little meeting elemental needs, the United the Subcommittee on Appropriations. I town in France and not know in advance Nations can save the lives of millions, think it was very illuminating, and I whether they are going to get coopera­ undermine the pull of violent national­ can think of no finer testimony to our tion from the military authorities. That isms which emerge like fascism after colleague, the gentleman from Massa­ is a rather amazing thing. But I am not every war, and, equally important, they chusetts, CHRIS HERTER, than that which going to worry you with a long harangue can channelize to themselves the loyal­ appears on the very last page of these here over the past inefficiencies of ties of men throughout the world. hearings. There is a memorandum by UNRRA. Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Chairman, I make the Secretary of State which is ad­ I am willing to adm-it there has been an the point of order that a quorum is not dressed to .the chairman of the House improvement. They have in the Wash­ present. Appropriations Committee. ington office today a commander from the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will In that memorandum the Secretary of British Navy. He is an Australian by count . [After counting.] Eighty-seven State looked with favor upon five of the birth. His name is Commander Jackson. Members are present: not a quorum. great number of recommendations made He is a fine gentleman and a pretty good The Clerk will call the roll. by the gentleman from Massachusetts. businessman. I think under his guidance · The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ I can think of no finer testimony and I and by his efforts there has been meas­ lowing Members failed to answer to their can think of no greater service to the urable improvement in the administra­ names: country and to the Congress. I do be­ tive techniques of UNRRA, but we still [Roll No. 184] lieve this House owes the g~ntleman from have a long way to go. Adams Fuller Mundt Massachusetts, CHRIS HERTER, a debt of The question has been raisEd from Andersen, Gardner Norton gratitude for the job he did this summer time to time that perhaps this function H . c arl Gibson Peterson, Ga. Andrews, N. Y. Gillie Ploeser in connection with the very thing which ought to be transferred to some other Arends Gore Plumley is before us at the present time. more efficient agency, such as the Red Ba rret t, Pa. Gorski Rains Cross, for example. The story is simply Bates, Ky. Gra nahan Robinson, Utah I think it is an appropriate time to Bell Griffiths Robsion, Ky. summarize what has been said and what this. This is November. In some of the Boyk in Hand Roe, Md. the situation is at the moment. You may countries that lie in northern latitudes Brehm Harness, Ind. · Rogers, Fla. recall that UNRRA was approved in 1943. in Europe, winter is about on the thresh­ Buckley Hart Russell old. You cannot make the transition Bunker Hebert Sabath The first appropriation was made in 1944. Byrn e, N. Y. Heffernan Simpson, Pa. We gave them $450,000,000 cash. We au­ today to the military. You cannot make Campbell Hill Snyder thorized $200,000,000 in lend-lease trans­ the transition to the American Red Can non, Mo. Hope Starkey Cross. For then there would be a great Carlson Jarman Sumners, Tex. fers and $150,000,000 in transfers from Celler Jonkman Tarver the military. The total was $800,000,000. deal of confusion at the very moment Chelf Kee T aylor There remained then out of the total when distress, ·hunger, cold, and priva­ Cunningham Keefe Thomas, Tex. tion and destitution will be upon those Curley Kerr Thomason authorization of $1,350,000,000 the sum Dawson Kilburn Vursell of $550,000,000. That is the sum report­ countries. I think we recognize our hu­ Dickstein King Weiss man responsibilities under this program DingelL LaFollette White ed in the present bill. Frankly, I am go­ into which we entered so freely with the Drewry Landis Wilson ing to vote for the bill. Yet I recognize other countries of the world. Durham Larcade Winstead we are confronted with something of a Eaton Madden Winter · But does it mean we have to perpet­ Eberh arter Maloney Wolcott dilemma. Manifestly, one does not like uate inefficiency? Does it mean we have Elliott Mansfield, Tex. Wolfenden, Pa. to spend $550,000,000 of the people's to perpetuate black market operations Elston Merrow Woodruff, Mich. money when you know very well there Flannagan Morgan and pilferage? Does it mean we have to Fogarty Morrison has been so much inefficiency in this or­ perpetuate waste and extravagance? Folger Mott ganization. It has a personnel in excess There has been plenty of it. There has Accordingly the Committee rose; and of 8,000 people. It has 1,136 people up been mention made here today about the Speaker pro tempore [Mr. CooPER] here on Connecticut Avenue near Dupont black market operations. You could having assumed the chair, Mr. SPARKMAN, Circle and in other buildings in Wash­ travel down in the market sections of Chairman of the Committee of the Whole ington. It has 939 people in the London Athens and in the stores you could find House on the State of the Union, reported office. Out of the 14 key positions in the fancy Westmont hams packed by Ameri­ that that Committee having had under London office, only 1 is held by an Ameri­ can packers. You could find tall cans consideration House Joint Resolution 266, can. Now the odd part of it is that it is of Alaska red salmon packed by Ameri­ and finding itself without a quorum, he our money in large part that is being can packers. How did they get there? It had directed the roll to be called, when expended. was pilfered in some cases; in other cases 10230 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 it was stolen by the ELAS, which is the termine that the purposes and objectives Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the actionist group in Greece, who would go of UNRRA are being properly effec­ gentleman yield? into a town after the UNRRA trucks had tuated? Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. been there and take their one-third or ·At this point let me digress for a mo­ Mr. COOLEY. Does not the gentleman more, use what they needed, and then ment to allude to an amendment which believe that until the people of Yugo­ sell the balance in the black markets in I am going to offer. I think we must go slavia are given free and unfettered Greece. All that is past, however. I only further than we have gone here. I think elections Tito and his cohorts will con­ ask that it be efficient operation. To the sunlight of publicity has got to shine tinue to control every item of relief that that end there has been written into the in on this thing. So, at the appropriate is sent into that country? proposal that is before us today a number time, I am going to offer this amendment. Mr. DffiKSEN. I think the query the of limitations. You will find them on It was suggested by the gentleman from gentleman raises is very fundamental, pages 2 and 3. In the first place, we put Massachusetts [Mr. HERTERl. In a dif­ and I shall answer him. You have heard in a time limit .to the effect that goods ferent form it was offered by me in the it said here today that we must do noth­ shall not be · shipped after December 31, full committee yesterday, and it was ing to stand in the way of relieving dis­ 1945, except in the case of China, where defeated by a vote of 16 to 15-. I do not tress, and I shall be the last to stand in we made it March 31,.1947. We ought to believe it is telling tales out of school to the .way; but, Mr. Chairman, I am not know whether this is going to be an in­ say that that amendment was defeated unmindful of the fact that there are ternational WPA or not. Some of the by one vote. But I will offer it on the . about 300,000 or more American GI's who folks who have an occupational complex floor. It will be offered on page 3. It are slumbering in eternal sleep in all the in a good many of these countries, be­ will be to the effect that these supplies corners of the earth who will not come cause their countries were occupied by will be contingent upon this condition; back because they became sacrifices upon alien armies for a long time, are willing along with others: the altar of freedom. When we were to sit down in the boat and rest on the That the President has indicated to the groping around a few years ago to get oars. What they need is to go in for a United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation our bearings suddenly there came this little self-help, with some aid and sus­ Administration that he deems satisfactory great challenging crusade that these tenance from us. But let us never per­ arrangements have been made for the prop­ youngsters were fighting in the cause of mit them to get in the habit of mind erly accredited representatives of the Ameri­ the "four freedoms." I have L.eard a where they shall look to the great occi­ Gan press to observe and report without cen­ thousand GI's mention it because it is dental country in the Western Hemi­ sorship on the distribution and utilization of the one thing that struck home to the sphere for a continuous fiow of relief relief and rehabilitation supplies and serv­ consciousness when you asked them why goods. Do not forget that when Gov­ ices fUrnished for such country. they were engaged in this great struggle. ernor Lehman was before us he said, "I Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will And so we have been pleased to think will be back pretty soon and I will ask for the gentleman yield at that point? we have been doing something in the more money. I will ask for another $1,- Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield. interest of freedom in all the corners of 300,000,000," which is the equivalent of Mr. KNUTSON. I have been told that the earth. Now, then, if that be true, the first authorization. in the Balkans and in Poland all relief why can we not be consistent in this What we do now is important in being must be made through Russian hands. thing and use every instrumentality and sure that there is an efficient administra­ Mr. DIRKSEN. It is an open-and-shut every weapon at our command, whether tive organism so that if more money is matter. If the gentleman will just look it is a bank loan or whether it is a ·credit appropriated out of the Public Treasury at the hearings, that the chief of mis­ or whether it is relief, for the purpose of of this country it will go where it be­ sion fo1· Yugoslavia is a citizen of the carrying out and spelling out the basic longs, to the actual relief of the needy Soviet Union; the chief of mission in pattern for which so many young Gl's and distressed. So we put in a time lim­ Czechoslovakia is a citizen of the Soviet have gone down to the dreamless dust it for purposes of better control and di­ Union. At one time they had a chief by and will never come back? I say to you rection of the relief operation. These the name of Michael Mimshikov who was it will be a horrible mockery if we leave dates will carry beyond the next harvest. handling this matter in Poland. I think the Balkans closed up. If these coun­ The time limit is, therefore, adequate. he was under .fire. Since that time he tries that are suppliants for relief upon There is another reason why that limi­ left the job, perhaps by request, and now our own thresholds are willing to take tation is there. We want to be sure that Polish relief is being administered by our bread and supplies but are not will­ this does not become a great bottomless somebody else. ing to permit American press represent­ barrel for the diversion of relief and re­ I am glad the gentleman from Minne­ atives to come in and tell the story of habilitation supplies for the sustenance sota brought up this point, however, be­ this relief and rehabilitation operation, of armies or political groups in E•1rope. cause it does give a special point to the something is wrong. It is in line, I think, I suggest you read on page 194 of the thing that I want to say. How are we with the President's Navy Day· address­ hearings a letter that was written to me to know that these supplies go to the you remember it, you remember his 12 by an officer in the United States Navy. needy people without observing them? points. He said the world is not perfect He was on duty at Trieste. It was a good How do we know that they are not going but we must go on in the direction of be long letter and very current. It was to be diverted for political or military objective of freedom. dated October 3 ·and reached me about reasons and purposes? The only way to Is it asking too much to insist that October 12. It is a very revealing busi­ be sure is, first, to get inspection, and, accredited representatives of the United ness, and I suggest that you read it, be­ second, to let the light of day shine in. States press be permitted to enter the cause there he makes special point of Somebody said that with the language countries to whom UNRRA supplies are the fact that there is no assurance that shipped so that they may observe and these supplies, intended for distressed, that is in the bill at the present time you without censorship or obstruction report weary, and destitute people, are getting do not need any publicity. Let us ex­ to the American people what supplies to them. His letter indicates how casual amine it for a moment. Suppose an in­ have been received, the mechanics of dis­ and indifferent many of the investiga­ vestigator goes to the chief of mission tribution, whether it is an efficient oper­ tions and inspections were and there is in Yugoslavia and says: "These goods in ation, whether said supplies are in good abundant reason to believe that supplies our opinion have been diverted for a pur­ order and meet the particular needs of intended for the needy have been di­ pose that was not intended." He may such an area, whether the quality and· verted to other purposes. not be in sympathy with any disclosure nourishment value is all that it should I am not going to stand idly by and see of the kind and he may say: "Oh, that is be, whether such supplies are being effec­ one nickel's worth of supplies from this perfectly all right." I contend that if tively used, and to what extent the quan­ country go to sustain a single soldier in the American people are going to put tity of supplies meets the need which Tito's army. That is why we inserted up 72 percent of the money then the bas been described to us? still another limitation. You will find it American taxpayer is entitled to know Unless the authmities in recipient on page 3, "Facilities, credentials, and how the money is expended and what countries have something to hide and documents ought to be provided for happens to the goods, whether they reach conceal from the American people, can UNRRA personnel so that they can make the objective that is intended under the you see any reason why there should be inspections and investigations." They basic act and under this arrangement opposition to this kind of an arrange­ have got to know. How else can we de~ with 43 other nations. ment? 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10231 The objections which have heretofore is a two-way street and somebody else recognize and pay the same reverence to been raised are highly academic and besides us must be a little tolerant and - freedom of the press that we do. legalistic. But this is, after all, a prob­ forbearing. May I add this thought: The starving Yugoslav .children are lem in common sense and common The authorities in any distressed coun­ not to blame because the press is not morals. If there is nothing to conceal try who would rather see their people free in their country. They have had from the country which so tangibly shows starve or go without fuel or clothing nothing to do with_it, and they should its appreciation of the relief problem by rather than permit the press to enter and not be penalized on account of it. All assuming 72 percent of the financial bur­ freely report upon the operations of this they know is that they are terribly hun­ den, then there can be no objection what­ international relief organization would gry and they are crying for help. Let soever to the amendment which I shall not be above diverting such supplies for us not, I pray you, adopt· restrictiv.e propose when the bill is read under the purposes that were not intended in the amendments to this bill that will mean 5-minute rule. UNRRA agreement. Would anyone death to their hopes. If we adopt these Here, then, is a splendid chance; here quarrel with that inference? amendments and the government of is one of the great instrumentalities, one The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Yugoslavia-! use that country merely of the great weapons that we have at gentleman from Illinois has expired. as an example-refuses to back down hand in order to spell out in a small way­ Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I yield and admit representatives of the press, a little more of this whole fabric of myself 17 minutes. what then? In that event no food will freedom. Mr. Chairman, I would like to address go into Yugoslavia to relieve the starv­ I am going to press that amendment . myself very briefly to proposed amend­ ing; no clothing will go in to clothe the upon your good and gracious attention ments to the UNRRA bill-particularly naked. Thousands upon thousands of in the hope you will agree that our press the so-called press amendments-and people will perish simply becam: . Yugo­ representatives may go in and tell the then I would like to read to the Commit­ slavian officials do not recognize one of story. I do not ask that the whole lid tee of the 'Whole a letter I have received the institutions of freedom which we be taken off and that they be permitted today from Gov. Herbert H. Leh­ cherish-freedom of the press~although to pry into all the affairs of a country man, the Director General of Ul~RRA, they ha7e never enjoyed it and they overseas and write anything they. want; in which he expresses in a very direct hardly know the meaning of the term. but I do believe that the American people and straight-forward way his apprehen­ We should remember that 'this is a are entitled to have their newspapermen sion over the probable harmful and dis­ bill for the relief of human suffering. go over there after the President has been ruptive effect that amendment would Our paramount duty is to get food to satisfied they can enter, and send their have in the administration of relief to hungry mouths in as quick and direct a uncensored dispatches back to the United the starving people of the Old World. manner as possible. Let us not com­ States of America so that the 130,000,000 As I sense the situation, there is sub­ mit the unpardonable mistake of mak­ people who are footing most of the bill stantial unanimity of sentiment in this ing our relief dependent upon the reform may find out what is being done with body in respect to the amount to be ap­ of political governing bodies. If we do the money that this very Congress taxes propriated to UNRRA. All, or virtuaily · that, millions of starving peoyle whom out of them every day of the 365 days of all, of our Members on both sides of the we would like to help, wiJJ die before we the year. aisle B,re ready to vote for the Budget can get around to them. Granting that Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. estimate, $550;000,000, which will ex­ the ruling officials of these stricken Chairman, will the gentleman yield? haust the full amount of the legislative countries are as bad as they are said to _.Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield to the gen­ authorization. The only differences that be, our concern should be for the starv­ tleman from Pennsylvania. will arise, apparently, will be over the ing and naked people who right now Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. I strings that will be tied to the adminis­ need our help more than they need any­ agree with a great many things which tration of the relief funds. thing else in all the world, and we should the gentleman has said and inferred I understand that various limiting not make our relief contingent upon re­ with respect to the conduct of Russia in amendments have been prepared or are forming political systems. certain countries of Europe, because I in process of incubation. The most out­ Many of these small countries are un­ had the opportunity to observe that my­ standing proposed amendment that has friendly with each other, due to age-old self. Our country should try to do some­ been made public in textual form, as far animosities. Under the proposed thing to counteract the manipulations as I am aware, is orie which provides that amendment a stricken nation could not of the Russians. But would the gentle­ before any country can become the ben­ obtain food from the United States until man punish, for instance, the poor people eficiary of UNRRA relief funds it must it agrees to open its boundaries to the of Poland who have nothing to say or be shown that such country shall and representatives of the press of 44 nations, who have been helpless and defenseless actually does permit the accredited rep­ some of whom are more or less un­ against the Russians for the things resentatives of the press of any member friendly, and permit them to come in and Russia is doing to Poland? government to enter such country and pry around. The stricken nation prob­ Mr. DIRKSEN. The gentleman for­ to observe and report without censorship ably would not agree to this condition gets that Poland has a type of govern­ the operations of UNRRA, including the and meanwhile its poor starving people · ment of its own, even though it is pro­ distribution and utilization of relief and would suffer and die. visional. rehabilitation supplies and services fur­ We have a right, of course, to apply Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. The nished under said UNRRA agreement." any restrictions to the UNRRA appro­ gentleman knows that the people of I assume that this amendment and priation that we desire to apply, for it Poland have had nothing to say, really, probably others on the same subject will is the money of the American people, · about the form of government they now be offered in the House. and we Members of the Congress are have. No one holds in higher esteem than I trustees of the people in voting this Mr. DIRKSEN. That is an interest­ do the tremendously able gentleman ing confession, I may say, and I am glad who sponsored this amendment in the beneficence and in determining the con­ to hear it. Appropriations Committee. I know that ditions on which it shall be granted. We Mr. BRADLEY of Pennsylvania. I am there is no kinder-hearted man in Con­ do not actually have to vote any appro­ definite about that. gress than he is, and I wonder whether priation at all. But as citizens of a Mr. DIRKSEN. The fact of the mat­ he has thought about the full implica­ Christian land our sense of duty to our ter is they have a provisional govern­ tions of his proposal. Are· we to decree Maker, the Father of us all, is not going ment of a kind. If they" want to starve in this legislation that a little child dying to permit us to sit idle while human their own people, if they want to get of malnutrition in Yugoslavia shall be beings suffer the awful pangs of hunger along without fuel, without bread, with­ denied milk · by UNRRA because the and starvation in other lands. J,f we out clothing, and run them into the very Government of Yugoslavia is opposed to are going to relieve these poor people let gutter of destitution this winter, that a f1:ee press? Having been brought up us do so ungrudgingly and in the most becomes their primary responsibility and in the arms of the press, I yield to no effective way. So what we do let us, not ours. one in my zeal for freedom of the press, I beseech you, do graciously, without any · The heart of America is open, it is but I cannot agree that there is any strings and restrictions that would de­ openhanded and generous, and we are justification in denying food to starving feat the great humanitarian purpose willing to do this thing, but cooperation people because their governments do not we are seeking to achieve. 10232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER . 31 Gov. Herbert H. Lehman was a witness Administration by its governing bodies. But for the purposes of UNRRA. We have before our subcommittee several days in the method proposed to be followed by these participated to a large extent in World amendments could lead to disruption of the War II, in that we have proVided a huge succession. No witness who ever ap­ authority of tl1ose bodies by inviting other peared before us was more frank and nations to attach all sorts of conditions to Army, and a great Navy, botli of which honest. He gave every evidence not only their contributions. As a result, the Admin­ have made noteworthy contributions to of a great heart but a great mind. His istration would no longer be governed by an our signal victory. Not only that vast exposition of the splendid humanitarian international organ, but by a series of bi­ participation, which was accomplished conception known as UNRRA and its lateral arrangements with its various mem­ at our own cost and expense, but we function in relieving the distress of the ber governments. Also as a result, many of have contributed by and through Lease­ world was most illuminating and inspir­ the conditions which would thus by imposed Lend some $42,000,000,000 or more, which might well be inconsistent and so present was used to aid foreign nations to ing. He pointed out to us the gamut insurmountable obstacles to the primary task of possibilities of this great human of bringing aid to the victims of the war. finance their war effort-and we con­ agency, as well as the dangers that beset For these reasons I should consider it un­ tributed planes, tanks, and guns-we it, and among the dangers he specifically desirable that the proposed amendments be gave ammunition and food-we have mentioned the possibility of such restric­ adopted. been the gracious and the generous Na­ tive amendments being adopted by this I may add that some of the amendments tion among them all, even to a fault House as will lead all of the other con­ would impose upon UNRRA administrative which will, in the end, react to our very tributing countries to adopt similar re­ burdens which it could not hope to carry great disadvantage. That is in the past. strictions on the use of their contribu­ and which might interfere with its primary Now, we are asked, again, to make a · relief task. UNRRA, for example, is not further contribution to aid those tions, thus causing the entire organiza­ equipped to determine whether a press repre­ tion to bog down in a morass of politics, sentative has been properly admitted to or countries. to the final and complete frustration of excluded from one of its recipient countries. Mr. Chairman, when we scan there­ all of the fine purposes of the United In view of the well-known differences of port, now submitted with this joint reso­ Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad- opinion as to what is the appropriate degree lution, we find that tl:e United States ministration. - of freedom for reporting, UNRRA might well of America will have contributed the vast I shall now close my remarks by read­ find itself spending a large part of its time sum of $1,350,000,000 to UNRRA, if and investigating complaints regarding treatment when the sum provided in this measure ing to the committee the letter I received of correspondents instead of on relief to the today from Governor Lehman in re­ needy. For these reasons I said in the hear­ is appropriated for that purpose, while sponse to my request for his opinion on ings before the House Committee on Appro­ the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics the effect of restrictive amendments, no­ priations: will only contribute the sum of $1,750,- tably the so-called press amendment. "I should take the view that, since these 000. Russia is a very wealthy nation His letter is as follows:. are conditions imposed by the United States yet we are making a contribution al~ Government on its contribution, I would look most 800 times the amount Russia is UNITED NATIONS RELIEF to the Department of State, as representing giving for this particular purpose. Eng­ AND REHABILITATION ADMINISTP.ATION, the United States Government, to take re­ land, also a great r.nd powerful nation, Washi ngton, D. C., October 30, 1945. sponsibility for withholding funds for the Hon. LoUIS LUDLOW, relief of any country in the event of a breach is giving a sum tota~ of $322,400,000 for House of Representatives, of these conditions." this purported relief work. As usual, our Washington, D. C. Speaking now si.mply as an American citi­ country is called upon, and those in DEAR CoNGRESSMAN LUDLOW: You have asked zen, I believe that it would be unwise to use power have made commitments to yield me to comment -on certain amendments the American contribution to relief to attain to that demand made by foreign coun­ which have been proposed for incorpora­ certain American political objectives, how­ tion in the appropriation legislation for tries, to give the lion's share of the rc . ever desirable. If relief fails to come to mil­ UNRRA now before the House Appropria­ lief assistance, as well as the aid which lions of destitute. in Europe or the Far East was given for the prosecution of the war. tions Committee. These amendments would because one or more of the conditions of the make the use of the appropriated funds de­ proposed amendments have not been met, We are made the dupes in this t.ntire pendent upon a certification by the Director America's good name will inevitably suffer. affair, and the tragic recollection is that General of UNRRA that countries receiving No matter how undesirable one may consider those in this administration, and those UNRRA relief have agreed to certain condi­ some recipient government's press policy to in charge of our foreign affairs, are tions, including, for example, the admission be, I do not think the American people would ready and willing to give anything and of foreign-press representatives. wish to use the threat of starvation to at­ You know, I am sure, that I am heartily everything to some foreign country, and tempt to change it. let our own people, our aged, or laborers, in favor of and have always fought for the Sincerely yours, fullest freedom of the press. The presence of our businessmen and our farmer~:: pay HERBERT H . LEHMAN, correspondents in all the countries which Director General. the bill, and then to shift for themselves UNRRA is aiding and the complet~ report­ as best they can. That is a policy to ing by them of the progress of our programs Speaking as one Member of Congress, I which I cannot subscribe. It is true that would be welcomed by us. Without doubt, am going to stand by Governor Lehman many of the misunderstandings of UNRRA's we have an obligation, and a sacred operations would have been avoided if this in this matter. I am not going to vote duty, to prevent starvation where that had been possible in the past. to hamstring him when he is earnestly is possible; we want to meet that chal­ I feel, however, that the method of at­ and conscientiously trying to do the big­ lenge, and we will meet it. Yet we have taining this and other objectives embodied gest relief job in the history of the world. people in our own country who are in in the proposed amendments is inappropri­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield want, and we have starvation with us­ ate. It is inconsistent with the conception such time as he may desire to the gen­ we have in this great Nation distress of that the policies which UNRRA is to apply tleman from Indiana [Mr. SPRINGER]. every kind-and I wonder how we can, · in bringing relief to the devastated members of the United Nations are to be determined Mr. SPRINGER. Mr. Chairman, this meet our own country-wide obligations, by the United Nations. The governing bodies joint resolution, now before the House, · when the taxpayer is sapped of almost of UNRRA, its council and central com­ which provides for the appropriation of everything he has, to take care of a mittee, have been meeting at. intervals for the additional sum of $550,000;000 for the kindred situation in foreign countries. 2 years, and have laid down in a series of portion allocated to our Nation for the While our people are working at top resolutions, now numbering over 80, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilita­ speed, following the close of the war, policies to be followed by the Administra­ tion Administration, is causing me con­ and the people of foreign countries, in tion. These resolutions are adopted after full discussion in which all possible different siderable worry and distress as we ap­ many nations, have sat down and they national points of view can be considered. proach the time when the vote is taken. are awaiting relief from some other This, to my mind, is the appropriate proce­ I am confident I am not alone in my source, and that source is largely this dure for determining UNRRA policy. The misgivings upon this subject, because Nation. As long as we give the hand­ United States has taken the lead in the many other Members in this body are outs, just that long will those nations adoption of this international method of also distressed over the consideration await the next distribution. It is time (iea.ling with the reiief problem, and it would of this subject. My distress is occasioned that those countries go to work and cease be unfortunate if it were now the first to break away from it. by reason of the fact that in the event quarreling and preparing to fight an­ Of course, the United States has every this huge sum of money is appropriated other war. right to determine whether it will participate to UNRRA, as proposed, that will make Mr. Chairman, in this agency, UNRRA, in operations of UNRRA carried out in ac­ the staggering sum of $1,350,000,000 that it has been reported that practically the cordance with the instructions given to the the United States of America has given entire administration of it comes from 1945 - -· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10233 London,· England, wher'e the offices are to Europe, where I spent the greater part relief. They had been admitted at San located that direct this relief. Many of my time investigating the actual oper­ Francisco to the United Nations Organ­ stirring reports have come respecting the ations of UNRRA. • There was one thing ization in order to give Russia three votes maladministration of this agency. One in connection with what he said that I at that Conference. report came to me, from one of those in would like to correct. I went to Europe They were therefore recognized as the management of UNRRA in foreign to attend a meeting of the third council separate governments and ware admitted • counfries, that the whole agency was of UNRRA at the suggestion of our for­ to the UNRRA organization. It has now not right-that it was not operated upon mer colleague, Mr. Anderson, Secretary been agreed that they should become a sound basis-and that the entire set-up of Agriculture. I was appointed as a recipients of some $250,000,000 worth of is no good. From this same source came delegate to that meeting by the Depart­ relief. That relief is now being sched­ the report that this agency should be ment of State. When I returned I asked uled by the UNRRA organization. Some entirely abolished and forgotten as the Secretary of Agriculture if he wished $40,000,000 worth of foodstuffs have al­ quickly as possible. That report indi­ me to make a formal report to him of my ready been applied for to the Combined cated that the money was squandered for findings. He said: "No. Make your re­ Food Board for those areas of Russia, needless purposes, and that it did not port to the House." It was for that rea­ .and yet to my knowledge not a living reach the people for whom it was in­ son that I reported very fully with re­ human being from the UNRRA organiza­ tended. So many jobs have been cre­ spect to my findings on October 10, and tion or from the American press has ever ated, and so many people have been I am not going to cover the ground again been within either of those two Soviet placed upon the pay roll, that much of which I covered at that time. However, republics to ascertain what the need is the money which should otherwise be I do want to address myself for a few or even to draw up the standard type of available for the poor and the needy is moments to certain of the amendments agreement which UNRRA always draws recklessly used and foolishly employed. which have been adopted by the com­ up with a recipient country. These two Black markets have sprung up, in many mittee in the bill that is now before us sections of Russia have undoubtedly suf­ places, and that a large portion of the and to certain of the amendments which fered greatly as a result of German oc­ available food and supplies have found will be offered tomorrow when the bill is cupancy but as I said little is known their way into those unauthorized and open for amendment. about them. This amendment would in illegal places. The administration of The one to which I want to address 'effect apply principally to these republics. this agency, and these funds, is very myself first is the one offered by the Also it seems to me that in ovr over-all poor, and that can be confirmed from gentleman from Illinois [Ml'. DIRKSEN], relationship with Russia this question many and various sources. This money which has to do .with the press and re­ of being able to observe what is happen­ which we grant to this agency belongs porting by the press Qn the distribution ing from the point of view of the dis­ to the people of this country. They and the entire operation of relief. tribution of relief supplies on the. part have earned it by the sweat of the brow, That amendment was also referred to of the American people and the other and they have made the contribution to by the last speaker, who seemed to feel allied nations of the UNRRA organiza­ our Government-thinking, of· course, that it lay outside the proper scope of tion is of paramount importance. We that their money was correctly used and this bill; that there might be some em­ are all suffering from doubts, suspicions, properly allocated for the needy and barrassment to member governments o.r and misunderstandings in our relations the poor. It is a sad c·ommentary ·to to recipient governments if th~t amend­ with Russia. That is probably the visualize that such is not the case. But ment were adopted. greatest cloud that is hanging over the that waste, squandering, ·and mispla~e­ I think it is only fair to make the situa­ head of the world today; the cloud of ment of funds occur, and no one in the tion entirely clear with respect to the suspicion and distrust as between the agency, and no one in our own Govern­ effect of that amendment. In ·the first two most powerful military nations of the ment, appears to try to stop that de­ place, the amendment as offered by the world. To my mind any step we can bauchery of our- money so contributed. gentleman from Illinois. [Mr. DIRKSEN] . take which wtll lift the curtain, which Mr. Chairman, the people of our own would put on the President of the will let light in on the operations in Rus­ country are now wondering when the United States the responsibility of certi­ sia, and let them see that what we are end will come to the waste, extravagance fying to the United Nations Relief and doing is being . done in. good faith will and squandering of their money. If such Rehabilitation Administration _ that restore confidence and make a very real heavy drains as this one are to be con­ members of the American press could contribution in the over-all picture tinued in the future, then there is no view freely the operations of this great · Also, this amendment as I say does not possible chance for our ·country to re­ relief organization. That responsibility put any burden on the relief organiza.:­ cover, or to survive. With a debt, fol­ the President of the United States and tion as such, it does not require Governor lowing this war, of some $300,000,000,000 the State Department have already as­ Lehman or the relief organization to or more, and with further and greater sumed with respect to the countries in negotiate; it :requires the President to do demands made for more, and even more, which UNRRA is operating. I can certify the negotiating which he through the money for the many and various proj­ to the fact that today in Poland~. in . Secretary of State has already success­ ects presented, all of which will leave us Czechoslovakia, and in Yugoslavia the fully done in the case of Poland, Yugo­ in a state of financial collapse, while members of ·the American press are al­ slavia, and Czechoslovakia thereby let­ other nations will recover from their lowed to enter freely, and within the ting daylight into those countries, much rather small obligations, which are much very limited facilities of transportation, to the benefit of all the nations con­ smaller than our own, and then we are allowed to travel freely and report cerned. wonder what the end will be. without censorship. This amendment to my mind should Today we are facing this issue. It is Who, then, would this amendment ·definitely be passed and become a re­ my hope that our Nation will survive­ affect? It seems to me it is very little quirement of the continued or even the but there come the times when many realized by the Members of the House despair, because the opportunity to go beginning of operations in those par­ that Russia has applied for relief. The ticular sections of Russia. With respect forward and survive are completely Central Soviet Government in Moscow taken away. Yes; we will survive-but to the other amendments that have been first applied for $700,000,000 worth of offered, as has already been pointed out. the pull will be a . tough one, and every relief. At a later date, when the Soviet measure of this character is simply mak­ Government realized that, in order to at the very end of the printed hearings ing it a · harder and a tougher pull to qualify as did other nations for this re­ as they have be·en distributed, Mr. make it. lief, it must submit a financial statement Byrnes, the Secretary of State, has of­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 to show whether or not it was able to pay fered a draft which contains a number of minutes to the gentleman .. from Massa­ the cost of relief itself, and must likewise amendments which he feels would not be chusetts [Mr. HERTER]. sign an agreement to allow a relief cmn.­ burdensome amendments on UNRRA. Mr. HE~TER. Mr. Chairman, at the mission to enter the country, it changed They are identical with those which I outset I want to convey my humble ik tactics. I am not now saying this in offered to the committee some 2 weeks ·thanks to the gentleman from Illinois criticism of Russia in any way. Instead ago; and·while some of them have been [Mr. DIRKSEN], who made very kind re­ ·of applying for relief through -the· centra;! ·incorporated in the bill itself there are marks about the report which I had the .government, the governments of White one or two which I think would be help­ honor to make to this House on October Russia arid of the Ukraine,_.posing as in­ ·ful and they will be offered tomorrow 10 in connection with a visit that I paid dependent nations, made application for when the bill is read for amendment. 10234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 · The purpose of every one of these Supply programs provide for the com­ This is not a political matter. There amendments is to be constructive. I mitment of more than $1,100,000,000 by is no political gain for anyone. There came back from viewing the operations the end of the third quarter, which will confronts us a simple duty as human of this tremendous organization with a exhaust practically all of UNRRA's re­ 'Qeings, and when confronted with this feeling that while there were many sources. To fulfill all these programs cause, my beloved country never fails to things open to criticism both in its past designed to aid the liberated countries to recognize and perform its duty. operations and in 'its present operations, aid themselves, UNRRA will need the I hold no brief for the dereliction of nevertheless it was performing a task of remaining $550,000,000 of the United duty, for administrative errors or· any ' such importance, of such magnitude, States contribution which was author­ other faults that have occurred during that we had no alternative either from a ized by the joint resolution of March 28, the formative days of UNRRA, but it humanitarian point cf view or from the 1944, but which has not yet been appro­ ill becomes anyone fully aware that point of view of our own self-interest priated by the Congress. And so, the these faults have been corrected to trot but to continue to support it and then to matter is before us at this time. them forth now when they serve no good lend whatever influence we have toward I am convinced that this appropriation and can act as no example for the fu­ making it a better operating medium. bill will pass with an overwhelming vote, ture. It is shabby practice to profess The only purpose of these amendments is and I deplore that the Halls of Congress belief in UNRRA and then slyly refer to to perform the latter function. There is should be made the political forum for mistakes which UNRRA itself was the not any desire to obstruct; there is every the beating of the drums, the sounding of first to admit and act at once to correct. desir.e to help with these amendments to the tocsins, and the airing of the brassy­ Will there never be an end to this carry out the fundamental purpose of voiced peanut politician who would use "tongue in cheek" support for great hu­ UNRRA, namely, to distribute relief with­ "t~'le slings and arrows of outrageous for­ manitarian principles? Will there never out regard to race, religion, or political tune" for partisan political bain. Shame be an end to those who speak with a affiliation. on the spokesmen of a party who would forked tongue at all times when the sub­ Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I yield warm their hands over the political fires ject is international in its scope? such time as he may desire to the gen­ fed witl1 the blood, sweat, and tears of The United States of America is satis­ tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FLoon]. suffuing humanity throughout the fied beyond all doubt of the fantastic Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Chairman, I am in world. suffering among our allies. The people favor of the proposed UNRRA legisla­ At this time, Mr. Chairman, I wish to of this country are firm in their desire tion, and I will vote for this appropria­ · pay tribute- to a great American and that their Nation shall show again its tion. It is important to remember that-a brilliant administrator in the field of full measure of devotion to the cause of sense of honor must remain paramount government, 'present chief of · UNRRA, humanity in assisting in the return of in the hearts and minds of the people of and distinguished former governor of happiness and health to all those who the leading nation in the \7orld today­ the great State of New York, Herbert H. were with us in the West and the East. the citizens of the United States of Lehman. Giving freely of his time, his I clo~e with· the words of President America. It is important to realiz~ that money, and his health, and reaching Truman who had this to say in connec­ UNRRA is not an American organization. deep into the well of his great depth of tion with American aid: It is rather, an international organiza­ feeling for humanity, this patriotic It is an American responsibility, not only tion in which the United States of Amer­ American and world citizen has headed to our friends but to ourselves, to see that ica participates with the other member the fine organization that is UNRRA in this job is done and done quickly. nations. Most needs · of the liberated doing the work of Almighty God upon Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chair~an, I yield countries can and will be met from in­ earth. And may I pay tribute to the zeal such time as he may desire to the gen­ digenous resources, but only after they and spirit and the fine ability of the per­ tleman from Arizona [Mr. MURDOCiiJ. receive the relief and rehabilitation sup­ sonnel of UNRRA with whom I have had Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Chairman, the plies needed from abroad to start the considerable contacts. After weeding proposed amendment which will be wheels of industry and agriculture turn­ out the misfits and malcontents that are, offered in· due time by the gentleman ing again. of necessity, found in any great organi­ from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN J, or some UNRRA has been subject to the same zation in its early days, the men and other gentleman, as one of the so-called scurrilous attacks and vicious spreading women of UNRRA today are a credit to free-press amendments, rather appealed of false rumors that was characteristic of their organization and to their country. to me at first. Having just listened to the attack made by certain elements in I have no patience'for the abuse and two gentlemen explain the effect and the early days of lend-lease. · Each of criticism directed at the good people of purpose of such amendment, I have been these rumors has been tracked down and the Vlashington office of UNRRA, who turning over in my mind the real· value found to be without merit. This fact work day and night to carry out the pur­ of such proposals, but having listened to versus fiction story unmasked the de­ poses of the parent organization. And I the reading of the letter from Governor tractors of the great lend-lel:l-se program think particular praise is merited today Lehman, presented by the gentleman and now UNRRA finds it necessary to de­ by the chiefs of the personnel section from Indiana, I am fearful that it would nounce the same traducers and give the and their immediate associates for their be a mistake to force this condition of lie to these wishers of evil and these tireless efforts to sift the chaff from the a so-called free press upon the distressed doers of harm. wheat in performing this tremendous nations of the world as a price of our Among the many false charges made task of recruiting the right people for furnishing them relief. No one values against UNRRA are those directed the right job at the right time; I do not a free press more than I do, and no one against its finances. The financial pro­ hesitate in saying that those who attack wants the full light of publicity turned gram under wll..ich UNRRA operates rec­ them could not even approximate their upon all the doing of UNRRA in every ommends that each uninvaded country success. nook and Granny of the world, where it contribute to UNRRA an amount equiva­ Napoleon is supposed to have stated operates, more than I do myself, but cer­ that an army marches on its stomach. tainly Governor Lehman's explanation lent to 1 percent of its national income in that letter against it is a very con­ for the year ending June 30, 1943. In Certainly the health, welfare, and hap­ piness of a people hungry and destitute vincing one. What is the alternative? addition, it recommends that all coun­ We are told that Governor Lehman tries, including those invaded, contribute is in a precarious state. Hunger, desti­ and other officials of UNRRA . admitted to the administrative expenses of tution, sick;ness, and disease will breed that there have been many mistakes UNRRA. As of June 30, 1945, UNRRA unrest and the specter of communism. made and some waste of this precious had made requests upon supplying Gov­ Hungry people are fertile fields for the fund heretofore. Wasteful extravagance ernments to deliver relief and rehabili­ philosophies of the anti-Christ arid for in the handling of relief funds and the tation and to provide shipping and other those who would make God of the om­ affairs of UNRRA is far worse than a cor­ services amounting to $773,009,000. To nipotent state. responding waste in militafy matters meet these obligations it had available If you say to me, "Am I my brother's would be, unless in both cases the waste­ contributions amounting to $1,265,632,- keeper?" I direct your attention to the fulness robbed human life, and because 533, while an additional $23,013,050 had condition of your brother steeped in the of it, increased human suffering. This been appropriated but had been deferred tragedy that cloaks the rest of the world fund .is a sacred fund. The handling of until 1946 and 1947. today. l'he answer can only be "Yes." it is a sacred trust. The money of this 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-c-HOUSE 10235 fund is blood money, in more than one setts EMr. HERTER], who by rea,son of his Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 7 respect. It is blood money, taxed from experience in Mr. Hoover's food organi­ minutes to the gentleman from Illinois the American people, furnished through zation 25 years ago, is peculiarly equipped [Mr. MCMILLEN]. their sweat and blood. It is blood money to advise the House regarding some of Mr. McMILLEN of Illinois. Mr. Chair­ alw if it is misused and diverted from the the practical phases of this program. I man, I desire to state my reasons for mission of mercy to relieve human suffer­ am sure the fact that the committee does supporting and voting for a further ap­ ing on which the donors have sent it. not agree with all of his recommenda­ propriation for the United Nations Relief Therefore, I insist that we have more tions will not obscure the outstandingly and Rehabilitation Administration. than an expression of good intent on the constructive service he rendered in sub­ I spent 6 weeks in July and August of part of those administering the fund. mitting a report of observations on his this past summer in Bavaria, Germany, There must be a careful check. However, recent trip to areas where relief is being Italy, Greece, and Austria. I traveled it would seem to me that that careful administered. I am glad to join my with no committee and desired to make check ought to be by the authority of our friend the gentleman from Illinois EMr. unfettered and personal observations of Government. I would not rely upon the DIRKSEN] in this tribute to our colleague the conditio~s in these countries and to inspection of the agents of UNRRA, ex­ even though I am not convinced as to the learn what the natives and others were clusively, but I would have a check and wisdom of the gentleman's amendment. thinking about. I hoped that the in­ double check by qualified officials who The responsible officials of UNRRA formation obtained in this way would would have no interest other than to state that it is the purpose of the organ­ assist me in voting a little more intelli­ safeguard ·the fund and see that it is ization to "help ·people to help them­ gently on legislation in Congress having used as a sacred trust. It may be that selves"-that is the proper philosophy to do with our relationship with these some nations would object to throwing and unless we llave faith in the capacity countries. wide their doors to our press correspond­ of those we are helping to again develop After leaving Kaufbeuren, Germany, ents, when this is forced upon them as a self-sustaining populations, the future which is located in the American-occu­ condition of receiving relief, but that would look very dismal indeed. pied sector of G2rmany, I was given a could not apply to an inspection by au­ Tile food requirements of vast popula­ military permit which provided trans­ thorized agents of our Government as to tions are staggering. If America were to portation, escorts, and interpreters in the expenditure and use of UNRRA double its food production and were to making my investigation. Permission funds. I agree that the American people send all of -the added supply abroad we was granted to go wherever I wished, ought to know how faithfully the work still could net bring all of the distressed stay as long as I desired, and make such has been done in carrying out this great nations up to minimum nutritional inquiries as I saw fit without any re­ humanitarian mission of our Nation. standards. The only hope is in the con­ strictions whatsoever. Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I yield structive assistance that enables them to I intended to visit my son over the 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ar­ bring out of their own soil as a· result of week end who was stationed at Kauf­ kansas [Mr. HAYS]. their own efforts the food with which to beuren with the Eightieth Division af Mr. HAYS. Mr. Chairman, I regard sustain life and the other things that are the Third Army, but remained there sev­ this as one of the most important bills elemental i: t human existence. eral .days visiting screening camps, dis·­ that the House will be called upon to I hope that when action on this ap­ placed-persons centers, and the natives consider in this session of the Congress. propriation shall have been completed it of this locality. Through interpreters I In my judgment, the people of the coun­ will reflect not a grudging contribution talked to soldiers who were the remnants try are supporting this appropriation. to allay the restlessness of hungry people of the German Army in screening camps We have no right, as guardians of public but rather that magnanimity which is and furthermore visited a camp that was funds, to vote this large appropriation in our best tradition. Unless our hearts retaining 19 German generals, 1 even though the need might appear to are in this action it is scarcely more than admiral, and about 20 high political us to be very great, unless the taxpayers a gesture, but if we can, by exerting our­ prisoners. I saw and talked to Poles, themselves in providing the revenue evi­ selves, find a way to prove to those whom Ukrainians, and White Russians in dis­ dence their personal interest in the prob­ we aid that the gift reflects a deep con­ placed persons centers cccupied by men, lem and their desire to relieve the suf­ cern for human welfare and a desire to women, and children. I traveled from fering that exists in the world. conserve human life we will have acted Brenner Pass to Naples, Italy, by auto­ The idea of its dual purpose: First, to in the true spirit of American leadership mobile, then to Greece and Athens and stabiliz2 social conditions and thus serve and res.ourcefulness. finally back to Vienna. our national interest through the elimi­ The tendency, in a period like this I visited few historical monuments and nation of di.~: content and consequent when we have done so much for other . was little entertained, qsing my time in threats to peace; and, second, advancing peoples our greatest service being to save observing the condition §.nd.mental atti­ the cause of humanitarianism in a world their freedom, is to retreat to problems tude of these people. Knowledge was that is full of suffering and destitution, of domestic concern. The problems at gained from American officers, the has been well presented. We are indeed home are difficult, but we would betray ·natives, and others ·with whom I talked. serving our own interests in rendering cur better natures ii we neglected the . It was my purpose to get down to a lower this aid, and the appropriation_can be world's greatest distress and failed to level than an ordinary traveler for my fully justil'ie<:l from that standpoint. I respond in the most unselfish spirit to study. ho-pe, however, that it will not have the the plea for aid. The response would be The people residing, and remaining in principal emphasis. This action is sig­ just what it ought to be if the people these countries were hungry, dirty, and nificant because it represents our desire were fully advised as to the extent of had to a considerable extent lost their to help stricken people, not ourselves. · suffering. In spite of the peace -this is common morals on account of the reper- While we should avoid magnifying the still an unhappy world, and only the very . cussions and devastations of war. I con­ size of this appropriation, we could not selfish can be indifferent to that fact. . eluded that tens of thousands of men, in fairness to the American people rep­ It seems to me that it is -the obligation women, and children would perish this resent that no sacrifices ·are involved in · of the Congress to tell the people that winter from lack of food and fuel unless the broad program of helping distressed this appropriation of their money, help in addition to their own resources humanity in the various undertakings money provided· by the taxpayers often was furnished to them. both governmenta and private in the with hardship,. is in line with our inter­ I first was not allowed to go into present crisis. Five hundred and fifty pretation of their desire to be construc­ Vienna but finally was granted permis- million dollars is a lot of money, and tively helpful and generous, even to the . sion and found that the conditions there this plus the millions being subscribed by point of inconvenience and sacrifice, if were the most serious of any. At this voluntary organizations for relief work nec~ssary, to allay the suffering that -is time I was the only Congressman to have throughout the world should be· an s.m­ abroad in the world. The appropriation visited this city. This is an example of ple demonstration that the ·American sho-uld be made Hs an emergency action •· what I found. My son who was per­ people are still sensitive to hunger and - without hesitation and without an at- . mitted to go · to Vienna with me had two want wherever they exist. - tempt to bring it exclusively within the · Viennese boys under his command in I have been impressed by the fine state­ · sphere of our own national well-being. · -Bavaria whose-parents lived in Vienna, ment presented to the House orr·october The CHAIRMAN. The time of the - and from whom they had heard nothing 10 by the gentleman from Massactm- gentleman from Arkansas has expired. - · for several months. --These boys gave us 10236 CONGRESSIO~AL .RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 letters in the hope that we might deliver to such con.ditions. It is now too late an understandii1g tha~ UNRRA and the them to their parents. We did not find and time does not permit for delay-we .military will use their facilities to deliver them in our first day of traveling around cannot rescue the ship but we can pro­ those articles of relief that are donated through the American and Russian sec­ ·vide life belts for the passengers. ·by citizens of the United States. It ought tor of Vienna. The next morning while We must furnish food, fuel, and to be done. I was otherwise eng~ged my son searched enough of our enormous number of 2%­ Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, will the and finally found the parents of one of ton trucks now over there for transport­ gentleman yield? the boys living on the third floor of a ing supplies which can be made possible Mr. CURTIS. I yield. respectable looking apartment house. by proper appropriation. Also, reason­ Mr. STEFAN. I think the gentleman These people were intelligent and .re­ able help should be provided in securing has made a very fine contribution. I spectable citizens of Vienna. Their per­ seed, fertmzer, and some machinery in . think most Members of the House have sonal belongings and most of the fur­ planting their crops next spr.ing. I received letters from their constituency nishings of their apartment had been greatly doubt if further help should be requesting assistance in sending some carried away by members of the Red provided. At least this is as far as we packages to their relatives, in many cases army. They had no fagots for fuel and should go at this time. I am not inter­ the relatives being American women .little food and because of their weakened ested at this moment in the industrial married to foreigners, and so on, in condition were both tmable to forage for rehabilitation within the power of Czechoslovakia and elsewhere. I think themselves for more than was being ra­ UNRRA, but only in those things neces­ this supplemental help should be ac­ tioned by the Russian authorities. sary to keep the body and soul of these cepted by UNRRA. The average American consumes about people together. It is just a humane Mr. CURTIS. Yes. They are people 3,300 calories a day. The Geneva con­ matter. who are well able to help their parents vention contemplates that prisoners of It would be tragic indeed if a war to or other relatives who are living in Eu­ war should receive a minimum of 2,500 end injustice should culminate in visit­ rope. They would be glad to do it. They calories of food per day. The informa­ ing additional hardship upon these do not want the American taxpayer to tion was that these respected Viennese unfortunate victims. The world cannot have to do it. Yet they are denied an people were each receiving only 800 justly deny these people a right to live­ opportunity to send that help. calories of food per day eaten cold for a place on this earth where they can Mr. HAYS. Mr. Chairman, will the lack of fuel and this allowance prevailed just live until the sun m3,y shine a: little gentleman yield? in Vienna. The normal weight of the brighter next spring. Mr. CURTIS. I am glad to yield. mother of this boy was 130 pounds. She If we are to fulfill our responsibilities Mr. HAYS. I understand that some then weighed only 75 pounds. as a great .and prosperous democratic of the church relief organizations, such The father, a former colonel in the people, we must act before it is too late. as the Church of the Brethren, for ex­ Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield ample, which has a large rural constitu­ Hapsburg army, wa~ likewise emaciated. Both were slowly dying. Unless this con­ 5 minutes to the gentleman from Ne­ ency, are doing a very notable work in dition is changed in Vienna thousands braska [Mr. CURTIS]. sending livestock for the foundation will die in the winter now approaching. Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Chairman, we live herds of some of these stricken countries. They had been looted of their food and in a period of time when it seems to I know something of the work that has livestock, jewelry, furniture, and ma­ be the fashionable thing to do to lay all been done by the local congregation, for chinery by the Red Army in leaving that of our burdens on the Government. example, of the Church of the Brethren, country. The Russians justified this ac­ Things that individuals and societies and through conversations with their leaders. tion as retribution for the same being organizations ought to do are turned over I wonder if that should not be encour­ done to them by these Austrians and the to the Government. It seems to me that aged and if that is not in support of what Germans in the drive of the German in addition to whatever aid UNRRA can the gentleman is saying. Army to near Moscow a couple of years deliver to the peoples of the world the . Mr. CURTIS. I would like to have the previous. Similar conditions prevail in way ought to be clear so that individuals, gentleman inform me how that transpor­ the other countries where I traveled. churches, and charitable organizations tation is being arranged and to whom it is I made no special study of UNRRA as can send food, clothing, and medicines to consigned and who sees that it gets there. it was being operated in a limited way in these distressed people. I thinlt it is a good thing. Of course, I these countries but I continually heard It has been my experience in recent have no quarrel with the gentleman. adverse criticism from both Americans weeks to receive many requests from citi­ Mr. HAYS. I can supply the full in­ and natives. I have no brief for UNRRA. zens of the United States who want to formation on it. I think in view of the It has made too many inexcusable mis­ send packages to their relatives in Eu­ gentleman's comment that this is being takes. There is however no other avail­ rope, but are not permitted to do so. I . restrained in some way that it should able organization now to carry on the realize that one of the great obstacles be supplied. I agree thoroughly with necessary relief and rehabilitation for preventing a citizen of this country from what the gentleman is saying about the the cold months to come among these sending a package of medicine and food need of this voluntary help. · people. We must use this organization· to his relatives in Czechoslovakia, for Mr. CURTIS. There is . no place as best we can to rescue them from instance, is the matter of transportation, where you can take a package and have misery and death this winter. While it but certainly if UNRRA or the military it delivered to someone in Europe, even may be true that the overlords of these could provide the transportation it would thought you pay the transportation people may divert and misdirect a part lessen their burdens and relieve the Pub­ charges. of this relief and use it to establish a lic Treasury. After all, it does not take The CHAIRMAN. The time of the philosophy of government to which. we any more transportation facilities to gentleman from Nebraska has expired. do not subscribe, but the people should carry 100 pounds of material that is paid Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield not be the victims of such circumstances. for by a source other than the Treasury two additional minutes to the gentleman We should look at it from a humanitarian of the United. States than it does to trans­ from Nebraska. viewpoint and will respect ourselves more port that much material that the tax­ Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, will in doing so. We should spare some of payers have to pay for. Why should not the gentleman yield? our luxuries for the mere necessities that a citizen of the United States be allowed Mr. CURTIS. I am glad to yield. will save so many of these unfortunate to send help to his relatives in Czecho­ Mr. RABAUT. For the gentleman's people from death. In doing so, we will slovakia? information, I refer him to page 64 of obtain the unforgettable friendship from I think YJe are missing a great chance the hearings wherein I brought up the those who are relieved. to spread good will around the world very subject to which he refers, because If conditions were not so desperate I when individuals, our churches, and the St. Vincent de Paul Society of the would agree that the provisos suggested charitable organizations are denied an Catholic Church, which is a charitable by the gentleman from Massachusetts opportunity to feed the starving people organization which has been in opera­ [Mr. HERTER] in his speech to the House of the world, and when they are denied tion in this country for 100 years, this a few days ago on amendments proposed an opportunity to send medicines, cloth­ year, has been attempting to assist in its as to liberty of press,and financial state­ ing, and food to these distressed people. charitable works in , Europe and were ments, but the countries controlled by Mr. Chairman, before this money is unable to get their supplies abroad. I Russia will not be permitted to agree turned over to UNRRA we ought to have b~ought up the question and I note in ~945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10237

the fine print on page 64 where they SALARIES AND OTHER INCOME OF PERSONNEL OJ' 3 ~t $9,000 per annum; 13 at $8,000 per show in what manner this may be done. UNRRA annum; 15 at $7,000 per annum; 58 at The gentleman makes a very good point Shortly after the measure setting up $6,000 per annum; and so forth. and I am very glad that he brought it up. UNRRA was passed I succeeded · ob­ In the budget personnel services, Mr. HERTER. Mr. Chairman, will taining a schedule of the rates of pay of Bureau of Areas, there is l at $12,000 the gentleman yield? the personnel of UNRRA headquarters per annum; 4 at $8,000 per annum; 13 Mr. CURTIS. I yield. office. I had great difficulty in obtaining at $7,000 per annum;· 12 at $6,000 per Mr. HERTER. In connection with verification by Mr. Lehman's office of my annum; 9 at $5 ,000 per annum; and so the excellent ·point which the gentle­ figures. When I first approached that forth. man has brought up, I think you would office on the matter of obtaining certain In the budget personnel services, be interested to know that many of the figures and verifying others I was frankly Bureau of Supply, there is 1 at $12,00:1 leading charitable societies in the coun­ told that UNRRA was an international per annum; 1 at $11,500 per annum; 1 at try today are trying to work out a pack­ organization and in substance that it was $9,000 per annum; 13 at $8,000 per age system to give the very aid which in no way obliged to furnish Congress­ annum; 27 at $7,000 per annum; and so the gentleman has in mind. They are men any information relating to it. forth. planning, as presently ~onsidered, to After a lot of maneuvering, and when Italian mission observers: 4 at $7,000 purchase from the Army roughly $33,- UNRRA office realized that I was in pos­ per annum; 7 at $6,000 per annum; 3 at 000,000 worth of 10-in-1 rations which session of the salary schedule, I was .$5 .000 per annum; and so forth. are beautifully packaged and which are finally successful in persuading Mr. Leh­ Typical salaries paid by the United surplus and can be distributed by pur­ man's office to verify the pay schedule Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad­ chase here and through delivery to in­ which had been furnished me. ministration to its officials and em­ dividuals at the other end and would be But before going into these salaries I ployees: Public information officer, $10,- available in all sections of Europe. should like to· call the attention of the 000; assistant, $9,000; assistant, $8,000; Mr. CURTIS. Can the gentleman tell committee to a situation which reveals financial adviser~ $10,000; two assistants, me what is being done to enable a per­ that the salaries as listed by the United $6,000; general counsel, $10,000; assist­ son in this country to have something Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad­ ant, $8,000; assistant, $7,000; libr1'!XY and delivered to a specific person in Europe? ministration are not the real ones which reports chief, $7,000; historian, $5,000; Mr. HERTER. These.packages would they receive. -and so forth. be delivered to a specific person, but they In Director General Lehman's Septem­ But the income of the United Nations would be standard packages. The dif­ ber 194.4 report, he states the following: Relief and Rehabilitation Administration ficulty of getting separate packages One of these special benefits is the provi­ employees does not only comprise the transported and then finding delivery dent fund, which ts intended to solve the amount of their salaries plus 7% percent. service at the other end is very much problem of interruption of pension rights -In addition they receive liberal allow­ more than is the case with a standard caused by taking employment with the ad­ .ances when they are in countries other ministration and to provide a form of sever­ package. ance compensation because of the temporary than their ccuntry of. residence. The CHAIRMAN. The time of .the character of the administration's operations. Referring again to Mr. Lehman's Sep­ gentleman from Nebraska has expired. This fund is made up of deductions of 5 per­ tember 1944, report: Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield cent from the salary of each employee plus A system of per d:em allowances has also the balance of the time to the gentle­ an additional 7% percent contributed by the be~n devised for employees of the Adminis­ -man from Ohio [Mr. SMITHL administration, the total to be available to tration who are sent to countries other than Mr. SMITH of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, the employee upon leaving the administra­ their country of residence. Under this sys­ there is no question in my mind that tion with an honorable record after at least tem allowances are paid to defray the dif­ 6 months of service. ference between the average current out-of­ the international organization known as pocket expense at the employee's post of UNRRA was never intended to be a relief Thus it will be seen that the true sal­ duty and the comparable expense that would organization. It so happens that I had aries are 7¥2 percent higher than shown have been incurred in his country of resi­ the opportunity to spend some time at on the books of this agency. dence or at the office from which he is as­ Hot Springs, Va., where I saw this or­ For example, Director General Leh­ signed. In addition a modest allowance is ganization spring into being. The con­ man's annual salary is not $15,000, as the paid to all such employees who are com­ ference at Hot Springs was not a food people have been led to believe, but pelled to maintain a separate establishment conference. Food was merely a mask $15,000 plus 7¥2 percent of this amount, fo:· their families while they are away from their country of residence. The size of these to cover up the real purpose of the as­ or $16,125. Whether or not Mr. Lehman allowances varier with the circumstances. semblage, The fundamental objective intends to take any of the salary allowed of the Hot Springs conference was to him, and I understand he has not taken Nothing, however, is said in the report lay the foundation stones for an inter­ any up to now, this does not affect the as to the amount of per diem allowance national governmental body. point under discussion, since it is the rate UNRRA employees in the field are to re­ UNRRA has been foisted upon the of pay fixed for the person holding the ceive. The following shows what those United States in the name of a benevo­ office of Director General which sets the allowances amount to: lent governmental agency whose work standard. His assistant, whose salary is Single persons stationed at Cairo, Egypt, was to be that of mercy. Instead it is, listed as $14,000, actually receives receive an allowance not to exceed $3.50 per in my judgment, an international racket $15,050. I shall return to the 7¥2-per­ day. Married persons stationed at Cairo, of the first water. I am measuring my cent bonus later. Egypt, receive an allowance not to exceed words. I know what was done by Amer­ Let us now look at a few samples of $7.50 per day, including $4 separation allow- ica after the other war for the hungry salary schedules of this agency, keeping . ance. If food is provided free in Cairo, the above rates will be reduc~d $3.50 per day. :.md naked in the stricken areas. Let in mind, however, that 7¥2 percent of If lod.gir.g is provided in Cairo, free, the above any one compare the two programs and each salary must be added to it to reflect rates will be reduced $2 50 per day. decide for themselves. Later I shall the true amount received. ~t me re­ However, the maximum reduction for free make a comparison to show the small peat that all of these items were made food and lodging shall not exceed $3.50 per cost of operating the program of relief available finally with the greatest reluc­ day. · that w.as carried out after World War I tance by the office of the Director Single persons stationed at Mahdi, E3ypt, with the cost of UNRRA. Suffice it, for General. are supplied with free food and lodging. Married persons st~ tioned at Mabdi, Egypt, the moment, to say that the difference is In the budget for UNRRA headquar­ are supplied with free food and lodging plus so great as to constitute a disgrace. ters office there is one at $15,000 per $4 per day separation allowance. Examine the figures and decide for your­ annum. This refers, of course, to the · Single persol}s stationed at Cairo or Mahdi self. Director Ganeral, Mr. Lehman. One at while away from post of duty on official busi­ The personne: of the UNRRA organ­ $14,000 per annum; 5 at $12,000 per ness in Egypt or other countries in the Near ization undoubtedly receive the highest annum; 1 at $11,500 per annum; 7 at East receive an allowance not to exceed $9 salaries ever paid to any governmental per day. Married persons stationed at Cairo $10,000 per annum; 5 at $9,000 per or Mahdi while away from post of duty on agency. I am inserting data showing the annum; 28 at $8,000 per annum; and so ofticial business in Egypt or other countries in income of those employees. Look them forth. the Near East receive an allowance of not to over and decide for yourself whether my Now under Budget for Balkan Mis­ exceed $12 per day (including $3 separation statement is correct. sions there is 1 at $9,500 per annum; allowance). Such persons will not receive XCI--645 10238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 the per diem allowance attributable to their turning the. temporary emp!oyees out of office was 1,339, \vith a total annual salary being stationed at Cairo or Mahdi while away the Government without giving them the rate of $1,705,722, or an average annual from such station traveling on official busi­ same consideration as is given UNRRA ~alary of $1,274.83. ness. employees? The number of employees in the States I should like to state that when I :first Or does Mr. Lehman's line of reason­ eventually reached a total of about 9,000. inquired at the United Nations Relief ing go so far as to presume that the per­ The number of volunteers in the States and Rehabilitation headquarters office sonnel provided to take the place of Fed­ reported about December 1, 1918, as 7,984. about these allowances and stated the eral employees who have gone over to On this date there were in the States amounts it was flatly denied that any UNRRA are to be retained permanently only 1,583 paid employees. such amounts were received. It was only in the employ of the Federal Govern- The total expenditures for food admin­ when they realized at that office that I . ment and that the UNRRA employees istration were $7,862,669 over the 2-year was in possession of the regulations set­ who were taken from the Federal pay period from August' 1917 to July 1919. ting up these schedules of allowances roll are also to retain a permanent This included the cost of temporary that they admitted my :figures were cor­ status of employment with the Federal buildings-still in use by the Govern­ rect. Government? Or just what is Mr. Leh­ ment-and $1,236,377 for printing and I am informed that these allowances man's line of reasoning? binding. are in many, if not most cases, sufficient Furthermore, how many United States The amount paid for services of per­ to pay for lodging, meals, and so forth, citizens in the employ of UNRRA were manent and temporary employees in the so that no resort need to be had to the taken from the Federal pay roll? Why Relief Administration from August 1917 salaries for these purposes. should the taxpayers of the United States to July 1919 was $3 ,793,000. The 7%-perGent bonus which UNRRA pay this bonus to the hundreds of for­ It is seen from the above totals of sal­ provides for its employees needs special eigners employed in this organization? aries that the annual budget for the ad­ treatment. As stated in the Director There just is no justification for this ministration of UNRRA and before this General's report for September 1944 the 7%-percent provision. It seems to me agency had actually started operations "provident fund" is made up of deduc­ that the persons responsible for setting was more than three times greater than tions of 5 percent from the salary of up this arrangement, and Mr. Lehman the annual amount paid for salaries in each employee plus an additional 7 '12 must assume the principal responsibility connection with the United States Food percent contributed by the Administra­ because he is the Director General of Administration. tion, the total to be available to the UNRRA, simply saw an opportunity Further, the average annual salary employee upon leaving the Adminis­ whereby they could by this devious pro­ rate for UNRRA employees at Washing­ tration with an honorable record after cedure extract what looks to me like un­ ton headquarters, on the basis of the data at least 6 months of service. I know of earned income from the taxpayers for shown above, is three times greater than no authority or precedent that can jus­ the benefit of a privileged group of em­ was that of the United States Food Ad­ tify this arrangement. Civil service per­ ployees. ministration employees. sonnel in the employ of the Federal Gov­ Why was it necessary to set up a train­ It should also be borne in mind that ernment are not provided with anything ing center at the University of Maryland the value of supplies handled by the of this sort. They cannot draw out any and at other points, London and Cairo, to United States Food Administration was part of the Government's contribution to teach UNRRA employees foreign lan­ greatly in excess of $4,000,000,000, while the retirement fund except in the form guages, regional orientation, history, and the total sum that is to be made avail­ of retirement benefits after the age of re­ background of international aid, to per­ able to UNRRA is only about $2,200,- tirement and even then only if they form the simple task of handing out 000 ,000. have had 5 or more years of service. bread to the starving? What nonsense By no stretch of the imagination, in Mr. Lehman says that this arrange­ this might be considered to be, were it not my judgment, can the claim be substan­ ment "is intended to solve the problem so tragic. To dissipate and misuse funds tiated that UNRRA has any of the char­ of interruption of pension rights caused voted for relief for these anomalous pur­ acteristics of an agency of mercy, or that by taking up employment with the Ad­ poses is, in my opinion, nothing short of it can possibly engender good will among ministration and to provide a form of a crime. the nations. The high salaries and in­ severance compensation because of the Just from the angle of conserving our come and the outright gift of 7% percent temporary character of the Administra­ resources and to maintain the integrity which the organization provides for its tion's operations." and structure of our economy such mis­ members, condemns it as the cheapest The presumption is that UNRRA em­ application of funds is not allowable. kind of political racket, so far as I am ployees are taken out of essential Gov­ The United States had a most success­ concerned. ernment employment and that they are ful experience in providing aid to war­ It should be abolished forthwith and expected to return to their former jobs stricken peoples following the other war. not another cent appropriated for it. when the work of this organization has Let me review briefly some of the high This is a task of mercy, not exploitation, been ended. Surely this is a false prem­ points relating to that experience. The and it should be undertaken by ~hose ise unless it is intended that the employ­ data which I shall· present were taken who have demonstrated a genuine inter­ ees ·brought into the Governme~t for the from Surface, American Food in the est in this sphere. war emergency are to be retained there World War, and Reconstruction, and There are in the United States many permanently, which, whether true or Mellendorf's History of the United States men who are fully capable of managing not, Mr. Lehman would hardly argue is Food Administration. a real program of relief, who would be the case. But even so, this line of rea­ It is my understanding that the United glad to take the job and do it gratis, as soning has another flaw in it. If the em­ States Food Administrator served during was done in World War I. And the right ployees of UNRRA, we are speaking only the other war and armistice, without pay, man could get all the vounteers he needs of citizens of the United States, are to be except $1 per year. to help him in this work, as was also done considered as permanent employees of As head of the Commission for Relief in the other war. That kind, and only the Federal Government, that they have in Belgium, the United States Food Ad­ that kind, can perform the real task of only been temporarily separated from it, ministrator and Director General for Re­ mercy in ministering to the starving. who is taking the place of those persons lief from 1914 to 1919 directed the ship­ That kind and only that kind can en­ in the Federal Government? Is Mr. ment and distribution of more than 30,- gender good will among all men. Lehman's proposition predicated on the 000,000 metric tons of grain, flour, sugar, To answer your question spzci:fically, assumption that the persons replacing forage, pork, milk, clothing, medical sup­ Mr. LUDLOW, I would say that we have those taken from the Federal Govern­ plies, and other related iten~s to our allies the example of how this was done in the ment to be employed by UNRRA are to and the hungry and needy of the war­ other war. have only a temporary employment stricken countries of Europe. The total Let us set up an agency of that kind status and that the UNRRA employees was valued at more than $4,000,000,000. and do away with this grandiose bureau­ are to have their old jobs back in the On December 1, 1918. the total number cratic program which is a disgrace, in Government? If so, how does he justify of paid employees in the Washington my opinion, to nations throughout the 1945 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10239 world. That is the way I feel, honestly ~UDGET PERSONNEL SERVICES, BUREAU OF S:tJPPLY Four subsection chiefs, clothing divislon, and earnestly. One at $12,000 per annum. $6,000 each. · One at $11,500 per annum. Industrial equipment chief, $8,000. I want to help these people. I ha-p­ Assistant, $7,000. pened to study on the Continent for One at e9,000 per annum. Thirteen at $8,000 per annum. Three assistants, $6,000 each. nearly a year some time after the other Twenty-seven at $7,000 per annum. Bureau of Areas, chief, $12,000. war. I saw in the clinics the aftermath Thirty-two at $6,000 per annum. Assistant, $9,000. of undernourishment which came about Twenty at -$5,000 per annum. Three subsection chiefs, $7,000 each. as the result of that conflict. I saw Eight at $4,500 per annum;· One subsection chief, $6,000. those children growing up with rickets, Four at $4,000 per annum. One subsection chief, $5,000. Six at $3,600 per annum. Recruiting representatives (six or seven of where you could easily tell the cause of them) salaries range from $6,745 to $5,662 to their affliction-undernourishment. Eleven at $3,200 per annum. Fifteen at $2,800 per annum. $4,795 each. I studied the charts in the tuberculosis Forty-three at $2,400 per annum. The CHAIRMAN. · The time of the wards and saw how the infection and ~wenty-seven at $2,200 per annum. mortality rate rose as undernourishment Three at $2,000 per annum. gentleman from Ohio has expired. increased. One at ·$1,620 per annum. Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I yield I want your committee to understand Total, $938,520. such time as he may desire to the gen­ that I want this work of mercy done, but Notable in this budget are the numerous tleman from California [Mr. DoYLE]. I want it to be a work of mercy, and, as I small offices, or subdivisions, consisting of Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Chairman, I am in said before, not a work of exploitation,' from 3 to 10 persons, usually 1 at eight or favor of approval of this additional ap­ seven thousand, 1 at six or five thousand propriation for United Nations Relief and I cannot conceive of this being any­ with a secretary; also high salaries paid to thing else but the latter. and Rehabilitation, for fiTst, because it analysts for analysis of seeds, for analysis will be carrying out_in good faith our UNRRA ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP SHOWING of poultry, for analysis of containers. Sal­ commitment with the other UNR.RA na­ BASE R ATES OF PAY OF OFFICIALS AND EM· aries of five, six, and seven thousands. tions. Second, this money is needed by PLOYEES, PERSONNEL, ETC.-EMPLOYEES As­ ITALIAN MISSIO:t-' OBSERVERS . our world neighbors in Europe to help SIGNED ABROAD RECEIVE CERTAIN ADDITIONAL Four at $7,000 per annum. ALLOWANCEs--THE DATA ARE SUBSTANTIALLY prevent death and disease from starva­ Seven at $6,000 per annum. tion, hunger, and privation brought ACCURATE, SUFFICIENTLY SO, AT LEAST, FOB Three at $5,000 per annum. THE PURPOSE OF ILLUSTRATION about by this world war. Third, it is One at $2,800 per annum. BUDGET FOR UNP..ItA HEADQUARTERS OFFICE One at $2,400 per annum. the humanitarian thing to do; it is the American way to act. Fourth, it is doing One at $15.000 per annum. Total, $90,200. One at $14,000 per annum. Part of the Director General's staff con­ by others as we would have them to do Five at $12,000 per annum. sists of an office of public information staffed for us; it is the application of the only One at $11,500 per annum. by~ - enduring rule of human conduct which Seven at $10,000 per annum. One at $10,000 per annum. will eventually prevent other world wars. Five at $9,000 per annum. One at $7,200 per annum. Fifth, t-here is no other source from Twenty-eight at $8,000 per :..nnum. Three at $7,000 per annum. . which this ne.::essary food and clothing Fifty-two at $7,000 per annum. T~o at ¢6,300 per annum. One at $6,000 per annum. and warmth for this winter for these Sixty-nine at $6,000 per annum. hundreds of thousands of starving men, ­ Forty-five at $5,000 per annum. One at $5,300 per annum, Twenty-three at $4,500 per annum. One at $3,900 per annum. women, and children, can come. Sixth, Sixteen at $4,000 per annum. One at $3,600 per annum. this act of ·making good on our agreed Thirty-five at $3,600 per annum. One at $2,500 per annum. commitments with UNRRA partners will Forty-eight at $3,200 per annum. Four at $2,400 per annum. not only give relief; it will be a definite Forty-one at $2,800 per annum. Two at $2,260 per annum. stepping stone to establishing these Eu­ Forty at $2,000 per annum. . Including chief of visual media at $7,000; ropean neighbors of ours toward their One hundred and nine at $2,400 per annum. chief of radio, $7,000; chief of organized groups, $7,000. own independent rehabilitation and will One hundred and nine at ~2 , 000 ~er annum. give them time and opportunity to plant Twenty at $1,800 per annum. Total, $86,220. and grow and produce at least the be­ Fifteen at $1,620 per annum. TYPICAL SALARIES PAI D BY THE UNRRA TO ITS Total, $2,624,000. OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES ginning of their· own home-grown agri­ cultural products and foods. BUDGEI' FOR BALKAN MISSIONS Public information officer, $10,000. Assistant, $9.000. Expression of opinion and desire from One at $9,500 per annum. the Eighteenth Congressional District of Three -at $9,000 per annum. Assistant,· $8,000. Thirteen at $8,000 per aimum. Financial adviser, $10,000. my native State of California to me has Fifteen at $7,000 per annum. Two assistants, $6,000. been almost unanimous in approval of Fifty-eight at $6,000 per annum. General cou~1sel, $10,000. voting these additional and already One hundred and thirty-five at $5,000 per Assistant, $8,000. pledged funds. I am glad it is so for it annum. Assistant, $7,000. demonstrates that which I have always Fifty-five at $4,500 per annum. Library and reports chief, $7,000. known, which is that the people of Cali­ One hundred and eighteen at $4,000 per Historian, $5,000. Welfare division director, $10,000. fornia are not greedy or selfish or un·­ annum. mindful of the needs and deserts of their Ten at $3,600 per annum. Deputy, ·$8,000. Nineteen at $3,200 per annum. Chief of studies, $7,000. European neighbors. Fourteen at $2,800 per annum. TWo special assistants, $.7,000. With reference to the proposed amend­ Forty-two at $2,400 per annum. One associate, '$6,000. ment from the minority side, limiting the . Total, ~2,226,800. Treasurer, $10,000 • terms and conditions under which this Assistant, $8,000. BUDGET PERSONNEL SERVICES, BUREA1J OF AREAS ·Bureau of Finance--Disbursing officer, addit ional money s.hould riow be made One at $12,000 per annum. $8,000. . available, I respectfully say that I have Four at $8,000 per annum. Budget officer, $8,000. not heard the proponents of such amend­ Thirteen at $7,000 per annum. Budget analyst, $.6,000. ments say how they expect the funds we Twelve at $6,000 per annum. Chief accountant, $8,000. .will no doubt vote for this day and to­ Nine at $5,000 per annum. Auditor, $8,000. morrow be used this winter if their pro­ One at $4,500 per annum. Auditor-examiners, $5,000. posed amendment carries. I contem­ One at $6,745 per annum. Chief administrative analyst, $8,000. Two at $5,662 per annum. Senior administrative analyst, $5,000. plate this Congress and Nation is firmly Four at $4;795 per annum. Personnel division director, $9,000. bound to carry out its original contract One at $4,470 per annum. Assistant director, $8,000. with the other UNRRA nations according One at $4,146 per annum. Deputy director, $7,000. to the terms of that original contract. Six at $3,600 per annum. Placement and personnel officers, $7,000, That is of course if all the other partners Nine at $3,200 per annum. $6,000, and $5,000 each. and signatories to the original UNRRA Eight at $2,800 per annum. Administrative service director, $8,000. _Fourteen at $2,400 per annum. Food division chief, $8,000. ct;mtract refuse to consent and agree to El-even at $2,200 per annum. Chiefs of four subdivisions, $7,000 each. the change which this amendment would Two at $2,000 per annum. <:nothing division chief, $8,000. impose. I frankly do not believe they Tot::.l, $436.965. Two chiefs of subsections, $7,000 each. would do so, and if they did not do so. 10240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 then certainly we would be in a very em:.. of the Union reported that that Com­ Mr. ROWAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask barrassing position for it would mean that mittee having had under consideration unanimous consent to address the House our funds would then not be available. House Joint Resolution 266, making an for 15 minutes tomorrow after the dispo­ This would be tragic. It would result additional appropriation for the United sition of the legislative business of the in starvation and death from hunger Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Ad­ day and the special orders heretofore and exposure to thousands upon thou­ ministration, had -: orne to no resolution entered. sands of men, women, and children. This thereon. The SPEAKER. Is there objection. to is unthinkable. What do the gentlemen GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND the request of the gentleman from Illi­ who proposed this amendment now an­ nois? swer as to this question which I now Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Speaker, I ask There was no objection. unanimous consent that all Members raise? Can the terms and conditions of HOUR OF MEETING TOMORROW the original UNRRA agreement between who have spoken on the bill today may the UNRRA nations be changed, by but extend their own remarks in the RECORD. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask one of those of the original partners The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent that when the House thereto? I submit that if the original the request of the gentleman from In­ adjourns today it adjourn to meet at UNRRA agreement and commitment it­ diana? 11 o'clock tomorrow. There was no objection. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to self does not provide for a change in the request of the gentleman from those expressed terms by only one of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS Massachusetts? parties thereto, then this proposed Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Speaker, I ask '!'here was no objection. amendment would not only be useless to unanimous consent that the gentleman enact, but it would result in no less than INCREASED PENSIONS FOR SINGLE from Missouri [Mt. CANNON] may have AMPUTATIONS DUE TO MILITARY international misunderstanding, misap­ permission to include certain letters in prehension, and loss of good will, besides the remarks he made today in the Com­ SERVICE death from hunger. I am opposed to the mittee of the Whole. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. amendment unless the proponents can The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ satisfy that this material change in the the request of the gentleman from In­ dress the House for 1 minute and to in­ original UNRRA agreement proposed by diana? clude in my remarks a bill I have intro­ this amendment, can become effective There was no objection. duced today. without the approval of all the other Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to UNRRA nations. But, gentlemen, there Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the request of the gentlewoman from is no time for delay. Winter is upon the gentlewoman from Connecticut Massachusetts? these hungry, and starving and naked [Mrs. LucE] may extend her remarks in There was no objection. men, women, and children in the nations the RECORD and include an editorial Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. receiving UNRRA funds. Will we let any from Life magazine. Speaker, I have introduced a bill to of them starve to death while we are The SPEAKER. Is there objection to amend Veterans Regulation No. 1 (a), now seeking to impose a condition prece­ the request of the gentleman from as amended, to provide more liberal rates dent to the original UNRRA agreement? of increased pension for single amputa­ I cannot believe the proponents of this Massachusetts? There was no objection. tions due to service, and for other pur­ amendment have thought clearly poses. This is somewhat similar to an­ through on their proposal. For if they Mr. WIGGLESWORTH asked and was other bill that has been introduced but have, as to this point, they can promptly given permission to revise and extend the this is more liberal. The bill reads as and clearly answer and satisfy this remarks he made today in the Commit­ follows: tee of the Whole and include certain ex­ House. If they cannot I submit this A bill to amend Veterans Regulation No. amendment to be unanimously defeated. cerpts from the hearings. 1 (a) , as amended, to provide more Mr. LUDLO.W. Mr. Chairman, I have Mr. SCHWABE of Missouri asked and liberal rates of increased penrion for single no further requests for time. I ask that was given permission to extend his re­ amputations due to service, and for other the first section of the })ill be read. marks in the Appendix of the RECORD purposes. Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, a par­ and include therein a presentation at the Be it enacted, etc., That subparagraph (k) liamentary inquiry. White House of honorary membership of paragraph II, part I, Veterans Regulation The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will in the Missouri Aluinni Association to the No. 1 (a), as amended, is here-py amended state it. · President of the United States. to read as follows: Mr. TABER. Will this resolution be Mr. WOLVERTON of New Jersey asked "(k) If ·the disabled person, as the result and was given permission to extend his of service-incurred disability, has suffered read by paragraph as is the case with ap­ the anatomical loss or loss of use of one propriation bills, or by sections? own remarks in the RECORD. foot, or one hand, or blindness of one eye, The CHAIRMAN. Inasmuch as it is Mr. DIRKSEN asked and was given having only light perception, the rate of not a general appropriation bill the reso­ permission to include certain excerpts in pension provided in part I, paragraph ll, lution will be read by sections. the remarks he made in the Committee subparagraphs (a) to (j), shall be increased Mr. TABER. I really think we had of the Whole today. by $55 per month; and in the event of ana­ better postpone the reading of the bill Mr. HAGEN asked and was ·given per­ tomical loss or loss of use of one foot, or one hand, or blindness of one eye, having only until tomorrow. mission to. extend his remarks in the light perception, in addition to the require­ Mr. LUDLOW. That is perfectly RECORD and includ~ an announcement by ment for any of the rates specified in sub­ agreeable to me. OWI. paragraphs (1) to (n), inclusive, of part ,1, Mr. TABER. There is only one section Mr. HAYS asked and was given per­ paragraph II, as amended, the rate of pension to which amendments may be offered. mission to extend his remarks in the shall be increased by $35 per month for each It will not save any time to read it to­ Appendix. such loss or loss of use, but in no event to night. Mr. WHITE asked and was given per­ exceed $300 per month." Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, SEc. 2. Subparagraph (k) of paragraph II, mission to extend his remarks in the part II, Veterans Regulation No. 1 (a), will the gentleman yield? RECORD and include a newspaper article. Mr. TABER. I yield. as amended, is hereby amended to read as PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE follows: Mr. McCORMAr.K. !t is understood, "(k) If the disabled person, as the result however, that all gene:;:-al debate has been Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. of service-incurred disability, has suffered finished. · Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the anatomical loss or loss of use of one foot, Mr. TABER. Yes; general debate has the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. -or one hand, or· blindness of one eye, having been concluded. KUNKEL] may address the House for 30 only light perception, the rate of pension Mr. LUDLOW. Mr. Chairman, I move minutes tomorrow after the legislative provided in part II, paragraph II, subpara­ that the Committee do now rise. business of the day and the special or­ graphs (a) to (j) , shall be increased by ders heretofore entered. $41.25 per month; and. in the event of ana­ The motion was agreed to. . tomical loss or loss of use of one foot, or one Accordingly the Committee rose; and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to hand, or blindness of one eye, having only · the· Speaker having resumed the chair, the request of the gentleman from Mas- light perception, in addition to the require­ Mr. SPARKMAN, Chairman of the Com­ sachusetts? · ment for any of the rates specified in sub­ mittee of th~ Whole House on the State There was no objection. paragraphs (l) to (n), inclusive of part II, 1945 CO-NGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 10041 pl'tragraph II, as amended, the rate of pension Justice, insure dom-estic kanquility, provi'de need our Oonstitution to be .a beaeon for shall be increased by -$26.25 per m-onth f.or f-or the oomm.on defense, promote. the g.en­ thetr first f.aiterin.g steps. W-e have a each such loss or loss of use but in no event er.al welfare. .and secure the .blessings oi lib­ cf eqnai tn men .a%lld to exceed $225 per month."" erty .to ourselves .and our posterity, do ordaln ciucy solemnity the and establish this Consti tntion for t'he women of our armed services who did so By the enactment of Public law 182. U'nit'ed States of America. much to keep America free-to preserve Seventy-ninth Congress, September 2{)., intact, fnr them, the Constitution of these 1945, we provided more adequate pen­ For 156 years, this document has been lffn:ite.d states. sions tor the service-connected disablU­ the citadel of the American peopl-e; the Is there my ti011bt that l{)m Constitu­ ties, commonly l"eferred to ~s double haven for the enslaved and the op­ tion 'Will be preserved intact, that it will amputees and blind. cases. Other sim­ pressed. n{} mat.t;er what the land <>f their continue to live? ilar di.s.abilities were included with a pro­ origin. The Bible .says in the rtwenty-seventh visian for adjustment tc higher rates in Let us look .at the Constitution in its V€t:re mf the thil'd .chapter of the Gospel more seriously disabled eases. These in­ proper perspeeti:ve. aorording oo St. Mail·k: creases. however., left :a group primarily · The Constitution is the whole. It NCl man can -enter ·into a str{)ng maa·s consisting Qf single-amputation cases necessarily follows that laws passed house :and .spon hls .g()oa·s, except :me wm fir&'t without any .increase of pension. These witrun the framework 0f the Constitu­ bind the strong map; and then he will spo'i.l are cases rate.d up to totai disability for tion are parts of the whole. ~aw.s p1tssed his house. loss or loss of use of one foot. or one by -cnngress ducing the .New Deal de not The strong man mentioned in this hand. or blindness of one eye. having and cannot supersede the ConstitutiQn itself. · passage eou~d ·well be the American peo­ only light perception, which receive pen­ ple and cet'tai'lllY the most valuable -pos­ ~on based upon the degree of disabilitY One of the New Deail laws, passed session of the Ameriean peopiJ:e-the Con­ up to 11)0 percent, plus the $35 per m-onth within the limits of tbe Constitut4on, is sUtuti'On--'Coul'Ci wen be the -objective -of the so-called magna carta f<>.r labor. additional pension. Many have high t~ destmiier. single amputatio.ns'Or lower amputations.. This alleged magna carta designati-on is Since the very inception Qf the now or loss of .or loss of use .of one eye, mak­ not only s misnomer but snch a designa­ aging New Deal, the goal of admini'Stra­ ing it extremely dimcult for them to ti'On is inconsistent w.i.th the suoc-essftd tion leaders has been to bind.the Ameri­ become adjusted, physically 1md men­ operati-on Gf the Constitutien f~c ever a can people by deliberately -creating the tally. century and a half. con'Cliti-ons 'Of a class struggle and to I 1tm introducing a biU which will cor­ The Magna Carta was tllle grudging systematieally, brick by brick, erect -a waU rect this inequality by increasing the agreement fumed upon. a ddeated tyrant between the Ameriean peol)1e and their additional monthly pension .from $35 by a victorious nGbility. What did the lif~-sustaining Constitution. For ovet· to $55 f-or those cases~ but not changing Magna Carta do to advance the .status 1'2 years oar countrymen have struggled the .$35 additional pension for tb€ ases of Briti'Sh labor!' N'Ot one thing.. The against the -growin-g pressu-re -of these covered by the increases under Pu.blie aeeJ.dent 'Of birth still kept myriads -of insidious bonds. Law 182. The latter cases ba\'le received Englishmen in a status 1itUe better than ~pecis.Hy during the Presidential elec­ increases in theii' basic r.ates above total serfs until the industrial revolution. ti-on campaigns has the Oonstituti~n been disability together w:Hh tb€ additional This is what our Constitution -did f-or walled ·up, away from the stght -of tbe monthly allowance of $3·5 being added labor: It gave labor the right 'Of iree people. The real i'Ssue of tbe 198-6 where there is loss or loss of use of .one speech. of utilizing u free press, the Tight Land-on-R-oosevelt eB.mpaign was not th.e foot, .or one hand. ()l' blindness in one of free assemblY~ the rtght to petition for aU~ phHosopby -of kilUng little pigs and eye having only light perception, in ad­ redress of it's grievanc-es. It gave lab'Or prowing under growing crops, -advan~ed dition to the !fequir.ement f:Oc azzy one of freedom that did not exist for labor any­ by the present Secretary of Oommeroe. the higher rates .above total.msability. where .else on earth before or since.. It The real i'Ssue wa'S the subtle assault on :: Enactment of the hill will -meet an g.a:ve labor immeasurably more th.an :any the Constitution by the administration's urgent need., .enrour.age these combat law or group ot laws. which has been plan ·to -strike at the so-.called "'nine .old casualties, and remove an injustice .in passed since it ~me .into being has ever men," aad to pack tbe Sapreme C.ourt the cases described. been .a.bl:e tOf the 194~ WiUkie-Roosevelt .ca.m.­ order of the .Rouae, the ge-ntleman irom be .oniy part of the whole. paign was net the abiiity .of eithe.r can­ Nehl'ASk.a [Mr. STEFAN] is recognized for What has been said of labor rould he didate to "keep us .out Qf war. The real ~5 minutes. said-and as truthfuliy--6f .aU Ameri­ issue wa-s the brn2en altront to tbe Om­ THE {X).NSTlTUfiON-THE ONLY . cans, individuals and grou_ps, woo. by­ stituti.on .on tbe part uf tbe "R--1- tentiuns, are shutting the coor m1 their care. Other Americans bav-e come from ter finish the w~nning ;of the w.ar .and own future. Race is being ru.ined against foreign shores t-o .sha're equally in the way the -establishment of the peace aftler the raeoe; gr-oup against grOn tile high .seas is set on a hill cannot be hid. stockades of silence which prison Uteir and, as a resuit of that meeting. the .America is. indeed, the "light of the minds~ not only in their native aands. but world was given the .AUan.tic Cha·rter and WQrJd." Its peopie are the inheritors and in Bulgaria. in Yugoslavia, in Rumania. its higbiY pu.biicimd. "oour freedoms!' the st€wards of the Constitution tlf the in Austria. in U.tbuania.. in Latvia and Two of these Ireednms-the freedom of United States. in &thonia. $~leech and the fileed'Om -of religion­ In the preamble of the Constitution it We have a .solemn duty to these were .lifted dillectly from our 156-yeac­ Is declared; shackled soms to keep our Constitution old Oonstitatio~ afber whi-ch tl"l~ Con­ , We, the people of the United States, ln ali9e. Tb.ey will not~ Io:rever enslaved stituti-on was .returned to its eell to serve order to form a more perfect Union, establisll and, when th.ey are free again, they will out the remainder of its sentence of 10242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE OCTOBER 31 solitary confinement. The other two men and restore them to their birth­ hit him not only first, but hardest, and freedoms-the freedom from want and right. We will not be turned aside from remained the longest. the freedom from fear-were plagiarized our pledged purpose by problems which · Farmers are on the alert and they from another document whose teach­ are only a part of the whole-the Con­ sense a number of factors in the current ings have been noticeably absent from stitution-and which can be solved by situation which warn them of trouble the acts of the New Deal both at home the legal application of the Constitu­ ahead. They have heard the official pre­ and abroad-the Sermon on the Mount. tion. diction that there will be as many as What should the American people do There is only one issue in the 1946 8,000,000 unemployed in the months just about it before their Constitution is elections. ahead of us. And they know, from the completely sealed off from them? There will be only one issue in the elec­ record, that one of the first consequences I am going to answer that question tions of 1948. of this unemployment will be a sharp re­ by telling you a true story of what hap­ There can be only one issue in the duction in the amount and quality of pened at the United Nations Conference United States through all the years to consumer food requirements. Likewise on International Organization held at come. they do not have to be told that the San Francisco which I attended as an That issue is: Do the American peo­ downward pull of this sizable unem­ official adviser. ple want a Constitution in bondage or a ployment could easily create such a de­ Many of you know the location of the free Constitution. flationary vsychology that producers conference meetings-in the American The Republican Party stands for a would be reluctant to expand produc­ Legion Hall. One of the outstanding free Constitution. Republican victories tion-which means they would fail to re­ features of that impressive building-if means constitutional victories. We are place war cut-backs with new demands not the outstanding fe'ature-was a confident that the enduring rightness of for industrial raw materials grown on marble pillar, situated in the lobby, our cause will triumph, for, without a the farm. Above all, the farmer realizes which contained earth from the ceme­ free Constitution, there can be no free that foreign-relief demands for food and teries of Europe where so many Ameri­ America. clothing are only temporary, that strenu­ can boys were buried in 1917-18 and As we stand at the threshold of this ous efforts will bt; made to return Europe on the top of which there burned an battle on which so much depends, we of as quickly as possible to a more nearly eternal flame. the Republican Party pledge ourselves self-sufficient basis, and that the only On my way to San Francisco, I an­ to the support of the Constitution of the hope for a reliable and expanding for­ ticipated the effect of this symbol of United States and to the continuing eign demand rests upon the achievement America's respect for her war dead-so freedom of the American people. of stable prosperity at home. simply and so beautifully designed-up­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS I think it is appropriate to remind our­ on the men of all nations who went into selves of that which we have a tendency that conference with a genuine desire Mr. FULTON asked and was given per-· to forget-that the farm problem is a for world peace in their hearts. mission to extend his remarks in the depression problem and has become so When I went to the conference hall, RECORD and to include an address deliv­ knitted into the framework of our econ­ I looked in vain for the Pillar of the ered by Charles G. Notari, national pres­ omy that we have come to look upon it as Eternal Flame. What had happened? ident of the Sons of Columbus of almost a permanent institution. The Had it been taken away? I was told America. farm problem has become a standard that it had been walled fn to make a The SPEAKER. Under previous or­ chapter in the economic books, following storage room for conference equipment. der of the House, the gentleman from the chapters on the Banking System and I found this hidden symbol of the great Utah [Mr. GRANGER] is recognized for 20 Corporation Finance. And no doubt our beating heart of America surrounded by minutes. complacency on this score has been em­ crates and boxes; a jewel in an ash­ FULL EMPLOYMENT AND THE FARMER phasized by the widespread feeling that heap. Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Speaker, my we have found a solution to the problem Then and there, I determined that its purpose today is to speak about the in the concepts of crop control and Gov­ confining wall must come down. I con­ farmer and his stake in full employment. ernment support of parity income or sulted one so-called "authority." He I do not think we in Congress are suf­ parity prices. could not-or he would not-do anything ficiently aware that America's farmers If there is any single word that de­ about it. I went to a second man. The are alarmed-that they are anxiously scribes the difficulties which farmers wall was torn down. The Eternal Flame watching every move that we make in have experienced, that word is "overpro­ was free. Men of 50 nations passed by this difficult period of transition to a duction." Yet we. have had overproduc­ · that flame with bowed heads. They, and peacetime economy. tion in agriculture only in a very relative the American military police who pa­ Engrossed as we are in the many prob­ sense. When depression hits there is trolled the building, knew the piercing lems of reconversion, it comes as some­ overproduction everywhere in the econ­ message of that pillar and that flame; what of a jolt to be told that we must omy; overproduction because of decline that Americans had not forgotten the · also worry about the farmer. We have in demand. sacrifice of American youth in the cause been too prone to believe that here, at For agriculture, however, overproduc· of freedom; that the yearning of the least, the situation was well in hand. tion has n particularly severe impact. American people for peace was real and Farm markets and farm income are at In manufacturing the drop in prices as sincere. a record high. Food requirements from demand falls off serves as a check upon The meaning of this experience is clear. abroad are apparently insatiable. And further production. As profit margins Americans cannot afford to imprison to top it all, we have promised Govern­ narrow, producers curtail operations, the eternal flame of the Constitution. ment support for parity income for the discharge workers, and shut down ma­ Americans have asked one party to tear immediate years ahead. Surely there is chinery. This means less output, which down the wall. That political party has no place among our current headaches in turn acts as a partial brake upon been either unable or unwilling to tear it for the farm problem. further price declines. And in many down. The American people must now Well, the man behind the plow does not cases, this more or less automatic brake, ask the Republican Party to tear down see it that way. To him the farm prob­ which would operate even in a perfect!¥ the wall that shuts them off from their lem is not a thing of the past. On the competitive economy, is very much ac­ Constitution. contrary, it looms up large and formida­ centuated by monopolistic restraints It is the duty and the responsibility of ble as a thing of the future-a future so upon output and unduly rigid or admin­ the Republican Party to heed the impas­ imminent that it calls for immediate istered prices. sioned plea of the American people. We action. In agriculture, however, a decline in must-we will-do it. The wall between The farmer has not forgotten that ag­ prices has exactly the opposite effect. the people and their Constitution will be riculture was the first to collapse after The ordinary farmer thinks and acts in­ torn down. We will not be deflected the last war. He remembers that de­ dependently of other farmers and of the from our resolution by propaganda pression hit the farms as soon as the market as a whole. In the majority of smokescreens. The will of the people is inflated foreign demands petered out­ cases his own output is such a small our will-and that will is inflexible. We several years before the crash of 1929; ' segment of total production that he will strike the bonds from our country- and he remembers that the Q.epression never thinks in terms of the effect he 1945 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE in.Qivlaually might have upon pri-ce. our-s, -and as they (l{)Unt the tremendous are .good that other countri-es will hav-e Instead, he aceepts the market pnee, increase in productA.vity em f:anms and contin'.lll.ed full emp1oyment, and their whatev-er i~ may be, .as a factor beyond im faetJories which h-ol-ds such great pos- ability to import .our g.oo.ds wHr remain 'his contro1. Consequently, when tha.t sibii'itl-es bath tor .g.ood .and fGr evil, they high an-d stable. price declines, his r-eaction 4s to try w are -determined that now is the time for So much f{)r the deman~ for farm bo1st~r his net income b:Y poodl:lcing agriculture to stand upon i:ts -own feet. products under fu~q employment. more. He figures :ttlat more units will The farmer is hopefu1, 'h&t h-e is not .al- But there is mo: e than oRe wa'Y to in- partly compensate fIll.tages -can be .stated in employment DpportunitY, tbese fears Of rourse, ttbe cons.eti}uem.ot of this .con­ the terms that have the most meaning would be -dissipated. tinued :high production in the faDe .of for ·him, that is, the .ef.fe.et of tun €m- Gentlemen~ 1 .can think .ef nD mo-re shrinking demand is that fM"m {}r1ces plo:yment -.on his net income. adequate way of summing up :what I plunge oownw.ard much faster and fur­ OAle of the most obvious ways in whlch hav-e b.een .saying about wh·at full em- t1rer J;ban prices in the city. net in.come wmu1d be s'tepped :up is ploym.ent would mean to the farmer However., w.e have :m:et 1bis "Pro:biem in through l!D.Corea:sed food COlil.sumpthm UB- .than b_y quoting to you the very sig,nifi- the pa:st and with more than .a fair de­ der full employment. These Waf' years cant estimates of the Department oi Ag- g,Ilee of success. lt was not easw ror the have given us tangibie ~videnc.e .of what r.iculture. arcmtects 'Of the AAA am:l BUb.Be.quf.nt Je:g­ happen;s to the way peop~e .ea:t when Full empJoyment would mak-e possibl~ isJ.atkm alnng the same line. They were their incomes go up-not .on1y g'l"eater .net f.al'm. income .twQ and one-third well -aware .of that paradox whirih w.as be­ amounts, fbut bigh.er-quality footis. times th.-e average net in-c-{i)me in 1935- wHderlng the people :and ennfusing all Estimates oi the Department of · Eco- 3.9~ Seri.ous depression, on tlile otber attempts to deal w.ith ii;.e problem-the mmnics are rs;ery int·er.esting m this oon- hand~ w,o:u.1d bring farm income to .a level p.atradnx of :poverty in 'the midst nf plentyA neetion. ·They indicate that at .a full- less than tru·ee-iourths that of 1935-.3-9. Nl}r '\Vao it to tlueir liking to 1d.lllittle pigs employment Jewel, per reapit-a con.sum.p- J.n .conclusion, ma.Y I say the farm .anlil plow under wheat when people w.ere ti1i>n <>f :pork and 1at·d would be 43 per- starving. .None realized .mnre dea.rly cent above the .averag~ · for 1935_39, problem, as I -see i.t, is n.ot a politkal mat- tban those lawmakersth..at theJdeal sohl­ ehiclrens 40 ~ercent ablove, .calmed veg€- ter. At least, the farm-ers of the Nation ti.an wouid ·be to (expand the marlret f•01' tables 3:3 percent, egg_s 11 pe:roent, beef., do not look at it through po1!tiea1 eyes. farm :pmducts by bri.ngj:ng aib:ollt expan­ iamb, and veal 1~ pe~ce1llt. a;nd citrllls T.bey .ar-e in D.~ctly earnest in tlle con- duct of their busin-ess and want to eon­ sion all the way th·naugb the economy­ fruits :54 percent. Consumers wonid use tin.ue to labor ~on.g and dflig-ently to pro- that it wowd be .more d:e&Lrable to .fit more rextHes, tvo. for exam:pl€ 3:3 per- vide a living a.nd .somE of the gQoo things efiectiv,e demand to .supply r.athET than cent m-ore wool. the other way around. But they fa.eed These .same kinrl of ;percenta:g-e in- of life f.or their families. tremoo.dGu:s dimeulties an:d the ~oing was creases are valid for manufacturing with N@; it is D1)t :a political pro'bJ'ellil to them slow. Meanwrule. the pllghtofthelarm­ r-es~t t'O comsumptiun 'Of inf tb.e -development of ment possible and necessarily !bring pros- farmer that the Government f'o:und it piastics -of all sarts. perity to the ..moeratic President, with a ifarm priceS -an-d. income .and those in the perieru:e ()f the twenti-es, when agricu1- majCJr.ity in :bath Houses of Congress, .and eity was too muell of a wrench fer society tural experts ,approKim.ated .$2~000;()00.,.. w-e cannot escape the responsibility of as a whole. Th.e severe impact upon :a 000 annually, .as contras.t:ed to $750,000,- doin;g ~Bverstrung in our. power to .afford larg-e and impol'tant segment of .the pop­ .000