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Why, How, Where?
17 Oct 2002 8:40 AR AR173-ES33-16.tex AR173-ES33-16.sgm LaTeX2e(2002/01/18) P1: GCE 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095433 Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2002. 33:427–47 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.33.020602.095433 Copyright c 2002 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved MAST SEEDING IN PERENNIAL PLANTS: Why, How, Where? Dave Kelly1 and Victoria L. Sork2 1Plant and Microbial Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8001, New Zealand; email: [email protected] 2Department of Organismic Biology, Ecology, and Evolution; and Institute of the Environment, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1786; email: [email protected] Key Words dispersal, economies of scale, mass flowering, predator satiation, wind pollination ■ Abstract For many years biologists have debated whether mast seeding (the syn- chronous intermittent production of large seed crops in perennial plants) results from weather conditions or is an evolved plant reproductive strategy. In this review, we analyze the evidence for the underlying causes of masting. In the absence of selec- tion for higher or lower variability, plants will vary in tandem with the environment (resource matching). Two selective factors often favor the evolution of masting: in- creased pollination efficiency in wind-pollinated species, and satiation of seed preda- tors. Other factors select against masting, including animal pollination and frugivore dispersal. A survey of 570 masting datasets shows that wind-pollinated species had higher seed production coefficients of variation (CVs) than biotically pollinated ones. Frugivore-dispersed species had low CVs whereas predator-dispersed plants had high CVs, consistent with gaining benefits from predator satiation rather than dispersal. -
And Engelmann Oak (Q. Engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1
Insect-oak Interactions with Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) and Engelmann Oak (Q. engelmannii) at the Acorn and Seedling Stage1 Connell E. Dunning,2 Timothy D. Paine,3 and Richard A. Redak3 Abstract We determined the impact of insects on both acorns and seedlings of coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Nee) and Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. Greene). Our goals were to (1) identify insects feeding on acorns and levels of insect damage, and (2) measure performance and preference of a generalist leaf-feeding insect herbivore, the migratory grasshopper (Melanoplus sanguinipes [Fabricus] Orthoptera: Acrididae), on both species of oak seedlings. Acorn collections and insect emergence traps under mature Q. agrifolia and Q. engelmannii revealed that 62 percent of all ground-collected acorns had some level of insect damage, with Q. engelmannii receiving significantly more damage. However, the amount of insect damage to individual acorns of both species was slight (<20 percent damage per acorn). Curculio occidentis (Casey) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and Valentinia glandulella Riley (Lepidoptera: Blastobasidae) were found feeding on both species of acorns. No-choice and choice seedling feeding trials were performed to determine grasshopper performance on the two species of oak seedlings. Quercus agrifolia seedlings and leaves received more damage than those of Q. engelmannii and provided a better diet, resulting in higher grasshopper biomass. Introduction The amount of oak habitat in many regions of North America is decreasing due to increased urban and agricultural development (Pavlik and others 1991). In addition, some oak species are exhibiting low natural regeneration. Although the status of Engelmann oak (Quercus engelmannii E. -
Additions, Deletions and Corrections to An
Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) ADDITIONS, DELETIONS AND CORRECTIONS TO AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA) WITH A CONCISE CHECKLIST OF IRISH SPECIES AND ELACHISTA BIATOMELLA (STAINTON, 1848) NEW TO IRELAND K. G. M. Bond1 and J. P. O’Connor2 1Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, School of BEES, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> 2Emeritus Entomologist, National Museum of Ireland, Kildare Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Abstract Additions, deletions and corrections are made to the Irish checklist of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Elachista biatomella (Stainton, 1848) is added to the Irish list. The total number of confirmed Irish species of Lepidoptera now stands at 1480. Key words: Lepidoptera, additions, deletions, corrections, Irish list, Elachista biatomella Introduction Bond, Nash and O’Connor (2006) provided a checklist of the Irish Lepidoptera. Since its publication, many new discoveries have been made and are reported here. In addition, several deletions have been made. A concise and updated checklist is provided. The following abbreviations are used in the text: BM(NH) – The Natural History Museum, London; NMINH – National Museum of Ireland, Natural History, Dublin. The total number of confirmed Irish species now stands at 1480, an addition of 68 since Bond et al. (2006). Taxonomic arrangement As a result of recent systematic research, it has been necessary to replace the arrangement familiar to British and Irish Lepidopterists by the Fauna Europaea [FE] system used by Karsholt 60 Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36 (2012) and Razowski, which is widely used in continental Europe. -
6. GEO-Tag Der Artenvielfalt Griffner Schlossberg Und Griffner See, Kärnten 11./12
©Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Carinthia II B 1947114. Jahrgang B Seiten 537-590 B Klagenfurt 2004 537 6. GEO-Tag der Artenvielfalt Griffner Schlossberg und Griffner See, Kärnten 11./12. Juni 2004 Von Christian WIESER, Christian K0MP0SCH, Klaus KRAINER & Johann WAGNER Schlagworte: Keywords: GEO-Tag, Artenvielfalt, Griffner Schlossberg, Griffner See, Kärnten. GEO-day, biodiversity, Griffner Schlossberg, Griffner See, Zusammenfassung: Carinthia, Austria. Am 6. GEO-Tag der Artenvielfalt (11.-12. Juni 2004) waren insgesamt mehr als 100 Wissenschafter und Hobbyforscher beteiligt. Während der 24-stün- Summary: digen Erhebung am Griffner Schlossberg und Griffner See (Bezirk Völker- More than 100 scientists and ama- markt, Kärnten) wurden 2398 Arten aus 34 Pflanzen-, Tier- und Pilzgruppen teur researchers were involved in nachgewiesen. the 6th GEO-day of biodiversity, Die Marktgemeinde Griffen ist damit nicht nur im bundesland- sondern auch which took place on the 11* to 12th im mitteleuropaweiten Vergleich als hot-spot der Biodiversität bezeichnen. June 2004 in the Griffner castle- Aus naturschutzfachlicher Sicht erlangen die Lebensgemeinschaften der mountain and lake. During a period Felswände, Höhlen, Laubwälder und Verlandungszonen hohe Bedeutung. of 24 hours 2349 species of 34 plant-, Bemerkenswert ist der Erstnachweis einer Sackspinne für Österreich, zu- animal- and fungus-groups could be dem können 8 Schmetterlings-, 4 Spinnenarten sowie eine Wanzenart erst- recorded. Due to this high number mals für Kärnten genannt werden! of species the district of Griffen is Auch die Öffentlichkeitsarbeit kann durch das hohe Engagement der Ge- revealed as a hot-spot of biodiver- meinde, die umfangreichen Schulaktionen und die enge Zusammenarbeit sity with national and central-euro- mit der Presse als voller Erfolg bezeichnet werden. -
Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves
insects Article Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves Chiara Ferracini 1,* , Cristina Pogolotti 1, Giada Lentini 1, Valerio Saitta 1, Enrico Busato 1, Franco Rama 2 and Alberto Alma 1 1 Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; [email protected] (C.P.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (V.S.); [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (A.A.) 2 Biological Products Unit, Isagro S.p.A., Via Fauser, 28, 28100 Novara, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0116708700 Received: 9 October 2020; Accepted: 15 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Simple Summary: Investigations were performed in 2018–2019 in chestnut groves in northern Italy to monitor the seasonal flight activity of Pammene fasciana (L.), Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller), and C. splendana (Hübner) with pheromone-baited traps. Commercially available and experimental pheromone blends were tested. Newly formed chestnut husks and fruits were randomly collected to evaluate damage. Damage was correlated with trap catches. P. fasciana was present in all the sites, while Cydia species were recorded in three of six sites, with differences in abundance related to pheromone blends studied. Several morphologically similar non-target species occurred, highlighting the risk of overestimating catches. Fruit damage did not correlate with trap captures, suggesting that monitoring probably underestimates the true size of the moths’ populations. These data contribute to ascertaining the presence of tortrix moths in northern Italian chestnut groves, and are important for planning specific control measures. -
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F&G genera Layout 1/31/08 8:50 AM Page 520 F Fagaceae—Beech family Fagus L. beech Franklin T. Bonner and William B. Leak Dr. Bonner is a scientist emeritus at the USDA Forest Service’s Southern Research Station, Mississippi State Mississippi; Dr. Leak is a silviculturist at the USDA Forest Service’s Northeastern Research Station Durham, New Hampshire Growth habit, occurrence, and use. The beeches— Flowering and fruiting. Beech flowers are monoe- the genus Fagus—includes 10 species of medium-sized, cious. The minute male and female flowers appear in the deciduous trees native to the temperate regions of the spring when the leaves are about one-third grown (table 2). Northern Hemisphere (Rehder 1940). Only 1 species, The staminate flowers occur in densely clustered, drooping American beech, is native to North America, although heads 8 mm wide, whereas the pistillate flowers are general- another, the European beech, has been widely planted as an ly paired on stout stalks about 2.5 cm long (Brown and ornamental in the Northeast (table 1). Some authorities have Kirkman 1990). Flowers of European beech are quite vul- argued that there are separate northern and southern species nerable to late spring frosts (Matthews 1955). The fruit is a of American beech, but this view is not widely supported prickly bur approximately 2 cm long, which opens soon (Tubbs and Houston 1990). Beeches that grow in northeast- after maturity in the fall (figure 1). ern Mexico are now classified as a variety of American Each fruit contains 2 or 3 yellowish-brown or chestnut- beech—F. -
Metabarcoding Malaise Traps and Soil Edna Reveals Seasonal and Local Arthropod Diversity Shifts Ameli Kirse1*, Sarah J
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Metabarcoding Malaise traps and soil eDNA reveals seasonal and local arthropod diversity shifts Ameli Kirse1*, Sarah J. Bourlat1, Kathrin Langen1 & Vera G. Fonseca1,2* Forest habitats host enormous diversity, but little is known about the seasonal turnover of arthropod species between the above- and below ground forest layers. In this study, we used metabarcoding approaches to uncover arthropod diversity in diferent forest types and seasons. Our study shows that metabarcoding soil eDNA and Malaise trap bulk samples can provide valuable insights into the phenology and life cycles of arthropods. We found major diferences in arthropod species diversity between soil samples and Malaise traps, with only 11.8% species overlap. Higher diversity levels were found in Malaise traps in summer whereas soil samples showed a diversity peak in winter, highlighting the seasonal habitat preferences and life strategies of arthropods. We conclude that collecting time series of bulk arthropod samples and eDNA in the same locations provides a more complete picture of local arthropod diversity and turnover rates and may provide valuable information on climate induced phenological shifts for long-term monitoring. Forests are known to be one of the most diverse habitats on earth, providing a vast range of ecological niches, resulting in outstanding arthropod diversity 1. Forests can be roughly divided into two habitats: the ground and the above ground layer, with both closely linked to each other by mutual relationships of the associated abiotic and biotic environment2. Some studies have shown how biotic interactions in soil can regulate the structure and functioning of aboveground communities. -
With Description of Cydia Magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, Sp
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Trematerra, P.; Colacci, M. Contribution to the faunal study of the Tortricidae of Pelion Mountains (Greece) with description of Cydia magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 45, núm. 179, septiembre, 2017, pp. 467-480 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45552790012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Revta. lepid., 45 (179) septiembre 2017: 467-480 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Contribution to the faunal study of the Tortricidae of Pelion Mountains (Greece) with description of Cydia magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) P. Trematerra & M. Colacci Abstract The following contribution highlights an overview of the 50 species of Tortricidae captured on Pelion Mountain, in Central Greece, during several field trips by the authors. Eleven new species to the Greek fauna were recorded: Aethes margaritana, Eana incanana, Paramesia diffusana, Tosirips magyarus, Eudemis profundana, Ancylis badiana, Pelochrista modicana, Grapholita lathyrana, Grapholita tenebrosana, Dichrorampha alpigenana and Dichroranpha inconspiqua. Ceratoxanthis giansalottii, Endothenia apotomisana and Cydia pelionae are found to be endemic to Greece. Dichroranpha inconspiqua is reported for the first time in Europe. Cydia magnesiae Trematerra & Colacci, sp. n. is described as new. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, fauna, first records, Cydia magnesiae , Greece. -
Proceedings and Transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society
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Giornale Di Zoologia
ISSN 0370 - 4327 GIORNALE DI ZOOLOGIA PUBLISHED Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification Volume CI 101TERZA SERIE Rerum natura nusquam magis quam in minimis tota. PLINIO F I R E N Z E - 2 0 1 8 TIPOGRAFIA COPPINI I - Blank Page II - Blank Page ISSN 0370 - 4327 GIORNALE DI ZOOLOGIA PUBLISHED Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification Volume CI 101TERZA SERIE Rerum natura nusquam magis quam in minimis tota. PLINIO F I R E N Z E - 2 0 1 8 TIPOGRAFIA COPPINI Journal of Zoology Founded by Antonio Berlese, Firenze, 1903 Published by CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification (formerly: Istituto Sperimentale per la Zoologia Agraria, Firenze) Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria Editor-in-Chief Roberto Nannelli Firenze, Italy Associate Editors Sauro Simoni Pio Federico Roversi Firenze, Italy Firenze, Italy Managing Editor Donatella Goggioli Firenze, Italy Editorial Board Ramon Albajes Giacinto Germinara Hervé Jactel Peter Schausberger Lleida, Spain Foggia, Italy Cestas, France Vienna, Austria Miguel Angel Altieri Andrew Paul Gutierrez Mariusz Lewandowski Stephan Scheurer Berkeley, USA Berkeley, USA Warszawa, Poland Berlin, Germany Sebastiano Barbagallo Keith M. Harris Francois Lieutier Thomas Schröder Catania, Italy Ripley, Woking, England Orleans, France Braunschweig, Germany Andrea Binazzi Sherif Hassan Evert E. Lindquist Ward Strong Firenze, Italy Darmstat, Germany Ottawa, Canada Veron, Canada Stefano Colazza Axel Hausmann Pietro Luciano Eustachio Tarasco Palermo, Italy München, Germany Sassari, Italy Bari, Italy Piero Cravedi Claudio Ioriatti Manuel Mota Stefano Turillazzi Piacenza, Italy S. -
Wolbachia Infections and Mitochondrial Diversity of Two Chestnut Feeding Cydia Species
Wolbachia Infections and Mitochondrial Diversity of Two Chestnut Feeding Cydia Species Dimitrios N. Avtzis1*., Vangelis Doudoumis2., Kostas Bourtzis2,3 1 Laboratory of Forest Entomology, Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization ‘‘Demeter’’, Vassilika Thessaloniki, Greece, 2 Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras, Agrinio, Greece, 3 Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria Abstract Cydia splendana and C. fagiglandana are two closely related chestnut feeding lepidopteran moth species. In this study, we surveyed the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia in these two species. Infection rates were 31% in C. splendana and 77% in C. fagiglandana. MLST analysis showed that these two species are infected with two quite diverse Wolbachia strains. C. splendana with Sequence Type (ST) 409 from the A-supergroup and C. fagiglandana with ST 150 from the B-supergroup. One individual of C. splendana was infected with ST 150, indicating horizontal transfer between these sister species. The mitochondrial DNA of the two Cydia species showed a significantly different mtDNA diversity, which was inversely proportional to their infection rates. Citation: Avtzis DN, Doudoumis V, Bourtzis K (2014) Wolbachia Infections and Mitochondrial Diversity of Two Chestnut Feeding Cydia Species. PLoS ONE 9(11): e112795. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112795 Editor: Richard Cordaux, University of Poitiers, France Received May 5, 2014; Accepted October 20, 2014; Published November 18, 2014 Copyright: ß 2014 Avtzis et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Airborne Environmental DNA Metabarcoding for the Monitoring of Terrestrial Insects - a Proof of Concept
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.26.453860; this version posted July 27, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Airborne environmental DNA metabarcoding for the monitoring of terrestrial insects - a proof of concept Fabian Roger1,*, Hamid Ghanavi2, Natalie Danielsson1, Niklas Wahlberg4, Jakob Löndahl3, Lars B. Pettersson4, Georg K.S. Andersson4, Niklas Boke Olén1 and Yann Clough1 1 - Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden 2- Functional Zoology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden 3- Division of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden 4- Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Biodiversity is in decline due to human land use, exploitation, and climate change. To be able to counteract this alarming trend it is paramount to closely monitor biodiversity at global scales. Because this is practically impossible with traditional methods, the last decade has seen a strong push for solutions. In aquatic ecosystems the monitoring of species from environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as one of the most powerful tools at our disposal but in terrestrial ecosystems the power of eDNA for monitoring has so far been hampered by the local scale of the samples. In this study we report the first attempt to detect insects from airborne eDNA.