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The Two Conversions of John Newton: Politics & Christianity in the British
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2018 The woT Conversions of John Newton: Politics & Christianity in the British Abolitionist Movement Megan Keller Recommended Citation Keller, Megan, "The wT o Conversions of John Newton: Politics & Christianity in the British Abolitionist Movement" (2018). CMC Senior Theses. 1873. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1873 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 The Two Conversions of John Newton: Politics & Christianity in the British Abolitionist Movement Megan Keller April 23, 2018 2 ABSTRACT This thesis interrogated the relationship between British abolition and the eighteenth-century evangelical revival through the life of John Newton. Newton, though not representative of every abolitionist, was a vital figure in the abolitionist movement. His influence on Hannah More and William Wilberforce along with his contributions to the Parliamentary hearings made him a key aspect of its success. How he came to fulfill that role was a long and complex journey, both in terms of his religion and his understanding of slavery. He began his life under the spiritual direction of his pious, Dissenting mother, became an atheist by nineteen, and then an influential, evangelical minister in the Church of England in his later adulthood. In the midst of that journey, Newton was impressed, joined the crew of a slave ship, was himself enslaved, became a slave ship captain, and then, eventually, a fervent abolitionist. Though he was influenced by any people and ideas, his development of an evangelical Calvinistic theology seems to have driven him to ultimately condemn the slave trade. -
Church, Slavery and Abolition (Amended)
Richard Reddie: The Church’s involvement in perpetuating and the abolition of slavery Introduction The story of African enslavement begins with the Catholic Church and the explicit involvement of the various Popes. The Portuguese, who are regarded as the prime movers and originators of the African slave trade, began their forays into Africa in the 1440s under Prince Henry, who was also known as Henry the Navigator.1 In 1442, Pope Eugenius IV issued a papal decree or bull – Illius Qui – which approved of Henry’s slave trading expeditions to Africa and then gave Portugal sole rights over all its discoveries.2 His successor, Pope Nicholas V issued another bull, Romanus Pontifex in January 1454, which gave formal support to Portugal’s monopoly of trading in Africa, which included Africans, as well as the instruction to convert them to the Christian faith. This bull was read out in the Cathedral of Lisbon in both Latin and Portuguese, and as one historian pointed out, it helped to establish the familiar Portuguese pattern of ‘making money’, ‘saving’ Africans from ‘barbarism’, the excitement of voyages down the Guinea coast and raiding expeditions up the rivers…’3 The Portuguese enslaved Africans and took them to Portugal where the slave markets in Lagos became the place where the newly-baptised Africans were bought by merchants and traders to labour in a range of establishments. Many were put to work in the cultivation of sugarcane on the Portuguese island of Madeira, and this combination of sugar and slave labour was subsequently exported to the Caribbean by Columbus and his successors. -
Emancipation Day in Canada
YES, IT MATTERS! ADDRESSING SYSTEMIC RACISM AUGUST 1 IS NOW RECOGNIZED FEDERALLY AS EMANCIPATION DAY IN CANADA In August 1833, the Slave Emancipation Act was CREATING THE FUTURE BY passed, giving all slaves in the British empire their CONFRONTING THE PAST freedom, albeit after a set period of years. Plantation owners received compensation for the 'loss of their slaves' in the form of a government grant set at £20,000,000. In contrast, enslaved people received no compensation and continued to face much hardship. They remained landless, and the wages offered on the plantations after emancipation were extremely low. The 1833 Act did not come into force until 1 August 1834. The first step was the freeing of all children under six. However, although the many thousands of enslaved people in the British West Indies were no longer legally slaves after 1 August 1834, they were still made to work as unpaid apprentices for their former masters. These masters continued to ill-treat and exploit them. Source: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/rights/emancipation.htm YES, IT MATTERS! ADDRESSING SYSTEMIC RACISM On March 1, 2021, MPs in the House of Commons voted unanimously to designate Aug. 1 as Emancipation Day across Canada. On July 14, 2021, Toronto City Council voted to rename CREATING THE FUTURE BY Dundas Street and other civic assets with the Dundas CONFRONTING THE PAST name. In June 2020, an online petition was launched to rename the city of Vaughan. Henry Dundas was a Scottish lawyer and politician for whom Dundas Street in Toronto and the Town of Dundas in western Ontario. -
Bury the Chains by Adam Hochschild
The Wayback Machine - https://web.archive.org/web/20141224005126/http://www.indigocafe.com:80/columns/article.php?c=67 Member List | Your Shopping Bag | Your Account Welcome, Guest! (sign in) *** WE ARE CLOSED. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATRONAGE. *** Become an Affiliate Suggest A Book Gift Certificates Jenn's Blog: A Bookseller's Tale Frequent Buyer Card About us Help Book Review Bury the Chains Advertisement Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire's Slaves by Adam Hochschild Reviewer: Geoff Wisner, Staff Reviewer Posted: January 6, 2006 Bury the Chains is one of the best books you could give to a disllusioned activist. In absorbing detail, it tells the story of what may be the first human rights campaigns in history — and one of the most successful. The effort to end the slave trade in the British Empire not only succeeded against what seemed to be impossible odds, but it was the catalyst for ending slavery itself, and it provided the tools and example that made it possible to win rights for other oppressed people. The Interesting Narrative In 1787, when twelve men met in a printing shop in London to start by Olaudah Equiano work against the slave trade, slavery was accepted without question by almost every Briton. One reason was that the sugar trade in the Caribbean, based on the unpaid labor of African slaves, was one of the surest ways to get rich. Many members of Parliament owned sugar plantations, and even the Church of England had its own plantation in Barbados, which prided itself on the fact that its slaves were healthy enough to increase in number. -
Escribe Agenda Package
REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF PEEL DIVERSITY, EQUITY, AND ANTI-RACISM COMMITTEE AGENDA Meeting #: DEAR-1/2021 Date: Thursday, January 21, 2021 Time: 10:30 AM - 12:00 PM Location: Council Chamber, 5th Floor Regional Administrative Headquarters 10 Peel Centre Drive, Suite A Brampton, Ontario Members: T. Awuni, D. Damerla, R. Deo, G.S. Dhillon, J. Downey (Chair), N. Iannicca, J. Kovac, S. McFadden, R. Rokerya, R. Santos (Vice-Chair) The meeting will be live streamed on http://www.peelregion.ca/. 1. CALL TO ORDER 2. DECLARATIONS OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 3. APPROVAL OF AGENDA 4. DELEGATIONS 4.1. Ron Bennett, Artist, Colourful Canadian Memories Regarding a Request to Name a Municipal Holiday to Commemorate the Passage of the First Act Against Slavery 4.2. Shelley Tsolakis, Community Development Coordinator and Rachel Pennington, Public Art Curator, City of Mississauga Presenting the City of Mississauga’s 2020/2021 Response to Regional Funding for Visible Expressions of Pride 5. REPORTS 5.1. Region of Peel Indigenous Land Acknowledgement (For information) 5.2. Visible Demonstrations of Pride in Peel (For information) DEAR-1/2021 Thursday, January 21, 2021 6. COMMUNICATIONS 6.1. Navreen Chohan, Advisor, Peel Housing Corporation, Region of Peel Email dated December 17, 2020, Regarding a Call for Awareness - India’s Farmer Protests (Receipt recommended) 7. OTHER BUSINESS 8. IN CAMERA MATTERS 9. NEXT MEETING Thursday, April 15, 2021 9:30 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. Council Chamber, 5th Floor Regional Administrative Headquarters 10 Peel Centre Drive, Suite A Brampton, Ontario 10. ADJOURNMENT 4.1-1 This information below, from the Canadian Encyclopedia, describes the Chloe Cooley incident and the general social atmosphere regarding slavery in Upper Canada during 1793. -
Abolition in Context: the Historical Background of the Campaign for the Abolition of the Slave Trade
Abolition in context: the historical background of the campaign for the abolition of the slave trade Jeffrey HOPES Université du Mans The abolition of the slave trade by the British Parliament in 1807 was one of a series of legislative measures which led progressively to the abandonment of the slave economy in British held territories, culminating in the abolition of the legal framework of slavery in 1833 and in 1838 when the apprenticeship system was ended.1 The whole process whereby first the slave trade and then slavery itself were abolished can only be understood if all the different contexts, economic, military, political, ideological, cultural and social in which it took place are taken into account. The constant inter-connection of these contexts precludes any simple reliance on single explanations for the abolition of the slave trade, however tempting such explanations may be. In briefly summarising the nature of this multiple contextualisation, I do not wish to enter the on-going and fraught debate on the reasons for the abolition of the slave trade but simply to present it as a multi-faceted question, one which, like so many historical events, takes on a different appearance according to the position – in time and space – from which we approach it. Abolition and us In this respect, the first context which needs to be mentioned is that of our own relationship to the issue of slavery. The bicentenary of abolition in 2007 has seen the publication of a flood of articles, books, exhibitions and radio and television programmes in Britain and abroad. -
The Abolition of the British Slave Trade Sofía Muñoz Valdivieso (Málaga, Spain)
The Abolition of the British Slave Trade Sofía Muñoz Valdivieso (Málaga, Spain) 2007 marks the bicentenary of the Abolition of individual protagonists of the abolitionist cause, the Slave Trade in the British Empire. On 25 the most visible in the 2007 commemorations March 1807 Parliament passed an Act that put will probably be the Yorkshire MP William an end to the legal transportation of Africans Wilberforce, whose heroic fight for abolition in across the Atlantic, and although the institution Parliament is depicted in the film production of of slavery was not abolished until 1834, the 1807 Amazing Grace, appropriately released in Act itself was indeed a historic landmark. Britain on Friday, 23 March, the weekend of Conferences, exhibitions and educational the bicentenary. The film reflects the traditional projects are taking place in 2007 to view that places Wilberforce at the centre of commemorate the anniversary, and many the antislavery process as the man who came different British institutions are getting involved to personify the abolition campaign (Walvin in an array of events that bring to public view 157), to the detriment of other less visible but two hundred years later not only the equally crucial figures in the abolitionist parliamentary process whereby the trading in movement, such as Thomas Clarkson, Granville human flesh was made illegal (and the Sharp and many others, including the black antislavery campaign that made it possible), but voices who in their first-person accounts also what the Victoria and Albert Museum revealed to British readers the cruelty of the exhibition calls the Uncomfortable Truths of slave system. -
Four Roads to Emancipation: Lincoln, the Law, and the Proclamation Dr
Copyright © 2013 by the National Trust for Historic Preservation i Table of Contents Letter from Erin Carlson Mast, Executive Director, President Lincoln’s Cottage Letter from Martin R. Castro, Chairman of The United States Commission on Civil Rights About President Lincoln’s Cottage, The National Trust for Historic Preservation, and The United States Commission on Civil Rights Author Biographies Acknowledgements 1. A Good Sleep or a Bad Nightmare: Tossing and Turning Over the Memory of Emancipation Dr. David Blight……….…………………………………………………………….….1 2. Abraham Lincoln: Reluctant Emancipator? Dr. Michael Burlingame……………………………………………………………….…9 3. The Lessons of Emancipation in the Fight Against Modern Slavery Ambassador Luis CdeBaca………………………………….…………………………...15 4. Views of Emancipation through the Eyes of the Enslaved Dr. Spencer Crew…………………………………………….………………………..19 5. Lincoln’s “Paramount Object” Dr. Joseph R. Fornieri……………………….…………………..……………………..25 6. Four Roads to Emancipation: Lincoln, the Law, and the Proclamation Dr. Allen Carl Guelzo……………..……………………………….…………………..31 7. Emancipation and its Complex Legacy as the Work of Many Hands Dr. Chandra Manning…………………………………………………..……………...41 8. The Emancipation Proclamation at 150 Dr. Edna Greene Medford………………………………….……….…….……………48 9. Lincoln, Emancipation, and the New Birth of Freedom: On Remaining a Constitutional People Dr. Lucas E. Morel…………………………….…………………….……….………..53 10. Emancipation Moments Dr. Matthew Pinsker………………….……………………………….………….……59 11. “Knock[ing] the Bottom Out of Slavery” and Desegregation: -
Bury the Chains: the British Struggle to Abolish Slavery Free Ebook
FREEBURY THE CHAINS: THE BRITISH STRUGGLE TO ABOLISH SLAVERY EBOOK Adam Hochschild | 480 pages | 02 Feb 2012 | Pan MacMillan | 9781447211365 | English | London, United Kingdom Bury The Chains: The British Struggle to Abolish Slavery Eighteenth-century Britain was the world's leading centre for the slave trade. Profits soared and fortunes were made, but in things began to change. Bury The Chains tells the remarkable story of the men who sought to end slavery and brought the issue to the heart of British political life. Bury the Chains tells of the struggle to end slavery through the eyes of the few who plotted its downfall. Among them was John Newton, who worked on slave ships between West Africa and the. Bury the Chains is an analysis of the workings of the abolition movement in Britain in the late s and early s. The book examines the abolitionists as the first human rights campaigners in the modern world and draws comparisons with today's struggles for democracy and a universal declaration on human rights with the fight to abolish the slave trade in Britain and its colonies in Bury the Chains Bury the Chains: The British Struggle to Abolish Slavery Pan, London , pp. , £ IF one asked why slavery was abolished throughout the British Empire in the early nineteenth century, a likely answer would be that it was no longer economically viable; that wage slavery was more suitable for the developing capitalist economy than chattel slavery. Bury the Chains: The British Struggle to Abolish Slavery by Hochschild, Adam and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Eighteenth-century Britain was the world’s leading centre for the slave trade. -
Essex/Kent County African-Canadian Connections to the Ontario Curriculum for Grades 1 to 6 Social Studies, Grades 7 and 8 History and Geography
ESSEX/KENT COUNTY AFRICAN-CANADIAN CONNECTIONS TO THE ONTARIO CURRICULUM FOR GRADES 1 TO 6 SOCIAL STUDIES, GRADES 7 AND 8 HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY INTERNATIONAL MEMORIAL TO THE REVISED 2016 UNDERGROUND RAILROAD WINDSOR, ONTARIO, CANADA Table of Contents Preface …………………………………………………………… i Introduction to Study …………………………………………………………… ii Acknowledgements …………………………………………………………… iii Suggested Cross-Curricular Activities that can be used in All Grades to Celebrate African Canadian History…………………………………………………………………………... 1 An African Canadian Search …………………………………………………………… 2 African Canadian Timeline …………………………………………………………… 3 Overview Chart of African Canadian Connections to the Ontario Curriculum Social Studies/History and Geography, grades 1-8………………………………………………... 23 Grade 1: A. Heritage and Identify: Our Changing Roles and Responsibility………………………… 25 B. People and Environments: The Local Community……………………………………… 25 Profile of Rose Fortune Suggested Activities Grade 2: A. Heritage and Identify: Changing Family and Community Traditions…………………... 28 Emancipation Day Black History Month Kwanzaa McDougall Street Reunion North Buxton Homecoming B. People and Environments: Global Communities………………………………………... 32 Spirituals African Canadian Legends African Canadian Food or Soul Food African Canadian Performing Arts African Canadian Religion Grade 3 A. Heritage and Identity: Communities in Canada, 1780-1850…………………………….. 39 Hotel-Dieu Hospital Facts about Africa African Canadians as Loyalists, Enslaved People, and Settlers in Upper Canada Definition -
Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade 1 Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade
Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade 1 Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, (or The Society for The Abolition of The Slave Trade), was a British abolitionist group, formed on 22 May 1787, when twelve men gathered together at a printing shop in London, England. Origins The first statement by Dutch and German Quakers was signed at Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1688. English Quakers had begun to express their official disapproval of the slave trade since 1727 and promote reforms. From the 1750s, a number of Quakers in Britain's American colonies also began to oppose slavery, calling on English Quakers to take action, and encourage their fellow citizens, including Quaker slave owners, to improve conditions for slaves, educate their slaves in Christianity, reading and writing, and gradually emancipate them. An informal group of six Quakers pioneered the British abolitionist movement in 1783 when the London Society of Friends' yearly meeting presented its petition against the slave trade to parliament, signed by over 300 Quakers. They subsequently decided to form a small, committed, non-denominational group so as to gain greater Anglican and Parliamentary support. The new, non-denominational committee had nine Quaker members, who were debarred from standing for Parliament, and three Anglicans, which strengthened the committee's likelihood of influencing Parliament. Membership Nine of the twelve founding members of the Society for effecting the abolition of the slave trade were Quakers: John Barton; William Dillwyn; George Harrison; Samuel Hoare Jr; Joseph Hooper; John Lloyd; Joseph Woods Sr; James Phillips; and Richard Phillips.[1] Five of the Quakers had been amongst the informal group of six Quakers who had pioneered the movement in 1783 when the first petition against the slave trade was presented to parliament. -
Down but Not Out: How American Slavery Survived the Constitutional Era
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University History Theses Department of History 12-16-2015 Down But Not Out: How American Slavery Survived the Constitutional Era Jason Butler Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses Recommended Citation Butler, Jason, "Down But Not Out: How American Slavery Survived the Constitutional Era." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2015. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/history_theses/99 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of History at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOWN BUT NOT OUT: HOW AMERICAN SLAVERY SURVIVED THE CONSTITUTIONAL ERA by JASON E. BUTLER Under the Direction of H. Robert Baker, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Whether through legal assault, private manumissions or slave revolt, the institution of slavery weathered sustained and substantial blows throughout the era spanning the American Revolution and Constitutional Era. The tumult of the rebellion against the British, the inspiration of Enlightenment ideals and the evolution of the American economy combined to weaken slavery as the delegates converged on Philadelphia for the Constitutional Convention of 1787. Even in the South, it was not hard to find prominent individuals working, speaking or writing against slavery. During the Convention, however, Northern delegates capitulated to staunch Southern advocates of slavery not because of philosophical misgivings but because of economic considerations. Delegates from North and South looked with anticipation toward the nation’s expansion into the Southwest, confident it would occasion a slavery-based economic boom.