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Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: an Assessment of the Faunal Evidence Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series

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Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: an Assessment of the Faunal Evidence Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series Edited by Eric Delson Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA [email protected] Ross D. E. MacPhee Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA [email protected] Focal topics for volumes in the series will include systematic paleontology of all vertebrates (from agnathans to humans), phylogeny reconstruction, functional morphology, paleolithic archaeology, taphonomy, geochronology, historical biogeography, and biostratigraphy. Other fi elds (e.g., paleoclimatology, paleoecology, ancient DNA, total organismal community structure) may be considered if the volume theme emphasizes paleobiology (or archaeology). Fields such as modeling of physical processes, genetic methodology, nonvertebrates, or neontology are out of our scope. Volumes in the series may either be monographic treatments (including unpublished but fully revised dissertations) or edited collections, especially those focusing on problem-oriented issues, with multidisciplinary coverage where possible. Editorial Advisory Board Nicholas Conard (University of Tübingen), John G. Fleagle (Stony Brook University), Jean-Jacques Hublin (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology), Sally McBrearty (University of Connecticut), Jin Meng (American Museum of Natural, History), Tom Plummer (Queens College/CUNY), Kristi Curry Rogers (Science Museum of Minnesota), Ken Rose (Johns Hopkins University). Published and forthcoming titles in this series are listed at the end of this volume Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence Edited by René Bobe Department of Anthropology, The University of Georgia Athens, USA Zeresenay Alemseged Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig, Germany Anna K. Behrensmeyer Department of Paleobiology and Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Program Smithsonian Institution Washington, USA A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4020-3097-0 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-3098-7 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Cover image: Exposures of the Pliocene sediments at Dikika, Ethiopia, with specimens of Homo (KNM ER 3733) and Tragelaphus (KNM WT 18673) in the foreground. Cover composition and background photograph by Zeresenay Alemseged Tragelaphus photograph by René Bobe Homo photograph by David Brill Fossil images: Copyrighted by the National Museums of Kenya Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2007 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfi lming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. To the people and research institutions of Africa, and to the fi eldworkers and museum curators whose generosity, goodwill, time, and energy have made African fossils available to the scientifi c community. Acknowledgments We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to the many colleagues who have played a critical and constructive role as external reviewers of chapters in this volume: Peter Andrews, Margaret Avery, Ray Bernor, Laura Bishop, Rob Blumenschine, Christiane Denys, Craig Feibel, John Fleagle, David Fox, Henry Gilbert, Don Grayson, Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Andrew Hill, Leslea Hlusko, Clark Howell, Nina Jablonski, Martin Pickford, Kaye Reed, Martha Tappen, Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Elisabeth Vrba, Alan Walker, Alisa Winkler, and other reviewers who wish to remain anonymous. We are deeply grateful to the Smithsonian Institution and its Human Origins and Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems Programs, and especially the National Science Foundation and Physical Anthropology Program Director Mark Weiss, for encouragement and fi nancial support that made the 2004 Workshop on Faunal Evidence for Hominin Paleoecology possible (NSF Grant: #0422048). Finally, we thank Ross MacPhee, Tamara Welschot, and Judith Terpos for their encouragement and support through- out the process of putting together this volume and especially Eric Delson, whose vision, patience, and persistence helped us to bring this volume to a successful completion. vii Table of Contents Dedication v Acknowledgments vii List of Contributors xi Foreword xiii A.K. Behrensmeyer, Z. Alemseged, and R. Bobe Preface xvii A. Hill 1. Approaches to the analysis of faunal change during the East African Pliocene 1 A.K. Behrensmeyer, R. Bobe, and Z. Alemseged 2. Environmental hypotheses of Pliocene human evolution 25 R. Potts 3. African Pliocene and Pleistocene cercopithecid evolution and global climatic change 51 S.R. Frost 4. Patterns of change in the Plio-Pleistocene carnivorans of eastern Africa: Implications for hominin evolution 77 M.E. Lewis and L. Werdelin 5. Stratigraphic variation in Suidae from the Shungura Formation and some coeval deposits 107 H.B.S. Cooke 6. Patterns of abundance and diversity in late Cenozoic bovids from the Turkana and Hadar Basins, Kenya and Ethiopia 129 R. Bobe, A.K. Behrensmeyer, G.G. Eck, and J.M. Harris 7. Comparability of fossil data and its signifi cance for the interpretation of hominin environments: A case study in the lower Omo Valley, Ethiopia 159 Z. Alemseged, R. Bobe, and D. Geraads 8. The effects of collection strategy and effort on faunal recovery: A case study of the American and French collections from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia 183 G.G. Eck 9. Serengeti micromammals and their implications for Olduvai paleoenvironments 217 D.N. Reed ix x TABLE OF CONTENTS 10. Taphonomy and paleoecological context of the Upper Laetolil Beds (Localities 8 and 9), Laetoli in northern Tanzania 257 C. Musiba, C. Magori, M. Stoller, T. Stein, S. Branting, M. Vogt, R. Tuttle, B. Hallgrímsson, S. Killindo, F. Mizambwa, F. Ndunguru, and A. Mabulla 11. The paleoecology of the Upper Laetolil Beds at Laetoli: A reconsideration of the large mammal evidence 279 D.F. Su and T. Harrison 12. Fauna, taphonomy, and ecology of the Plio-Pleistocene Chiwondo Beds, Northern Malawi 315 O. Sandrock, O. Kullmer, F. Schrenk, Y.M. Juwayeyi, and T.G. Bromage Finale and future: Investigating faunal evidence for hominin paleoecology in East Africa 333 A.K. Behrensmeyer, Z. Alemseged, and R. Bobe Index 347 Geologic-geographic Names 351 Other terms 353 List of Contributors Z. Alemseged D. Geraads Department of Human Evolution UPR 2147 CNRS-44 rue de l’Amiral Mouchez Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology 75014 Paris, France Deutscher Platz 6 [email protected] 04103 Leipzig, Germany B. Hallgrímsson [email protected] Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy A.K. Behrensmeyer University of Calgary National Museum of Natural History Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Department of Paleobiology and Evolution [email protected] of Terrestrial Ecosystems Program J.M. Harris Smithsonian Institution George C. Page Museum P.O. Box 37012, NHB MRC 121 5801 Wilshire Boulevard Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA Los Angeles, California 90036, USA [email protected] [email protected] R. Bobe T. Harrison Department of Anthropology Department of Anthropology The University of Georgia Center for the Study of Human Origins Athens, GA 30602-1619, USA New York University [email protected] 25 Waverly Place S. Branting New York, NY 10003, USA Center for Ancient Middle Eastern Landscapes [email protected] (CAMEL) A. Hill The Oriental Institute Department of Anthropology The University of Chicago Yale University Chicago, IL 60637, USA P.O. Box 208277 [email protected] New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8277, USA T.G. Bromage [email protected] Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics Y.M. Juwayeyi New York University College of Dentistry Department of Sociology and Anthropology 345 East 24th Street Long Island University New York, NY 10010, USA 1 University Plaza Brooklyn [email protected] New York, NY 11201-5372, USA H.B.S. Cooke [email protected] 2133 – 154th Street S. Killindo White Rock, British Columbia, Canada V4A 4S5 Archaeology Unit [email protected] The University of Dar es Salaam G.G. Eck Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Department of Anthropology [email protected] University of Washington O. Kullmer Seattle, Washington 98195-3100, USA Department of Paleoanthropology and Quaternary [email protected] Paleontology S.R. Frost Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Department of Anthropology Senckenberganlage 25 1218 University of Oregon 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Eugene, OR 97403-1218, USA [email protected] [email protected] xi xii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS M.E. Lewis O. Sandrock Division of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Department of Geology and Paleontology (Biology) Hessisches Landesmuseum, Friedensplatz 1 The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany P.O. Box 195 [email protected] Pomona, New Jersey 08240-0195, USA F. Schrenk [email protected] Department of Vertebrate Paleobiology A. Mabulla Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Archaeology Unit Siesmayerstrasse 70 The University of Dar es Salaam 60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Dar es Salaam, Tanzania [email protected] [email protected] T. Stein
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