DOCSLIB.ORG

Curren T Anthropology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Forthcoming Current Anthropology Wenner-Gren Symposium Curren Supplementary Issues (in order of appearance) t VOLUME 54 SUPPLEMENT 8 DECEMBER 2013 Crisis, Value, and Hope: Rethinking the Economy. Susana Narotzky and Anthropolog Current Niko Besnier, eds. e Anthropology of Christianity: Unity, Diversity, New Directions. Joel Robbins and Naomi Haynes, eds. Anthropology Politics of the Urban Poor. Veena Das and Shalini Randeria, eds. y Previously Published Supplementary Issues THE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES December 2013 Working Memory: Beyond Language and Symbolism. omas Wynn and ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYS TO COMPLEXITY: Frederick L. Coolidge, eds. EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORIES IN THE MIDDLE Engaged Anthropology: Diversity and Dilemmas. Setha M. Low and Sally PALEOLITHIC AND MIDDLE STONE AGE Engle Merry, eds. GUEST EDITORS: STEVEN L. KUHN AND ERELLA HOVERS Corporate Lives: New Perspectives on the Social Life of the Corporate Form. Damani Partridge, Marina Welker, and Rebecca Hardin, eds. Alternative Pathways to Complexity V e Origins of Agriculture: New Data, New Ideas. T. Douglas Price and olum Mediterranean and Red Sea Paleoclimate Ofer Bar-Yosef, eds. Neanderthal Demographic Estimates e 54 Agreements and Misunderstandings among Three Scientific Fields e Biological Anthropology of Living Human Populations: World Histories, National Styles, and International Networks. Susan Lindee Hominin Evolution in the Middle-Late Pleistocene and Ricardo Ventura Santos, eds. Variability in the Middle Stone Age of Eastern Africa Supplement Roots of the Middle Paleolithic in Eurasia Human Biology and the Origins of Homo. Susan Antón and Leslie C. Aiello, eds. Middle Stone Age Hunting Strategies and Diet Breadth Trends versus Conservatism in the Predatory Niche Potentiality and Humanness: Revisiting the Anthropological Object in Technological Trends in the Middle Stone Age of South Africa Contemporary Biomedicine. Klaus Hoeyer and Karen-Sue Taussig, eds. Change and Stasis in the Iberian Middle Paleolithic 8 Lessons from the Levantine Middle Paleolithic Record Paleolithic Cultures in China Current Anthropology is sponsored by e Mechanisms behind MP and MSA Cultural Trajectories Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Population Size and the Paleolithic Archaeological Record Research, a foundation endowed for scientific, Page educational, and charitable purposes. e Measuring the Complexity of Lithic Technology Foundation, however, is not to be understood as s endorsing, by virtue of its financial support, any of S173–S406 the statements made, or views expressed, herein. Sponso r e d b y the W enner-Gren Founda tion f o r Anth r opologic a l Rese a r c h THE UNIVERSIT Y O F CHICAGO PRESS Wenner-Gren Symposium Series Editor: Leslie Aiello Wenner-Gren Symposium Series Managing Editors: Laurie Obbink and Daniel Salas Current Anthropology Editor: Mark Aldenderfer Current Anthropology Managing Editor: Lisa McKamy Book Reviews Editor: Holley Moyes Corresponding Editors: Claudia Briones (IIDyPCa-Universidad Nacional de Rı´o Negro, Argentina; [email protected]), Michalis Kontopodis (Humboldt Universita¨t zu Berlin, Germany; [email protected]), Jose´Luis Lanata (Universidad Nacional de Rı´o Negro San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina; [email protected]), David Palmer (Hong Kong University, China; [email protected]), Anne de Sales (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France; [email protected]), Zhang Yinong (Shanghai University, China; [email protected]) Please send all editorial correspondence to Reasons of practicality or law make it necessary or desirable Mark Aldenderfer to circulate Current Anthropology without charge in certain School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts portions of the world; it is hoped, however, that recipients of University of California, Merced this journal without charge will individually or collectively in 5200 North Lake Road various groups apply funds or time and energy to the world Merced, CA 95343, U.S.A. good of humankind through the human sciences. Information (fax: 209-228-4007; e-mail: [email protected]) concerning applicable countries is available on request. Individual subscription rates for 2014: $76 print ϩ elec- ᭧ 2013 by The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological tronic, $45 print-only, $44 e-only. Institutional print ϩ elec- Research. All rights reserved. Current Anthropology (issn tronic and e-only subscriptions are available through JSTOR’s 0011-3204) is published bimonthly in February, April, June, Current Scholarship Program and include unlimited online August, October, and December by The University of Chicago access; rates are tiered according to an institution’s type and Press, 1427 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-2954. research output: $314 to $628 (print ϩ electronic), $273 to Periodicals postage paid at Chicago, IL, and at additional $546 (e-only). Institutional print-only is $332. For additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to rates, including single copy rates and print-only or electronic- Current Anthropology, P.O. Box 37005, Chicago, IL 60637. only subscriptions, please visit www.journals.uchicago.edu/ CA. Additional taxes and/or postage for non-US subscriptions may apply. Free or deeply discounted access is available to readers in most developing nations through the Chicago Emerging Nations Initiative (www.journals.uchicago.edu/ ceni/). Please direct subscription inquiries, back-issue requests, and address changes to the University of Chicago Press, Jour- nals Division, P.O. Box 37005, Chicago, IL 60637. Telephone: (773) 753-3347 or toll-free in the United States and Canada (877) 705-1878. Fax: (773) 753-0811 or toll-free (877) 705- 1879. E-mail: [email protected] Current Anthropology Volume 54 Supplement 8 December 2013 Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age Leslie C. Aiello Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age: Wenner-Gren Symposium Supplement 8 S173 Steven L. Kuhn and Erella Hovers Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age: An Introduction to Supplement 8 S176 Eelco J. Rohling, Katharine M. Grant, Andrew P. Roberts, and Juan-Cruz Larrasoan˜a Paleoclimate Variability in the Mediterranean and Red Sea Regions during the Last 500,000 Years: Implications for Hominin Migrations S183 Jean-Pierre Bocquet-Appel and Anna Degioanni Neanderthal Demographic Estimates S202 Carles Lalueza-Fox Agreements and Misunderstandings among Three Scientific Fields: Paleogenomics, Archaeology, and Human Paleontology S214 Osbjorn M. Pearson Hominin Evolution in the Middle-Late Pleistocene: Fossils, Adaptive Scenarios, and Alternatives S221 Christian A. Tryon and J. Tyler Faith Variability in the Middle Stone Age of Eastern Africa S234 Steven L. Kuhn Roots of the Middle Paleolithic in Eurasia S255 Jamie L. Clark and Andrew W. Kandel The Evolutionary Implications of Variation in Human Hunting Strategies and Diet Breadth during the Middle Stone Age of Southern Africa S269 http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/CA MaryC.Stiner An Unshakable Middle Paleolithic? Trends versus Conservatism in the Predatory Niche and Their Social Ramifications S288 Sarah Wurz Technological Trends in the Middle Stone Age of South Africa between MIS 7 and MIS 3 S305 Ignacio de la Torre, Jorge Martı´nez-Moreno, and Rafael Mora Change and Stasis in the Iberian Middle Paleolithic: Considerations on the Significance of Mousterian Technological Variability S320 Erella Hovers and Anna Belfer-Cohen On Variability and Complexity: Lessons from the Levantine Middle Paleolithic Record S337 Xing Gao Paleolithic Cultures in China: Uniqueness and Divergence S358 Francesco d’Errico and William E. Banks Identifying Mechanisms behind Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age Cultural Trajectories S371 Mark Collard, Briggs Buchanan, and Michael J. O’Brien Population Size as an Explanation for Patterns in the Paleolithic Archaeological Record: More Caution Is Needed S388 Charles Perreault, P. Jeffrey Brantingham, Steven L. Kuhn, Sarah Wurz, and Xing Gao Measuring the Complexity of Lithic Technology S397 Current Anthropology Volume 54, Supplement 8, December 2013 S173 Alternative Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age Wenner-Gren Symposium Supplement 8 by Leslie C. Aiello Figure 1. Seated: Leslie Aiello, Xing Gao, Francesco d’Errico, Christian Tryon, Erella Hovers. Standing: Ignacio de la Torre, Jamie Clark, Sarah Wurz, Anna Degioanni, Eelco Rohling, Mary Stiner, Osbjorn Pearson, Mark Collard, Charles Perreault, Steve Kuhn, Ariel Malinsky-Buller. A color version of this photo appears in the online edition of Current Anthropology. The Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research supplement of Current Anthropology (see http://www has a long tradition of organizing symposia that deal with the .wennergren.org/history/conferences-seminars-symposia “big” questions in contemporary anthropology. Alternative /wenner-gren-symposia for a complete list of symposia and Pathways to Complexity: Evolutionary Trajectories in the Middle the history of the symposium program). The Alternative Path- Paleolithic and Middle Stone Age is the 145th in the sympo- ways symposium was organized by Steven L. Kuhn (University sium series and the eighth to be published as an open-access of Arizona, U.S.A.) and Erella Hovers (Hebrew University, Israel) and was held
Recommended publications
  • South African Palaeo-Scientists the Names Listed Below Are Just Some of South Africa’S Excellent Researchers Who Are Working Towards Understanding Our African Origins

    South African Palaeo-Scientists the Names Listed Below Are Just Some of South Africa’S Excellent Researchers Who Are Working Towards Understanding Our African Origins

    2010 African Origins Research MAP_Layout 1 2010/04/15 11:02 AM Page 1 South African Palaeo-scientists The names listed below are just some of South Africa’s excellent researchers who are working towards understanding our African origins. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN (UCT) Dr Thalassa Matthews analyses the Dr Job Kibii focuses PALAEOBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH thousands of tiny teeth and bones of fossil on how fossil hominid Professor Anusuya Chinsamy-Turan is one microfauna to reconstruct palaeoenviron- and non-hominid of only a few specialists in the world who mental and climatic changes on the west faunal communities coast over the last 5 million years. changed over time and African Origins Research studies the microscopic structure of bones of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and mammal-like uses this to reconstruct reptiles in order to interpret various aspects ALBANY MUSEUM, past palaeoenviron- of the biology of extinct animals. GRAHAMSTOWN ments and palaeo- A summary of current research into fossils of animals, plants and early hominids from the beginning of life on Earth to the Middle Stone Age PERMIAN AGE PLANTS ecology. THE HOFMEYR SKULL Dr Rose Prevec studies the “No other country in the world can boast the oldest evidence of life on Earth extending back more than 3 billion years, the oldest multi-cellular animals, the oldest land-living plants, Professor Alan Morris described the Glossopteris flora of South Africa (the PAST HUMAN BEHAVIOUR Hofmeyer skull, a prehistoric, fossilized ancient forests that formed our coal Professor Chris Henshilwood directs the most distant ancestors of dinosaurs, the most complete record of the more than 80 million year ancestry of mammals, and, together with several other African countries, a most remarkable human skull about 36 000 years old deposits) and their end-Permian excavations at Blombos Cave where that corroborates genetic evidence that extinction.
  • A Model for the Oceanic Mass Balance of Rhenium and Implications for the Extent of Proterozoic Ocean Anoxia

    A Model for the Oceanic Mass Balance of Rhenium and Implications for the Extent of Proterozoic Ocean Anoxia

    UC Riverside UC Riverside Previously Published Works Title A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1gh1h920 Journal GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA, 227 ISSN 0016-7037 Authors Sheen, Alex I Kendall, Brian Reinhard, Christopher T et al. Publication Date 2018-04-15 DOI 10.1016/j.gca.2018.01.036 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 227 (2018) 75–95 www.elsevier.com/locate/gca A model for the oceanic mass balance of rhenium and implications for the extent of Proterozoic ocean anoxia Alex I. Sheen a,b,⇑, Brian Kendall a, Christopher T. Reinhard c, Robert A. Creaser b, Timothy W. Lyons d, Andrey Bekker d, Simon W. Poulton e, Ariel D. Anbar f,g a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada b Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada c School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA d Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA e School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK f School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA g School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA Received 13 July 2017; accepted in revised form 30 January 2018; available online 8 February 2018 Abstract Emerging geochemical evidence suggests that the atmosphere-ocean system underwent a significant decrease in O2 content following the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), leading to a mid-Proterozoic ocean (ca.
  • The Rhinehart Collection Rhinehart The

    The Rhinehart Collection Rhinehart The

    The The Rhinehart Collection Spine width: 0.297 inches Adjust as needed The Rhinehart Collection at appalachian state university at appalachian state university appalachian state at An Annotated Bibliography Volume II John higby Vol. II boone, north carolina John John h igby The Rhinehart Collection i Bill and Maureen Rhinehart in their library at home. ii The Rhinehart Collection at appalachian state university An Annotated Bibliography Volume II John Higby Carol Grotnes Belk Library Appalachian State University Boone, North Carolina 2011 iii International Standard Book Number: 0-000-00000-0 Library of Congress Catalog Number: 0-00000 Carol Grotnes Belk Library, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608 © 2011 by Appalachian State University. All rights reserved. First Edition published 2011 Designed and typeset by Ed Gaither, Office of Printing and Publications. The text face and ornaments are Adobe Caslon, a revival by designer Carol Twombly of typefaces created by English printer William Caslon in the 18th century. The decorative initials are Zallman Caps. The paper is Carnival Smooth from Smart Papers. It is of archival quality, acid-free and pH neutral. printed in the united states of america iv Foreword he books annotated in this catalogue might be regarded as forming an entity called Rhinehart II, a further gift of material embodying British T history, literature, and culture that the Rhineharts have chosen to add to the collection already sheltered in Belk Library. The books of present concern, diverse in their
  • Cascading of Habitat Degradation: Oyster Reefs Invaded by Refugee Fishes Escaping Stress

    Cascading of Habitat Degradation: Oyster Reefs Invaded by Refugee Fishes Escaping Stress

    Ecological Applications, 11(3), 2001, pp. 764±782 q 2001 by the Ecological Society of America CASCADING OF HABITAT DEGRADATION: OYSTER REEFS INVADED BY REFUGEE FISHES ESCAPING STRESS HUNTER S. LENIHAN,1 CHARLES H. PETERSON,2 JAMES E. BYERS,3 JONATHAN H. GRABOWSKI,2 GORDON W. T HAYER, AND DAVID R. COLBY NOAA-National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516 USA Abstract. Mobile consumers have potential to cause a cascading of habitat degradation beyond the region that is directly stressed, by concentrating in refuges where they intensify biological interactions and can deplete prey resources. We tested this hypothesis on struc- turally complex, species-rich biogenic reefs created by the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina, USA. We (1) sampled ®shes and invertebrates on natural and restored reefs and on sand bottom to compare ®sh utilization of these different habitats and to characterize the trophic relations among large reef-as- sociated ®shes and benthic invertebrates, and (2) tested whether bottom-water hypoxia and ®shery-caused degradation of reef habitat combine to induce mass emigration of ®sh that then modify community composition in refuges across an estuarine seascape. Experimen- tally restored oyster reefs of two heights (1 m tall ``degraded'' or 2 m tall ``natural'' reefs) were constructed at 3 and 6 m depths. We sampled hydrographic conditions within the estuary over the summer to monitor onset and duration of bottom-water hypoxia/anoxia, a disturbance resulting from density strati®cation and anthropogenic eutrophication. Reduc- tion of reef height caused by oyster dredging exposed the reefs located in deep water to hypoxia/anoxia for .2 wk, killing reef-associated invertebrate prey and forcing mobile ®shes into refuge habitats.
  • The Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the Beginnings of Regional Identity

    The Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the Beginnings of Regional Identity

    Journal of Worm Prehistory, Vol. 2, No. 3. 1988 The Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the Beginnings of Regional Identity J. Desmond Clark ~ The history of research into the Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the present state of knowledge of this time period is examined for the region as a whole, with special reference to paleoenvironments. The known MSA sites and occurrences are discussed region by region and attempts are made to fit them into a more precise chronological framework and to assess their cultural affinities. The conclusion is reached that the Middle Stone Age lasted for some 150,000 years but considerably more systematic and in-depth research is needed into this time period, which is now perceived as of great significance since it appears to span the time of the evolution of anatomically Modern humans in the continent, perhaps in Last Africa. KEY WORDS: Middle Stone Age; Sangoan/Lupemban; long chronology; Archaic Homo sapiens; Modern H. sapiens. • . when we eventually find the skulls of the makers of the African Mousterian they will prove to be of non-Homo sapiens type, although probably not of Neanderthal type, but merely an allied race of Homo rhodesiensis. The partial exception.., of the Stillbay culture group is therefore explicable on the grounds that Homo sapiens influence was already at work. (Leakey, 1931, p. 326) The other view is that the cradle of the Aurignacian races lies hidden somewhere in the Sahara area, probably in the south-east, and that an early wave of movement carried one branch of the stock via Somaliland and the Straits of Bab el-Mandeb into Arabia, and thence to some unknown secondary centre of distribution in Asia.
  • Kapthurin Formation of Kenya, Full-Scale Block Excavation, with Some 52-M2 Surface Which Preserves a Welldated Sequence Ofacheulian Excavated in 2001

    Kapthurin Formation of Kenya, Full-Scale Block Excavation, with Some 52-M2 Surface Which Preserves a Welldated Sequence Ofacheulian Excavated in 2001

    WAMEAKUMA The Kaptlrnrin Formation The Kapthurin Formation is exposed west of Middle Pleistocene shes from Lake Baringo, Kenya, and forms the Middle the 'southern" Kapthurin Pleistoctneportionofthe~mHillssequence(see Formation of Kenya Hill 2002 and refirences therein). Hominid remains have been rccovcftd from sediments bracketed by Christian A. Tryon the Pumice Tuffmcmbcr(K2) and the 'Grcy Tuff;' University of Connecticut now dated by the 'OArPAr method to between 509 Department of Anthropology 9 ka and 543 f 4 ka @em and McBrearty 2002; BOX U-2176 Wood 1999). Archaeological sites arc aUriile Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA the Acheulian, MSA and possibly Sangoan and E-mail: [email protected] Faunsrmth.* TheseoccurwithintheMiddleSihsand Gravels member (K3) and tbc overlying Bddcd Tuff member (K4), the latter a complex of tufibous de positsandintercalatcdscdiment(Tal1m 1976,1978, Introduction Cornelissen et al. 1990; McBrearty et d. 1996; McBrearty 1999; Tryon and McBrearty 2002~). Fossil and genetic evidence is consistent with Tcphmstxatigraphic correlatim and a sequence of Afiican origin for sapiens during Mid- an Homo the '"ArPArdates on Wand lava document the tempo- dle Pleistocene (Stringer and An- 1988; Howell ral succession and age of these sites. This work has 1999; McBWand Brooks 2000). One notable demonstrated the complexity of the Acheulien-MSA feature of the Afican Middle Pleistocene archaeo- aansitioq with intmtmtified Achwlian and MSA logical word is the end Of the IMg-livad A&& sites,andshown~thistransitimwithiatheBaringo Industrial Complex and its replacement by diverse basin had by -285 Ica (TIYOUand McBrtarty industries of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) (Isaac 200% bin0 and McBreglty 2002). 1982; Clark 1994; McBrearty 2001).
  • Ritual Landscapes and Borders Within Rock Art Research Stebergløkken, Berge, Lindgaard and Vangen Stuedal (Eds)

    Ritual Landscapes and Borders Within Rock Art Research Stebergløkken, Berge, Lindgaard and Vangen Stuedal (Eds)

    Stebergløkken, Berge, Lindgaard and Vangen Stuedal (eds) and Vangen Lindgaard Berge, Stebergløkken, Art Research within Rock and Borders Ritual Landscapes Ritual Landscapes and Ritual landscapes and borders are recurring themes running through Professor Kalle Sognnes' Borders within long research career. This anthology contains 13 articles written by colleagues from his broad network in appreciation of his many contributions to the field of rock art research. The contributions discuss many different kinds of borders: those between landscapes, cultures, Rock Art Research traditions, settlements, power relations, symbolism, research traditions, theory and methods. We are grateful to the Department of Historical studies, NTNU; the Faculty of Humanities; NTNU, Papers in Honour of The Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and The Norwegian Archaeological Society (Norsk arkeologisk selskap) for funding this volume that will add new knowledge to the field and Professor Kalle Sognnes will be of importance to researchers and students of rock art in Scandinavia and abroad. edited by Heidrun Stebergløkken, Ragnhild Berge, Eva Lindgaard and Helle Vangen Stuedal Archaeopress Archaeology www.archaeopress.com Steberglokken cover.indd 1 03/09/2015 17:30:19 Ritual Landscapes and Borders within Rock Art Research Papers in Honour of Professor Kalle Sognnes edited by Heidrun Stebergløkken, Ragnhild Berge, Eva Lindgaard and Helle Vangen Stuedal Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Gordon House 276 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 7ED www.archaeopress.com ISBN 9781784911584 ISBN 978 1 78491 159 1 (e-Pdf) © Archaeopress and the individual authors 2015 Cover image: Crossing borders. Leirfall in Stjørdal, central Norway. Photo: Helle Vangen Stuedal All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners.
  • Raqefet Cave: the 2006 Excavation Season

    Raqefet Cave: the 2006 Excavation Season

    JournalTHE LATE of The NATUFIAN Israel Prehistoric AT RAQEFET Society CAVE 38 (2008), 59-131 59 The Late Natufian at Raqefet Cave: The 2006 Excavation Season DANI NADEL1 GYORGY LENGYEL1,2 FANNY BOCQUENTIN3 ALEXANDER TSATSKIN1 DANNY ROSENBERG1 REUVEN YESHURUN1 GUY BAR-OZ1 DANIELLA E. BAR-YOSEF MAYER4 RON BEERI1 LAURENCE CONYERS5 SAGI FILIN6 ISRAEL HERSHKOVITZ7 ALDONA KURZAWSKA8 LIOR WEISSBROD1 1 Zinman Institute of Archaeology, the University of Haifa, 31905 Mt. Carmel, Israel 2 Faculty of Arts, Institute of Historical Sciences, Department of Prehistory and Ancient History. University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemvros, Hungary 3 UMR 7041 du CNRS, Ethnologie Préhistorique, 21 Allée de l’Université, F-92023 Nanterre Cedex, France 4 Department of Maritime Civilizations and The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Israel 5 Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA 6 Department of Transportation and Geo-Information Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel 7 Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel 8 Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan Branch, Poland 59 60 NADEL D. et al. ABSTRACT A long season of excavation took place at Raqefet cave during the summer of 2006. In the first chamber we exposed an area rich with Natufian human burials (Locus 1), a large bedrock basin with a burial and two boulder mortars (Locus 2), an in situ Natufian layer (Locus 3), and two areas with rich cemented sediments (tufa) covering the cave floor (Loci 4, 5). The latter indicate that at the time of occupation the Natufian layers covered the entire floor of the first chamber.
  • Chapter 11: Northwestern Europe

    Chapter 11: Northwestern Europe

    Chapter 11: Northwestern Europe Unit 4 Section 1: Physical Geography Landforms • Plains and mountains • Northern European Plain/Great European Plain: – Flat – low-lying land – Southeastern England, western and central France, through Germany – Fertile soil • loess—a fine, rich, wind-born sediment left by glaciers Landforms • Alps: – High, jagged mountain range – South of the Northern European Plain – Southern France, through Switzerland and Austria, to the Balkan Peninsula – Mount Blanc is the highest peak: almost 16,000 ft Landforms • British Isles: – Great Britain – Ireland – Thousands of smaller islands – Rocky cliffs – Deep bays – Mountains – Plateaus – Valleys – Hills – Rolling plains Water Systems • Ocean transportation is important • Rivers are used to transport goods and people – Trade and tourism • Eleven significant lakes surround the Alps – Used for water power/energy – Water routes for transportation Water Systems Netherlands: • Much of the country is below seawater • Dikes—large banks of earth and stone to hold back water • Polders—area where seawater has been drained to create new land – Creates land that can be used for farming, settlement, etc. Climate, Biomes, and Resources • Mild climate in areas due to the North Atlantic Current • Different wind patterns can result in different climates/weather – Cold and snowy – Dry – Milder temperatures that will melt the snow Climate, Biomes, and Resources • Coal • Iron Ore • Oil • Natural Gas • Nuclear • Hydroelectricity • Wind power Section 2: Human Geography History and Government • Most of the region was once a part of the Roman empire • Roman Empire collapsed during the AD 400s; Germanic groups took control for hundreds of years History and Government • During the Roman empire, Christianity was the main religion.
  • Bibliography

    Bibliography

    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
  • Research Institute

    Research Institute

    SILSOE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Report on a visit to CENTRO DE INVESllGACION FORMACION Y EXTENSION EN MECANIZACION AGRICOLA Cochabamba, Bolivia, 12-23 January 1998 Undertaken on behalf of the International Development Group, Silsoe Research Institute by Frank Inns i Consultant on draught animals and equipment I mG/98/7 &~~ f '2:. .'t. I ~ jor ~ I Life AN INSTITUTE SPONSORED BY THE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES RESEARCH COUNCIL SUMMARY ii 1 TERMS OF REFERENCE 2 EQUIPMENT BROUGHT FROM THE U.K. 1 3 WORK DIARY 4 COMMENTARY. 13 5 FUTURE PROGRAMME 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 18 7 APPENDICES 19 APPENDIX 1: Termsof reference APPENDIX 2: SeminarPapers 20 APPENDIX 3: Equipment -specifications and comments. 33 APPENDIX 4: Suggestedresearch topics 39 I t SUMMARY The visit to CIFEMA extended over two weeks in January 1998. Its primary purpose was to introduce the concept of a single-donkey ploughing system using a high-lift harness (i.e. one with a steep angle of pull -about 300 in contrast to the customary angle of 200 or less) in conjunction with a lightweight plough. This system offers reduced draught and greater efficiency compared with more 'conventional' systems. A high-lift harness and two lightweight ploughs of slightly differing constructions were taken to Bolivia for demonstration and evaluation for potential manufacture by CIFEMA. They performed convincingly, generating considerable interest in single animal working. Enthusiasm was such that on the first working day a horse was fitted with a high-lift harness and put to work with the donkey plough, confirming that the high-lift concept is equally applicable to horse use.
  • Use-Trace Analysis of Bone Tools: a Brief Overview of Four

    Use-Trace Analysis of Bone Tools: a Brief Overview of Four

    South African Archaeological Bulletin 70 (201): 3–14, 2015 3 Research Article USE-TRACE ANALYSIS OF BONE TOOLS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF FOUR METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES JUSTIN BRADFIELD Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa E-mail: [email protected] (Received January 2015. Revised April 2015) ABSTRACT until mechanical failure results in a fracture (Johnson 1985; In comparison with some other parts of the world, there has been a Lakes et al. 1990; Kim et al. 2006; Rennick 2012). Adhesive wear marked lack of engagement with the functional study of bone tools in arises from frictional contact between two surfaces. However, southern Africa. Only a handful of researchers are actively conducting instead of resulting in material attrition, as occurs with abrasive work on this important aspect of material culture on the sub- wear, material from one object is transferred to the other continent. In this paper, I explore four avenues of use-trace analyses (LeMoine 1994; Francis 2002). The contact material is identified, that can be used to investigate the past function of bone tools, namely, based on the residue of the adhering material. Chemical wear is use-wear, macrofracture analysis, morphological residues studies and the physical alteration of a tool surface due to chemical action, micro-focus computed tomography. Despite the increasing application which normally occurs after deposition but which can also of sophisticated analytical software, definitions of use-traces still differ occur as a result of contact with skin and other acidic sub- among analysts. Here I provide a brief overview of various use-trace stances or organic enzymes.