DOCSLIB.ORG

Investigating Air Quality Impacts of Cruise Ship and Ferry Emissions in James Bay, Victoria, BC, Canada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Investigating Air Quality Impacts of Cruise Ship and Ferry Emissions in James Bay, Victoria, BC, Canada Investigating Air Quality Impacts of Cruise Ship and Ferry Emissions in James Bay, Victoria, BC, Canada by Karla Marjorie Lina Poplawski BSc, University of Victoria, 2006 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in the Department of Geography Karla Poplawski, 2009 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee Investigating Air Quality Impacts of Cruise Ship and Ferry Emissions in James Bay, Victoria, BC, Canada by Karla Marjorie Lina Poplawski BSc, University of Victoria, 2006 Supervisory Committee Dr. Peter Keller, (Department of Geography) Supervisor Dr. Maycira Costa, (Department of Geography) Departmental Member Dr. Andrew Kmetic, (Faculty of Human and Social Development) Outside Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr. Peter Keller (Department of Geography) Supervisor Dr. Maycira Costa (Department of Geography) Departmental Member Dr. Andrew Kmetic (Faculty of Human and Social Development) Outside Member The purpose of this thesis is to investigate air quality in the James Bay neighbourhood of Victoria, BC, Canada, and determine the effects of emissions from cruise ships and ferries on local air quality. A combination of field monitoring and air quality modeling conducted during the 2007 cruise ship season in Victoria is used to achieve this objective. Pollutants examined include nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), sulphur dioxide (SO 2) and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ). Field monitoring provides long-term average concentration levels throughout the area, while the California Puff Model (CALPUFF) is used to predict concentrations from ferry and cruise ship sources at shorter time periods (1-hour and 24-hour). The two methodologies used for this research quantify air quality in James Bay and establish a baseline of concentration levels which can be referred to during any future air quality studies in the area. Results show possible, yet infrequent, exceedences of Capital Regional District and World Health Organization 1-hour NO 2 and 24-hour SO 2 air quality guidelines in the study domain. The potential implications of these exceedences on health of residents will be assessed by the Vancouver Island Health Authority. iv Table of Contents Supervisory Committee ...................................................................................................... ii Abstract..............................................................................................................................iii Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………iv List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures.................................................................................................................... xi Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................... xiv List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................. xv Disclaimer ................................................................................................................. xvi Chapter 1 - Introduction .................................................................................... 1 1.1 James Bay Air Quality Study (JBAQS).............................................................. 3 1.2 James Bay, Victoria, BC, Canada....................................................................... 4 1.3 Ogden Point Cruise Ship Terminal..................................................................... 5 1.4 Marine Emissions................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Pollutants of Interest ......................................................................................... 18 1.5.1 Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2) ........................................................................ 18 1.5.2 Nitrogen Oxides (NO x) ....................................................................... 19 1.5.3 Primary Particulate Matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) ..................................... 20 1.5.4 Summary of Emission Sources in James Bay..................................... 21 1.6 Estimating Air Pollution Exposure................................................................... 22 1.7 Air Quality Guidelines, Standards and Objectives ........................................... 28 1.8 James Bay – is an air quality study warranted?................................................ 30 1.8.1 Dominant Wind Speed and Wind Direction ....................................... 30 1.8.2 CRD Regulatory Air Quality Monitoring Network ............................ 31 1.8.3 Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2)................................. 34 1.8.4 Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) ................................................................... 37 1.8.4 Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2) ........................................................................ 38 1.8.5 Conclusions of Topaz Emissions Analysis ......................................... 40 1.9 Main Goals and Research Questions ................................................................ 40 Chapter 2 - Overview of the Research Process .................................. 43 v Chapter 3 - Air Quality Monitoring ......................................................... 52 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 52 3.2 Methods.................................................................................................................. 53 3.2.1 Regulatory Monitoring Network Data.................................................... 54 3.2.2 Passive Diffusion Samplers .................................................................... 55 3.2.3 Nephelometers and Partisol Monitors..................................................... 56 3.2.4 Field Monitoring Summary .................................................................... 59 3.3 Results.................................................................................................................... 60 3.3.1 CRD Regulatory Network – Topaz Station ............................................ 60 3.3.2 Passive Sampling: NO, NO 2, SO 2........................................................... 66 3.3.3 Particulate Matter: Mass and Composition............................................. 76 3.3.4 Summary of Results................................................................................ 85 3.4 Discussion.............................................................................................................. 87 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 93 Chapter 4 - Air Quality Modeling .............................................................. 95 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 95 4.2 Methodology.......................................................................................................... 96 4.2.1 CALPUFF Modeling System.................................................................. 96 4.2.2 Model Configuration............................................................................. 101 4.2.3 Cruise Ship Emissions .......................................................................... 104 4.2.4 Ferry Emissions (M.V. Coho & Victoria Clipper) ............................... 108 4.2.5 Line and Point Source Configuration ................................................... 109 4.2.6 Meteorological and Emissions Data Validation ................................... 110 4.2.7 Discrete Receptors ................................................................................ 114 4.2.8 Background Concentration Levels........................................................ 115 4.3 Results.................................................................................................................. 117 4.3.1 Uncertainty Related to Model Results.................................................. 117 4.3.2 Maximum Model Predictions ............................................................... 119 4.3.3 Maximum 24-hour SO 2......................................................................... 120 4.3.4 Maximum 1-hour NO 2 .......................................................................... 125 4.3.5 Meteorological Conditions during of Maximum Concentrations......... 129 4.3.6 Model Performance Evaluation ............................................................ 131 4.4 Discussion............................................................................................................ 134 4.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 138 vi Chapter 5 - Final Discussion and Conclusions ................................. 140 References ................................................................................................................ 149 Appendix A - Ogawa Passive Diffusions Samplers: Technical Details ................ 163 Appendix B - Nephelometer Monitoring Dates and Durations ............................. 174 Appendix C - Partisol Monitoring and Metals Analysis........................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ogden Point Master Plan
    OGDEN POINT MASTER PLAN FINAL DRAFT Greater Victoria Harbour Authority December 2016 GVHA 2015/Heath Moffatt Photography OP CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3.0 CONNECTING OGDEN POINT 6.0 IMPLEMENTATION 6.1. PHASING 59 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6.2. MASTER PLAN ADMINISTRATION 59 6.3. BUSINESS STRATEGY 59 1.1. WHAT IS A MASTER PLAN? 1 GLOSSARY 28 30 32 1.2. HOW IS THE MASTER PLAN ORGANIZED? 2 4.0 BUILDING OGDEN POINT 1.4. PURPOSE OF THE MASTER PLAN 3 1.5. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 3 APPENDIX A 1.6. SITE CONTEXT 3 OGDEN POINT 1.3. VISION 3 FUNCTIONAL AND FACILITIES PLAN 2.0 THE PLAN APPENDIX B 36 40 42 COMPREHENSIVE ZONING PENDING 2.1. GENERAL PLAN 5 DEVELOPMENT–OGDEN POINT 2.2. DEVELOPMENT AREAS 6 5.0 SUSTAINING OGDEN POINT 2.3. MASSING DIAGRAMS 11 APPENDIX C 2.4. POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SITE STATISTICS PENDING STATISTICS 16 2.5. CONCEPTUAL CROSS SECTIONS 19 48 54 56 FINAL DRAFT Greater Victoria Harbour Authority Ogden Point Master Plan December 2016 i Acknowledgments The Ogden Point Master Plan (OPMP) establishes policies and guidelines to direct the future development of the Ogden Point Facility for the next 30 years. The OPMP has been prepared with acknowledge and respect of the Songhees and Esquimalt Nation on whose territorial lands Ogden Point is located. The Greater Victoria Harbour Authority GVHA gratefully acknowledges the ongoing participation and valuable input of a broad range of partners, stakeholders, citizens and importantly, The James Bay Neighbourhood Association and neighbourhood residents who attended meetings, answered surveys, provided pictures and participated in the development of this plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ogden Point Marine Market Assessment
    GREATER VICTORIA HARBOUR AUTHORITY MARKET ASSESSMENT Prepared for Greater Victoria Harbour Authority December 3, 2012 Martin Associates 941 Wheatland Ave., Suite 203 Lancaster, PA 17603 www.martinassoc.net TABLE OF CONTENTS MARKET ANALYSIS FOR CARGO OPPORTUNITIES AT OGDEN POINT MARINE TERMINAL - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. 1 Log Opportunity .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Automobile Ferry Service and Storage .................................................................................................................. 2 Container Feeder Service....................................................................................................................................... 3 Yacht Relocation ................................................................................................................................................... 4 Inner Harbour Fish Processing Relocation ............................................................................................................. 4 Construction Industry Support .............................................................................................................................. 5 Expansion of Cable Laying and Maintenance Operation ...................................................................................... 6 Boat Storage and Topside Repair .........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ogden Point Cruise Related Operations USER GUIDE
    Ogden Point Cruise Related Operations USER GUIDE MANAGED BY WESTERN STEVEDORING AS AGENT/MANAGER OGDEN POINTTERMINAL VICTORIA, B.C. Updated: March 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3 TAXICAB ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 PRIVATE VEHICLE FOR HIRE ................................................................................................................................................................. 11 BUS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 SHUTTLE ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 PEDICAB ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 RICKSHAW .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 HORSE-DRAWN
    [Show full text]
  • Ogden Point Cruise Ship Schedule
    Western Stevedoring Page 1 of 12 Cruisedb:ScheduleWithBerthsMilestones 2021 CRUISE SHIP SCHEDULE Printed 10/6/2020 16:31 OGDEN POINT, VICTORIA, BC BERTH DATE VESSEL FROM ETA ETD TO # PASS CRUISE LINE LGTH MILESTONE South B Apr 13 Tue EMERALD PRINCESS San Francisc 13:00 23:00 Vancouver 3,080 Princess Cruise Lines 951 ' South A Apr 22 Thu NORWEGIAN BLISS San Francisc 12:00 20:00 Vancouver 4,250 Norwegian Cruise Line 1069.2 ' South B Apr 27 Tue VOLENDAM San Francisc 14:00 23:00 Vancouver 1,440 Holland America Line 777 ' South B Apr 29 Thu RUBY PRINCESS Vancouver 7:00 14:00 San Francisco 3,080 Princess Cruise Lines 947 ' South A Apr 29 Thu NORWEGIAN ENCORE San Francisc 8:00 20:00 Seattle 3,998 Norwegian Cruise Line 1094 ' South B Apr 30 Fri EMERALD PRINCESS Nawiliwili 9:00 22:00 Seattle 3,080 Princess Cruise Lines 951 ' North B Apr 30 Fri KONINGSDAM San Francisc 14:00 22:00 Vancouver 2,650 Holland America Line 975 ' South A Apr 30 Fri NORWEGIAN BLISS Ketchikan 19:00 23:59 Seattle 4,250 Norwegian Cruise Line 1069.2 ' Scheduled Arrivals for Month: 8 Arrival and Departure dates and times are subject Revised: Tue. October 06, 2020 To view or print a schedule, go to to change without notice. http://victoriacruise.ca/page/cruise-schedule Western Stevedoring Page 2 of 12 Cruisedb:ScheduleWithBerthsMilestones 2021 CRUISE SHIP SCHEDULE Printed 10/6/2020 16:31 OGDEN POINT, VICTORIA, BC BERTH DATE VESSEL FROM ETA ETD TO # PASS CRUISE LINE LGTH MILESTONE South B May 01 Sat CELEBRITY ECLIPSE Petropavlovs 8:00 19:00 Vancouver 2,850 Celebrity Cruise Line
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism Victoria Presentation Title
    Welcome to Tourism Victoria’s 2016 Business Plan Launch! Follow the action on Twitter: @TvicTweeters @YYJConferences #TVICBPL Victoria…It’s More Than That #TVICBPL #TVICBPL Tourism Victoria Overview Why We Exist Mission • We inspire the world to experience our destination #TVICBPL Why We Exist Vision • Tourism Victoria will be internationally recognized as a leader in sustainable tourism development, ensuring Greater Victoria remains one of the top destinations in the world #TVICBPL Why We Exist: Customer Recall Source: Tourism Victoria Exit Survey, 2014 #TVICBPL Why We Exist: Measured Results 78:1 2015 Campaign ROI Source: Insignia Research #TVICBPL Stakeholders #TVICBPL 2015 Overview #TVICBPL 2015: Others Taking Notice Gold Victoria, the Idea Capital Video Book Sales Brochure Gold Victoria, Beyond Words Baggins Shoes Partnership Garden Destination of the Year International Garden Tourism Network #TVICBPL Year 2 of 3 Year Plan #TVICBPL 2016 Objectives #TVICBPL Strategy Map #TVICBPL MRDT Renewal Agreement • Remove Grandfather status and grant Tourism Victoria Eligible Entity status • Sales and Marketing at Victoria Conference Centre • Industry Contribution to David Foster Harbour Pathway • Voluntarily Increase MRDT from 2% to 3% #TVICBPL Collaboration: Meetings Integration #TVICBPL Collaboration: Ottawa Mission #TVICBPL Belleville Terminal Video #TVICBPL Alignment #TVICBPL Regional Gateway #TVICBPL Research and Analytics Tourism Sector Performance Source: Chemistry Consulting, Destination BC, Conference Board of Canada #TVICBPL Increasing Room Nights Sold and Revenue, Sustaining Peak Occupancy 160,000 100% 70% Annual 90% 140,000 Average Occupancy 80% in 2015 120,000 70% 100,000 60% 80,000 50% 40% 60,000 30% 40,000 20% 20,000 10% 0 0% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Room Nights Sold Available Room Nights Occupancy Rate 2014 Occupancy Rate Source: Chemistry Consulting #TVICBPL 2016 Focus on U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • FROM the GROUND up a Passenger’S Perspective on Helijet’S Flight Operations
    WINTER 2015-16 IN-FLIGHT REVIEW 7 WHISTLER WINTER THRILLS FROM THE BEYOND THE CLASSROOM GROUND UP Experiential education Helijet’s flight operations NANAIMO NOW COMPLIMENTARY COPY ISSN 1916-5080 IN-FLIGHT REVIEW City in transition VOL 8 ISSUE 4 What can IB at GNS? GNS: OPEN HOUSE DAILY Glenlyon www.mygns.ca Norfolk IB CONTINUUM CONTINUUM DE L’IB School CONTINUO DEL IB 250.370.6801 | Victoria, BC IN-FLIGHT REVIEW Winter 2015-16 • Volume 8 • Number 4 Page 39: Exploring ice caves on the Pemberton Ice Cap is DEPARTMENTS just one of several new winter adventure tours offered by 04 EDITORIAL Whistler-based Headline Santa’s Sweet Sled Mountain Holidays. BY KRIS KRINGLE 06 NEW & NOTABLE IN-FLIGHT REVIEW MAGAZINE BY BOB LOBLAW Publisher/Editor Garth Eichel FEATURES Art Director Brent Foote Account Manager Garth Eichel CONTRIBUTORS Sue Dunham 18 NANAIMO NOW Garth Eichel Sue Kernaghan A hard-working Kris Kringle harbour city in Bob Loblaw Heath Moffatt transition Danielle Pope STORY BY DANIELLE POPE For information on display advertising opportunities, contact Garth Eichel at: 24 FROM THE [email protected] GROUND UP Published by A passenger’s perspective on Helijet’s flight operations STORY BY SUE DUNHAM 1248 Woodway Road Victoria BC V9A 6Y6 31 BEYOND THE Tel 250.380.3961 CLASSROOM Fax 250.380.3962 www.archipelagomedia.com Experiential education opportunities enhance Please send comments and suggestions to student learning Garth Eichel, Publisher: STORY BY GARTH EICHEL [email protected] In-Flight Review (IFR) is a quarterly magazine published by Archipelago Above: A pair of Helijet Media Ltd.
    [Show full text]
  • Settler Responses to the 1862 Smallpox Epidemic in Victoria
    “A fit judgement for their intolerable wickedness”: Settler Responses to the 1862 Smallpox Epidemic in Victoria by Wade MacAulay Supervised by Dr. Peter Cook A Graduating Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements, in the Honours Program. For the Degree of Bachelor of Arts In the Department of History The University of Victoria 4 April 2016 i Contents Introduction 1 Settler discourse around the smallpox epidemic 12 Conclusions 34 Bibliography 37 ii List of Figures Map of Victoria, 1861, with locations of “Northerners’ Encampments” 11 1 Introduction The events of the 1862 smallpox epidemic in Victoria are well evidenced in contemporary press coverage and have been studied by several scholars. Victoria’s daily newspapers, the British Colonist and the Daily Press, reported the appearance of smallpox amongst recent arrivals from San Francisco on 26 March.1 The Colonist went further to advocate immediate quarantine; it feared particularly that the disease should spread to the “horde of Indians on the outskirts of the town”.2 Certain prudent measures were promptly taken: doctor and local landowner and legislator Sebastian Helmcken vaccinated “King Freezy” and other prominent local Songhees, and Governor James Douglas requested funding from the legislative council to construct a dedicated hospital.3 Reverend Alexander Garrett would also care for the afflicted.4 In spite of these measures, by late April the disease had spread to encampments outside the town, where Tsimshian, Haida, Tlingit, and Kwakwaka’wakw people lived seasonally while working in and near the town.5 Shortly after this, the Daily Press was “happy to state” that Police Commissioner Augustus Pemberton had made plans to remove indigenous people from the town and to expel the “Northern Indians” from the encampments.6 It is unclear how this decision was reached and on whose authority.
    [Show full text]
  • Ogden Point Cruise Ship Schedule
    Western Stevedoring Page 1 of 10 Cruisedb:ScheduleWithBerths 2019 CRUISE SHIP SCHEDULE Printed 5/22/2019 09:57 OGDEN POINT, VICTORIA, BC BERTH DATE VESSEL FROM ETA ETD TO # PASS CRUISE LINE LGTH North B Apr 16 Tue CELEBRITY ECLIPSE Seattle 8:00 17:00 Vancouver 2,850 Celebrity Cruise Line 1041 ' South B Apr 30 Tue ISLAND PRINCESS Astoria 9:00 21:00 Vancouver 1,974 Princess Cruise Lines 964 ' Scheduled Arrivals for Month: 2 Arrival and Departure dates and times are subject Revised: Tue. May 21, 2019 To view or print a schedule, go to to change without notice. http://victoriacruise.ca/page/cruise-schedule Western Stevedoring Page 2 of 10 Cruisedb:ScheduleWithBerths 2019 CRUISE SHIP SCHEDULE Printed 5/22/2019 09:57 OGDEN POINT, VICTORIA, BC BERTH DATE VESSEL FROM ETA ETD TO # PASS CRUISE LINE LGTH South B May 02 Thu RUBY PRINCESS Glacier Bay 12:00 19:00 Los Angeles 3,080 Princess Cruise Lines 947 ' South A May 02 Thu NORWEGIAN BLISS San Francisc 13:00 23:59 Vancouver 4,250 Norwegian Cruise Lin1069.2 ' North B May 02 Thu EURODAM San Diego 14:00 23:00 Vancouver 2,104 Holland America Line 935 ' South B May 03 Fri NIEUW AMSTERDAM San Francisc 14:00 22:30 Vancouver 2,106 Holland America Line 936 ' North B May 03 Fri OOSTERDAM San Diego 14:00 23:00 Vancouver 1,916 Holland America Line 936 ' South B May 06 Mon STAR PRINCESS Glacier Bay 12:00 19:00 Los Angeles 2,590 Princess Cruise Lines 950 ' North B May 07 Tue VOLENDAM San Francisc 14:00 23:00 Vancouver 1,440 Holland America Line 777 ' South B May 08 Wed National Geographic Ven San Juan Isla 8:00
    [Show full text]
  • Victoria As a Port-Of-Call: the Costs and Benefits of Cruise Ship Visits
    Victoria as a Port-of-Call: the Costs and Benefits of Cruise Ship Visits A report prepared for the James Bay Neighbourhood Association Dr. Brian L. Scarfe March 2011 BriMar Consultants Ltd. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Victoria as a Port-of-Call: the Costs and Benefits of Cruise Ship Visits Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... iv Chapter One: A Descriptive Picture (a) Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 (b) Cruise ship visits: summer 2009............................................................................................... 2 (i) Schedule and weekly patterns (ii) Arrivals and departures (iii) Service to Seattle-based cruise ships (c) The people movement problem ................................................................................................ 5 (d) Methodology............................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter Two: Economic Output Impacts (a) Local expenditures of passengers and crew .......................................................................... 10 (b) Local direct expenditures of cruise ships .............................................................................. 14 (c) Total economic output impacts..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIA RELEASE: SEASPAN VESSELS to MOOR at OGDEN POINT 15-Year Agreement for Dock and Workshop Space
    Greater Victoria Harbour Authority Seaspan Marine Corporation 189 Dallas Road, Victoria, BC, V8V 1A1 #10-203 Harbour Road, Victoria, BC, V9A 3S2 Contact: Rebecca Penz Contact: Kevin Ashley Manager, Sustainability & Quality Mgt. Superintendent, Vancouver Island Marine Operations 250-886-8035 250-812-0954 [email protected] [email protected] For Immediate Release Wednesday, August 8, 2012 MEDIA RELEASE: SEASPAN VESSELS TO MOOR AT OGDEN POINT 15-Year Agreement For Dock And Workshop Space Victoria, British Columbia: The picturesque Unity Mural on the Ogden Point breakwater will soon look upon a new float and several working tugs. Greater Victoria Harbour Authority (GVHA) has signed a 15- year lease with Seaspan Marine Corporation for water and upland space at Ogden Point. The agreement includes more than 8,500 ft2 of water area for a dock and gangway to moor Seaspan tugs on the inside of the breakwater, a 2,500 ft2 section of the Pier A warehouse to use as a workshop for repairing and maintaining vessels, and a parking area for Seaspan employees. The initial five year term runs from August 1, 2012 to July 31, 2017, with two five-year renewal options. “We are very excited to be moving in to this great location at Ogden Point,” said Robert Hedley, Senior Vice President of Marine Operations at Seaspan. “Vancouver Island and Victoria, in particular, have a deep maritime heritage. We enjoy great relationships with GVHA, the Pacific Pilotage Authority and other long term customers. This new operations base for our tugs reflects Seaspan’s commitment to servicing the marine industry and the community for many years to come.” Curtis Grad, GVHA President and CEO, noted that Seaspan’s move to Ogden Point represents an excellent step forward in the continued diversification of marine activity on the site.
    [Show full text]
  • RIPPLE EFFECTS: the Need to Assess the Impacts of Cruise Ships in Victoria B.C
    RIPPLE EFFECTS: The Need to Assess the Impacts of Cruise Ships in Victoria B.C. By Karen Gorecki and Bruce Wallace 2003 Vancouver Island Public Interest Research Group PO Box 3035 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P3 Physical address: Student Union Bldg, SUB B120-122, UVIC Phone: 250-472-4386 fax: 250-721-7285 [email protected] www.vipirg.ca Acknowledgements This project was made possible through the support from the Youth Action Effecting Change and the Vancouver Island Public Interest Research Group (VIPIRG). Endless thanks to Ross Klein, Howard Breen and Amy Crook for their continuous and selfless support in strategizing, providing insights, and editing. It is inspiring to see such dedicated individuals committed to protecting our environment and communities. Many thanks also go to Andrea Mears, Tuval Dinner, Ena Wallace, Stacy Chappel, Tim Richards and Nicole Lindsay for additional research and assistance. The Vancouver Island Public Interest Research Group is a student- based, non-profit organization at the University of Victoria dedicated to research, advocacy and action on social and environmental issues. Just as this report was being completed, the media was reporting that the Norwegian Sun had dumped raw sewage into Juan de Fuca Strait. En route to Victoria’s Ogden Point, the Norwegian Sun dumped 62,000 litres of raw sewage into waters just southeast of Victoria, near Por t Townsend. The ship had inte nded to discharge all of its “grey water” into the Strait but instead accidentally flushe d untreated human wastes for a half hour. Norwegian Cruise Line says the dumping, although accidental, is still totally legal.
    [Show full text]
  • West, 49, 168 Yale Hotel
    23_041246 bindex.qxp 11/10/06 12:23 PM Page 293 Index See also Accommodations and Restaurant indexes, below. GENERAL INDEX Alcheringa Gallery (Victoria), Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, 248 218 Alexandra Park (Vancouver), 145 The Arts Club Backstage AAA (American Automobile The Alibi Room (Vancouver), Lounge (Vancouver), 173 Association), 56 172 Arts Club Theatre (Vancouver), AAA Horse & Carriage Ltd. Alice Lake Provincial Park, 270 120 (Vancouver), 131 Alley Cat Rentals (Vancouver), Arts Club Theatre Company AARP, 31 133 (Vancouver), 169 Abbottsford International Air All Fun Recreation Park Asia West (Vancouver), 157 Show (Vancouver), 25–26 (Victoria), 229 The Atlantic Trap and Gill Abkhazi Garden (Victoria), 217 Alliance for Arts and Culture (Vancouver), 172 Accent Cruises (Vancouver), 130 (Vancouver), 168 ATMs (automated-teller Accommodations, 37–38. See Altus Mountain Gear machines), 21–22 also Accommodations index (Vancouver), 166 ATVs, 274 Tofino, 285–287 Ambleside Park (Vancouver), Au Bar (Vancouver), 175 Ucluelet, 284 133 Australia Vancouver, 1, 60–80 Ambulance, Vancouver, 57 consulate, 57 best, 11–12, 61–63 American Airlines, 31 customs regulations, 20 Victoria, 2, 187–204 American Automobile Associa- Auto insurance, 28–29 best, 12–14, 187–189 tion (AAA), 56 Avalon Metaphysical Centre Web surfing for, 36 American Express, traveler’s (Victoria), 248 Whistler Blackcomb, 262–270 checks, 21 Adam’s Fishing Charters Amtrak, 33 (Victoria), 232–233 Ancient Cedars area, 276 acchus Lounge (Vancouver), Addresses, finding B Annual Brant
    [Show full text]