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Thanaheritage: an Analytical Merger Between Historic Preservation and Thanatourism

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Thanaheritage: an Analytical Merger Between Historic Preservation and Thanatourism THANAHERITAGE: AN ANALYTICAL MERGER BETWEEN HISTORIC PRESERVATION AND THANATOURISM By KYRA NICOLE LUCAS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2017 © 2017 Kyra Lucas To Walt Disney, for getting me through life, and Myra and Bill Doniger, for nurturing my research since I was a child ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to thank my mom and grandpa Charles, for constantly reminding me how proud they are, even when I was not proud of myself, and especially when they knew I needed it. I would like to thank my father, for always supporting the craziest of ideas and nurturing my belief in the impossible yet always bringing me back to reality. I would like to thank my sister, who never for a second doubted my abilities and always pushed me to do more. I would like to thank my boyfriend, Adrian, who patiently waited and understood when I was too busy with my research to talk but was always the first one to alleviate my nervous breakdowns, anxiety attacks, and panic attacks. Of my colleagues and professors, I would like to thank Mrs. Linda Stevenson, for always being a true friend to me and helping me when I was not sure where else to turn. Finally, to Mr. Morris Hylton III, my amazing mentor and director, even though my research was so far from yours, you always took the time to understand it to the fullest, to gently push me in the right direction, and to understand that I was not like your other students. I am so grateful for your kindness and generosity. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 9 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 12 2 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 19 Thanatourism .......................................................................................................... 19 Frameworks ...................................................................................................... 23 Motivations ....................................................................................................... 28 Inference .......................................................................................................... 31 Historic Preservation ............................................................................................... 33 History and Value ............................................................................................. 33 Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................. 35 Integrity............................................................................................................. 37 Tangible to Intangible ....................................................................................... 41 Authenticity ....................................................................................................... 46 Deductions .............................................................................................................. 49 3 RESEARCH METHODS ......................................................................................... 50 Overview ................................................................................................................. 50 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 51 Case Study Development ....................................................................................... 52 Content Analysis ..................................................................................................... 56 4 AUSCHWITZ-BIRKENAU ....................................................................................... 58 Background Information .......................................................................................... 58 Wartime History ................................................................................................ 58 Postwar History ................................................................................................ 64 Case Study Analysis ............................................................................................... 70 Secondary History ............................................................................................ 70 Physical Thanaheritage .................................................................................... 71 Intangible Heritage and Visitor Motivation ........................................................ 72 5 Economic Sustainability.................................................................................... 74 Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................. 75 Mission and Goals ............................................................................................ 76 5 BUCHENWALD ...................................................................................................... 79 Background Information .......................................................................................... 79 Wartime History ................................................................................................ 79 Postwar History ................................................................................................ 84 Case Study Analysis ............................................................................................... 91 Secondary History ............................................................................................ 91 Physical Thanaheritage .................................................................................... 92 Intangible Heritage and Visitor Motivation ........................................................ 93 Economic Sustainability.................................................................................... 94 Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................. 95 Mission and Goals ............................................................................................ 96 6 OUTCOMES ........................................................................................................... 98 7 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 102 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 107 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 112 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 1-1 Power of the NRHP ............................................................................................ 42 1-2 Responsibilities of the SHPO.............................................................................. 43 4-1 List of Exhibitions at the Auschwitz National Museum ........................................ 74 6-1 Outcomes ........................................................................................................... 98 7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure page 1-1 Thanatourism Categories .................................................................................. 24 4-1 Map of Auschwitz I (Main Camp). ..................................................................... 59 4-2 Image of Karl Bischoff’s handwritten note to increase prisoner capacity from 550 to 774........................................................................................................... 60 4-3 Blueprints for the Barracks at Auschwitz II-Birkenau. ......................................... 61 4-4 Map of Auschwitz II-Birkenau ............................................................................ 63 4-5 Map of Auschwitz as of Summer 1944 .............................................................. 64 4-6 Financial Distribution at Auschwitz .................................................................... 75 5-1 Map of Original Buchenwald Concentration Camp ............................................ 80 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDU Christian Democratic Union GDR German Democratic Republic ICCROM International Center for the Study of Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites KPD Kommunistiche Partei Deutschlands – Communist Party of Germany NGO Non-governmental Organization NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NRHP National Register of Historic Places SHPO State Historic Preservation Offices SS Schutzstaffel – Adolf Hitler’s paramilitary UNESCO United Nation’s Educational, Social, and Cultural Organization USHMM United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 9 Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Historic
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