Studies on the Extraction and Characterization of Pectin and Bitter
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Their Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities
antioxidants Article Semi-Continuous Subcritical Water Extraction of Flavonoids from Citrus unshiu Peel: Their Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities Dong-Shin Kim and Sang-Bin Lim * Department of Food Bioengineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 9 April 2020; Accepted: 24 April 2020; Published: 25 April 2020 Abstract: We extracted and hydrolyzed bioactive flavonoids from C. unshiu peel using subcritical water (SW) in a semi-continuous mode. The individual flavonoid yields, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the SW extracts were analyzed. The extraction yields of hesperidin and narirutin increased with increasing temperature from 145 ◦C to 165 ◦C. Hydrothermal hydrolysis products (HHP), such as monoglucosides (hesperetin-7-O-glucoside and prunin) and aglycones (hesperetin and naringenin) were obtained in the SW extracts at temperatures above 160 ◦C. The sum of hesperidin and its HHP in the SW extracts was strongly correlated with antioxidant activities, whereas the contents of hesperetin and naringenin were strongly correlated with enzyme inhibitory activities. Hesperetin exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity), whereas hesperetin-7-O-glucoside exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activities (angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) and pancreatic lipase (PL)). Naringenin exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activities (xanthine oxidase and α-glucosidase). PMFs (sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin) also exhibited relatively high inhibitory activities against ACE and PL. This study confirms the potential of SW for extracting and hydrolyzing bioactive flavonoids from C. unshiu peel using an environmentally friendly solvent (water) and a shorter extraction time. -
Antifungal Activity of Natural and Enzymatically-Modified Flavonoids
Food Chemistry 124 (2011) 1411–1415 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Antifungal activity of natural and enzymatically-modified flavonoids isolated from citrus species Maria Paula Salas a,b,*, Gustavo Céliz c, Hugo Geronazzo c, Mirta Daz c, Silvia Liliana Resnik b,d a Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANCYPT), Argentina b Departamento de Industrias, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina c Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, Salta, Argentina d Comisión Científica de Investigaciones, Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina article info abstract Article history: The antifungal activity of isolated flavonoids from Citrus species, such as naringin, hesperidin and neohes- Received 2 November 2009 peridin, and enzymatically-modified derivatives of these compounds, was studied on four fungi often Received in revised form 17 June 2010 found as food contaminants: Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium semitectum and Penicillium Accepted 27 July 2010 expansum. Although all the flavonoids showed antifungal activity, the intensity of this activity depended on the type of fungus and compound used. The hesperetin glucoside laurate strongly inhibited the myce- lial growth of P. expansum, while prunin decanoate was the most inhibiting flavonoid for A. flavus, A. par- Keywords: asiticus, and F. semitectum. Flavonoids The flavonoids naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin, obtained as byproducts at low cost from the Mycelial growth Fungal growth residues of the citrus industries, present an interesting option for these industries. -
The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants
medicines Review The Phytochemistry of Cherokee Aromatic Medicinal Plants William N. Setzer 1,2 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-824-6519 2 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA Received: 25 October 2018; Accepted: 8 November 2018; Published: 12 November 2018 Abstract: Background: Native Americans have had a rich ethnobotanical heritage for treating diseases, ailments, and injuries. Cherokee traditional medicine has provided numerous aromatic and medicinal plants that not only were used by the Cherokee people, but were also adopted for use by European settlers in North America. Methods: The aim of this review was to examine the Cherokee ethnobotanical literature and the published phytochemical investigations on Cherokee medicinal plants and to correlate phytochemical constituents with traditional uses and biological activities. Results: Several Cherokee medicinal plants are still in use today as herbal medicines, including, for example, yarrow (Achillea millefolium), black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa), American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius), and blue skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). This review presents a summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, and biological activities of Cherokee aromatic and medicinal plants. Conclusions: The list is not complete, however, as there is still much work needed in phytochemical investigation and pharmacological evaluation of many traditional herbal medicines. Keywords: Cherokee; Native American; traditional herbal medicine; chemical constituents; pharmacology 1. Introduction Natural products have been an important source of medicinal agents throughout history and modern medicine continues to rely on traditional knowledge for treatment of human maladies [1]. Traditional medicines such as Traditional Chinese Medicine [2], Ayurvedic [3], and medicinal plants from Latin America [4] have proven to be rich resources of biologically active compounds and potential new drugs. -
(Piper Nigrum L.) Products Based on LC-MS/MS Analysis
molecules Article Nontargeted Metabolomics for Phenolic and Polyhydroxy Compounds Profile of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Products Based on LC-MS/MS Analysis Fenglin Gu 1,2,3,*, Guiping Wu 1,2,3, Yiming Fang 1,2,3 and Hongying Zhu 1,2,3,* 1 Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China; [email protected] (G.W.); [email protected] (Y.F.) 2 National Center of Important Tropical Crops Engineering and Technology Research, Wanning 571533, China 3 Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wanning 571533, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.G.); [email protected] (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-898-6255-3687 (F.G.); +86-898-6255-6090 (H.Z.); Fax: +86-898-6256-1083 (F.G. & H.Z.) Received: 16 July 2018; Accepted: 7 August 2018; Published: 9 August 2018 Abstract: In the present study, nontargeted metabolomics was used to screen the phenolic and polyhydroxy compounds in pepper products. A total of 186 phenolic and polyhydroxy compounds, including anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, catechin derivatives, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, isoflavones and 3-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid O-hexoside, quinic acid (polyhydroxy compounds), etc. For the selected 50 types of phenolic compound, except malvidin 3,5-diglucoside (malvin), 0 L-epicatechin and 4 -hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavanone, other compound contents were present in high contents in freeze-dried pepper berries, and pinocembrin was relatively abundant in two kinds of pepper products. The score plots of principal component analysis indicated that the pepper samples can be classified into four groups on the basis of the type pepper processing. -
Survey of Phenolic Compounds Produced in Citrus
USDA ??:-Z7 S rveyof Phenolic United States Department of Agriculture C mpounds Produced IliIIiI Agricultural Research In Citrus Service Technical Bulletin Number 1856 December 1998 United States Department of Agriculture Survey of Phenolic Compounds Agricultural Produced in Citrus Research Service Mark Berhow, Brent Tisserat, Katherine Kanes, and Carl Vandercook Technical Bulletin Number 1856 December 1998 This research project was conducted at USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fruit and Vegetable Chem istry laboratory, Pasadena, California, where Berhow was a research chemist, TIsserat was a research geneticist, Kanes was a research associate, and Vandercook, now retired, was a research chemist. Berhow and Tisserat now work at the USDA-ARS National Center for AgriCUltural Utilization Research, Peoria, Illinois, where Berhow is a research chemist and Tisserat is a research geneticist. Abstract Berhow, M., B. Tisserat, K. Kanes, and C. Vandercook. 1998. Survey of Mention of trade names or companies in this publication is solely for the Phenolic Compounds Produced in Citrus. U.S. Department ofAgriculture, purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommenda Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bulletin No. 1856, 158 pp. tion or endorsement by the U. S. Department ofAgriculture over others not mentioned. A survey of phenolic compounds, especially flavanones and flavone and flavonol compounds, using high pressure liquid chromatography was While supplies last, single copies of this publication may be obtained at no performed in Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, representing 5 genera, cost from- 35 species, and 114 cultivars. The average number of peaks, or phenolic USDA, ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research compounds, occurring in citrus leaf, flavedo, albedo, and juice vesicles 1815 North University Street were 21, 17, 15, and 9.3, respectively. -
Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015
Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry Version 3.0 July 2015 PLANT HEALTH AUSTRALIA | Citrus Industry Biosecurity Plan 2015 Location: Level 1 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 E-mail: [email protected] Visit our web site: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au An electronic copy of this plan is available through the email address listed above. © Plant Health Australia Limited 2004 Copyright in this publication is owned by Plant Health Australia Limited, except when content has been provided by other contributors, in which case copyright may be owned by another person. With the exception of any material protected by a trade mark, this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivs 3.0 Australia licence. Any use of this publication, other than as authorised under this licence or copyright law, is prohibited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/ - This details the relevant licence conditions, including the full legal code. This licence allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to Plant Health Australia (as below). In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: Plant Health Australia Ltd (2004) Industry Biosecurity Plan for the Citrus Industry (Version 3.0 – July 2015). Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. Disclaimer: The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific and independent professional advice. -
Insecticidal and Antifungal Chemicals Produced by Plants
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication Insecticidal and antifungal chemicals produced by plants: a review Isabelle Boulogne, Philippe Petit, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine, Lucienne Desfontaines, Gladys Loranger-Merciris To cite this version: Isabelle Boulogne, Philippe Petit, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine, Lucienne Desfontaines, Gladys Loranger- Merciris. Insecticidal and antifungal chemicals produced by plants: a review. Environmental Chem- istry Letters, Springer Verlag, 2012, 10 (4), pp.325 - 347. 10.1007/s10311-012-0359-1. hal-01767269 HAL Id: hal-01767269 https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01767269 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial| 4.0 International License Version définitive du manuscrit publié dans / Final version of the manuscript published in : Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2012, n°10(4), 325-347 The final publication is available at www.springerlink.com : http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-012-0359-1 Insecticidal and antifungal chemicals produced by plants. A review Isabelle Boulogne 1,2* , Philippe Petit 3, Harry Ozier-Lafontaine 2, Lucienne Desfontaines 2, Gladys Loranger-Merciris 1,2 1 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, UFR Sciences exactes et naturelles, Campus de Fouillole, F- 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre Cedex (Guadeloupe), France. -
Calamansi Puree Spec Sheet
PacRim puree CALAMANSI NATURAL FRUIT PUREE Located in the prized citrus region of Can Tho, Vietnam is the co-operative of growers that loosely goes by name of Duong-Vu, representing the last names of Nutrition Facts the two prominent families in the area. Calamansi, technically a citrofortunella, 32 servings per container Serving size 1oz (28g) meaning it is a hybrid of the citrus and kumquat families and is highly acidic. Prized for its bright floral aromas and a very tart profile. In Can Tho, calamansi Amount per serving is available year round and is harvested when the fruit is still slightly immature. Calories 20 % Daily Value* Total Fat 0g 0% Saturated Fat 0g 0% Trans Fat 0g Cholesterol 0mg 0% Sodium 0mg 0% Origin: Can Tho, Vietnam Brix: 10 Total Carbohydrate 2g 1% Dietary Fiber 1g 4% pH: 2.5 FLAVOR PROFILE Total Sugars 1g Ingredients: Calamansi Fruit, Water, Cane Sugar Includes 1g Added Sugars 2% Nose: Bright, floral aroma of unripened Protein 0g 0% citrus peel and wheatgrass Handling: Keep Frozen Flavor: Tart, high acidity, sour mandarin Packaging: 32oz x 6 – White plastic cylinder Vitamin D 0mcg 0% orange-like with notes of key lime with label and screw-on cap with safety seal Calcium 13mg 0% Iron 0.18mg 0% and pith Jar Dims: 3 1/2 x 3 1/2 x 6 1/2 ” ” ” Potassium 0mg 0% SPECIFICATIONS Case Dims: 11 1/8” x 7 7/16” x 6 3/4” – 12lbs Vitamin A 0% Vitamin C 20% Process: Proprietary minimal whole fruit * The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in process, presented in its natural state, a serving of food contributes to a daily diet. -
Common and Botanical Names of Some Species and Hybrids of Citrus and Citrus Relatives Mentioned in the Proceedings*
Common and Botanical Names of Some Species and Hybrids of Citrus and Citrus Relatives Mentioned in the Proceedings* Aeglopsis chevalieri Swing. Kumquat (Marumi, Luowen) Alemow I? japonica (Thumb.) Swing. Citrus macrophylla Webster Kumquat (Nagami, Luofu) Atalantia sp. D.C. F. margarita (Lour.) Swing. Balsamocitrus dawei Stapf Lemon Bergamot Eureka, Eureka cascade, Femminello Sir- C. bergamia Risso and Poit. acusano, Femminello Fior d'arancio, Calamondin Frost Lisbon, Hong-li-meng, Lapithos, Calamansi Ross Eureka, Tu-li-meng C. madurensis Lour. = C. mitis Blanco C. limon (L.) Burn.f. Chironja Lime C. paradisi hybrid Key, Mexican, West Indian Citrange C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swing. Carrizo, Rusk, Troyer, Yuma Lime C. sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata Bearss, Persian, Tahiti Citron C. latifolia Tan. Etrog Arizona 861-5-1 Limetta C. medica L. Sweet Citrumelo C. limetta Risso Swingle Mandarins and hybrids C. paradisi x P. trifoliata Angeru, Baillianzi, Balye 2, Beauty, Ben- C. bigaradia = C. aurantium L. dizhao, Canh, Cha-zhi-gan, Coorg, C. deliciosa Ten. Cravo, Dancy, Duong, Ellendale, Fiju, C. erythrosa Hort. ex. Tan. Harry, Hong Nhieu, Hongju, Kara, San-hu-hong-ju, Zhuju King, Kinnow, Ladu, Loose Jacket, C. excelsa Webster Mangju, Mexerica do Rio, Mexerica C. halimii Stone Tardia A, Miyakawa, Murcott, Nagpur, C. succosa Hort. ex. Tan. Nan-feng-mi-ju, New Ben No.1, Nova, C. sunki Hort. ex. Tan. Oneco, Parson's special, Ponkan, Ruju, Suanyu Shaohe Ponkan, Shehui kan, Som-keo- Clementine wan, Som-pan, Szinkon, Tankan, Algerian tangerine, Arrufatina, Com- Tianma Ponkan, Thieu, Thorney Zaoju, mune, Fina, Monreal, Nules, Oroval Wenmi, Willowleaf, Yanhou Ponkan, C. clementina Hort. -
CITRUS BUDWOOD Annual Report 2017-2018
CITRUS BUDWOOD Annual Report 2017-2018 Citrus Nurseries affected by Hurricane Irma, September 2017 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Our Vision The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration will be diligent in providing high yielding, pathogen tested, quality budlines that will positively impact the productivity and prosperity of our citrus industry. Our Mission The Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration administers a program to assist growers and nurserymen in producing citrus nursery trees that are believed to be horticulturally true to varietal type, productive, and free from certain recognizable bud-transmissible diseases detrimental to fruit production and tree longevity. Annual Report 2018 July 1, 2017 – June 30, 2018 Bureau of Citrus Budwood Registration Ben Rosson, Chief This is the 64th year of the Citrus Budwood Registration Program which began in Florida in 1953. Citrus budwood registration and certification programs are vital to having a healthy commercial citrus industry. Clean stock emerging from certification programs is the best way to avoid costly disease catastrophes in young plantings and their spread to older groves. Certification programs also restrict or prevent pathogens from quickly spreading within growing areas. Regulatory endeavors have better prospects of containing or eradicating new disease outbreaks if certification programs are in place to control germplasm movement. Budwood registration has the added benefit in allowing true-to-type budlines to be propagated. The selection of high quality cultivars for clonal propagation gives growers uniform plantings of high quality trees. The original mother stock selected for inclusion in the Florida budwood program is horticulturally evaluated for superior performance, either by researchers, growers or bureau staff. -
New and Noteworthy Citrus Varieties Presentation
New and Noteworthy Citrus Varieties Citrus species & Citrus Relatives Hundreds of varieties available. CITRON Citrus medica • The citron is believed to be one of the original kinds of citrus. • Trees are small and shrubby with an open growth habit. The new growth and flowers are flushed with purple and the trees are sensitive to frost. • Ethrog or Etrog citron is a variety of citron commonly used in the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles. The flesh is pale yellow and acidic, but not very juicy. The fruits hold well on the tree. The aromatic fruit is considerably larger than a lemon. • The yellow rind is glossy, thick and bumpy. Citron rind is traditionally candied for use in holiday fruitcake. Ethrog or Etrog citron CITRON Citrus medica • Buddha’s Hand or Fingered citron is a unique citrus grown mainly as a curiosity. The six to twelve inch fruits are apically split into a varying number of segments that are reminiscent of a human hand. • The rind is yellow and highly fragrant at maturity. The interior of the fruit is solid rind with no flesh or seeds. • Fingered citron fruits usually mature in late fall to early winter and hold moderately well on the tree, but not as well as other citron varieties. Buddha’s Hand or Fingered citron NAVEL ORANGES Citrus sinensis • ‘Washington navel orange’ is also known • ‘Lane Late Navel’ was the first of a as the Bahia. It was imported into the number of late maturing Australian United States in 1870. navel orange bud sport selections of Washington navel imported into • These exceptionally delicious, seedless, California. -
Studies on Leaf-Mottle-Yellows Disease of Citrus in the Philippines
Studies on Leaf-Mottle-Yellows Disease of Citrus in the Philippines A. L. MARTINEZ and J. M. WALLACE SINCEabout 1957, great numbers of citrus trees in the Philippine Islands have died or become unproductive. Damage has been particularly im- portant in the Province of Batangas, a leading citrus-producing region of the country, where approximately one million trees have been de- stroyed. Mandarins (Citrus reticuluta Blanco) have been the most im- portant variety, but some sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb.], pummel0 [C. grandis (L.) Osb.], and calamondin (calamansi) (C. reticuluta var. austera x Fortunellu sp.) are also grown in the Islands. The principal mandarin varieties are Ladu and Szinkom. Some use is made of Ba- tangas mandarin as a rootstock, but most of the trees are on a rootstock 168 PROCEEDINGS of the IOCV known locally as calamandarin. This has not been identified botanically, but is definitely a mandarin type. Various Philippine investigators (1, 5) made studies of the citrus tree decline in the late 1950's and early 1960's, but in several instances re- sults were prepared only as seminar papers or Experiment Station re- ports and were not published (4, 6, 13). These studies demonstrated that both tristeza and seedling-yellows viruses are present in declining trees and that the efficient aphid vector Toxoptera citricida Kirk. is also present in the Philippines. Although these findings suggested that the tree decline could be due to tristeza, this was not proved. Furthermore, there was some circumstantial evidence that tristeza virus was not re- sponsible for the disease which had appeared around 1957.