(Mitragyna Speciosa) Alkaloids in Commercially Available Products Julia Grzymkowski Virginia Commonwealth University

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2017 Identification of “Kratom” (Mitragyna speciosa) Alkaloids in Commercially Available Products Julia Grzymkowski Virginia Commonwealth University

Michelle R. Peace Virginia Commonwealth University

Justin Poklis Virginia Commonwealth University

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This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Research Posters by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I actually have smoked meth(crystal) from an e-cig and it seemed to not only work, but quite well in-fact I actually have smoked meth(crystal) from an e-cig and it seemed to not only work, but quite well in-fact Identification of “Kratom” (Mitragyna speciosa) Alkaloids in Commercially Available Products

Julia Grzymkowski1, Justin L. Poklis2 and Michelle R. Peace1 Departments of 1Forensic Science and 2Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University Purpose Samples Results The purpose of this study was to identify “Kratom” Choice Krave Mojo King Kratom King Kratom Purple Haze Purple Haze Choice Lucky O.P.M.S Liquid K Kratom Capsules Capsule Capsule Capsule E-Liquid E-Liquid E-Liquid E-Liquid Powder Powder Kratom Chocolate (Mitragyna speciosa) alkaloids in commercially available 0 mg 12 mg 0 mg 12 mg Concentrate Bar • Choice products by AccuTOFTM Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Mitragynine x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x • Label: Jumbo Maeng Da Kratom, 2.5 g 7-hydroxymitragynine x x x x x x x x x x x Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Corynantheidine x x x x x x x x x x per serving, serving size 1-3 capsules Corynoxine x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Spectrometry (GC-MS). • Krave Paynantheine x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Speciofoline x x x x x x x x • Label: Maeng Da Kratom, 3 g per d-Allose x x x x x Introduction capsule, serving size 5 capsules Benzyl Alcohol x x x x x Caffeine x x Kratom • Mojo Cholesterol x 1,2,3,5- • Botanical mitragyna speciosa • x x x x x Label: Maeng Da Kratom Leaf Cyclohexanetetrol • Tree native to Southeast Asia Glycerin x x x x x x x x x 2-Hydroxy-5- • Used as traditional x x x x x x x x E-Liquids methylisophthalaldehyde th medicine since 19 • King Kratom Linolenic acid x x x x x x x x x Young M. speciosa tree d-Mannose x x x x century • 0 mg and 12 mg nicotine Methyl glucose x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Leaves • Kratom extract labeled as ingredient Nicotine x x x x x x x Palmitic acid x x x x x x x x x x x • Contain psychoactive alkaloids • Purple Haze Phytol acetate x x x x • Can be brewed in teas, chewed, or • 0 mg and 12 mg nicotine Propylene Glycol x x x x x x x x x Raspberry Ketone x x x x x x smoked • Kratom extract NOT labeled as ingredient Sucrose x x x x x x • Small doses-stimulant Theobromine x x x Powder Other Vanillin x x x • Large doses-opioid x-identified by DART-MS x-identified by GC-MS Kratom leaves • Choice • O.P.M.S Liquid Kratom • Label: Maeng Da Kratom Issues Concentrate 15 g, 2.5 g per serving, • Overdoses can result in vomiting, • Label: Organically serving size 1-3 g seizures, and death purified, 8 mL • Lucky • Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) • K Kratom Chocolate Bar • Label: Maeng Da powder placed Kratom on Schedule 1, but it • Label: 2 g Red Vein • Used from previous study has since been removed Maeng Da Kratom per • Prone to abuse serving, serving size 1 bar • Yet readily available to public Mitragyna speciosa alkaloids Methods

Sample Preparation Confirmation Identification •1:10 dilution of Concentrate: •Agilent 6890N/5973 GC/MS •Primary reference MeOH •HP-5MS column •PubMed-NCBI •1:1 dilution of Capsules/Powder/ •30 m x 0.25mm ID x 0.25µm •NIST v2 2011 E-Liquids/Chocolate Bar: MeOH •Front Inlet •Mode: Split Mitragynine 7-hydroxymitragynine Corynantheidine •Initial Temp: 275 °C Screening •Pressure: 11.61 psi TM Funding •JEOL JMS T100LC AccuTOF DART-MS •Split ratio: 20:1 Conclusion •Parameters: •Split flow: 19.9 mL/min • Formulated a robust method for identification. •Calibrator: PEG 600 •Total flow: 23.7 mL/min • Products were easy to purchase and inexpensive •Helium: 350 °C •Oven • The psychoactive alkaloids mitragynine and 7- •Positive ion mode •Initial temp: 120 °C hydroxymitragynine along with four others, •Rate: 10.0 °C/min until 300 °C hold for 12 mins •20 V corynantheidine, corynoxine, paynantheine, and Award No. 2016-DN-BX-0150 •Run time: 30.0 min. • Data processed by T.S.S. Pro 3.0 speciofoline, were identified in all 11 unregulated The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication/program/exhibition are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those Corynoxine Paynantheine Speciofoline commercial products. of the Department of Justice.