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MALAYSIA TL/~

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102°100' East- I 18°(00' I.& E23 ABSTRACT ...... i-vi 1. =ag@B...... 1 2 . sdgBf$J ...... 1 2.1 *#Bg ...... 1 ...... 2.2 ZftEfi g +Ea,a@ 1 3 . sg@&ai@a#gg ...... 2 4. sdgEfigLgfg ...... 3 ...... 4.1 7 1/ - -27 bj-6;ti&flJN @Re 2@5r;JJ 3 5. =dgs$&g%...... 8 ...... 5.1 qz'Ffi g 4ggsdgJg 8 5.2 sdggjj@%@...... 8 6. %d&~~~~~...... 9 7 ...... 10

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ABSTRACT

1. Trend and present situation of utilization in

1.1 General information

Malaysia is located around at approximately 3" N.L. as a federation of 13 states, consisted of 11 states in the Peninsular Malaysia, 2 states in the Kalimantan Island, Total area of this federated union is approximately 330,000km2,(about 0.9 times of its Japanese area; about 378,000km2) and its total population is about 20.1 million people in 1995 with 80% concentrated in Peninsular of Malaysia, about 1,150,000 people lives in city (1994), where it is located in the tropical climate zone and fairly weather with 25"c-32% yearly. The country's Prime Minister, the Honorable Dato' Seri Dr.Mahathir inspired that Malaysia will become a fully industrialized country by the year 2020, and that its Vision 2020 year will introduce not only the industrializing but also the reaching like as an advanced country level with national centralizing, social honesty, political stability, life quality and mental feeling etc. 30 year period for aiming at GDP :yearly 7%. During the 6th 5 year Plan period (1991-1995), GDP was approximately 84,800 million US$ in 1995, and then it was recorded the rate of Max 9.6% (average is 8.72%)). For the 7th 5 year Plan period (1996-2000), GDP willbe kept the rate of 9-10%, and the promotion of the high-technology industry will be continued to reach in the future, and the investment policy, such as a preferential treatment and a promotion for skirt of their industries, a development of human resources in the technical field etc., seems to be promoted mainly as a important policy for the east coast area in Peninsular and the area of the east Malaysia. And about more than 1,000 Japanese related companies have extended their business in Peninsula of Malaysia, so the Japanese people live in more than 9,000 people.

1.2 Background of energy resources

Malaysia is one of the rich countries producing the primary resource with Oil & Petroleum, Natural gas, Hydro and Coal etc., and is the second one in Asian countries

1 next to Indonesia So, this country has been producing about more than 600,000 barreldday for Oil & Petroleum amount since 1990, and the its indicated reserve is estimated about 4,300 million barrels, and the indicated reserve of Natural gas is estimated 2,200 billion cubic meters, it seems to be 40 years for capable mining resources the same as its twice of Indonesia. The energy policy is displaying for LNG and Oil&Petroleum development, so the primary energy is sharing 80% of energy resource in Malaysia. The largest coal deposits in Malaysia are located in Sabah state and in Sarawak state, the coal demand will be realized after saturating LNG development since 2000 and its domestic coal consumption will be expected to increase in the future.

Amount of Energy supply by yearly Average Annual 2990 2995 2000 Growth Rate (%) Source ktoe % ktoe % ktoe % 62Mp RMP Oil&Petroleum 12,432 71.4 17,832 55.3 22,542 49.4 7.5 4.8 Natural Gas 2,734 15.7 10,908 33.8 18,974 41.6 32.0 11.7 Hydro 915 5.3 1,262 3.9 1,279 2.8 6.6 0.3 Coal and Coke 1,326 7.6 2,227 7.0 2,818 6.2 10.9 4.8 Total 17,407 100.0 32,229 100.0 45,613 100.0 13.1 7.2

1.3 Present situation of Coal resource and Coal-use

1.3.1 Present situation and coal production

Coal production area is found in all the 3 geographical provinces of Malaysia : Sarawak state, Sabah state and Peninsular of Malaysia.

Malaysia has a coal mining history dating as far back as 1851, when the first coal mine was opened at Labuan, and had been operated up to 1911 due to flooding. At Silimpopon, east Sabah, coal was mined fiom 1909 to 1929,.and the government ,,

.. ll operated a first coal mine at Sadong between 1874 and 1901. In Peninsular of Malaysia, the 3 coal mines were developed at Batu hang, Engoru, and Serampang, and almost of the coal produced was used locally for fuel in railway and ships, and some was exported. The total coal reserve is estimated approximately 982 Mt. in 1995, which its unidentified amount will be expected by the mining investigation. its measured total coal reserve is approximately 175Mt, and its indicated coal reserve including the measured reserve is estimated about 278Mt. And the almost of which are found in the states of Sarawak and Sabah, and the Merit-Pila coal mine has about 39.4% shares of its total coal resources, as almost of Sub-bituminous coal type.

Reserve (MtJ Location Measured Indicated Meerred Coal me Sarawak 170.68 100.91 455.84 Bit-,Subbit-,Lig-,Coking. Sabah 4.80 1.50 231.70 Bit-,Subbit-. Peninsular - 17.00 Subbituminous. Total 175.48 102.41 704.54 Grand Total 982.43

Table-2 TREND OF COAL PRODUCTION IN MALAYSIA 1992 2000 2010 I CoalMines Open Cut Under G Open Cut Under G Open Cut Under G - I Meritpila 80 500 350 500 350 - - - - I Silantek. 350 350 - - - 50 250 250 - - - Meliau 300 300 1,000 - - - - I Mukah-Balingian 300 300 Coal Production(kt.) I I 80 I 2,400 I 2,750 I

... lll 1.3.2 Present situation of coal use

The major coal consumption industries are Power generation sector and Cement industry sector, and Metallurgy sector in local area is also consumed some coal.

(1) Power generation sector As a power generation trend, its power capacities were installed by TNB, US, SESCo, and 9 facilities of IPPs will meet demand during the 7th 5 years Plan period. So, now the electricity requirements of Malaysia will be adequately met during 7th 5 years Plan period by the utilities as well as nine IPPs, five to serve the TNB, and four the LIS. Table 3 GENERATION CAPACITY. 1990-2000 1990 1995 zoo0 Mm&? 1 (%) Producer Mw% Mw% Mw%Mw % TNB 4,576 87.3 10,111 88.5 13,548 87.4 3,100 29.7 US . 303 5.8 671 5.9 960 6.2 405 73.0 SES Co 363 6.9 645 5.6 985 6.4 293 42.3 Total 5,242 100.0 11,427 100.0 15,493 100.0 3,798 32.5 Note;l Producer refers to utilities and the respective PPs. 2 Margin equals Generation capacity 0minus the peak demand multiplied by 100. = Tenaga National Berhad. 3 TNB .- 4 LIS = Lembaga Letrik Sabah. 5 SESCo = Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation.

The TNB is the major electricity supplier in the Pe&sular of Malaysia, SESCo is in Sarawak state on Kalimantan Island, and USis in Sabah state, these electricity suppliers manages whole system through the power generation and a transmission and distribution system. The power-supplement capacity is more than 90% share of total power generation produced by TNB, and the 9 options of IPP projects are-consisted of 5 options to be served for the TNB, and 4 options to be served for the LLS. During the 7th 5 years Plan period, an additional 4,066 MW of generation capacity will be commissioned by TNB, LLS, SESCo and the IPPs. The TNB will be further strengthened by 3,437 MW, and the total installed capacity will be expected to 13,548 MW until year 2000.

iv (2) Other industrial sectors The cement industry is mentioned as the major user of coal in Malaysia and it seems to be very important sector in the developing countries.

The first cement producer in the domestic area was opened in 1953. Now, the 6 producers with through process and 4 companies with clinker mills are operated in Malaysia. The trend of cement production is estimated at 25 Mt. by year 2000, and it will be expected to increase 5Mt. production by the existing plants, about 1OMt. production by the 11 new cement plants under the 7th 5 years Plan period. Table 4 shows the cement production, 1989-2000.

Table 4 CEMENT RODUCTION. 1989-2000. Cement Production Consumption of Coal Year (2,OOOfleaq) 0.00Oflear) Remarks 1990 5,871 800 1991 7,324 998 1992 8,213 1,117 1993 8,910 1,212 1994 10,010 1,360 1995 11,150 1,450 estimated 2000 25,000 3,621 estimated Note;l Cement production, 1989-1994,2000source from the Malaysian Industrial Development Authority. 2 Consumption of coal in the Cement industry source of hearing from some information at MOE, Sep 17, 1996.

(3) Other sectors It is approximately 92% coal consumption only the Power generation sector and Cement industry as major coal consumption sector. Most energy use of other sectors is found the use of natural gas & LPG. So, the total energy consumption in this sector seems approximately 1,138 ktoe., and 80% share of total energy consumption has the majority in natural gas & LPG. Refer to the coal energy, it does not use coal as a fuel for the household sector in Malaysia.

V Table-5 COI dERCIAL ENERGY DEMAND BY SECTOR .990-2000 Commercial enern demand Average Annual 1990 I 1995 I zoo0 Growth Rate (%) Sector Ktoe % I Ktoe I % I Ktoe I % Agriculture & Forestr 5.9 1,260 1,515 5.0 9.9 3.7 Mining & Quarrying. 4.6 822 1,195 3.9 6.0 7.8 Manufacturing 4,488 34.0 7,139 11,680 38.2 9.7 10.3 Transport 5,280 39.9 7,808 11,714 38.3 8.1 8.4 Commercial. 4.3 829 1,274 4.2 7.7 9.0 Residential. 1,038 7.8 1,231 1,539 5.0 3.5 4.6 Non-Energy. 442 3.5 908 4.5 1,661 5.4 15.5 12.8 Total 13,217 100 19.997 100 30.578 100 8.6 8.9 Note;l Tons of oil equivalent (toe), 1 toe is 7.6 barrels, source by the 7& five years P n of Energy. 2 Energy excludes gas, icoal and fuel oil used in electricity generation. 1.4 Remarks

In 1997FY, this report is published as its content that we evaluated some data and , information collected by basic research and site survey in last 1996 FY. Especially, it shows that Power Generation sector and Cement production sector are mentioned as major coal consumption sectors in the Peninsular Malaysia. So, coal demand will be expected by means of coal consumption at some sectors in the future, and some issues of coal use will be assumed as its coal use efficiency and their environmental problems. Almost of whole Malaysian coal is produced in Sabah state and Sarawak state, so the domestic coal consumption will affect the demand and supply structure of coal depending on increasing, and we concludes that some information exchange and technical transfer between Japan and Malaysia will be necessary to promote an environmentally Sendly coal utilization technology. Therefore, we would suggest that the research program for trend of coal use in Malaysia should be continued, that we should keep to watch the trend and to collect some information and data refer to Coal-use, excluding site survey. However, we will have to make a solution the difference between the each intention of the scheme of research program that Japan suggested and of the model project that Malaysia required, for keeping the good relationship between Japan and Malaysia.

vi -1- -2- -3- 1990 1995 2000 'fi;tS$MfiB@:(%)

%€I @toe) (%) @toe) (%) @toe) (%) 836% 837% lmli@mia 12,432 71.4 17,832 55.3 22,542 49.4 7.5 4.8

X%%Z 2,734 15.7 10,908 33.8 18,974 41.6 32.0 11.7

*A, 915 5.3 1,262 3.9 1,279 2.8 6.6 0.3

EEES=l- 3 1,326 7.6 2,227 7.0 2,818 6.2 10.9 4.8 ea- 17,407 100.0 32,229 100.0 45,613 100.0 13.1 7.2 &% :The 7th five Plan of Energy, ltoe = 7.6 barrels

-4- M!@% PmB(Mt.) %mWqMt.)

SARAWAKtJ 170.68 100.91 455.84 SABAH 4.80 1.50 231.70 - - PENINSULAR 17.00

ea 175.48 102.41 704.54

Merit Pila

Silantek.

Meliau

Mukah-Balingian

-5- &% :The 7th five Plan of Energy,

+

1990 5,871

1991 7,324 998

1992 8,213 1,117

1993 8,910 1,212

1994 10,010 1,360

1995 11,150 1,450

2000 25,000 3,621

&% :Cement Production, 1989-1994,2000 7 b- '/7I%W%B%

-6- MALAYSIA ~b-27

1990 1995

(kt4 (%I (kt4 (%) 784 5.9 1,260 6.3 1,515 3.7

614 4.6 822 4.1 1,195 7.8

4,488 34.0 7,139 35.7 11,680 38.2 9.7 10.3

5,280 39.9 7,808 39.1 11,714 38.3 8.1 8.4

571 4.3 829 4.1 1,274 4.2 7.7 9.0

1,038 7.8 1,231 6.2 1,539 5.0 3.5 4.6

442 3.5 908 4.5 1,661 12.8 13,217 100.0 19,997 loo.( 30,578 3+100.0 8.9 ffl8:The 7th five Plan of Energy, ltoe = 7.6 barrels

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I 1990 1995 2000 fiBS %/e %El (ktoe.) % (ktoe.) % (ktoe.) % 6Mp 7hip Rim 12,432 71.4 17, 832 55. 3 22, 542 49.4 7.5 4.8

X%flZ 2, 734 15.7 10, 908 33. 8 18, 974 41. 6 32.0 11.7

Gfi 915 5. 3 1, 262 3. 9 1, 279 2. 8 6. 6 0. 3 TiE I, 326 7. 6 2, 227 7. 0 2, 818 6. 2 10. 9 4. 8 e% 17.407 100.0 32. 229 100.0 45. 513 100.0 13.1 7. 2

- 13 - - 14 - E%% %!%BSjs,EJ %&E@ (kt. ) Sadong (SARAWM 1874 - 1901 1,000 Silimp op on (SABAH). 1909 - 1929 1,500 Labuan (SABAHJ 1851 - 1911 500 Batu hang (PENINSSULRR) 1914 - 1960 15,000 &&Z : Dialogue with the mineral industry, Feb. 1993. and source by hearing from GSOK

- 15 - smwm Silantek. 140 I Merit-Pil 220

Bintulu 2,8 4 0 Mukah-Balingian 710

Other locations 560 SABAH

Silimpopon 30 Labuan 10 Meliau 1,3 0 0 PENINSULAR Batu Arang 14 e a (h2> 5, 824 ~I&Z: Dialogue with the mineral industry, Feb. 1993, and source by hearing from GSOkL

- 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - ~__ Location Reserve (Mt. ) Coal type Measured Indica t ed Inferred SARAMK - S i 1 ant ek '7. 25 43.00 Coking-anthraci t e Meri t-Pi a 113.83 92.61 180. 74 Sub-Bi tuminous Bintulu 6. 00 14.00 Bituminous Mukah-Bal ingi an 43.60 8. 30 218.10 Lignite 170.68 100.91 455. 84 SABAH

Si 1 impopon 4. 80 1. 50 7. 80 Sub-Bi tuminous - - Labuan 8. 90 Sub-Bi tuminous Meliau 215. 00 Bituminous 4. 80 1. 50 231.70 PENINS EAR

Batu Arang 17.00 Sub-Bi tuminous TOTAL 175.48 102.41 704.54

GRAND TOTAL 982.43

Note; source by hearing from the Dept. of Geological Survey of Malaysia(GSOM), March 1995.

- 25 - - 26 - Gross Proximate (%) CalorificValue l?otalSulfur TotalMoi~ture Ash V.M. F.C. C N 0 Location (kcal/kgA.D.B) (%A.D.B.) asreceived (A.D.B.) (A.D.B.) (A.D.B.) OAF.) (DAF.) OAF,) SARAWAK Silantek 6,870 - 8,020 0.40-0.61 2.1- 6.4 1.2-10.2 24.7-27.7 63.3-68.0 86.1 - 87.2 6.42 - 6.77 1.91-2.20 6.4- 6.6

~ ~~ Mukah-Balinggian 4,030- 6,700 0.14 - 0.78 26.4 - 43.4 1.0 - 27.7 30.8 - 42.7 30.3 - 43.6 67.1 - 70.0 4.76 - 6.96 1.01 - 1.44 23.0 - 24.8

Bintulu 6,940- 7,690 0.62-0.93 4.2- 6.9 0.6- 11.4 39.6-49.6 36.6:62.7 76.6 - 81.1 6.33 - 6.60 I I N Merit-Pila (Merit Block) I - - - - - 4,860 6,680 0.13-0.16 16.7-19.1 7.9-22.6 34.1-41.7 36.9-39.8 72.6 73.2 6.20 6.43 I1.17 1.27 I 20.3 21.1 Merit-Pila pebulan Block) 6,160 - 6,060 0.14-0.16 16.4-17.4 3.9-16.1 36.1-46.4 36.0-40.8 71.8 - 73.0 6.44 - 6.70 1.10 - 1.39 20.3 - 21.1

~~ Merit-Pila (Merit Block South) - - - - - 4,800 6,770 0.12-0.16 I 18.3-19.8 Ill2.6-14.8 36.4-42.9 36.2-42.9 71.0 72.1 6.17 6.61 1.26 1.31 21.6 22.6 SriBNi Meliau 6,630 - 8,100 1.19 -4.70 3.4- 6.4 2.3-27.7 31.6-42.9 38.7-63.1 77.0 - 83.0 6.01 - 6.24 1.68 - 1.71 8.0 - 12.0

PEMSLJL4.R Batu hang 6,100 - 6,800 0.47 - 0.66 26.7 6.1 - 16.3 36.8 - 38.4 38.9 - 46.6 72.4 6.66 1.17 20.9

Note 1 A.D.B. = Air Dried Basis, and D.A.F. = Dry Ash Free, source by the Dialogue with the Mineral Induetry, Feb.1997. Proximato (%) Ultimab %) Gross ~ Calorific Value Total Sulfur ITotal Moisture F.C. C H N 0 Countrv (kcal/kgA.D.B) (%A.D.B.) as received (A.D.B.) (D.A.F.) (D.A.F.) 0A.F.) @A.F.)

#1 6,781 + 57.5 84.4 5.00 1.70 8.40 o.50 l4.O 25*8 I 8-o I ~ Australia #2 6,600 51.0 83.3 5.20 1.70 9.30

Australia #3 6,700 55.8 84.2 4.80 1.70 8.90

I South fica Iu 03 #1 6,600 14.5 25.0 57.3 82.3 5.10 ' 2.20 9.60 I South fica #2 6,380 15.5 1 26.0 55.6 84.6 4.90 2.20 7.50 Indonesia #1 6,800 0.65 10.0 8.4 41.5 43.5 79.1 6.20 1.40 12.50

Indonesia #2 6,430 0.50 1 16.0 5.0 40.0 45.0 72.3 6.00 1.10 20.50 China

6,529 0.92 8.0 13.3 32.3 51.4 82.5 5.20 1.40 20.23 .I,.

~ Colombia 7,020 0.75 11.0 8.7 36.5 61.8 80.6 1.49 9.80

Note 1 A.D.B. = Air Dried Basis, and D.A.F. = Dry Ash Free, source by the Dialogue with the Mineral Industry, Feb.1997. - 29 - - 30 - - 31 - - 32 - - 33 - - 34 - % 1.2-7 S Mer i t-Pi la REI Nyalau Z@

- 35 - - 36 - - 37 - E%i3,"Evaluationof Coal Resources of theMerit Block, Merit-Pilacoalfield, Sarawak, hlalaysia"E@"'valuation of Coal Resources of the Tebulan Block, Meri t-Pila Coalfield, Sarawak, Malaysia" %ea%&id;.kW%%iEE+ L~ts&+~~T~9r-)~tEBL~i~,*.dzMEEB LTbv2b~o

Merit Block C%$l%iE@kb6Z$l55BfE, Merit Block South kLT~fiT6,

- 38 - - 39 - - 40 - - 41 - - 42 - - 43 - - 44 - - 45 - - 46 - - 47 - >iLenticular ~m Repealed nieriaminmims 'I of SOW and nay

*%-Crcss-bedding

Srnd SLb,-"rit 5 tss - 65rn) yu,

3nfact lithohgcolly not -vel1 defined

Sub -Leiit 4 (46m +) I

%I1. 2-2 Q Merit Block SouthEMZ#3@1

- 48 - - 49 - Sl.2-10sMerit Block South6mX!l&kM (mw)

EMUF DDH 30 uA2 : 77.51- 78.33 m 18. 9 DDH 29 uF : 48.29- 48.88m 18. 4 ZiM uB DDH 30 uF : 12.29- 12.79m 20. 7 DDH 30 uB : 62.81- 63.43m 19. 2 DDH 34 uF : 47.91- 48. 13m 19. 5 DDH 30 uB : 63.43- 63.93m 14. 9 33A : 69.47- 70.46m 20. 3 DDH uB EMUG zim uc2 DDH 29 uG : 31.43- 31.87m 18. 9 DDH 33A uC2 : 56.00- 56.70 m 16. 4 EMuH DDH 33 uC2 : 56.08- 56.57 m 11. 5 DDH 29 uH : 12.90- 13.85m 21. 1 2 4.00- 5.74m EMuD SDH uH : 20. 2 34 : 7.08- 8.06m 20. 3 29 : 66.01- 66.54m 20. 3 DDH uH DDH uD hIRT 102 : 17. 7 32 : 35.60- 35.77m 15. 7 uH DDH uD MRT 103 : 18. 7 32 : 35.77- 36.72m 18. 5 uH DDH uD MRT 104 : 21. 3 32 : 36.72- 37.00m 15. 4 uH DDH uD MRT I14 : 18. 0 33A : 44.23- 44.95 m 17. 0 uH DDH uD MRT 124 : 20. 7 DDH 33A UD : 44.95- 45.62m 15. 5 uH 33 : 45.12- 45.82 m 16. 5 DDH UD 6MmP DDH 33 uD : 46.33- 46.58m 16. 8 DDH 31 : 99.83-100.00m 13. 9 DDH 34 uD : 65.47- 66.00m 19. 2 mP DDH 109 uD : 19. 1 6M mP1 DDH 110 UD : 18. 5 DDH 34 mP1 : 150.22-150.48 m 16. 2 DDH 117 uD : 20. 4 6M mp2 63R uEl DDH 34 mP2 : 151.28-151.62 m 14. 4 32 30.38- 30.78m 17. 2 DDH uEl : EMmQ DDH 34 mQ : 144.65-146. 10m 18. 8 ziEE uE2 6M mR2 DDH 31 uE2 : 5.96- 6.31m 16. 4 DDH 34 mR2 : 128.76-129. 22 m 15. 2 DDH 33A uE2 : 38.43- 39.60 m 17. 1 6M 33 : 38.69- 38. 98 m 18. 5 mS DDH uE2 DDH 30 mS : 90. 13- 91.40 m 19. 0 DDH 33 uE2 : 38.98- 39.68m 17. 0

- 50 - % 1.2-11 %Merit Black SauthEimX!JE$&& ($$2l#?$ Ash Free) I %%au

DDH 30 uA2 : 77.51- 78.33 m 28,795 DDH 29 uG : 31.43- 31.87m 29.465 EMuB EMuH DDH 30 uB : 62.81- 63.43m 29,380 DDH 29 uH : 12.90- 13.85m 28,450 DDH 33A uB : 69.47- 70.46m 28,310 SDH 2 uH : 4.00- 5.74m 28,530 6% DDH 34 uH : 7.08- 8.06m 28,645 uD hRT : : 66. 01- 102 uH 28.335 DDH 29 uD 66.54m 28,910 MRT DDH 32 uD : 35. 77- 36.72m 28. 900 103 uH : 28.060 DDH 33A uD : 44.23- 44.95m 28,370 MRT 104 uH : 27.760 MRT : DDH 33 uD : 45. 12- 45.82 m 29,010 114 uH 28.030 hRT uH : DDH 34 uD : 65.47- 66.00m 29,210 124 21.945 DDH 109 uD : ’ 28,390 DDH 110 uD : . 28, 240 6W mQ DDH 117 uD : 28, 130 DDH 34 mQ : 144.65-146.10m 28.865 ERR uF DDH 29 uF : 48.29- 48.88m 29,380 6M mS DDH 30 uF : 12.29- 12.79 m 28,340 DDH 30 mS : 90.13- 91.40 m 28.300 DDH 34 uF : 47.91- 48. 13m 29,010

- 51 - %l.2-12SMerit Block SouthEwgl]sm late Analysis E% sx E%% (%> (%> ~~~ (%I (%I

EMuB DDH 33A uB : 69.47- 70.46m 71. 6 4. 94 1. 30 22. 1 ZiM uD DDH 29 uD : 66.01- 66.54m 72. 9 5. 66 1. 37 19.9 DDH 109 UD : 71. 0 5. 43 1. 23 22. 3 DDH 110 UD : 71. 3 5. 27 1. 14 22. 2 DDH 117 UD : 71. 1 5. 20 1. 31 22. 3 EMuF ~ ~. DDH 30 UF : 12.29- 12.79m 71. 3 5. 50 1. 42 21. 6 EM UG DDH 29 uG : 31.43- 31. 87m 72. 9 5. 90 1. 37 19. 8 EMuH DDH 29 uH : 12.90- 13.85m 72. 0 5. 31 1. 28 21. 4 SDH 2 uH : 4.00- 5.74 71. 7 5. 27 1. 26 21. 7 DDH 34 uH : 7.08- 8.06m 71. 2 5. 21 1. 25 22. 3 hlRT 102 uH : 69. 6 5.11 1. 35 23. 9 hlRT 103 uH : 71. 3 5. 18 1. 28 22. 2 hlRT 104 uH : 70. 8 4. 99 1. 34 22. 8 ART 114 uH : ' 70.8 5. 17 1. 30 22. 7 hlRT 124 uH : 70. 7 5. 12 1. 25 22. 9 ZiM mQ DDH 34 mQ : 144.65-146. 10m 71. 9 5. 25 , 1. 39 21. 4 EMmS DDH 30 mS : 90. 13- 91.40 m 72. 3 5. 33 1. 25 21. 1

- 52 - - 53 - ...... , ,.. .’ L ,, ~. ,,I ...... ,. ... I , ,. . ..i _I ....:...... - . I. -‘ . ... ., ~ . .. .. _,I._ .. .. :-.-...... -~.~. .... ~1 _-,......

- 54 - - 55 - cE@ K fi: wt% FM8fi: wt% %%B:kJ/kg uB 53 2. 9- 31. 8 35.4- 46.5 18,320-26,450 uc2 E 10.0- 34.6 33.5- 45.2 17,050-24, 650 uD I@ 7. 7- 24. 8 38.4- 46.2 19. 590-25.550 0.09- 0.29 I UH E I 1.1- 10.7 I 44.9- 50.1 I 24,400-27, 190 I 0. 14- 0.17 I

W : U1 timate Anal

@fiI-\

~ ZiEEfuB DDH 33A uB : 69.47- 70.46m 1,350 1,390 1,420 DDH 30 uB : 63.43- 63.93m 1, 230 1,530 >1,600 EMuc DDH 33A uC2 : 56.00- 56.70 m 1, 200 1,490 1,590 DDH 33 uC2 : 56.08- 56.5'7m 1, 200 1,520 I, 580 7333 UD DDH 33A uD : 44.95- 45.62m 1, 170 1.510 >1,600 EMuE2 -DDH 31 uE2: 5.96- 6. 31 m 1,180 1,540 >1,600 EMUF DDH 29 UF : 48. 29- 48.88 m 1, 220 1,270 1,560 ZimuH DDH 34 uH : 7.08- 8.06m 1, 200 1,340 1,430 ZimmP DDH 31 mP : 99.83-100.00m 1,250 >1, 600 >I, 600

- 56 - - 57 - 1990 I 1993 I 1995 I 2000 I 2005 I 2010 100 I 229 I 300 I 300 I n. a. I 4,000

1, 969 1, 912 2, 500 5, 200 n. a. 8, 200

1, 161 1, 120 1, 300 3, 500 3, 500 5, 500 733 686 1, 000 1, 500 2, 000 2, 500 76 106 200 200 200 200 1, 970 1, 912 2, 500 5, 200 5,700 8, 200 fM8Z : IEA Statistics

- 58 - 1990 1995 2000. Margin Producer MIV % MIV % Mlv % MIV % TNB 4,576 87.3 10,111 88.5 13,548 87.4 3,100 29.7 LLS 303 5. 8 671 5. 9 960 6. 2 405 73.0 SES Co 363 6.9 645 5.6 985 6.4 293 42.3 Total 5, 242 100.0 11,427 100.0 15,493 100.0 3,798 32.5

- 59 - - 09 -

1 paiaadxa aq '91639 I* '69 $0 %06 0 '001 0 '001 196 '1P z '0 9L 9 '01 PZP 'P P '89 689 '82 1 '6 890 'P z 'TI POL 'P EA13 966 1 066 1 I mi-&'1% 1.3-4 s SSAAPS *%*a Et% BRB% immP4 B&rHk!i Phase-1 Project 300MW X 2 & %/8X(%f3@ 1986 @m Phase-2 Project 300MW X 2 8 ER 1989 @M Gas Turbine Project 27MWX 4 &, IlORIWX 3 & ff;i 199311994 @m Phase-3 Project 500MWX 2 8 (@%@) ?iA/;nXE’ 1999/2000 ’@m?$

- 61 - - 62 - Phase-3 €I@@

-63- r

1 Capacityl,OOOt&e& Manufacturer Location Cement Associated Pan Malaysia Cement Sdn.Bhd PERAK. 1,000 1,300 Associated Pan Malaysia Cement Sdn.Bhd 1. 500 1.700 Cement Industries of Malaysia Bhd. PERLIS 1, 600 1,600 - Cement Industries (Sabah) Sdn.Bhd. SABAH. 500 - Cement Manufactures Serawak Bhd. SAIUWAK 500 Kedah Cement Holdines Bhd. SELANGOR. - 180 Kedah Cement Sdn.Bhd. LANGKAWI Is 1,500 1,800 Perak Hanjong Simen Sdn.Bhd. PERAK 1,200 1.440 Rock Chemical Industries Bhd. PERAK. 30 30 Tasek Cement Bhd. PERAK. 1. 500 1,500 Tenggara Cement Manufacturing Sdn.Bhd. JOHOR. - 600

Total 8,330 11.150

Note; 1 source from the Asia Monthly report published by the Daiwa souken. 2 information assistance fkom JETRO Kuala Lumpur.

- 65 - Cement Production Consumption of Coal Year (1, OOOUear) (1, OOOmear) Remarks 1989 4,774 800 1990 5, 871 800 1991 7, 324 998 1992 8, 213 1, 117 1993 8, 910 1,212 1994 10,010 1,360 1995 11,150 1,450 estimated 2000 25,000 3, 621 estimated Note; 1 Cement production, 1989-1994,2000 source from the Malaysian Industrial Development Authority. 2 Consumption of coal in the Cement industry source from the information at MOE, Sep 17,1996.

- 66 - APMC Sdn.Bhd 2,500 3,000 CIMA Sdn.Bhd 1,600 1,600 KC Sdn.Bhd 1,500 1,800 Tasek Cement Bhd. 1,500 1,500 PHS Sdn.Bhd 1,200 1,440 KCH Bhd 180 CMS Sdn.Bhd 500 CIS Sdn.Bhd 500 TENGGARA 600

Rock Chemical Industries Bhd 30 30 8,330 11,150

- 67 - b . Associated Pan Malaysia Cement Sdn.Bhd (APMC) O&S - 69 - n

I ? I

- 70 - . .-

% 1. 3-3 -k$ > b*Jb>@ (APMC/Rawang)

t' .r

- 71 - - 72 - - EL -

- LIZ'El 6 '8 9 '8 0-001 81S'OE 0'001 L66'6I o*oor 8 'Z1 9 'SI P 3 I99 'I S'P 806 S 'E ZPP 9 'P S 'E 0 'S 6ES 'I z '9 IEZ 'I 8 'L 8E0 'I 0 '6 L 'L z 'P PLZ 'I 1 'B 6Z8 E 'P I L9 P '8 1 '8 t'8t P11'11 1 *6t 808'1 6 '6t 082 'S E '01 1 '6 Z '8E 089 'I1 1 'SE 6EI '1 O'PE 88P'P 8 '1 0 '9 6 'E S61 'I I 'P 228 9 'P PI9 1 'E -6 '6 E '9 09z 'I 6 'S P81

Lt-E '1 - PL - - 75 - - 76 - - 77 - - 78 - - 79 - - 80 - - 81 - - 82 - - 83 - - a4 -

/!&%!$#lkoxl&(REFERENCES CITED)

1 National energy balance of Malaysia, 1980-1994, Ministry of Energy, Telecommunication and Posts, Malaysia, 48p

2 Dialogue with the mineral industry, February 15, 1993, Chen Shick Pet, p95- p 122, Geological survey of Malaysia, Ministry of Primary Industry, 192p

3 Evaluation of the Coal resources of the Tebulan Block Merit-Pila coalfield, 1994 Geological survey of Malaysia, Ministry of Primary Industry, 96p

4 Evaluation of the Coal resources of the Merit Block South Merit-Pila

I coalfield, 1995, Geological survey of Malaysia, Ministry of Primary Industry, 81P

5 General information of Malaysia, by Mi. T Nomi, JETRO, Sep 16,1996

- 85 -

APPENDIX A - LIST OF CONTACTS

Ms. Puan Halipha Esa Director, Energy section Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Prime Minister’s dept. Jaran Dato’ Onn, 50502 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel; (60-3)290-3746 Fa~;(60-3)202-2286

Dr. Pola Singh Principal assistant director, Energy section Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Prime Minister’s dept. Jaran Dato’ Om,50502 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel; (60-3)290-3746 Fa~;(60-3)202-2286

Mr. Mohamad Adan Yusof Assistant director, Energy section Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Prime Minister’s dept. Jaran Dato’ Onn, 50502 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel; (60-3)290-3755 F~;(60-3)202-2286

Ms. Unguu Ashiela Hanzah Assistant secretary, Energy section Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Prime Minister’s dept. Jaran Dato’ Onn, 50502 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel; (60-3)290-3755 Fa~;(60-3)202-2286

Ms. Husniarti Tamin Deputy Secretary General II , (Energy & Electrical Sec) Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications, and Posts, Malaysia WOE) Jaran Semantan, 50668 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mr. Ankh Kumar Roy Principal Assistant Secretary (Energy Unit) Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications, and Posts, Malaysia WOE) Jaran Semantan, 50668 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel; (60-3)256-2222 Fa~;(60-3)253-3989

- 86 - Ms. Navasothy Franus / Mr.Ehul Razif(Expert) Assistant Secretary (Energy Unit) Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications, and Posts, Malaysia (MOE) Jaran Semantan, 50668 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Mr. Letchumanan Ramatha Penolong Setiausaha (Unit Tenaga) Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications, and Posts, Malaysia (MOE) Jaran Semantan, 50668 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)256-2222 Fax; (60-3)253-3989

Mr. Jaya Singam Rajoo Assistant Secretary (Electricity & Gas) Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications, and Posts, Malaysia WOE) Jaran Semantan, 50668 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)256-2222 Fa~;(60-3)253-3989

Mr. S.P. Chen Deputy Director General Geological Survey of Malaysia Headquarters(GSOM), Ministry of primary Industry POBox 11110,50736 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)261-2073 Fa~;(60-3)261-1036

Mr. Mior Sallehhuddin Mior jadid Principal Geologist, gecological Survey Dept Geological Survey of Malaysia Headquarters(GSOM), Ministry of primary Industry POBox 11110,50736Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel; (60-3)261-1033 Fa~;(60-3)261-1036

Mr. Tajudin Mohd Ariff, KMN Deputy director General, Development Planning Unit, Tenaga National BHD Peti Surat 11003,50732 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)282-5566 Fa~;(60-3)282-5025

Ms. Azimah Abdul Aziz Manager, Energy and Generation, Tenaga National BHD Peti Surat 11003,50732 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)285-6209 Fa~;(60-3)282-5025,282-7290

- 87 - Mr. Yahya B. Yunus Manager, Fuel Management Unit, Operation Dept, Tenaga National BHD Peti Swat 11003,50732 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)282-5566 ext5671 Fa~;(60-3)282-6886

Mr. Abu Baker Ahmad Assistant Manager, Fuel Management Unit, Tenaga National BHD Peti Swat 11003,50732 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)282-5566 Fa~;(60-3)282-6886

Mr. Mohd Shahazwan Mohd Harris Executive, Corporate Planning & Business Unit, Tenaga National BHD 129Jalan Bansar, POBox 11003,50732 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)282-5566 Fa~;(60-3)282-5025

Mr. Ir.Johari Kamil Ibrahim Business Development Manager, Generation Div, Tenaga National BHD 5~ F1, Generation Building, TNB Head Office 129, Jaran Bangsar, 50732 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)282-5566 Fa~;(60-3)282-5886

Mr. IR. Kamsani Abdul Majid Project Manager, Tenaga National Research & Development SDN, BHD 46100 , Salanger Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Te1;(60-3)777-6140 F~x;(60-3)777-292 1

- 88 -

ReEU%$@ (ABBRIVIATIONS & ACRONYMS)

AFBC atmospheric fluidized bed combustion APEC Asia Pacific Economy Coorporation BF bag Bter BFBC bubbling fluidized bed combustion C carbon 'CCT Clean Coal Technology CCTC Clean Coal Technology Center CCUJ Center for Coal Utilization, Japan CFBC circulating fluidized bed combustion c02 carbon dioxide D.A.F. Dry Ash Free D.B. Dried Basis DSI duct sorbent injection EP electrostatic precipitator EPU Economic Planning Unit F.C. Fixed Carbon FGD(SDS) flue gas desulphurization(Spray dry scrubbing) FGD(0WS) flue gas desulphurization(0ther wet scrubbers, ie not limestone based) FGD(R) flue gas desulphurization(Regenerab1e processes) FGD(WL/G) flue gas desulphurization(Wet limestone / gypsum system) FGD(WL/noG) flue gas desulphurization(Wet limestone I no gypsum system) FGR flue gas recirculation FSI furnace sorbent injection

g gram G.C.V. Gross Calorific Value (hang) GJ Giga Joule (1,000 MJ) GSOM Geological Survey of Malaysia, Ministry of primary Industry GWh Gigawatts hour H Hydrogen h hour IGCC integrated gasification combined cycle IPP Independent Power Producer JETRO Japan external trade organization

- 89 - ktoe. 1,000 tons of oil equivalent (toe) lb pound LNB low NOx Burner m3 cubic meter mtu million British thermal units mi3 milligram min minute MOE Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications, and Posts, Malaysia MOSTE Ministry of Science Technology & Environment, Malaysia Mt million tonnes Mtpa million tonnes per annum MWe megawatts (electricity) MWth , megawatts (thermal) N Nitrogen NED0 New energy & Industrial technology development organization Nm3 normal cubic meter NO nitric oxide N2O nitrous oxide NO, nitrogen oxides NO2 nitrogen dioxide 0 Oxygen PCFB pressurized circulating fluidized bed PFBC pressurized fluidized bed combustion PPm parts per million S sulphur SCR selective catalytic reduction SNCR selective non-catalytic reduction SO2 sulphur dioxide SSAA Sultan S'dahuddin Abdul Aziz Power station, Malaysia t(a) ton (annual) TNB Tenaga National BHD TSC two stage combustion TSP total suspended particulate V.M. Volatile Matter vs venturi scrubber fig microgram

- 90 - WHO the World Health Organization toe Oil equivalent (toe) : ;tii&&SS:P

- 91 -