DOCSLIB.ORG

Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia INTERSEX Intersex Stories and Statistics from Australia Tiffany Jones, Bonnie Hart, Morgan Carpenter, Gavi Ansara, William Leonard, and Jayne Lucke http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2016 Tiffany Jones, Bonnie Hart, Morgan Carpenter, Gavi Ansara, William Leonard, and Jayne Lucke This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Tiffany Jones, Bonnie Hart, Morgan Carpenter, Gavi Ansara, William Leonard, and Jayne Lucke, Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0089 In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783742080#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. All external links were active on 15 January 2016 and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Updated digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783742080#resources ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-208-0 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-209-7 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-210-3 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-211-0 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-212-7 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0089 Cover image: Purple&Yellow Wall – Kinsale (2008), photo by Sonia Luna, CC BY- NC-ND 2.0. https://www.flickr.com/photos/sonialuna/2942152110 All paper used by Open Book Publishers is SFI (Sustainable Forestry Initiative), PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes) and Forest Stewardship Council(r)(FSC(r) certified. Printed in the United Kingdom, United States, and Australia by Lightning Source for Open Book Publishers (Cambridge, UK). Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Tables and Figures xi Executive Summary 1 1. Introducing Intersex Studies: New Theory for New Research 11 Key Points 12 Intersex Variations 12 Stigma and Silence 15 Increased Networking and Advocacy 19 Australian Advances 23 Lack of Social Research 26 Research Frame and Aims 31 This Study’s Framing 50 2. Designing a Study on, with and for People with Intersex 55 Variations Key Points 56 Reference Group 56 Overall Approach 58 Data Collection Tool 58 Terminology use in the Study 59 Ethical Considerations 61 Sampling 62 Study Title, Concept and Logo 63 Recruitment and Promotion 64 Data Analysis 67 3. Basic Demographics for People with Intersex Variations 69 Key Findings 70 Number of Participants 70 Age 70 State/Territory 71 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Descent 73 Sex Marker Assigned at Birth 73 Sex Marker Used Now 74 Transgender Status 76 Disability 77 Living Arrangements 78 Religion 79 4. Discovering, Experiencing and Discussing Intersex Variations 81 Key Findings 82 Participants’ Variations 82 Variations in Family Background 86 Age of Discovery 89 Feelings about Intersex Variations 92 Preferred Language for Intersex Variations 95 5. People with Intersex Variations, Health and Medical Services 99 Key Findings 100 Physical Health Now 100 Experience of Surgical and Hormonal Interventions 101 Interventions and Informed Consent 105 Impacts of Interventions 109 Alcohol and Drug Use 113 Overall Experiences with Health Services 114 Improving Health Services 116 6. People with Intersex Variations, Wellbeing and Mental Health 119 Services Key Findings 120 Mental Health Now 120 Self-harm and Suicide 121 Overall Experiences with Mental Health Services 123 Counselling/Training on Gendered Behaviour 125 Improving Mental Health Services 127 7. People with Intersex Variations and Education 129 Key Findings 130 Education Level 130 Policies and Programs 133 Puberty/Sex Education Provision 134 Responses to Disclosures 136 School Counselling/Referrals 138 Overall Experiences with Education/School Services 139 Improving Education Services 142 8. People with Intersex Variations and Employment 145 Key Findings 146 Main Occupation 146 Income 147 Responses to Disclosures 148 Overall Impacts on Employment 150 9. Social Support for People with Intersex Variations 155 Key Findings 156 Responses from Key People in Participants’ Lives 156 Visibility of Participants’ Variations to Strangers 160 Responses from Strangers 162 Strangers, Explanations and Myths 165 Religious/Spiritual Services 166 Engaging with Community Social Groups 167 Wellbeing Impacts of Community Engagement 168 10. Sexuality, Romance and Relationships 171 Key Findings 172 Relationship Status 172 Marital Status 174 Sexuality Terms and Definitions 176 Impacts on Sexual Ability and Desire 179 Sexual Activities Engaged in 183 Sexual Protection 185 11. Fertility, Parenting and Views on Parenting 189 Key Findings 190 Fertility and Reproductive Capability 190 Disclosure to Children 193 Views on Parenting 193 12. Representation in Media, Activism and Research 197 Key Findings 198 Representation of ‘Real People’ in the Media 198 Fictional Representations in the Media 200 Representation in Activism 202 Representation in Research 206 13. Conclusion and Recommendations 209 References 227 Appendix: Glossary 241 Acknowledgments Dr Tiffany Jones is thrilled to thank and acknowledge the University of New England’s Research Services which contributed various grants towards funding her research. This project benefitted from the enthusiasm of my community reference group: Bonnie Hart – President of the Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Support Group Australia (AISSGA), Morgan Carpenter – Director of Organisation Intersex International Australia (OII Australia), and Gavi Ansara – representing the Australian National LGBTIQ Health Alliance. No funding was accepted from their organisations by the researcher and the group were not involved in conducting or writing up of the research; these individuals (amongst others from different groups) instead gave community insights into the project’s framing of intersex issues, appropriateness of themes and word choices in the development of the questionnaire and strategies in the recruitment processes, and lastly were given an opportunity to comment on completed drafts of report chapters. They directly requested co-authorship, which was given to increase a sense of community ownership of the report hereafter and honour their assistance, however all conclusions made herein were drawn on the basis of university-based research only. I want to thank Jayne Lucke from ARCSHS and William Leonard from GLHV for their work helping me with the report, and for taking this work seriously enough to picture it within the context of various valuable next steps for the field. The research also had the support of organisations, groups, medical practitioners and individual activists all over Australia promoting the project by putting it into both professional and personal e-list mail- outs, placing advertisements on Facebook pages and websites, including items in newsletters, and letting people know by word-of-mouth. Here I thank ACON, ACT Human Rights Commission, AISSGA, Anne-Maree, x Intersex: Stories and Statistics from Australia The Australian Safe Schools Coalition, Australian X & Y Spectrum Support, The Australian and New Zealand Gender Support Group, Bodies Like Ours, Dani Wright and The Freedom Centre, Duane Duncan, Genderqueer Australia, Genetic Network of Victoria, GSMA@Queerspace, Intersex United, Klinefelter’s Syndrome Australia and SA, Laura’s Playground, Le Syndrome De Turner, Matt Tilley, Monica Bray, The National LGBTI Health Alliance, NSW ADB, OII Australia, Olivia Noto, Phoebe Hart, PCOS Australia, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Support Group, Reddit Intersex, SA Equal Opportunity Commission, The Safe Schools Coalition, ShineSA, Sim Kennedy, Sistergirls & Brotherboys Australia, Susan’s Place, Tony Briffa, Turner’s Syndrome Girls (XOers), Two Spirits QAHC, UNDP, UNESCO, XXY Friends, XXY/Klinefelter Syndrome Society, XXY Klinefelter’s Syndroom, YGender and many others. I thank the media/press who promoted the study through reduced advertising rates, and generous interviews and stories on the research. I especially thank ABC Radio, The Armidale Express, Estelle Boschoff, Nance Haxton, The Gay News Network, The Gay News Network’s Law Thread and many others. I also thank the medical practitioners including the doctors, endocrinologists, urologists and others who passed on information through their networks. I also thank Open Book Publishers for believing in this book and providing an innovative publishing model through which this important knowledge can be shared with readers around the world. Most vitally, the project owes its largest debt to the people with intersex variations who completed the survey. You have written yourself into history. You have asserted a voice different to current discourses dominating discussion of your experience and what it means. Your contributions to research are greatly appreciated, and I personally hope this book can in turn be useful for you in your own lives as something you and a range of stakeholders/service providers can read, share with others and benefit from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Male Reproductive System
    Management of Men’s Reproductive 3 Health Problems Men’s Reproductive Health Curriculum Management of Men’s Reproductive 3 Health Problems © 2003 EngenderHealth. All rights reserved. 440 Ninth Avenue New York, NY 10001 U.S.A. Telephone: 212-561-8000 Fax: 212-561-8067 e-mail: [email protected] www.engenderhealth.org This publication was made possible, in part, through support provided by the Office of Population, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of cooperative agreement HRN-A-00-98-00042-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the publisher and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID. Cover design: Virginia Taddoni ISBN 1-885063-45-8 Printed in the United States of America. Printed on recycled paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Men’s reproductive health curriculum : management of men’s reproductive health problems. p. ; cm. Companion v. to: Introduction to men’s reproductive health services, and: Counseling and communicating with men. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 1-885063-45-8 1. Andrology. 2. Human reproduction. 3. Generative organs, Male--Diseases--Treatment. I. EngenderHealth (Firm) II. Counseling and communicating with men. III. Title: Introduction to men’s reproductive health services. [DNLM: 1. Genital Diseases, Male. 2. Physical Examination--methods. 3. Reproductive Health Services. WJ 700 M5483 2003] QP253.M465 2003 616.6’5--dc22 2003063056 Contents Acknowledgments v Introduction vii 1 Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 1.1 The Male
    [Show full text]
  • Subjects of the Visual Arts: Hermaphrodites a Roman Copy of a Greek Sculpture of by Martin D
    Subjects of the Visual Arts: Hermaphrodites A Roman copy of a Greek sculpture of by Martin D. Snyder Hermaphroditus (ca 200 C. E.). Encyclopedia Copyright © 2015, glbtq, Inc. This photograph appears under the the CeCILL Entry Copyright © 2002, glbtq, Inc. license and is attributed Reprinted from http://www.glbtq.com to Rama. In classical mythology, the nymph Salmacis loved the handsome but unresponsive Hermaphroditus, son of Hermes and Aphrodite. When he bathed in her spring, she forcibly embraced him. As Hermaphroditus struggled to free himself, Salmacis prayed that they never part. The gods granted her wish, and the two became a single being with both male and female sexual characteristics. (Ovid, Metamorphoses, 4.285 ff.) In ancient art Hermaphroditus, either specifically or as a generalized type, is a common subject. He is either nude or lifts his garment to expose his genitals; alternatively, a satyr, who mistakes him for a woman, assaults him. The most famous portrayal represents Hermaphroditus asleep, lying on his stomach, head turned to the side, and torso twisted just enough to reveal his breast and genitals. (National Museum of the Terme, Rome, and the Louvre, Paris.) Hermaphrodites disappear from post-classical art history until the Renaissance, when writers of alchemical treatises rediscovered them as non-erotic symbols for the union of opposites (a potent image for later Jungian psychology), and emblem books portrayed them as symbols of marriage. (For a modern interpretation, see Marc Chagall's Homage to Appollinaire, 1911.) The tale of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis was portrayed occasionally in Renaissance and Neoclassical art. Among the depictions are the following: Jan Gossaert [Jan de Mabuse], The Metamorphosis of Hermaphroditus and the Nymph Salmacis (1505), Bartholomaeus Spranger, Salmacis and Hermaphroditus (1581), Francesco Albani, Salmacis Falling in Love with Hermaphroditus (ca 1660) and Salmacis Kissing Hermaphroditus in the Water (1660), and François-Joseph Navez, The Nymph Salmacis and Hermaphroditus (1829).
    [Show full text]
  • LGBTQI and GNC Resources
    Attachment B LGBTQI and GNC Resources Resources are available to help develop a better understanding of issues LGBTQ individuals face and provide access to ways to support them. Several of these organizations offer youth-oriented, school and community based LGBTQ support groups and events. Participation in such groups and events has been shown to be beneficial for LGBTQ youth. LOCAL RESOURCES • Adoption & Foster Care (AFC) Mentoring – Targeted, specialized mentoring service for young people who have been removed from their homes due to alleged abuse or neglect. Provides one-to-one mentoring as well as group mentoring through AFC Leaders, which includes a specialized group mentoring program for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) youth in care. (617-224-1302; www.afcmentoring.org) • “AGLY” (Alliance of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Youth) –Regional groups in communities across the Commonwealth provide weekly programming and annual social events in safe, supportive, non-exploitative and culturally competent spaces where LGBTQ youth can access social support and services, develop leadership and build community. Over 3,000 youth ages 22 and under who are LGBTQ participate every year throughout Greater Boston area, and over 6,000 youth across Massachusetts. (617-727-4313; http://www.bagly.org/programs/youth- group/overview; BAGLY also has a link that lists resources for youth, youth workers and parents and families at www.bagly.org/resources) • Boston Gay & Lesbian Adolescent Social Services (Boston GLASS) is a community center serving young people in the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender community. An average of 25-30 youth a night come to GLASS to meet friends, talk to staff or participate in formal programming.
    [Show full text]
  • Sara Aghamohammadi, M.D
    Sara Aghamohammadi, M.D. Philosophy of Care It is a privilege to care for children and their families during the time of their critical illness. I strive to incorporate the science and art of medicine in my everyday practice such that each child and family receives the best medical care in a supportive and respectful environment. Having grown up in the San Joaquin Valley, I am honored to join UC Davis Children's Hospital's team and contribute to the well-being of our community's children. Clinical Interests Dr. Aghamohammadi has always had a passion for education, she enjoys teaching principles of medicine, pediatrics, and critical care to medical students, residents, and nurses alike. Her clinical interests include standardization of practice in the PICU through the use of protocols. Her team has successfully implemented a sedation and analgesia protocol in the PICU, and she helped develop the high-flow nasal cannula protocol for bronchiolitis. Additionally, she has been involved in the development of pediatric pain order sets and is part of a multi-disciplinary team to address acute and chronic pain in pediatric patients. Research/Academic Interests Dr. Aghamohammadi has been passionate about Physician Health and Well-being and heads the Wellness Committee for the Department of Pediatrics. Additionally, she is a part of the Department Wellness Champions for the UC Davis Health System and has given presentations on the importance of Physician Wellness. After completing training in Physician Health and Well-being, she now serves as a mentor for the Train-the-Trainer Physician Health and Well-being Fellowship.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Full Text Online At
    Case Report Full text online at http://www.jiaps.com Penile agenesis A. K. Bangroo, Ramji Khetri, Sashi Tiwari St Stephen's Hospital, Tis Hazari, Delhi Correspondence: AK Bangroo, 103, Administrative block, St. Stephens Hospital, Tis Hazari, Delhi-110054, India. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Penile agenesis is an extremely rare disorder with profound urological and psychological consequences. The goal of treatment is an early female gender assignment and feminizing reconstruction of the perineum. KEY WORDS: Aphallia, Penile agenesis, Ambiguous genitalia Penile agenesis (PA) is an extremely rare developmental the scrotal folds which were preserved for subsequent anomaly with the reported incidence of 1 in 30 million genital reconstruction. births[1]. PA is believed to result from either the absence of the genital tubercle, or its failure to develop.[2] Several DISCUSSION investigators claim the absence of corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum as a prerequisite for the diagnosis of The earliest case report of aphallia was by Imminger in penile agenesis.[3] Except for the reported XX-XY mosaic, 1853[2] since then only 75 cases have been reported in the patients have 46 XY karyotypes.[4] More than half of these literature[6]. Skoog and Belman[5] suggested three variants, have associated anomalies, including developmental de­ based on urethral position in relationship to the anal fects of the caudal axis, genitourinary and gastrointestinal sphincter, as: Postsphincteric; Presphincteric tract anomalies.[5] The scrotum, testes and testicular func­ (Prostatorectal fistula) and Urethral atresia. More proxi­ tion are usually normal[2]. mal the bladder outlet, greater is the likelihood of other anomalies and death.[5] CASE REPORT A two-day-old 3.2 kg genotypic male (46XY) neonate was brought, by a social organization, to our hospital with the complaint of absence of penis, and passage of meco­ nium mixed with urine through rectum.
    [Show full text]
  • TRANSGENDER JEWS and HALAKHAH1 Rabbi Leonard A
    TRANSGENDER JEWS AND HALAKHAH1 Rabbi Leonard A. Sharzer MD This teshuvah was adopted by the CJLS on June 7, 2017, by a vote of 11 in favor, 8 abstaining. Members voting in favor: Rabbis Aaron Alexander, Pamela Barmash, Elliot Dorff, Susan Grossman, Reuven Hammer, Jan Kaufman, Gail Labovitz, Amy Levin, Daniel Nevins, Avram Reisner, and Iscah Waldman. Members abstaining: Rabbis Noah Bickart, Baruch Frydman- Kohl, Joshua Heller, David Hoffman, Jeremy Kalmanofsky, Jonathan Lubliner, Micah Peltz, and Paul Plotkin. שאלות 1. What are the appropriate rituals for conversion to Judaism of transgender individuals? 2. What are the appropriate rituals for solemnizing a marriage in which one or both parties are transgender? 3. How is the marriage of a transgender person (which was entered into before transition) to be dissolved (after transition). 4. Are there any requirements for continuing a marriage entered into before transition after one of the partners transitions? 5. Are hormonal therapy and gender confirming surgery permissible for people with gender dysphoria? 6. Are trans men permitted to become pregnant? 7. How must healthcare professionals interact with transgender people? 8. Who should prepare the body of a transgender person for burial? 9. Are preoperative2 trans men obligated for tohorat ha-mishpahah? 10. Are preoperative trans women obligated for brit milah? 11. At what point in the process of transition is the person recognized as the new gender? 12. Is a ritual necessary to effect the transition of a trans person? The Committee on Jewish Law and Standards of the Rabbinical Assembly provides guidance in matters of halkhhah for the Conservative movement.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Syndromes and Genes Involved
    ndrom Sy es tic & e G n e e n G e f Connell et al., J Genet Syndr Gene Ther 2013, 4:2 T o Journal of Genetic Syndromes h l e a r n a DOI: 10.4172/2157-7412.1000127 r p u y o J & Gene Therapy ISSN: 2157-7412 Review Article Open Access Genetic Syndromes and Genes Involved in the Development of the Female Reproductive Tract: A Possible Role for Gene Therapy Connell MT1, Owen CM2 and Segars JH3* 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Truman Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 3Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Abstract Müllerian and vaginal anomalies are congenital malformations of the female reproductive tract resulting from alterations in the normal developmental pathway of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and vagina. The most common of the Müllerian anomalies affect the uterus and may adversely impact reproductive outcomes highlighting the importance of gaining understanding of the genetic mechanisms that govern normal and abnormal development of the female reproductive tract. Modern molecular genetics with study of knock out animal models as well as several genetic syndromes featuring abnormalities of the female reproductive tract have identified candidate genes significant to this developmental pathway. Further emphasizing the importance of understanding female reproductive tract development, recent evidence has demonstrated expression of embryologically significant genes in the endometrium of adult mice and humans. This recent work suggests that these genes not only play a role in the proper structural development of the female reproductive tract but also may persist in adults to regulate proper function of the endometrium of the uterus.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Note on Human Rights Violations Against Intersex People Table of Contents 1 Introduction
    Background Note on Human Rights Violations against Intersex People Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2 2 Understanding intersex ................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Situating the rights of intersex people......................................................................... 4 2.2 Promoting the rights of intersex people....................................................................... 7 3 Forced and coercive medical interventions......................................................................... 8 4 Violence and infanticide ............................................................................................... 20 5 Stigma and discrimination in healthcare .......................................................................... 22 6 Legal recognition, including registration at birth ............................................................... 26 7 Discrimination and stigmatization .................................................................................. 29 8 Access to justice and remedies ....................................................................................... 32 9 Addressing root causes of human rights violations ............................................................ 35 10 Conclusions and way forward..................................................................................... 37 10.1 Conclusions
    [Show full text]
  • “Hermaphrodites”? Fering from a “Gender” Issue: Most People with Intersex Condi- Tions Identify As Just a Regular Man Or a Woman
    not only are surgeries detrimental to the child’s emotional and So you wanna know about sexual functioning, but they do not even deliver what they are intended to, which is the genital that looks “normal” and enables the individual to engage in “normal” heterosexual intercourse. Contrary to the popular belief, intersex people are not suf- “Hermaphrodites”? fering from a “gender” issue: most people with intersex condi- tions identify as just a regular man or a woman. Therefore the intersex movement is not calling for the third gender category to or, an introduction to the intersex movement raise intersex children in, but to 1) raise the child either as a boy or as a girl, based on our best prediction of what the child will In biology, “hermaphrodite” means an organism that has both be most comfortable with, 2) delay all non-emergency surgeries “male” and “female” sets of reproductive organs (like snails and until the child is old enough to understand and to have a say in earthworms). In humans, there are no actual “hermaphrodites” it, and 3) be open to adjustment if and when the child decides in this sense, although doctors have called people with intersex that s/he wants to live as a gender different from his/her initial conditions as “hermaphrodites” because intersex bodies do not assignment. By postponing the surgery until the child is mature neatly comform to what doctors defi ne as the “normal” male or enough, we can preserve the widest range of possibilities for the female bodies. child to choose from, and spare the child of a childhood rife with Intersex is defi ned as the “congenital anomalies of the sexual traumas.
    [Show full text]
  • AMENORRHOEA Amenorrhoea Is the Absence of Menses in a Woman of Reproductive Age
    AMENORRHOEA Amenorrhoea is the absence of menses in a woman of reproductive age. It can be primary or secondary. Secondary amenorrhoea is absence of periods for at least 3 months if the patient has previously had regular periods, and 6 months if she has previously had oligomenorrhoea. In contrast, oligomenorrhoea describes infrequent periods, with bleeds less than every 6 weeks but at least one bleed in 6 months. Aetiology of amenorrhea in adolescents (from Golden and Carlson) Oestrogen- Oestrogen- Type deficient replete Hypothalamic Eating disorders Immaturity of the HPO axis Exercise-induced amenorrhea Medication-induced amenorrhea Chronic illness Stress-induced amenorrhea Kallmann syndrome Pituitary Hyperprolactinemia Prolactinoma Craniopharyngioma Isolated gonadotropin deficiency Thyroid Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism Adrenal Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Cushing syndrome Ovarian Polycystic ovary syndrome Gonadal dysgenesis (Turner syndrome) Premature ovarian failure Ovarian tumour Chemotherapy, irradiation Uterine Pregnancy Androgen insensitivity Uterine adhesions (Asherman syndrome) Mullerian agenesis Cervical agenesis Vaginal Imperforate hymen Transverse vaginal septum Vaginal agenesis The recommendations for those who should be evaluated have recently been changed to those shown below. (adapted from Diaz et al) Indications for evaluation of an adolescent with primary amenorrhea 1. An adolescent who has not had menarche by age 15-16 years 2. An adolescent who has not had menarche and more than three years have elapsed since thelarche 3. An adolescent who has not had a menarche by age 13-14 years and no secondary sexual development 4. An adolescent who has not had menarche by age 14 years and: (i) there is a suspicion of an eating disorder or excessive exercise, or (ii) there are signs of hirsutism, or (iii) there is suspicion of genital outflow obstruction Pregnancy must always be excluded.
    [Show full text]
  • FCC Quarterly Programming Report Jan 1-March 31, 2017 KPCC-KUOR
    Southern California Public Radio- FCC Quarterly Programming Report Jan 1-March 31, 2017 KPCC-KUOR-KJAI-KVLA START TIME Duration min:sec Public Affairs Issue 1 Public Affairs Issue 2 Show & Narrative 1/2/2017 TAKE TWO: The Binge– 2016 was a terrible year - except for all the awesome new content that was Entertainment Industry available to stream. Mark Jordan Legan goes through the best that 2016 had to 9:42 8:30 offer with Alex Cohen. TAKE TWO: The Ride 2017– 2017 is here and our motor critic, Sue Carpenter, Transportation puts on her prognosticator hat to predict some of the automotive stories we'll be talking about in the new year 9:51 6:00 with Alex Cohen. TAKE TWO: Presidents and the Press– Presidential historian Barbara Perry says contention between a President Politics Media and the news media is nothing new. She talks with Alex Cohen about her advice for journalists covering the 10:07 10:30 Trump White House. TAKE TWO: The Wall– Political scientist Peter Andreas says building Trump's Immigration Politics wall might be easier than one thinks because hundreds of miles of the border are already lined with barriers. 10:18 12:30 He joins Alex Cohen. TAKE TWO: Prison Podcast– A podcast Law & is being produced out of San Quentin Media Order/Courts/Police State Prison called Ear Hustle. We hear some excerpts and A Martinez talks to 10:22 9:30 one of the producers, Nigel Poor. TAKE TWO: The Distance Between Us– Reyna Grande grew up in poverty in Books/ Literature/ Iguala, Mexico, left behind by her Immigration Authors parents who had gone north looking for a better life and she's written a memoir for young readers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Intersex Rights in Russia and Reframing Law and Tradition to Advance Reform
    Meyers Final Note (Do Not Delete) 5/24/2019 1:55 PM “Tragic and Glorious Pages”: The Evolution of Intersex Rights in Russia and Reframing Law and Tradition to Advance Reform MAGGIE J. MEYERS* I. INTRODUCTION “Despite all the achievements of civilization, the human being is still one of the most vulnerable creatures on earth.” - Vladimir Putin1 “You are alone, you are not normal”; that is how Aleksander Berezkin learned he was intersex.2 Born in 1984 in Novokuznetsk—a steel-producing town in southwestern Siberia, not unlike Pittsburgh in terms of climate and local economy3—Aleksander lived the life of an ordinary boy until his adolescence, when puberty failed to arrive. “When I was at school, my body looked visibly different from other teenagers,” Aleksander recalled.4 “I had no muscles . [n]o hair on the face. I was skinny and tall. With narrow shoulders and wide hips. Breast glands were enlarged. Sometimes people took me for a girl. I have been bullied and humiliated.”5 Desperate for answers and relief from the merciless taunting and social ostracism, at the age of seventeen Aleksander submitted to a genetic test that revealed the truth. While typical males have the chromosomes XY, Aleksander’s were XXY; he was diagnosed with a variation of Klinefelter syndrome, in which an extra X chromosome inhibits the body’s production of testosterone and leads to the development of stereotypically feminine traits in males.6 But Aleksander received little comfort from his intersex diagnosis, nor Copyright © 2019 by Maggie J. Meyers. * Duke University School of Law, J.D.
    [Show full text]