Ursprünge Einer Viktorianischen Grossstadt : Zur Architekturgeschichte Glasgows = the Origins of a Victorian Metropolis : Glasgow and Its Architectural History

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Ursprünge Einer Viktorianischen Grossstadt : Zur Architekturgeschichte Glasgows = the Origins of a Victorian Metropolis : Glasgow and Its Architectural History Ursprünge einer viktorianischen Grossstadt : zur Architekturgeschichte Glasgows = The Origins of a victorian metropolis : Glasgow and its architectural history Autor(en): Walker, David Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Werk, Bauen + Wohnen Band (Jahr): 72 (1985) Heft 9: Glasgow : Umnutzungen in der City = Glasgow : reconversions dans la city = Glasgow : refunctioning in the city PDF erstellt am: 11.10.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-54809 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Glasgow David Walker Ursprünge einer viktorianischen Grossstadt Zur Architekturgeschichte Glasgows Mehr als ein Jahrhundert lang galt Glasgow als die zweitwichtigste Stadt des britischen Weltreichs, und es besitzt auch heute noch ihm eine ureigene, mächtige Identität. Noch immer übertrifft es die Hauptstadt Edinburg an Grösse und Bedeutung als Geschäftszentrum, so wie New York in Washington den Schatten stellt. Es war seit jeher (mit Ausnahme der letzten paar Jahre) auch auf in bezug Architektur, Religion und Politik recht radikal. Weder Edinburger noch Londoner Architekten oder Modeströmungen schienen je einen Eindruck hinterlassen. nachhaltigen zu Glasgow blieb stilistischen und baulichen Experimenten gegenüber immer furchtlos, übernahm aber gerne kontinentale oder aus Übersee stammende Ideen, mehr als dies irgend eine andere englische Provinzstadt je tat. Sur l'histoire architecturale de Glasgow Pendant d'un plus siecle, Glasgow fut la seconde ville de l'Empire britannique et eile conserve encore aujourd'hui une part de sa puissante identite d'antan. Meme maintenant, par sa taille et son importance en tant que centre economique, eile surpasse toujours la capitale Edimbourg, tout comme Washington reste dans l'ombre de New York. Depuis toujours (si l'on excepte ces dernieres quelques annees), eile est restee resolument radicale aux plans de l'architecture, de la religion et de la politique. Ni les architectes de d'Edimbourg ou Londres, ni les courants de la mode ne semblent y avoir laisse une trace durable. En matiere d'expenmentation stylistique et constructive, eile se montra toujours audacieuse tout en adoptant volontiers des idees du continent ou d'outre-mer, plus que ne le fit n'importe quelle autre ville de province anglaise. Glasgow and its Architectural History Glasgow was for than more a Century the second city of the British Empire and even today has a powerful identity of its own, in size and as a business importance centre still overshadowing the capital Edinburgh, much as New York overshadows Washington. in Architecturally, as religion and in politics, it has, at least until recent years, always been radical, never much impressed by architects fashions or in Edinburgh or London, unafraid of stylistic and structural experiment and receptive to continental and transatlantic ideas to a degree not paralleled in any ofthe English provincial cities. (Original English version see page 61) Provinziell war Glasgow eben gerade wähl sei keineswegs in derart praktischen nicht. 1890 seine entsprach m Erwägungen zu suchen. Das Ganze gehe Bevölkerungsdichte ungefähr der von Berlin, vielmehr auf den Rastplatz zweier nicht Wien oder St.Petersburg. Und obwohl es wmk domestizierter Stiere zurück, die St.Mun¬ keinen aufweisen waren Königshof konnte, go bat, die Grabstelle eines alten Heiligen seine Bestrebungen, internationale namens Fergus nach dessen Wünschen Ausstellungen zu beherbergen, deshalb m auszuwählen. An diesem Ort gründete keineswegs geringer als die anderer Städte. St.Mungo, der manchmal auch Selbst der jetzt, vom Zerfall i Kentigern genannt wird, Gleschu oder Glas- Zwischenkriegs- und der Nachkriegsjähre o ghu. Etymologische Forschungen führten verwüstet, beeinträchtigt auch von der zur Übersetzung «Liebe Gemeinde» oder nur stückchenweise erfolgenden Sanierung «Lieber grüner Ort». Auf dem Grund (wobei manches den Nachbargebäuden und Boden dieser Gemeinde begann in nichts nachsteht, anderes aber dann Bischof Achaius 1110 eine Kathedrale dem nicht Vergleich standhält), und trotz zu bauen, die 1190 niederbrannte, des grösstenteils noch immer vorhandenen dann aber von Bischof Jocelin und später Zerstörungsstreifens, der durch die von Bischof Bondington wieder aufgebaut innere Ringstrasse Glasgow entstand, bleibt wurde; dieses Mal allerdings nach immer noch die bedeutendste Stadt weitaus ehrgeizigeren Massstäben. Letzterer Grossbritanniens der aus Zeit Königin errichtete 1233 den heutigen, später Victorias, König Edwards oder zwischen noch etwas erweiterten Chor. Es ist dies den Kriegen. das älteste noch überlebende Gebäude verdankt des Glasgow seinen Reichtum Kathedrale, Detail Chores der Stadt. Die Orientierung der Kirche seiner Position am höchsten noch schiffbaren 0 Längsschnitt / muss deren Erbauer vor nahezu unüber- Punkt des Flusses, der Coupe longitudinale / Longitudinal section gleichzeitig 0 windbare Schwierigkeiten gestellt haben, auch den niedersten noch 1764, praktikablen Glasgow, von Süden aus so dass man fast annehmen kann, die des o Brückenkopf Clyde darstellt. Die Legende Trongate 1820, the Tolbooth und Tontine Tron entspreche hier den Tatsachen. Legende der Hotel, behauptet, Grund dieser Orts- Church Bondingtons Meister-Steinmetz, der wie 28 Werk, Bauen+Wohnen Nr. 9/1985 Ursprünge einer viktorianischen Grossstadt m^M p-pyP_ ' ¦ ''¦ ii«--' -r -M r. xf_ <* ^SMr" f -,~~ ^ ¦ Jocelin selbst vermutlich von jenseits der gehobeneren Landadels glichen ihr, hatten Unabhängigkeitskriege ruinierten den Grenze stammte, bewältigte das aber keine Türme. Vermutlich Tabakhandel, der bis anhin 46 Millionen Problem, indem er den Chor des Hauptschiffs verdanken wir alle diese Bauten den Tonnen pro Jahr betrug, und die mittels eines riesigen Unterbaus Meister-Steinmetzen John Boyd und John Herrschaftshäuser der Grosskaufleute fielen anhob. Dieser nahm in der Folge die Clark, den Erbauern der Universität. Sie den folgenden Jahrzehnten zum Opfer. gewölbte Krypta mit ihrem äusserst alle wiesen Renaissance-Details aus der Nur die St. Andrews Church und der heute komplexen Grundriss, dessen Zentrum der Zeit König Jakobs des I. und des verfallene Platz von 1786 um sie herum, St.Mungo-Schrein war, auf. Für dieses skandinavischen Typs auf. Ähnliche Einzelheiten die Türme des Tolbooth, das Konzept einer Pilgerkirche der Low zierten auch Boyds 1626 entstandenes Merchants' House und die Tron Kirk, zusammen Church gab es im damaligen England massives Tolbooth (Gefängnis) mit mit ein paar wenigen verwüsteten nichts Vergleichbares. Trotzdem wurde seinen Türmen, eine erweiterte Version von Häusern und Blöcken überleben noch. diesem Bau nie der ihm gebührende William Wallace' Palastgebäude am Das sie verdrängende Glasgow, das sich internationale Ruhm gezollt. Jene Schloss von Edinburg von 1615-1617. Es nun auf den Handel mit Kohle, Eisen, englischen Steinbauer gründeten mit ihren dominierte die grosse Kreuzung der vier Chemikalien und teilweise auch mit fein gehauenen Details, ihren meisterhaften Hauptstrassen der Stadt, entlang denen Baumwolle stützte, wuchs immer rascher Rippengewölben und den bei derart Wohnblöcke und Geschäftslokalitäten und wies bei ursprünglich 28 000 Einwohnern heroischen Bemühungen auftretenden standen, die scheinbar die Edinburger im Jahre 1763, 1801 bereits 77000 Bauproblemen die abenteuerlustige Beispiele in ihren Details weit übertrafen, auf; es hatte sich sehr verändert. Das architektonische Tradition, die seither und lange Streifen ummauerter Gärten Gebiet zwischen der High Street und der besteht. Glasgow wurde auf Hügeln erbaut, aufwiesen. Als in den ersten zwei Buchanan Street wurde stückweise nach und seine Archtiekten haben sich nie Dritteln des 18. Jh. der Reichtum der Plänen des lokalen Landvermessers gescheut, auf die Herausforderung, an Kaufleute wuchs (vor allem bei jenen, James Barry saniert und in ein nahezu einem Abhang bauen zu müssen, zu die sich mit dem Tabak-, Rum- und Zuk- regelmässiges Raster von fünfstöckigen antworten. kerhandel beschäftigten), entstanden Wohnblöcken mit Bruchstein-Fassaden Glasgows Kathedrale überlebte als Dutzende von Villas mit grossen Gärten verwandelt, die man in Schottland «tene- einzige schottische Kathedrale die zwischen dem Gebiet der High Street ments» nennt. Im Erdgeschoss wurden Reformation. Die Zünfte erlaubten nicht, dass und der heutigen Buchanan
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