DOCSLIB.ORG

IAEA Nuclear Energy Series Status and Trends in Nuclear Education

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IAEA Nuclear Energy Series Status and Trends in Nuclear Education IAEA Nuclear Energy Series IAEA Nuclear No. NG-T-6.1 No. Education Nuclear in Trends and Status IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NG-T-6.1 Basic Status and Trends Principles in Nuclear Education Objectives Guides Technical Reports INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA ISBN 978–92–0–109010–2 ISSN 1995–7807 10-39441_P1475_cover.indd 1 2011-06-03 14:00:28 IAEA NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES PUBLICATIONS STRUCTURE OF THE IAEA NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES Under the terms of Articles III.A and VIII.C of its Statute, the IAEA is authorized to foster the exchange of scientific and technical information on the peaceful uses of atomic energy. The publications in the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series provide information in the areas of nuclear power, nuclear fuel cycle, radioactive waste management and decommissioning, and on general issues that are relevant to all of the above mentioned areas. The structure of the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series comprises three levels: 1 — Basic Principles and Objectives; 2 — Guides; and 3 — Technical Reports. The Nuclear Energy Basic Principles publication describes the rationale and vision for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Nuclear Energy Series Objectives publications explain the expectations to be met in various areas at different stages of implementation. Nuclear Energy Series Guides provide high level guidance on how to achieve the objectives related to the various topics and areas involving the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. Nuclear Energy Series Technical Reports provide additional, more detailed, information on activities related to the various areas dealt with in the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series. The IAEA Nuclear Energy Series publications are coded as follows: NG — general; NP — nuclear power; NF — nuclear fuel; NW — radioactive waste management and decommissioning. In addition, the publications are available in English on the IAEA’s Internet site: http://www.iaea.org/Publications/index.html For further information, please contact the IAEA at PO Box 100, Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria. All users of the IAEA Nuclear Energy Series publications are invited to inform the IAEA of experience in their use for the purpose of ensuring that they continue to meet user needs. Information may be provided via the IAEA Internet site, by post, at the address given above, or by email to [email protected]. 10-39441_P1475_cover.indd 2 2011-06-03 14:00:28 STATUS AND TRENDS IN NUCLEAR EDUCATION The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GHANA NORWAY ALBANIA GREECE OMAN ALGERIA GUATEMALA PAKISTAN ANGOLA HAITI PALAU ARGENTINA HOLY SEE PANAMA ARMENIA HONDURAS PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA HUNGARY PERU AUSTRIA ICELAND PHILIPPINES AZERBAIJAN INDIA POLAND BAHRAIN INDONESIA PORTUGAL BANGLADESH IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF QATAR BELARUS IRAQ REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BELGIUM IRELAND ROMANIA BELIZE ISRAEL RUSSIAN FEDERATION BENIN ITALY SAUDI ARABIA BOLIVIA JAMAICA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SENEGAL BOTSWANA JORDAN SERBIA BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SEYCHELLES BULGARIA KENYA SIERRA LEONE BURKINA FASO KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE BURUNDI KUWAIT SLOVAKIA CAMBODIA KYRGYZSTAN SLOVENIA CAMEROON LATVIA SOUTH AFRICA CANADA LEBANON SPAIN CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SRI LANKA REPUBLIC LIBERIA SUDAN CHAD LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA SWEDEN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN SWITZERLAND CHINA LITHUANIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG TAJIKISTAN CONGO MADAGASCAR THAILAND COSTA RICA MALAWI THE FORMER YUGOSLAV CÔTE DIVOIRE MALAYSIA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CROATIA MALI TUNISIA CUBA MALTA TURKEY CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES OF THE CONGO MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF DENMARK MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND ECUADOR MONTENEGRO EGYPT MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC EL SALVADOR MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA ERITREA MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ESTONIA NAMIBIA URUGUAY ETHIOPIA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN FINLAND NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA FRANCE NEW ZEALAND VIETNAM GABON NICARAGUA YEMEN GEORGIA NIGER ZAMBIA GERMANY NIGERIA ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA NUCLEAR ENERGY SERIES No. NG-T-6.1 STATUS AND TRENDS IN NUCLEAR EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2011 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books © IAEA, 2011 Printed by the IAEA in Austria March 2011 STI/PUB/1475 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Status and trends in nuclear education. — Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2011. p. ; 30 cm. — (IAEA nuclear energy series, ISSN 1995–7807 ; no. NG-T-6.1) STI/PUB/1475 ISBN 978–92–0–109010–2 Includes bibliographical references. 1. Nuclear physics – Study and teaching. 2. Education. 3. Nuclear engineering – Study and teaching. 4. Iaea. 5. Member states. I. International Atomic Energy Agency. II. Series. IAEAL 11–00680 FOREWORD The important role which the IAEA plays in assisting Member States in the preservation and enhancement of nuclear knowledge and in facilitating international collaboration in this area has been recognized by the General Conference in resolutions GC(46)/RES/11B, GC(47)/RES/10B, GC(48)/RES/13, GC(50)/RES/13 and GC(51)/12. These resolutions request the IAEA to assist Member States in their efforts to ensure the preservation of nuclear education and training in all areas of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes, which is a necessary prerequisite for succession planning. Recently, the IAEA has been working with universities to address future workforce demand and the quality and quantity of nuclear education. IAEA activities focused in particular on curriculums, networking universities and internet platforms for nuclear education. University networks supported include the World Nuclear University (WNU, of which the IAEA is also a founding supporter), the European Nuclear Education Network and the Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology, and also other national and regional initiatives. At recent international meetings, the IAEA’s role in assisting Member States in manageing nuclear knowledge has been clearly defined. This is reflected in the recommendations of two technical meetings on the Role of Universities in Preserving and Managing Nuclear Knowledge held in 2007 and 2008 and the Meeting of Senior Officials on Nuclear Knowledge Management — Cooperation for Development, May 2008. The IAEA has been asked by Member States to support the development of policies and strategies in nuclear education. This report is in response to the request of Member States. Its purpose is to support the development of policies and strategies in nuclear education. It provides a review of the status of nuclear education in over 30 Member States and educational networks while consolidating the best practices in nuclear education. The publication also provides recommendations which could facilitate benchmarking, and improvements in and formulation of strategies, particularly for newcomer countries. This publication is applicable to decision makers from governments, academia, regulators, facility owners and operators and private industry. In addition, it is intended for practitioners in nuclear education in newcomer, ‘young’ and mature categories of countries in terms of the extent of nuclear power development. Appreciation is expressed to all participants who contributed to the drafting of this report. Particular thanks are due to J. Roberts (United Kingdom) for his assistance in consolidating the good practices in nuclear education. The IAEA officers responsible for this report were A. Kosilov, M. Saidy and Y. Yanev of the Department of Nuclear Energy. EDITORIAL NOTE This report has been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA to the extent considered necessary for the reader’s assistance. It does not address questions of responsibility, legal or otherwise, for acts or omissions on the part of any person. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from its use. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reactor Physics Calculations in the Nordic Countries
    ESPOO 2003 VTT SYMPOSIUM 230 The eleventh biennial meeting on reactor physics calculations in the Nordic VTT SYMPOSIUM 230 countries was arranged by VTT Processes in Otaniemi, Espoo and on board Tallink´s m/s Romantika on April 9–10, 2003. General reactor physics, calculational methods, a code system adapted for RBMK reactor analyses, and transmutation of nuclear waste were presented by representatives of universities and programme developers. Computer programmes are the most important tools of reactor physics. At the meeting there were presentations of VTT Processes’ new deterministic 3- dimensional radiation transport code MultiTrans and BWR simulator ARES based upon the AFEN model, and also of new features in internationally wellknown codes like CASMO-4E and POLCA (POLCA-T) together with Reactor physics calculations in the Nordic countries results obtained by these programmes. A code for PWR loading pattern search, called LP-fun, is being developed by Westinghouse and others. On the subject of code validation, measurements on SVEA-96+ fuel bundles in the PROTEUS facility had been analyzed with the PHOENIX4 code, reactor scram experiments in the Loviisa and Mochovce VVER reactors using CASMO-4, MCNP4B and HEXTRAN, results of gamma scanning by the PHOENIX4/POLCA7 combination. Some difficulties in predicting the power distribution in the reactor core with sufficiently good accuracy using any of the available code systems were reported by OKG. Heating of non-fuel regions by gamma radiation and neutrons had been investigated using the HELIOS lattice code. Calculational results for heat deposition from gamma radiation in the moderator tank of the Forsmark-1 reactor were reported by Risø.
    [Show full text]
  • OER in Argentina: Edition 2 Iris Velazquez Noguera, May 2014
    OER in Argentina: Edition 2 Iris Velazquez Noguera, May 2014 Table of Contents 0. Executive Summary: changes from Edition 1 ............................................................ 3 1. Argentina overview ...................................................................................................... 4 2. Education in Argentina ................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Highlights ......................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2 Educational modalities ..................................................................................... 8 2.1.3 Students by level of education 2007 – 2012 ..................................................... 8 2.2 General Basic Education (EGB) .................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Pre-school education ..................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Primary and Secondary School ...................................................................... 10 2.3 Further Education: Secondary Education and Technical Schools .................. 14 2.3.1 Secondary education Specialities, modalities and degrees ............................ 14 2.3.2 Enrolled students and graduation rates .......................................................... 15 2.3.3 Outstanding Secondary Education
    [Show full text]
  • Compilation and Evaluation of Fission Yield Nuclear Data Iaea, Vienna, 2000 Iaea-Tecdoc-1168 Issn 1011–4289
    IAEA-TECDOC-1168 Compilation and evaluation of fission yield nuclear data Final report of a co-ordinated research project 1991–1996 December 2000 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Data Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria COMPILATION AND EVALUATION OF FISSION YIELD NUCLEAR DATA IAEA, VIENNA, 2000 IAEA-TECDOC-1168 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2000 Printed by the IAEA in Austria December 2000 FOREWORD Fission product yields are required at several stages of the nuclear fuel cycle and are therefore included in all large international data files for reactor calculations and related applications. Such files are maintained and disseminated by the Nuclear Data Section of the IAEA as a member of an international data centres network. Users of these data are from the fields of reactor design and operation, waste management and nuclear materials safeguards, all of which are essential parts of the IAEA programme. In the 1980s, the number of measured fission yields increased so drastically that the manpower available for evaluating them to meet specific user needs was insufficient. To cope with this task, it was concluded in several meetings on fission product nuclear data, some of them convened by the IAEA, that international co-operation was required, and an IAEA co-ordinated research project (CRP) was recommended. This recommendation was endorsed by the International Nuclear Data Committee, an advisory body for the nuclear data programme of the IAEA. As a consequence, the CRP on the Compilation and Evaluation of Fission Yield Nuclear Data was initiated in 1991, after its scope, objectives and tasks had been defined by a preparatory meeting.
    [Show full text]
  • Vver and Rbmk Cross Section Libraries for Origen-Arp
    VVER AND RBMK CROSS SECTION LIBRARIES FOR ORIGEN-ARP Germina Ilas, Brian D. Murphy, and Ian C. Gauld, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA Introduction An accurate treatment of neutron transport and depletion in modern fuel assemblies characterized by heterogeneous, complex designs, such as the VVER or RBMK assembly configurations, requires the use of advanced computational tools capable of simulating multi-dimensional geometries. The depletion module TRITON [1], which is part of the SCALE code system [2] that was developed and is maintained at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), allows the depletion simulation of two- or three-dimensional assembly configurations and the generation of burnup-dependent cross section libraries. These libraries can be saved for subsequent use with the ORIGEN-ARP module in SCALE. This later module is a faster alternative to TRITON for fuel depletion, decay, and source term analyses at an accuracy level comparable to that of a direct TRITON simulation. This paper summarizes the methodology used to generate cross section libraries for VVER and RBMK assembly configurations that can be employed in ORIGEN-ARP depletion and decay simulations. It briefly describes the computational tools and provides details of the steps involved. Results of validation studies for some of the libraries, which were performed using isotopic assay measurement data for spent fuel, are provided and discussed. Cross section libraries for ORIGEN-ARP Methodology The TRITON capability to perform depletion simulations for two-dimensional (2-D) configurations was implemented by coupling of the 2-D transport code NEWT with the point depletion and decay code ORIGEN-S. NEWT solves the transport equation on a 2-D arbitrary geometry grid by using an SN approach, with a treatment of the spatial variable that is based on an extended step characteristic method [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Fuel Optimization and Problem of Xa9953256 Increasing Burnup and Cost Efficiency of Light Water Reactors in Russia
    NUCLEAR FUEL OPTIMIZATION AND PROBLEM OF XA9953256 INCREASING BURNUP AND COST EFFICIENCY OF LIGHT WATER REACTORS IN RUSSIA M.I. SOLONIN, Yu. K. BIBLASHCVLI, F.G. RESHETNIKOV, F.F. SOKOLOV, A.A. BOCHVAR All-Russia Research Institute of Inorganic Materials, Moscow, Russia Abstract Brief analysis is given of the results of WWER-1000 and WWER-440 fuel assembly (FA) and fuel rod operation to the average burn-up of 44 and 34 MW-day/kg U, respectively. The reliable operation of the fuel is noted which made it possible to outline the paths of further improvements in their fuel cycles. Based on a series of improvements reactors are being switched on a 4-year cycle; a 5-year cycle is contemplated for the WWER- 440. The fuel cycle of the boiling RBMK reactors is subjected to essential alterations. Specifically, the use of erbium oxide as an integral burnable absorber allows a higher enrichment of uranium and bum-up. To extend the burn-up a new zirconium alloy E-635 is assumed to be used as fuel rod claddings and other FA components; the alloy has higher corrosion and irradiation resistance. INTRODUCTION The current technical level of the PWR and BWR fuel production and the perfected system of the reactor management have allowed to provide the successful operation of PWR NPP to the average burn-up of ~45 MW* day/kg U in all countries of developed nuclear power. The differences in the reliability and FA serviceability as well as in the number of leaky fuel rods are rather small and the attention is usually not focused on this issue.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Fissile Material Report 2006 a Table of Contents
    IPF M Global Fis sile Material Report Developing the technical basis for policy initiatives to secure and irreversibly reduce stocks of nuclear weapons and fissile materials 2006 Over the past six decades, our understanding of the nuclear danger has expanded from the threat posed by the vast nuclear arsenals created by the super- powers in the Cold War to encompass the prolifera- tion of nuclear weapons to additional states and now also to terrorist groups. To reduce this danger, it is essential to secure and to sharply reduce all stocks of highly enriched uranium and separated plutonium, the key materials in nuclear weapons, and to limit any further production. The mission of the IPFM is to advance the technical basis for cooperative international policy initiatives to achieve these goals. A report published by Global Fissile The International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM) www.fissilematerials.org Program on Science and Global Security Princeton University Material Report 2006 221 Nassau Street, 2nd Floor Princeton, NJ 08542, USA First report of the International Panel on Fissile Materials First report of the International Panel on Fissile Materials Developing the Technical Basis for Policy Initiatives to Secure and Irreversibly Reduce Stocks of Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Materials www.fissilematerials.org Global Fissile Material Report 2006 a Table of Contents About the IPFM 1 Summary 2 I. Background 5 1 Fissile Materials and Nuclear Weapons 6 2 Nuclear-Weapon and Fissile-Material Stocks 12 3 Production and Disposition of Fissile
    [Show full text]
  • IYNC2016 and Beyond 2 3
    IYNC BULLETIN International Youth Nuclear Congress SPECIAL EDITION #12 September 2016 www.iync.org IYNC2016 and beyond 2 3 Editorial Dear IYNC community, Some innovating solutions are already in development. Small modular reactors (SMRs), hybrid renewable-nuclear energy solutions, and accident tolerant fuel (ATF) are good As the newly elected IYNC President examples. Innovation will also have to happen in other areas, such as, licensing, waste I would like to welcome you to the 12th management and decommissioning. Successful projects will result in multi-disciplinary IYNC Bulletin. This issue marks the be- and multi-cultural initiatives requiring partnerships between various experts and cultures. ginning of a new term for IYNC. A new With its network of 49 countries, IYNC has the potential to support innovation in nuclear leadership team was elected in July 2016 energy. for the period 2016 – 2018. Innovation will be the focus of this term. Innovating for IYNC2016 was also a unique opportunity to discuss the future of IYNC. The first IYNC IYNC but also supporting innovation in Alumni event took place in Hangzhou where several ideas were discussed. A need to nuclear science and technology. innovate within IYNC was also identified. In this new term, we will work to develop IYNC activities beyond the bi-annual congress. As an example we plan to develop an innova- There is a growing consensus that the global warming mitigation objective of limiting to a tion contest, which you will hear more about soon. Other priorities will have to do with 2°C rise in global temperatures cannot be met without nuclear energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Reactor Realities
    Page 1 of 26 Nuclear Reactor Realities NUCLEAR REACTOR REALITIES (An Australian viewpoint) PREFACE Now that steam ships are no longer common, people tend to forget that nuclear power is just a replacement of coal, oil or gas for heating water to form steam to drive turbines, or of water (hydro) to do so directly. As will be shown in this tract, it is by far the safest way of doing so to generate electricity economically in large quantities – as a marine engineer of my acquaintance is fond of saying. Recently Quantum Market Research released its latest Australian Scan (The Advertiser, Saturday April 17, 2012, p 17). It has been tracking social change by interviewing 2000 Australians annually since 1992. In the concerns in the environment category, “[a]t the top of the list is nuclear accidents and waste disposal” (44.4 per cent), while “global warming” was well down the list of priorities at No 15, with only 27.7 per cent of people surveyed rating the issue as “extremely serious.” Part of the cause of such information must be that people are slowly realising that they have been deluded by publicity about unverified computer models which indicate that man’s emissions of CO2 play a major part in global warming. They have not yet realised that the history of the dangers of civilian nuclear power generation shows the reverse of their images. The topic of nuclear waste disposal is also shrouded in reactor physics mysteries, leading to a mis-placed general fear of the unknown. In this article only nuclear reactors are considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Magnox Corrosion
    Department Of Materials Science & Engineering From Magnox to Chernobyl: A report on clearing-up problematic nuclear wastes Sean T. Barlow BSc (Hons) AMInstP Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK IOP Nuclear Industry Group, September 28 | Warrington, Cheshire, UK Department Of Materials Science & Engineering About me… 2010-2013: Graduated from University of Salford - BSc Physics (Hons) Department Of Materials Science & Engineering About me… 2013-2018: Started on Nuclear Fission Research Science and Technology (FiRST) at the University of Sheffield Member of the Immobilisation Science Laboratory (ISL) group • Wasteforms cement, glass & ceramic • Characterisation of materials (Trinitite/Chernobylite) • Corrosion science (steels) Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Fully funded project based PhD with possibility to go on secondment • 3-4 month taught course at Manchester • 2 mini-projects in Sheffield • 3 years for PhD + 1 year write up • Funding available for conferences and training • Lots of outreach work • Site visits to Sellafield reprocessing facility, Heysham nuclear power station & Atomic Weapons Authority Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Fully funded project based PhD with possibility to go on secondment • 3-4 month taught course at Manchester • 2 mini-projects in Sheffield • 3 years for PhD + 1 year write up • Funding available for conferences and training • Lots of outreach work • Site visits to Sellafield reprocessing facility, Heysham nuclear power station & Atomic Weapons Authority Department Of Materials Science & Engineering Department Of Materials Science & Engineering 2017: Junior Project Manager at DavyMarkham Department Of Materials Science & Engineering PhD projects… 4 main projects 1. Magnox waste immobilisation in glass 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Implications of the Accident at Chernobyl for Safety Regulation of Commercial Nuclear Power Plants in the United States Final Report
    NUREG-1251 Vol. I Implications of the Accident at Chernobyl for Safety Regulation of Commercial Nuclear Power Plants in the United States Final Report Main Report U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission p. o AVAILABILITY NOTICE Availability of Reference Materials Cited in NRC Publications Most documents cited in NRC publications will be available from one of the following sources: 1. The NRC Public Document Room, 2120 L Street, NW, Lower Level, Washington, DC 20555 2. The Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37082, Washington, DC 20013-7082 3. The National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 Although the listing that follows represents the majority of documents cited in NRC publica- tions, it is not intended to be exhaustive. Referenced documents available for inspection and copying for a fee from the NRC Public Document Room include NRC correspondence and internal NRC memoranda; NRC Office of Inspection and Enforcement bulletins, circulars, information notices, inspection and investi- gation notices; Licensee Event Reports; vendor reports and correspondence; Commission papers; and applicant and licensee documents and correspondence. The following documents in the NUREG series are available for purchase from the GPO Sales Program: formal NRC staff and contractor reports, NRC-sponsored conference proceed- ings, and NRC booklets and brochures. Also available are Regulatory Guides, NRC regula- tions in the Code of Federal Regulations, and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Issuances. Documents available from the National Technical Information Service include NUREG series reports and technical reports prepared by other federal agencies and reports prepared by the Atomic Energy Commission, forerunner agency to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Axial Neutron Flux Evaluation in a Tokamak System: a Possible Transmutation Blanket Position for a Fusion-Fission Transm
    Brazilian Journal of Physics ISSN: 0103-9733 [email protected] Sociedade Brasileira de Física Brasil Velasquez, Carlos E.; Barros, Graiciany de P.; Pereira, Claubia; Fortini Veloso, Maria A.; Costa, Antonella L. Axial Neutron Flux Evaluation in a Tokamak System: a Possible Transmutation Blanket Position for a Fusion-Fission Transmutation System Brazilian Journal of Physics, vol. 42, núm. 3-4, julio-diciembre, 2012, pp. 237-247 Sociedade Brasileira de Física Sâo Paulo, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=46423465009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Braz J Phys (2012) 42:237–247 DOI 10.1007/s13538-012-0081-2 NUCLEAR PHYSICS Axial Neutron Flux Evaluation in a Tokamak System: a Possible Transmutation Blanket Position for a Fusion–Fission Transmutation System Carlos E. Velasquez & Graiciany de P. Barros & Claubia Pereira & Maria A. Fortini Veloso & Antonella L. Costa Received: 28 August 2011 /Published online: 17 May 2012 # Sociedade Brasileira de Física 2012 Abstract A sub-critical advanced reactor based on Tokamak regions more suitable to transmutation were determined. The technology with a D–T fusion neutron source is an innovative results demonstrated that the best zone in which to place a type of nuclear system. Due to the large number of neutrons transmutation blanket is limited by the heat sink and the shield produced by fusion reactions, such a system could be useful in block.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Nuclear Reactor Physics
    Fundamentals of Nuclear Reactor Physics E. E. Lewis Professor of Mechanical Engineering McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science Northwestern University AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO ELSEVIER Academie Press is an imprint of Elsevier Contents Preface xiii 1 Nuclear Reactions 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Nuclear Reaction Fundamentals 2 Reaction Equations 3 Notation 5 Energetics 5 1.3 The Curve of Binding Energy 7 1.4 Fusion Reactions 8 1.5 Fission Reactions 9 Energy Release and Dissipation 10 Neutron Multiplication 12 Fission Products 13 1.6 Fissile and Fertile Materials 16 1.7 Radioactive Decay 18 Saturation Activity 20 Decay Chains 21 2 Neutron Interactions 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Neutron Cross Sections 29 Microscopic and Macroscopic Cross Sections 30 Uncollided Flux 32 Nuclide Densities 33 Enriched Uranium 35 Cross Section Calculation Example 36 Reaction Types 36 2.3 Neutron Energy Range 38 2.4 Cross Section Energy Dependence 40 Compound Nucleus Formation 41 Resonance Cross Sections 42 Threshold Cross Sections 46 Fissionable Materials 47 vii viii Contents 2.5 Neutron Scattering 48 Elastic Scattering 49 Slowing Down Decrement 50 Inelastic Scattering 52 3 Neutron Distributions in Energy 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 Nuclear Fuel Properties 58 3.3 Neutron Moderators 61 3.4 Neutron Energy Spectra 63 Fast Neutrons 65 Neutron Slowing Down 66 Thermal Neutrons 70 Fast and Thermal Reactor Spectra 72 3.5
    [Show full text]