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Research Proposal THE EFFECTS OF THE DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL POLICY ON GAY, LESBIAN AND BISEXUAL VETERANS’ EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING A Project Presented to the faculty of the Social Work Division California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK by Chidera Madu-Egu SUMMER 2013 © 2013 Chidera Madu-Egu ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii THE EFFECTS OF THE DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL POLICY ON GAY, LESBIAN AND BISEXUAL VETERANS’ EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING A Project by Chidera Madu-Egu Approved by: __________________________________, Committee Chair Teiahsha Bankhead, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. Date iii Student: Chidera Madu-Egu I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and that this project is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for the project. , Graduate Coordinator Dale Russell, Ed.D., L.C.S.W. Date Division of Social Work iv Abstract of THE EFFECTS OF THE DON’T ASK, DON’T TELL POLICY ON GAY, LESBIAN AND BISEXUAL VETERANS’ EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING by Chidera Madu-Egu This mixed-methods, qualitative/quantitative study explores the emotional effects of the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell (DADT) policy on veterans’ emotional well-being. This study consisted of 20 participants from two sampling time periods. The first sample came from 2008 while DADT was in effect. The second sample came from 2013 after the repeal of DADT. The study used a survey design. The focus of this project was centered on the concept of hidden sexual identity as it pertains to the emotional well-being of military veterans, through the lens of the Relative Deprivation theory and Social Identity theory. The data illustrated that 100% of the sampled GLB veterans experienced high levels of anxiety pertaining to hiding their sexual orientation while serving in the military. Findings included 90% of participants stating that even with the DADT policy in place; they would still recommend other GLB persons to join the military. , Committee Chair Teiahsha Bankhead, Ph.D., L.C.S.W. Date v DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this project to all of the men and women who voluntarily serve in the U.S. Military, fighting for the freedom of all people, both in foreign lands and domestically while being denied the right to fight for their own rights to serve as openly gay, lesbian, and bisexual service members. This is for all those who have felt they had to hide their sexual orientation in order to “blend in” and feel they are a part of something more important than themselves. I dedicate this to all the service members who have been emotionally violated by those they swore to protect. Last but not least, I dedicate this to all people of the GLBTQQIAAP Community everywhere. Just remember, being uniquely unique is better than being commonly common. vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to acknowledge my proverbial thesis spouse Meredith for having an unwavering amount of trust and belief in me through this entire journey that started five years ago. You have been by my side cheering me on to the finish line, even when I wanted to give up badly. Your response was always “you can do this.” I thank you for all you have done for and with me, as I know that I would not have been able to see that light at the end of the tunnel without your guiding light. Secondly, I would like to thank my partner in crime, my spouse Patrick, for giving me the opportunity to challenge myself in ways that I did not know possible. Thank you for having my back in this endeavor and taking on the responsibility of caring for three extremely active children. I give gratitude to you for making the financial aspect of this journey a non-issue and your encouraging words of hope. To my three children Adanna, Obioma, and Chukwuma for always letting me know that everything was going to be alright. I thank them for staying up late with me “helping” me write when I thought I had said all that needed to be said. I would also like to thank my sister Cassandra for always knowing what to say and sometimes not say. I thank you for taking on many responsibilities that only a sister could, thank you. I thank you for challenging me to think outside the box when it came to giving meaning to my thoughts and words. I love you for the independent woman you have become and I admire your sense of self. vii Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for raising a very independent person, who understands the emotional cost that sometimes comes along with being a unique individual. Thank you for teaching me that the human voice is the best asset one can have. Thank you. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Dedication .......................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments............................................................................................................. vii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... xii Chapter 1. THE ISSUE ....................................................................................................................1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................1 Background of the Problem .....................................................................................5 Statement of the Research Problem .........................................................................6 Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................7 Theoretical Framework ............................................................................................7 Definition of Terms..................................................................................................9 Assumptions ...........................................................................................................12 Justification ............................................................................................................13 Limitations .............................................................................................................13 2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .............................................................................15 History of Gays/Homosexuals in the Military .......................................................15 The “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell, Don’t Pursue” Policy ...............................................20 Anti-Homosexual Violence ...................................................................................25 Military Service Members Affected by the DADT Policy ....................................26 ix Mental Health Care and the DADT .......................................................................28 Identity in Response to DADT ..............................................................................29 Concealed Identity .................................................................................................29 Summary ................................................................................................................33 3. METHODS ..................................................................................................................35 Study Timing .........................................................................................................35 Study Design ..........................................................................................................35 Sampling Procedures .............................................................................................36 Population ..............................................................................................................37 Instrument ..............................................................................................................38 Data Analysis .........................................................................................................39 Protection of Human Subjects ...............................................................................40 4. RESULTS ....................................................................................................................42 Findings..................................................................................................................58 5. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................63 Summary ................................................................................................................63 Implications for Social Work .................................................................................64 Limitations .............................................................................................................65 Conclusion .............................................................................................................65 Recommendations ..................................................................................................66 Appendix A. Approval Letter for Sacramento Gay and Lesbian Center ...........................68 x Appendix B. Flyer for Participant Recruitment .................................................................69 Appendix C. Surveys .........................................................................................................70 Appendix D. Consent Forms..............................................................................................88
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