Diet and Nutrition We’Re the MS Society and We’Re Here for You
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Diet and nutrition We’re the MS Society and we’re here for you. Funding world-leading research, sharing information, making voices heard and campaigning for everyone’s rights. Together we are a community. And together we will stop MS. We rely on the generosity of people like you to fund our vital work. If you would like to make a donation, you can do so by: • Calling us on: 0300 500 8084. Lines are open Monday to Friday • Visiting us at: mssociety.org.uk/donate • Posting your donation to: MS Society, National Centre, 372 Edgware Road, London NW2 6ND. Please make cheques payable to the ‘MS Society.’ 2 Diet and nutrition Contents A word from Yasmin, who has MS 4 Five things to know 5 About this booklet 7 Is there an MS diet? 8 Vitamin D 13 Calcium 16 Essential fatty acids 18 Vitamin B12 20 Antioxidants 22 Special diets 24 Can my diet help with my MS symptoms? 35 If MS symptoms affect your eating and drinking 39 Preparing meals 41 Managing your weight 46 Useful organisations 49 New words explained 51 Further information 54 A word from Yasmin, who has MS Being diagnosed with an and drinking a lot of fluids helps unpredictable and incurable me feel better. I feel it also helps condition like MS can leave you fight off any infections. feeling powerless. It certainly did with me. The impact that the food you eat makes on your ‘brain health’ When I heard diet could help with is undeniable and not only for MS symptoms I assumed that people with MS but for anyone. this would be a ‘special’, unusual But for people with MS, eating and probably expensive diet. But well is another way to take control the reality was just to eat good of your condition. Chronic illness nutritious food and include lots takes so much away from a of vegetables. With this in mind, person’s life, but being able to eat we get a weekly veg box delivered and share good food with friends to make sure we have a supply and family gives back some of of fresh produce to cook with. what has been lost. I recently completed an Open University degree and believe that eating healthy food helps when trying to study. This booklet has some helpful information on how to manage your MS symptoms by making changes to your diet. I try to eat smaller meals more often to help me feel less tired and I always make sure I drink enough liquids. I often feel I’m easily dehydrated, 4 Diet and nutrition Five things to know Aim for a balanced diet so you get enough of the main nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins 1 and minerals. There isn’t an ‘MS diet’ that’s been proven to help treat multiple sclerosis. And some special diets, like The Swank, 2 McDougall, Paleo or Best Bet, cut out certain foods, so if you try them, be careful not to miss out on vital nutrients. A balanced diet and healthy weight, could help you 3 manage your MS. Make a plan for your diet that helps your own personal needs - to help with fatigue, the bladder or bowel, 4 swallowing difficulties or keeping a healthy weight. If you need help with meals - with planning, shopping, preparing or clearing up - ask your GP or MS nurse for 5 an occupational therapist assessment and a referral to a dietitian. They can help make sure you can get a good diet, and help you eat healthily within your budget. Diet and nutrition 5 About this booklet Eating is more than just There’s information too on other something we need to organisations that can help with do. It’s something to be issues around food and eating. See ‘Useful organisations’ on enjoyed – it can be a fun page 49. social activity, a cultural experience and something And if you’re keen to stay as fit to make you feel good. And and healthy as possible, our a healthy diet that suits website’s got lots of information how you live can make a about exercise and support for staying active, including videos difference to how you feel. you can use at home: In this booklet we describe the mssociety.org.uk kind of healthy diet that most people should aim for – one that Call the MS Helpline to see how has a balance of different kinds of our Physical Activity support foods. service can encourage your efforts with activity, diet and stopping We’ll also talk about some of the smoking: 0808 800 8000 claims made for special diets for MS. We look at the evidence, to One last thing. Where you see help you make up your own mind a word in bold in this booklet, it about what you choose to eat. means you can turn to the back and find it explained in more Because MS symptoms can detail. sometimes affect what you eat and how you prepare meals, we’ve got tips on planning, preparing, and clearing away. Diet and nutrition 7 Is there an MS diet? For most people with MS, the We look at some of the more best diet is a healthy, varied popular diets that are suggested one. And lots of people with for MS in ‘Special diets’ on page 24. MS say that when they eat What should I eat if I’ve well, they feel better. got MS? Aim for a healthy, balanced diet. Some people with MS say that That’s one that gives you the right following a specific diet has made amounts of different kinds of a difference to how they feel. For nutrients: example, they might feel the diet has reduced how many relapses • Proteins for growth and they get, or that it’s improved their tissue repair overall quality of life. But other people don’t feel this way. • Carbohydrates for energy • Fats for energy, to help your Researching diet is very difficult, body absorb certain vitamins, and at the moment there’s not and for essential fatty acids much scientific evidence that any • Fibre for healthy digestion and special diets affect the way MS regular bowel movement develops. But a healthy balanced • Vitamins and minerals diet can help guard against other essential nutrients needed for issues, like heart disease and your body to work properly, strokes. including tissue repair, bone If you feel better eating a certain strength and for absorbing way, it could be a change that works other nutrients for you. The important thing is to make sure you’re not missing out on the healthy nutrition you need. 8 Diet and nutrition • Fluids so the body can work at habits, and keep your bones, its best. Water carries nutrients muscles, teeth and gums healthy. around the body and is used in the chemical processes that The same balanced diet, with happen in our cells exercise, can help cut your risk of getting heart disease, stroke, osteoporosis and certain cancers. The NHS uses the Eatwell Guide to show the different portions they And it can help keep your skin recommend for a balanced diet. in good condition, to protect You can find it at nhs.uk as well as it against getting sore and on national government websites. damaged. This could be important if you spend a long time sitting or Our diet is made up of lots of lying down. different nutrients, not one thing or another on its own. So we have Who can help with diet and to think about diet as a whole. nutrition? But some MS research has GPs, dietitians and occupational looked at particular nutrients and therapists can all help with diet and on pages 13 to 23 we look at nutrition. They can help with what vitamin D, calcium, essential fatty you eat and how you prepare it. For acids (including omega-3), vitamin example: B12, and antioxidants. • Your GP can tell you more about healthy eating, and How can a balanced diet most surgeries will have help? information leaflets you can A balanced diet combined with take home. You can ask them exercise can help you stay in the for a referral to a dietitian. best health possible. For example, • A dietitian can help if you have it can help you keep a healthy any particular nutritional or weight and feel less tired. It can energy needs – for example, if also help you have regular toilet you have a constant tremor, or Diet and nutrition 9 you’re underweight, or if you Should I take vitamin or have symptoms or another mineral supplements? health condition which might If you’re eating a balanced diet affect your diet. A dietitian can then you should be getting also help you plan your meals enough of most vitamins and so that you’re getting all the minerals through your food. nutrients you need. Research suggests this is the best • An occupational therapist can way to get the nutrients you need, help you find easier ways to rather than through supplements. prepare food, perhaps to save energy or to manage a tremor. But there could be reasons you might need to take supplements. For more information about For example, everyone should getting a healthy diet and how consider regular vitamin D to find a dietitian, visit the NHS supplements (see page 14). website for your nation. Some neurologists test their patients with MS to check their vitamin D levels. If these are low, “All we can do is they can prescribe supplements.