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Senegal River Basin Health Master Plan Study

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Senegal River Basin Health Master Plan Study SENEGAL RIVER BASIN HEALTH MAETER PLAN STUDY WASH Field Report No. 453 December 1994 SANITATION fbr --- ~.rea+r.rr~fi PROJECT -- Sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development Operated by CDM and Associates WASH Field Report No. 453 Senegal River Basin Health Master Plan Study Prepared for the USAlD Mission to Senegal U. S. Agency for International Development under WASH Task No. 5 12 Mbarack Diop William R. Jobin with Nicolas G. Adrien Fereydoun Arfaa Judith Auk1 Sax& Bertoli-Minor Ralph W~~PP Jan Rozendaal December 1994 Water and Slnimtion for Hdth Project C-t No. DPJi-5973-Z4WO81-00, Project No. 936-5973 is sponsod by Me Bumu for Glow Programs, Field Suppoh and Resurch Offh of Hdth rad Nuaitibn U.S. Agency for IntennW Development Wdingmn, DC 20523 Senegal River Basin Health Master Plan Shady ERRATA P. xix, paragraph 6, line 1 : "The Senegal River rises in Guinea.." P. 21, paragraph 4, lines 4-5: "Giventhe decrease in midalls in the Lawer€.,c~..." P. 35, Current Findings/Epiderniological Survey, paragraph 2, line 1: "Inthe Delta, three schools on the Mauritanian bank of the river (Finuresand 14)..." - P. 57, Figure 20: Green line = St. Louis, red line = Dagana P. 68, fourth full paragraph, line 3: "...toallow fanners to harvest a normal crop and Figure 25)." !~ENEGALRIVHIBASMHEALTHMASLPZPLANST~Y CONTENTS ... Acknowledgements ............................................... xu1 Acronyms ...................................................... xv Preface ........................................................ xix ExecutiveSummary ............................................... xxv Findings .................................................... xxv Recommen&tiom ............................................... xxx VOLUME1: FINDINGS ............................................ 1 Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................ 3 Chapter 2: History of Natural Conditions and Water Resource Development ........... 13 Geographicalsettings ............................................ 13 Major Landscapes ............................................ 13 Hydrological Network ......................................... 13 Water Resources by Sub-Basins ...................................... 14 Guinea ................................................. 14 Upper Senegal River ........................... ............. 14 LakeManantali ............................. ............. 14 Bafing River ............................. ........... 16 Bakoye River .............................. ............. 16 Middle Senegal River ........................... ............. 16 FalemeRiver ............................................. 16 GorgolRiver ............................................. 16 Delta ..................................................... 16 LakeDiama .............................................. 17 LakeGuiers .............................................. 17 LakeRkiz ............................................... 19 LakeAl'toutesSahel ........................................ 19 Tidalportion ............................................. 19 ~~ ............................................. i-9 Chapter 3: The Swio-Economic Factors and Conditions. Including Geography. Ethnic Groups. and Demography ............................... 21 Chapter 4: OMVS Achievements ....................................... 23 Inauction ................................................... 23 Major Decisions and Accomplishments ................................. 24 Basin-Wide Improvements ....................................... 24 BeforeIndependence ........................................ 24 Creation of the OMVS ....................................... 24 Development of Water Resources .................................. 24 The Delta Scheme .......................................... 24 ManantaliDam ............................................ 25 National Irrigation Strategies ..................................... 25 Management by National Agencies ............................... 26 AftertheDam ............................................ 26 TheEnergyProject ........................................... 28 The Navigation Project ......................................... 28 AdditionalProjects ............................................ 28 Groundwater Project ........................................ 29 Flow Forecas- Project ..................................... 29 Mapping of Potential Resources ................................. 29 Resource Management and the Environment .............................. 29 Environmental Studies ......................................... 29 Population Resettlement Study at Manantali ......................... 30 Monitoring Productivity in the Senegal River Basin .................... 30 Environmental Assessment of Manantali Exrgy Project ................. 30 The Environmental Planning Component of OMVS ....................... 31 Resource Master Plans ......................................... 31 The Left Bank Master Plan .................................... 31 The Upper Valley Master Plan .................................. 32 Cowlusions ................................................... 32 Chapter 5: Schistosomiasis. or Bilharzia .................................. 33 Introduction and Background ........................................ 33 CurrentFindings ................................................ 35 Epidemiological Survey ........................................ 35 MalacologicalSurvey .......................................... 43 Conclusions ................................................ 44 References by Country ............................................ 48 Mali ..................................................... 45 Mauritania ................................................. 49 Senegal ................................................... 49 I t-6 191014~16..... ................................................ s Introduction ................................................... 51 Methodology .................................................. 51 Results ...................................................... 52 Prevalence of Malaria ............................................ 53 GeneralCooclusions ............................................. 54 References .................................................... 55 Chapter 7: Agriculture. Household Food Availability. and Nutritional Status ........... 59 Scope of Analysis and Methodology for Data Collection ...................... 59 The Production System ........................................... 61 Fishing .................................................... 62 Livestock Production .......................................... 64 AgricultureandtheOMVS ...................................... 67 Agriculture in Senegal and Mauritania ............................... 74 Agriculture in Resettled Villages in Mali ............................. 75 WomenandRiceProduction ..................................... 76 Household Food Availability ........................................ 76 SenegalandMaUrih ......................................... 77 Resettled Villages in Mali ....................................... 78 Nutritionalstatus ............................................... 78 SemgalandMauritania ......................................... 78 Resettled Villages in Mali ....................................... 80 Conclusions ................................................... 80 References .................................................... 81 Chapter 8: Guinea Worm Disease. Onchocerciasis. and Rift Valley Fever ............. 83 Guinea Worm Disease ............................................ 83 Introduction ................................................ 83 Observations ................................................ 85 Discussion ................................................ 85 Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) ..................................... 86 Introduction ................................................ 86 The Onchocerciasis Control Program ................................ 86 Observations ................................................ 87 Rift Valley Fever ............................................... 87 Introduction ................................................ 87 Methodology ............................................... 89 Results and Discussion ......................................... 89 References .................................................... 92 Chapter 9: Diarrheal Diseases. Water Supply. and Sanitation ..................... 93 Diarrheal Lisease Epidemiology ...................................... 93 Infrastructure in the Senegal River Basin ................................ % Sanitary Behavior ................................................ 99 T.&.,.*..+..- ~rm-mcaa-mrrmmr +ba r ..... A -. -e n-t.-- ............................... m1M Chapter 10: Primary Health Care Systems ................................. 101 Public Health Systems ............................................ 101 Primary Health Care Decentralhtion ................................. 102 iii WW.................................................... 102 Primary HealthCareShructure .................................... 102 HygieneandSanioltion.......................................... 104 Administration .............................................. 104 Senegal ...................................................... 105 PnmaryHealthCareStructure .................................... 105 HealthDistricts .............................................. 106 Healthcornmi- ...........................................
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