40 CFR 600 Fuel Economy and Greenhouse

SUBCHAPTER Q—ENERGY POLICY

PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND sions, and carbon-related exhaust emissions for a model type. GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST 600.209–12 Calculation of vehicle-specific 5- EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHI- cycle fuel economy and CO2 emission val- CLES ues for a model type. 600.210–12 Calculation of fuel economy and Subpart A—General Provisions CO2 emission values for labeling. Sec. Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling 600.001 General applicability. 600.002 Definitions. 600.301 Labeling requirements. 600.003 Abbreviations. 600.302–12 Fuel economy label—general pro- 600.005 Maintenance of records and rights of visions. entry. 600.303–12 Fuel economy label—special re- 600.006 Data and information requirements quirements for flexible-fuel vehicles. for fuel economy data vehicles. 600.304–12 Fuel economy label—special re- 600.007 Vehicle acceptability. quirements for hydrogen fuel cell vehi- 600.008 Review of fuel economy, CO2 emis- cles. sions, and carbon-related exhaust emis- 600.306–12 Fuel economy label—special re- sion data, testing by the Administrator. quirements for compressed natural gas 600.009 Hearing on acceptance of test data. vehicles. 600.010 Vehicle test requirements and min- 600.308–12 Fuel economy label format re- imum data requirements. quirements—plug-in hybrid electric vehi- 600.011 Incorporation by reference. cles. 600.310–12 Fuel economy label format re- Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Carbon- quirements—electric vehicles. Related Exhaust Emission Test Procedures 600.311–12 Determination of values for fuel economy labels. 600.106–08 Equipment requirements. 600.312–08 Labeling, reporting, and record- 600.107–08 Fuel specifications. keeping; Administrator reviews. 600.108–08 Analytical gases. 600.313–08 Timetable for data and informa- 600.109–08 EPA driving cycles. tion submittal and review. 600.110–08 Equipment calibration. 600.314–08 Updating label values, annual fuel 600.111–08 Test procedures. cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel 600.112–08 Exhaust sample analysis. economy for comparable automobiles. 600.113–12 Fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emission calcula- 600.315–08 Classes of comparable auto- tions for FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and mobiles. cold temperature FTP tests. 600.316–08 Multistage manufacture. 600.114–12 Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emission Subpart E—Dealer Availability of Fuel calculations. Economy Information 600.115–11 Criteria for determining the fuel economy label calculation method. 600.405–08 Dealer requirements. 600.116–12 Special procedures related to 600.407–08 Booklets displayed by dealers. electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Subpart F—Procedures for Determining 600.117 Interim provisions. Manufacturer’s Average Fuel Economy and Manufacturer’s Average Carbon- Subpart C—Procedures for Calculating Related Exhaust Emissions Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Values 600.502 Definitions. 600.507–12 Running change data require- 600.206–12 Calculation and use of FTP-based ments. and HFET-based fuel economy, CO2 emis- 600.509–12 Voluntary submission of addi- sions, and carbon-related exhaust emis- tional data. sion values for vehicle configurations. 600.510–12 Calculation of average fuel econ- 600.207–12 Calculation and use of vehicle- omy and average carbon-related exhaust specific 5-cycle-based fuel economy and emissions. CO2 emission values for vehicle configu- 600.511–08 Determination of domestic pro- rations. duction. 600.208–12 Calculation of FTP-based and 600.512–12 Model year report. HFET-based fuel economy, CO2 emis- 600.513–08 Gas Guzzler Tax. 867

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600.514–12 Reports to the Environmental fleet average CO2 standards in § 86.1818 Protection Agency. of this chapter. APPENDIX I TO PART 600—HIGHWAY FUEL (d) The model year of initial applica- ECONOMY DRIVING SCHEDULE bility for sections in this part is indi- APPENDIX II TO PART 600—SAMPLE FUEL cated by the section number. The two VALUE CALCULATIONS APPENDIX III TO PART 600—SAMPLE FUEL digits following the hyphen designate ECONOMY LABEL CALCULATION the first model year for which a section APPENDIXES IV–V TO PART 600 [RESERVED] is applicable. An individual section APPENDIX VI TO PART 600—SAMPLE FUEL continues to apply for later model ECONOMY LABELS AND STYLE GUIDELINES years until it is replaced by a different FOR 2013 AND LATER MODEL YEARS section that applies starting in a later APPENDIX VII TO PART 600 [RESERVED] model year. Sections that have no two- AUTHORITY: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. digit suffix apply for all 2008 and later 109–58. model year vehicles, except as noted in SOURCE: 41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, unless those sections. If a section has a two- otherwise noted. digit suffix but the regulation references that section without including Subpart A—General Provisions the two-digit suffix, this refers to the section applicable for the appropriate § 600.001 General applicability. model year. This also applies for ref- (a) The provisions of this part apply erences to part 86 of this chapter. As an to 2008 and later model year auto- example, § 600.113–08 applies to the 2008 mobiles that are not medium duty pas- and subsequent model years until senger vehicles, and to 2011 and later § 600.113–12 is applicable beginning with model year automobiles including me- the 2012 model year. Section 600.111–08 dium-duty passenger vehicles. would then apply only for 2008 through (b) The provisions of subparts A, D, 2011 model year vehicles. and F of this part are optional through (e) You. The term ‘‘you’’ in this part the 2011 model year in the following refers to manufacturers subject to the cases: requirements of this part. (1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the [76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014] requirements of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in § 600.002 Definitions. those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles. The following definitions apply (2) Manufacturers with worldwide throughout this part: production (excluding electric vehicle 3-bag FTP means the Federal Test production) of less than 10,000 gasoline- Procedure specified in part 86 of this fueled and/or diesel powered passenger chapter, with three sampling portions automobiles and light trucks may op- consisting of the cold-start transient tionally comply with the electric vehi- (‘‘Bag 1’’), stabilized (‘‘Bag 2’’), and cle requirements in this subpart. hot-start transient phases (‘‘Bag 3’’). (c) Unless stated otherwise, ref- 4-bag FTP means the 3-bag FTP, with erences to fuel economy or fuel econ- the addition of a sampling portion for omy data in this part shall also be in- the hot-start stabilized phase (‘‘Bag terpreted to mean the related exhaust 4’’). emissions of CO2, HC, and CO, and 5-cycle means the FTP, HFET, US06, where applicable for alternative fuel SC03 and cold temperature FTP tests vehicles, CH3OH, C2H5OH, C2H4O, as described in subparts B and C of this HCHO, NMHC and CH4. References to part. average fuel economy shall be inter- Administrator means the Adminis- preted to also mean average carbon-re- trator of the Environmental Protection lated exhaust emissions and average Agency or his authorized representa- CO2 emissions. References to fuel econ- tive. omy data vehicles shall also be meant Alcohol means a mixture containing to refer to vehicles tested for carbon- 85 percent or more by volume meth- related exhaust emissions for the pur- anol, denatured ethanol, or other alco- pose of demonstrating compliance with hols, in any combination.

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Alcohol-fueled automobile means an equivalent) turns for each turn of the automobile designed to operate on al- drive wheels. cohol, but not on gasoline. Base level means a unique combina- Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an tion of basic engine, inertia weight automobile: class and transmission class. (1) Which is designed to operate on Base tire means the tire size specified alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel; as standard equipment by the manufac- and turer on each unique combination of a (2) Which provides equal or greater vehicle’s footprint and model type. energy efficiency as calculated in ac- Standard equipment is defined in 40 cordance with § 600.510–08(g)(1) or CFR 86.1803–01. § 600.510–12(g)(1) while operating on al- Base vehicle means the lowest priced cohol as it does while operating on gas- version of each body style that makes oline or diesel fuel; and up a car line. (3) Which, in the case of passenger Basic engine means a unique combina- automobiles, meets or exceeds the min- tion of manufacturer, engine displace- imum driving range established by the ment, number of cylinders, fuel system Department of Transportation in 49 (e.g., type of fuel injection), catalyst CFR part 538. usage, and other engine and emission Alternative fuel means any of the fol- control system characteristics speci- lowing: fied by the Administrator. For electric (1) Methanol. vehicles, basic engine means a unique (2) Denatured ethanol. combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor controller, (3) Other alcohols. battery configuration, electrical charg- (4) A mixture containing at least 85 ing system, energy storage device, and percent (or an alternative percentage other components as specified by the as specified by the Secretary of Trans- Administrator. portation under 49 U.S.C. 32901(b)) of Battery configuration means the elec- methanol, denatured ethanol, and trochemical type, voltage, capacity (in other alcohols by volume with gasoline Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and phys- or other fuels. ical characteristics of the battery used (5) Natural gas. as the tractive energy device. (6) Liquefied petroleum gas. Body style means a level of com- (7) Hydrogen. monality in vehicle construction as de- (8) Coal derived liquid fuels. fined by number of doors and roof (9) Fuels (except alcohol) derived treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, from biological materials. fastback, hatchback) and number of (10) Electricity (including electricity seats (i.e., front, second, or third seat) from solar energy). requiring seat belts pursuant to Na- (11) Any other fuel the Secretary of tional Highway Traffic Safety Admin- Transportation prescribes by regula- istration safety regulations in 49 CFR tion under 49 U.S.C. 32901(a)(1)(K). part 571. Station wagons and light Automobile has the meaning given by trucks are identified as car lines. the Department of Transportation at 49 Calibration means the set of specifica- CFR 523.3. This includes ‘‘passenger tions, including tolerances, unique to a automobiles’’ and ‘‘non-passenger auto- particular design, version of applica- mobiles’’ (or ‘‘light trucks’’). tion of a component, or component as- Auxiliary emission control device sembly capable of functionally describ- (AECD) means an element of design as ing its operation over its working defined in § 86.1803 of this chapter. range. Average fuel economy means the Carbon-related exhaust emissions unique fuel economy value as com- (CREE) means the summation of the puted under § 600.510 for a specific class carbon-containing constituents of the of automobiles produced by a manufac- exhaust emissions, with each con- turer that is subject to average fuel stituent adjusted by a coefficient rep- economy standards. resenting the carbon weight fraction of Axle ratio means the number of times each constituent relative to the CO2 the input shaft to the differential (or carbon weight fraction, as specified in

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§ 600.113. For example, carbon-related gaged in the sale or distribution of new exhaust emissions (weighted 55 percent automobiles to the ultimate purchaser. city and 45 percent highway) are used Derived 5-cycle fuel economy means to demonstrate compliance with fleet the 5-cycle fuel economy derived from average CO2 emission standards out- the FTP-based city and HFET-based lined in § 86.1818 of this chapter. highway fuel economy by means of the Car line means a name denoting a equation provided in § 600.210. group of vehicles within a make or car Derived 5-cycle CO2 means the 5-cycle division which has a degree of com- CO2 derived from the FTP-based city monality in construction (e.g., body, and HFET-based highway fuel economy chassis). Car line does not consider any by means of the equation provided in level of decor or opulence and is not § 600.210. generally distinguished by characteris- Diesel gallon equivalent means an tics as roof line, number of doors, amount of electricity or fuel with the seats, or windows, except for station energy equivalence of one gallon of die- wagons or light-duty trucks. Station sel fuel. For purposes of this part, one wagons and light-duty trucks are con- gallon of diesel fuel is equivalent to sidered to be different car lines than 36.7 kilowatt-hours of electricity. passenger cars. Drive system is determined by the Certification vehicle means a vehicle number and location of drive axles which is selected under § 86.1828 of this (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel chapter and used to determine compli- drive, four wheel drive) and any other ance under § 86.1848 of this chapter for feature of the drive system if the Ad- issuance of an original certificate of ministrator determines that such other conformity. features may result in a fuel economy City fuel economy means the city fuel difference. economy determined by operating a ve- Dual fueled automobile means an auto- hicle (or vehicles) over the driving mobile: schedule in the Federal emission test (1) Which is designed to operate on an procedure, or determined according to alternative fuel and on gasoline or die- the vehicle-specific 5-cycle or derived sel fuel; and 5-cycle procedures. (2) Which provides equal or greater Cold temperature FTP means the test energy efficiency as calculated in ac- performed under the provisions of sub- cordance with § 600.510–08(g)(1) or part C of part 86 of this chapter. § 600.510–12(g)(1) while operating on the Combined fuel economy means: alternative fuel as it does while oper- (1) The fuel economy value deter- ating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and mined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by (3) Which, in the case of passenger harmonically averaging the city and automobiles, meets or exceeds the min- highway fuel economy values, weighted imum driving range established by the 0.55 and 0.45, respectively. Department of Transportation in 49 (2) For electric vehicles, for the pur- CFR part 538. pose of calculating average fuel econ- Electrical charging system means a de- omy pursuant to the provisions of part vice to convert 60 Hz alternating elec- 600, subpart F, the term means the tric current, as commonly available in equivalent petroleum-based fuel econ- residential electric service in the omy value as determined by the cal- United States, to a proper form for re- culation procedure promulgated by the charging the energy storage device. Secretary of Energy. For the purpose Electric traction motor means an elec- of labeling pursuant to the provisions trically powered motor which provides of part 600, subpart D, the term means tractive energy to the wheels of a vehi- the fuel economy value as determined cle. by the procedures specified in § 600.116– Electric vehicle has the meaning given 12. in § 86.1803 of this chapter. Dealer means a person who resides or Emergency vehicle means a motor ve- is located in the United States, any hicle manufactured primarily for use territory of the United States, or the as an ambulance or combination ambu- District of Columbia and who is en- lance-hearse or for use by the United

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States Government or a State or local mobiles per volume of fuel consumed as government for law enforcement. calculated in this part; or Energy storage device means a re- (2) For the purpose of calculating av- chargeable means of storing tractive erage fuel economy pursuant to the energy on board a vehicle such as stor- provisions of part 600, subpart F, fuel age batteries or a flywheel. economy for electrically powered auto- Engine code means a unique combina- mobiles means the equivalent petro- tion, within an engine-system com- leum-based fuel economy as deter- bination (as defined in § 86.1803 of this mined by the Secretary of Energy in chapter), of displacement, fuel injec- accordance with the provisions of 10 tion (or carburetion or other fuel deliv- CFR 474. For the purpose of labeling ery system), calibration, distributor pursuant to the provisions of part 600, calibration, choke calibration, auxil- subpart D, the term means the fuel iary emission control devices, and economy value as determined by the other engine and emission control sys- procedures specified in § 600.116–12. tem components specified by the Ad- Fuel economy data vehicle means a ve- ministrator. For electric vehicles, en- hicle used for the purpose of deter- gine code means a unique combination mining fuel economy which is not a of manufacturer, electric traction certification vehicle. motor, motor configuration, motor Gasoline gallon equivalent means an controller, and energy storage device. amount of electricity or fuel with the Federal emission test procedure (FTP) energy equivalence of one gallon of refers to the dynamometer driving gasoline. For purposes of this part, one schedule, dynamometer procedure, and gallon of gasoline is equivalent to sampling and analytical procedures de- 33.705 kilowatt-hours of electricity or scribed in part 86 of this chapter for 121.5 standard cubic feet of natural gas. the respective model year, which are Good engineering judgment has the used to derive city fuel economy data. meaning given in § 1068.30 of this chap- Footprint has the meaning given in ter. See § 1068.5 of this chapter for the § 86.1803 of this chapter. administrative process we use to evalu- FTP-based city fuel economy means ate good engineering judgment. the fuel economy determined in Gross vehicle weight rating means the § 600.113 of this part, on the basis of manufacturer’s gross weight rating for FTP testing. the individual vehicle. Fuel means: Hatchback means a passenger automobile where the conventional luggage (1) Gasoline and diesel fuel for compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by gasoline- or diesel-powered auto- a cargo area which is open to the pas- mobiles; or senger compartment and accessed (2) Electrical energy for electrically vertically by a rear door which encom- powered automobiles; or passes the rear window. (3) Alcohol for alcohol-powered auto- Highway fuel economy means the mobiles; or highway fuel economy determined ei- (4) Natural gas for natural gas-pow- ther by operating a vehicle (or vehi- ered automobiles; or cles) over the driving schedule in the (5) Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Federal highway fuel economy test commonly referred to as ‘‘propane,’’ for procedure, or determined according to LPG-powered automobiles; or either the vehicle-specific 5-cycle equa- (6) Hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell tion or the derived 5-cycle equation for automobiles and for automobiles highway fuel economy. equipped with hydrogen internal com- Highway fuel economy test procedure bustion engines. (HFET) refers to the dynamometer Fuel cell has the meaning given in driving schedule, dynamometer proce- § 86.1803 of this chapter. dure, and sampling and analytical pro- Fuel cell vehicle has the meaning cedures described in subpart B of this given in § 86.1803 of this chapter. part and which are used to derive high- Fuel economy means: way fuel economy data. (1) The average number of miles trav- HFET-based fuel economy means the eled by an automobile or group of auto- highway fuel economy determined in

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§ 600.113 of this part, on the basis of partments, and rear seats readily re- HFET testing. moved, folded, stowed, or pivoted to fa- Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has the cilitate cargo carrying. A minivan meaning given in § 86.1803 of this chap- typically includes one or more sliding ter. doors and a rear liftgate. Minivans Independent Commercial Importer has typically have less total interior vol- the meaning given in § 85.1502 of this ume or overall height than full sized chapter. vans and are commonly advertised and Inertia weight class means the class, marketed as ‘‘minivans.’’ which is a group of test weights, into Model type means a unique combina- which a vehicle is grouped based on its tion of car line, basic engine, and loaded vehicle weight in accordance transmission class. with the provisions of part 86 of this Model year means the manufacturer’s chapter. annual production period (as deter- Label means a sticker that contains mined by the Administrator) which in- fuel economy information and is af- cludes January 1 of such calendar year. fixed to new automobiles in accordance If a manufacturer has no annual pro- with subpart D of this part. duction period, the term ‘‘model year’’ Light truck means an automobile that means the calendar year. is not a passenger automobile, as de- Motor controller means an electronic fined by the Secretary of Transpor- or electro-mechanical device to con- tation at 49 CFR 523.5. This term is vert energy stored in an energy storage interchangeable with ‘‘non-passenger device into a form suitable to power automobile.’’ The term ‘‘light truck’’ the traction motor. includes medium-duty passenger vehi- Natural gas-fueled automobile means cles which are manufactured during an automobile designed to operate ex- 2011 and later model years. clusively on natural gas. Medium-duty passenger vehicle means Natural gas dual fuel automobile means a vehicle which would satisfy the cri- an automobile: teria for light trucks as defined by the (1) Which is designed to operate on Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR natural gas and on gasoline or diesel 523.5 but for its gross vehicle weight fuel; rating or its curb weight, which is (2) Which provides equal or greater rated at more than 8,500 lbs GVWR or energy efficiency as calculated in has a vehicle curb weight of more than § 600.510–08(g)(1) while operating on nat- 6,000 pounds or has a basic vehicle fron- ural gas as it does while operating on tal area in excess of 45 square feet, and gasoline or diesel fuel; and which is designed primarily to trans- (3) Which, in the case of passenger port passengers, but does not include a automobiles, meets or exceeds the min- vehicle that: imum driving range established by the (1) Is an ‘‘incomplete truck’’ as de- Department of Transportation in 49 fined in this subpart; or CFR part 538. (2) Has a seating capacity of more Non-passenger automobile has the than 12 persons; or meaning given by the Department of (3) Is designed for more than 9 per- Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5. This sons in seating rearward of the driver’s term is synonymous with ‘‘light seat; or truck.’’ (4) Is equipped with an open cargo Passenger automobile has the meaning area (for example, a pick-up truck box given by the Department of Transpor- or bed) of 72.0 inches in interior length tation at 49 CFR 523.4. or more. A covered box not readily ac- Pickup truck means a nonpassenger cessible from the passenger compart- automobile which has a passenger comment will be considered an open cargo partment and an open cargo bed. area for purposes of this definition. Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) Minivan means a light truck which is has the meaning given in § 86.1803 of designed primarily to carry no more this chapter. than eight passengers, having an inte- Production volume means, for a do- gral enclosure fully enclosing the driv- mestic manufacturer, the number of er, passenger, and load-carrying com- vehicle units domestically produced in

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a particular model year but not ex- drive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ported, and for a foreign manufacturer, ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive means the number of vehicle units of a unit); torque converter type, if applica- particular model imported into the ble (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable United States. ratio); and other transmission charac- QR Code means Quick Response Code, teristics that may be determined to be which is a registered trademark of significant by the Administrator. Denso Wave, Incorporated. Transmission configuration means the Round has the meaning given in Administrator may further subdivide § 1065.1001 of this chapter, unless speci- within a transmission class if the Ad- fied otherwise. ministrator determines that sufficient SC03 means the test procedure speci- fuel economy differences exist. Fea- fied in § 86.160 of this chapter. tures such as gear ratios, torque con- Secretary of Energy means the Sec- verter multiplication ratio, stall speed, retary of Energy or his authorized rep- shift calibration, or shift speed may be resentative. used to further distinguish characteris- Secretary of Transportation means the tics within a transmission class. Secretary of Transportation or his au- Ultimate consumer means the first per- thorized representative. son who purchases an automobile for Sport utility vehicle (SUV) means a purposes other than resale or who light truck with an extended roof line leases an automobile. to increase cargo or passenger capac- US06 means the test procedure as de- ity, cargo compartment open to the scribed in § 86.159 of this chapter. passenger compartment, and one or US06-City means the combined peri- more rear seats readily removed or ods of the US06 test that occur before folded to facilitate cargo carrying. and after the US06-Highway period. Station wagon means a passenger US06-Highway means the period of automobile with an extended roof line the US06 test that begins at the end of to increase cargo or passenger capac- the deceleration which is scheduled to ity, cargo compartment open to the occur at 130 seconds of the driving passenger compartment, a tailgate, and schedule and terminates at the end of one or more rear seats readily removed the deceleration which is scheduled to or folded to facilitate cargo carrying. occur at 495 seconds of the driving Subconfiguration means a unique schedule. combination within a vehicle configu- Usable fuel storage capacity means the ration of equivalent test weight, road- amount of fuel that is available to a load horsepower, and any other oper- vehicle starting from a complete re- ational characteristics or parameters fueling event until the vehicle stops (or which the Administrator determines until driveability deteriorates to the may significantly affect fuel economy point that further driving is unlikely within a vehicle configuration. or impractical). For liquid fuels, the Test weight means the weight within usable fuel storage capacity represents an inertia weight class which is used in the difference between the total fuel the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, volume after a complete refueling and which is based on its loaded vehicle event and the fuel volume that remains weight in accordance with the provi- in the fuel tank after the vehicle runs sions of part 86 of this chapter. out of fuel. For other fuels, use good Track width has the meaning given in engineering judgment to determine the § 86.1803 of this chapter. full and empty conditions consistent Transmission class means a group of with typical consumer behavior. For transmissions having the following example, for natural gas vehicles, the common features: Basic transmission full condition would be the point at type (manual, automatic, or semi-auto- which a typical operator would stop re- matic); number of forward gears used fueling based on the increasing system in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual pressures, which are determined by four-speed, three-speed automatic, two- temperature effects related to the re- speed semi-automatic); drive system fueling process; this does not nec- (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel essarily represent the maximum drive; four wheel drive), type of over- amount of fuel the tank can hold under

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equilibrium conditions. The empty § 600.005 Maintenance of records and condition would be the point at which rights of entry. fuel pressure drops enough that the en- The provisions of this section are ap- gine is unable to maintain stable air- plicable to all fuel economy data vehi- fuel ratios for acceptable continued op- cles. Certification vehicles are required eration. to meet the provisions of § 86.1844 of Van means any light truck having an this chapter. integral enclosure fully enclosing the (a) The manufacturer of any new driver compartment and load carrying motor vehicle subject to any of the compartment. The distance from the standards or procedures prescribed in leading edge of the windshield to the this part shall establish, maintain, and foremost body section of vans is typi- retain the following adequately orga- cally shorter than that of pickup nized and indexed records: trucks and SUVs. (1) General records. (i) Identification Vehicle configuration means a unique and description of all vehicles for combination of basic engine, engine which data are submitted to meet the code, inertia weight class, transmission requirements of this part. configuration, and axle ratio within a (ii) A description of all procedures used to test each vehicle. base level. (iii) A copy of the information re- Vehicle-specific 5-cycle CO2 means the quired to be submitted under § 600.006 CO2 calculated according to the proce- fulfills the requirements of paragraph dures in § 600.114. (a)(1)(i) of this section. Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy (2) Individual records. A brief history means the fuel economy calculated ac- of each vehicle for which data are sub- cording to the procedures in § 600.114. mitted to meet the requirements of We (us, our) means the Administrator this part, in the form of a separate of the Environmental Protection Agen- booklet or other document for each cy and any authorized representatives. separate vehicle, in which must be re- Wheelbase has the meaning given in corded: § 86.1803 of this chapter. (i) The steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its engine, drive [76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 train, fuel system, emission control FR 63178, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014] system components, exhaust after treatment device, vehicle weight, or § 600.003 Abbreviations. any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of pro- The abbreviations and acronyms used duction vehicles. In the case of electric in this part have the same meaning as vehicles, the manufacturer should de- those in part 86 of this chapter, with scribe the steps taken to ensure that the addition of the following: the vehicle with respect to its electric (a) ‘‘MPG’’ or ‘‘mpg’’ means miles per traction motor, motor controller, bat- gallon. This may be used to generally tery configuration, or any other device describe fuel economy as a quantity, or or component, as applicable, will be it may be used as the units associated representative of production vehicles. with a particular value. (ii) A complete record of all emission (b) MPGe means miles per gallon tests performed under part 86 of this equivalent. This is generally used to chapter, all fuel economy tests per- quantify a fuel economy value for vehi- formed under this part 600 (except tests cles that use a fuel other than gasoline. actually performed by EPA personnel), The value represents miles the vehicle and all electric vehicle tests performed can drive with the energy equivalent of according to procedures promulgated one gallon of gasoline. by DOE, including all individual work- (c) SCF means standard cubic feet. sheets and other documentation relat- (d) SUV means sport utility vehicle. ing to each such test or exact copies (e) CREE means carbon-related ex- thereof; the date, time, purpose, and location of each test; the number of haust emissions. miles accumulated on the vehicle when [76 FR 39527, July 6, 2011] the tests began and ended; and the

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names of supervisory personnel respon- (ii) Any facility where any new sible for the conduct of the tests. motor vehicle which is being, was, or is (iii) A description of mileage accu- to be tested is present. mulated since selection of buildup of (iii) Any facility where any construc- such vehicles including the date and tion process used in the modification time of each mileage accumulation or buildup of a vehicle into a fuel econ- listing both the mileage accumulated omy data vehicle is taking place or has and the name of each driver, or each taken place. operator of the automatic mileage ac- (iv) Any facility where any record or cumulation device, if applicable. Addi- other document relating to any of the tionally, a description of mileage accu- above is located. mulated prior to selection or buildup of (2) Upon admission to any facility re- such vehicle must be maintained in ferred to in paragraph (b)(1) of this sec- such detail as is available. tion, the manufacturer shall allow any (iv) If used, the record of any devices EPA Enforcement Officer: employed to record the speed or mile- (i) To inspect and monitor any part age, or both, of the test vehicle in rela- or aspect of procedures, activities, and tionship to time. testing facilities, including, but not (v) A record and description of all limited to, monitoring vehicle pre- maintenance and other servicing per- conditioning; emission and fuel econ- formed, within 2,000 miles prior to fuel omy tests and mileage accumulation; economy testing under this part, giv- maintenance; vehicle soak and storage ing the date and time of the maintenance or service, the reason for it, the procedures; and to verify correlation of person authorizing it, and the names of calibration of test equipment; supervisory personnel responsible for (ii) To inspect and make copies of the conduct of the maintenance or any required records, designs, or other service. A copy of the maintenance in- documents; and formation to be submitted under (iii) To inspect and photograph any § 600.006 fulfills the requirements of this part or aspect of any fuel economy ve- paragraph (a)(2)(v). hicle and any components to be used in (vi) A brief description of any signifi- the construction thereof. cant events affecting the vehicle dur- (3) Any EPA Enforcement Officer will ing any of the period covered by the be furnished, by those in charge of fa- history not described in an entry under cility being inspected, with such rea- one of the previous headings including sonable assistance as may be required such extraordinary events as vehicle to help discharge any function listed in accidents or driver speeding citations this paragraph (b). Each manufacturer or warnings. is required to have those in charge of (3) Keeping records. The manufacturer the facility furnish such reasonable as- shall retain all records required under sistance without charge to EPA wheth- this part for five years after the end of er or not the manufacturer controls the model year to which they relate. the facility. Records may be retained as hard copy (4) The duty to admit any EPA En- or some alternative storage medium, forcement Officer shall be applicable provided that in every case all the in- whether or not the manufacturer owns formation contained in hard copy shall or controls the facility in question and be retained. is applicable to both domestic and for- (b)(1) Any manufacturer who has sup- eign manufacturers and facilities. An plied fuel economy data to meet the re- EPA Enforcement Officer will not at- quirements of this part shall admit any tempt to make any inspections which EPA Enforcement Officer during oper- the officer has been informed are in ating hours upon presentation of cre- contravention of any law. However, if dentials at any of the following: local law makes it impossible for the (i) Any facility where any fuel econ- EPA Enforcement Officer to verify or omy tests from which data are sub- to ensure the accuracy of data gen- mitted or any procedures or activities erated at a facility such that no in- connected with these tests are performed judgment can properly be made formed. as to the accuracy or reliability of data

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generated by or obtained for the facil- (b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit ity, then a vehicle or data from that the following information for each fuel vehicle shall not be accepted for use in economy data vehicle: subpart C or F of this part (unless the (i) A description of the vehicle, ex- Administrator is otherwise convinced haust emission test results, applicable of the accuracy and reliability of such deterioration factors, adjusted exhaust data). emission levels, and test fuel property (5) For purposes of this paragraph (b): values as specified in § 600.113–08. (i) ‘‘Presentation of credentials’’ (ii) A statement of the origin of the means display of the document desig- vehicle including total mileage accu- nating a person as an EPA Enforce- mulation, and modification (if any) form the vehicle configuration in ment Officer. which the mileage was accumulated. (ii) Where vehicle, component, or en- (For modifications requiring advance gine storage areas or facilities are con- approval by the Administrator, the cerned, ‘‘operating hours’’ shall mean name of the Administrator’s represent- all times during which personnel other ative approving the modification and than custodial personnel are at work in date of approval are required.) If the the vicinity of the area or facility and vehicle was previously used for testing have access to it. for compliance with part 86 of this (iii) For facilities or areas other than chapter or previously accepted by the those covered by paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of Administrator as a fuel economy data this section, the term, ‘‘operating vehicle in a different configuration, the hours’’ will mean all times during requirements of this paragraph may be which an assembly line is in operation satisfied by reference to the vehicle or all times during which testing, number and previous configuration. maintenance, mileage accumulation, (iii) A statement that the fuel econ- production or compilation of records, omy data vehicle for which data are or any other procedure or activity re- submitted: lated to fuel economy testing, or to ve- (A) Has been tested in accordance hicle manufacturer or assembly, is with applicable test procedures; being carried out in a facility. (B) Is, to the best of the manufactur- (iv) ‘‘Reasonable assistance’’ means er’s knowledge, representative of the providing timely and unobstructed ac- vehicle configuration listed; and cess to and opportunity for the copying (C) Is in compliance with applicable of any record, book, paper, or docu- exhaust emission standards. ment required to be maintained under (2) The manufacturer shall retain the this section and providing timely and following information for each fuel unobstructed access to any motor vehi- economy data vehicle, and make it cle, testing facility, or testing equip- available to the Administrator upon re- ment. quest: (v) Any entry without 24 hours prior (i) A description of all maintenance written or oral notification to the af- to engine, emission control system, or fected manufacturer shall be author- fuel system, or fuel system components ized in writing by the Assistant Admin- performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. istrator for Enforcement. (ii) In the case of electric vehicles, [45 FR 49259, July 24, 1980, as amended at 64 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and FR 23973, May 4, 1999. Redesignated and hybrid electric vehicles, a description amended at 76 FR 39524, 39527, July 6, 2011] of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configura- § 600.006 Data and information re- tion, or other components performed quirements for fuel economy data within 2,000 miles prior to fuel econ- vehicles. omy testing. (a) For certification vehicles with (iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, less than 10,000 miles, the requirements fuel system, and emission control de- of this section are considered to have vices, showing the calibration of the been met except as noted in paragraph actual components on the test vehicle (c) of this section. as well as the design tolerances.

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(iv) In the case of electric vehicles, related exhaust emissions, and CO2 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and emission test results shall be adjusted hybrid electric vehicles, a copy of cali- in accordance with paragraph (g) of brations for the electric motor, motor this section. controller, battery configuration, or (d) The manufacturer shall submit an other components on the test vehicle indication of the intended purpose of as well as the design tolerances. the data (e.g., data required by the gen- (v) If calibrations for components eral labeling program or voluntarily specified in paragraph (b)(2) (iii) or (iv) submitted for specific labeling). of this section were submitted pre- (e) In lieu of submitting actual data viously as part of the description of an- from a test vehicle, a manufacturer other vehicle or configuration, the may provide fuel economy, CO2 emis- original submittal may be referenced. sions, and carbon-related exhaust emis- (c) The manufacturer shall submit sion values derived from a previously the following fuel economy data: tested vehicle, where the fuel economy, (1) For vehicles tested to meet the re- CO2 emissions, and carbon-related ex- quirements of part 86 of this chapter haust emissions are expected to be (other than those chosen in accordance equivalent (or less fuel-efficient and with the provisions related to dura- with higher CO2 emissions and carbon- bility demonstration in § 86.1829 of this related exhaust emissions). Addition- chapter or in-use verification testing in ally, in lieu of submitting actual data § 86.1845 of this chapter), the FTP, high- from a test vehicle, a manufacturer way, US06, SC03 and cold temperature may provide fuel economy, CO2 emis- FTP fuel economy results, as applica- sions, and carbon-related exhaust emis- ble, from all tests on that vehicle, and sion values derived from an analytical the test results adjusted in accordance expression, e.g., regression analysis. In with paragraph (g) of this section. order for fuel economy, CO2 emissions, (2) For each fuel economy data vehi- and carbon-related exhaust emission cle, all individual test results (exclud- values derived from analytical methods ing results of invalid and zero mile to be accepted, the expression (form tests) and these test results adjusted in and coefficients) must have been ap- accordance with paragraph (g) of this proved by the Administrator. section. (f) If, in conducting tests required or (3) For diesel vehicles tested to meet authorized by this part, the manufac- the requirements of part 86 of this turer utilizes procedures, equipment, chapter, data from a cold temperature or facilities not described in the Appli- FTP, performed in accordance with cation for Certification required in § 600.111–08(e), using the fuel specified § 86.1844–01 of this chapter, the manu- in § 600.107–08(c). facturer shall submit to the Adminis- (4) For all vehicles tested in para- trator a description of such procedures, graph (c)(1) through (3) of this section, equipment, and facilities. the individual fuel economy results (g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust measured on a per-phase basis, that is, all test data used for fuel economy the individual phase results for all label calculations in subpart D and av- sample phases of the FTP, cold tem- erage fuel economy calculations in sub- perature FTP and US06 tests. part F for the classes of automobiles (5) Starting with the 2012 model year, within the categories identified in the data submitted according to para- paragraphs of § 600.510(a)(1) through (4). graphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section The test data shall be adjusted in ac- shall include total HC, CO, CO2, and, cordance with paragraph (g)(3) or (4) of where applicable for alternative fuel this section as applicable. vehicles, CH3OH, C2H5OH, C2H4O, (2) [Reserved] HCHO, NMHC and CH . Manufacturers 4 (3)(i) The manufacturer shall adjust incorporating N O and CH emissions in 2 4 all fuel economy test data generated by their fleet average carbon-related ex- vehicles with engine-drive system com- haust emissions as allowed under binations with more than 6,200 miles by § 86.1818 of this chapter shall also sub- using the following equation: mit N2O and CH4 emission data where ¥6 ¥1 applicable. The fuel economy, carbon- FE4,000mi = FET[0.979 + 5.25 × 10 (mi)] 877

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Where: to have met the requirements of this

FE4,000mi = Fuel economy data adjusted to section. 4,000-mile test point rounded to the near- (b) Any vehicle not meeting the pro- est 0.1 mpg. visions of paragraph (a) of this section FET = Tested fuel economy value rounded to must be judged acceptable by the Ad- the nearest 0.1 mpg. mi = System miles accumulated at the start ministrator under this section in order of the test rounded to the nearest whole for the test results to be reviewed for mile. use in subpart C or F of this part. The Administrator will judge the accept- (ii)(A) The manufacturer shall adjust ability of a fuel economy data vehicle all carbon-related exhaust emission on the basis of the information sup- (CREE) and all CO test data generated 2 plied by the manufacturer under by vehicles with engine-drive system § 600.006(b). The criteria to be met are: combinations with more than 6,200 (1) A fuel economy data vehicle may miles by using the following equation: have accumulated not more than 10,000 ¥6 ADJ4,000mi = TEST[0.979 + 5.25 · 10 · miles. A vehicle will be considered to (mi)] have met this requirement if the en- Where: gine and drivetrain have accumulated 10,000 or fewer miles. The Adminis- ADJ4,000mi = CREE or CO2 emission data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point. trator may specify a different max- TEST = Tested emissions value of CREE or imum value for electric vehicles, plug- CO2 in grams per mile. in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell mi = System miles accumulated at the start vehicles that allows for the necessary of the test rounded to the nearest whole operation for properly evaluating and mile. characterizing those vehicles under (B) Emissions test values and results this part. The components installed for used and determined in the calcula- a fuel economy test are not required to tions in this paragraph (g)(3)(ii) shall be the ones with which the mileage was be rounded in accordance with § 86.1837 accumulated, e.g., axles, transmission of this chapter as applicable. CO2 and types, and tire sizes may be changed. CREE values shall be rounded to the The Administrator will determine if nearest gram per mile. vehicle/engine component changes are (C) Note that the CREE test results acceptable. are determined using the unadjusted (2) A vehicle may be tested in dif- CO2 value; i.e., CO2 is not adjusted ferent vehicle configurations by change twice when determining the 4,000 mile of vehicle components, as specified in CREE value. paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or by (4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or testing in different inertia weight less accumulated, the manufacturer is classes. Also, a single vehicle may be not required to adjust the data. tested under different test conditions, (5) The Administrator may specify a i.e., test weight and/or road load horse- different adjustment calculation for power, to generate fuel economy data electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid elec- representing various situations within tric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles to a vehicle configuration. For purposes allow for properly characterizing the of this part, data generated by a single fuel economy and emissions of these vehicle tested in various test condi- vehicles. tions will be treated as if the data were [71 FR 77929, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 generated by the testing of multiple FR 25702, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and vehicles. amended at 76 FR 39524, 39528, July 6, 2011] (3) The mileage on a fuel economy data vehicle must be, to the extent pos- § 600.007 Vehicle acceptability. sible, accumulated according to (a) All certification vehicles and § 86.1831 of this chapter. other vehicles tested to meet the re- (4) Each fuel economy data vehicle quirements of part 86 of this chapter must meet the same exhaust emission (other than those chosen under the du- standards as certification vehicles of rability-demonstration provisions in the respective engine-system combina- § 86.1829 of this chapter), are considered tion during the test in which the city

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fuel economy test results are gen- (c) If, based on review of the informa- erated. This may be demonstrated tion submitted under § 600.006(b), the using one of the following methods: Administrator determines that a fuel (i) The deterioration factors estab- economy data vehicle meets the re- lished for the respective engine-system quirements of this section, the fuel combination per § 86.1841 of this chap- economy data vehicle will be judged to ter as applicable will be used; or be acceptable and fuel economy and (ii) The fuel economy data vehicle carbon-related exhaust emissions data will be equipped with aged emission from that fuel economy data vehicle control components according to the will be reviewed pursuant to § 600.008. provisions of § 86.1823 of this chapter. (d) If, based on the review of the in- (5) The calibration information sub- formation submitted under § 600.006(b), mitted under § 600.006(b) must be rep- the Administrator determines that a resentative of the vehicle configura- fuel economy data vehicle does not tion for which the fuel economy, CO2 meet the requirements of this section, emissions, and carbon-related exhaust the Administrator will reject that fuel emissions data were submitted. economy data vehicle and inform the (6) Any vehicle tested for fuel econ- manufacturer of the rejection in writ- omy, CO2 emissions, or carbon-related ing. exhaust emissions purposes must be (e) If, based on a review of the emis- representative of a vehicle which the sion data for a fuel economy data vehi- manufacturer intends to produce under cle, submitted under § 600.006(b), or the provisions of a certificate of con- emission data generated by a vehicle formity. tested under § 600.008(e), the Adminis- (7) For vehicles imported under trator finds an indication of non-com- § 85.1509 or § 85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1), pliance with section 202 of the Clean (c)(2) or (d) of this chapter (when appli- Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. of the reg- cable), only the following requirements ulation thereunder, he may take such must be met: investigative actions as are appro- (i) For vehicles imported under priate to determine to what extent § 85.1509 of this chapter, a highway fuel emission non-compliance actually ex- economy value must be generated con- ists. temporaneously with the emission tests used for purposes of dem- (1) The Administrator may, under the onstrating compliance with § 85.1509 of provisions of § 86.1830 of this chapter, this chapter. No modifications or ad- request the manufacturer to submit justments should be made to the vehi- production vehicles of the configura- cles between the highway fuel econ- tion(s) specified by the Administrator omy, FTP, US06, SC03 and Cold tem- for testing to determine to what extent perature FTP tests. emission noncompliance of a produc- (ii) For vehicles imported under tion vehicle configuration or of a group § 85.1509 or § 85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1), or of production vehicle configurations (c)(2) of this chapter (when applicable) may actually exist. with over 10,000 miles, the equation in (2) If the Administrator determines, § 600.006(g)(3) shall be used as though as a result of his investigation, that only 10,000 miles had been accumu- substantial emission non-compliance is lated. exhibited by a production vehicle con- (iii) Any required fuel economy test- figuration or group of production vehi- ing must take place after any safety cle configurations, he may proceed modifications are completed for each with respect to the vehicle configura- vehicle as required by regulations of tion(s) as provided under section 206 or the Department of Transportation. 207, as applicable, of the Clean Air Act, (iv) Every vehicle imported under 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. § 85.1509 or § 85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1), or (f) All vehicles used to generate fuel (c)(2) of this chapter (when applicable) economy and carbon-related exhaust must be considered a separate type for emissions data, and for which emission the purposes of calculating a fuel econ- standards apply, must be covered by a omy label for a manufacturer’s average certificate of conformity under part 86 fuel economy. of this chapter before:

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(1) The data may be used in the cal- confirmatory testing under the provi- culation of any approved general or sions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, specific label value, or the Administrator will follow this pro- (2) The data will be used in any cal- cedure: culations under subpart F, except that (i) The manufacturer’s fuel economy vehicles imported under §§ 85.1509 and data (or harmonically averaged data if 85.1511 of this chapter need not be cov- more than one test was conducted) will ered by a certificate of conformity. be compared with the results of the Ad- ministrator’s test. [71 FR 77930, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and (ii) If, in the Administrator’s judg- amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011] ment, the comparison in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section indicates a dis- § 600.008 Review of fuel economy, CO 2 parity in the data, the Administrator emissions, and carbon-related ex- will repeat the test or tests as applica- haust emission data, testing by the ble. Administrator. (A) The manufacturer’s average test (a) Testing by the Administrator. (1)(i) results and the results of the Adminis- The Administrator may require that trator’s first test will be compared any one or more of the test vehicles be with the results of the Administrator’s submitted to the Agency, at such place second test as in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of or places as the Agency may designate, this section. for the purposes of conducting fuel (B) If, in the Administrator’s judg- economy tests. The Administrator may ment, both comparisons in paragraph specify that such testing be conducted (a)(2)(i)(A) of this section, indicate a at the manufacturer’s facility, in disparity in the data, the Adminis- which case instrumentation and equip- trator will repeat the applicable test or ment specified by the Administrator tests until: shall be made available by the manu- (1) In the Administrator’s judgment facturer for test operations. The tests no disparity in the data is indicated by to be performed may comprise the comparison of two tests by the Admin- FTP, highway fuel economy test, US06, istrator or by comparison of the manu- SC03, or Cold temperature FTP or any facturer’s average test results and a combination of those tests. Any testing test by the Administrator; or conducted at a manufacturer’s facility (2) Four tests of a single test type are pursuant to this paragraph shall be conducted by the Administrator in scheduled by the manufacturer as which a disparity in the data is indi- promptly as possible. cated when compared as in paragraph (ii) Starting with the 2012 model year (a)(2)(ii) of this section. for carbon-related exhaust emissions (iii) If there is, in the Administra- and with the 2013 model year for CO2 tor’s judgment, no disparity indicated emissions, the evaluations, testing, and by comparison of manufacturer’s aver- test data described in this section per- age test results with a test by the Ad- taining to fuel economy shall also be ministrator, the test values generated performed for CO2 emissions and car- by the Administrator will be used to bon-related exhaust emissions, except represent the vehicle. that CO2 emissions and carbon-related (iv) If there is, in the Administrator’s exhaust emissions shall be judgment, no disparity indicated by arithmetically averaged instead of har- comparison of two tests by the Admin- monically averaged, and in cases where istrator, the harmonic averages of the the manufacturer selects the lowest of fuel economy results from those tests several fuel economy results to rep- will be used to represent the vehicle. resent the vehicle, the manufacturer (v) If the situation in paragraph shall select the CO2 emissions and car- (a)(2)(ii)(B)(2) of this section occurs, bon-related exhaust emissions value the Administrator will notify the man- from the test results associated with ufacturer, in writing, that the Admin- the lowest selected fuel economy re- istrator rejects that fuel economy data sults. vehicle. (2) Retesting and official data deter- (b) Manufacturer-conducted confirm- mination. For any vehicles selected for atory testing. (1) If the Administrator

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determines not to conduct a confirm- such lower percentage as requested by atory test under the provisions of para- the manufacturer and approved by the graph (a) of this section, manufactur- Administrator) and the fuel economy ers will conduct a confirmatory test at difference between the second confirm- their facility after submitting the atory test and the first confirmatory original test data to the Administrator test equals or exceeds three percent (or whenever any of the following condi- such lower percentage as requested by tions exist: the manufacturer and approved by the (i) The vehicle configuration has pre- Administrator). The manufacturer viously failed an emission standard; may, in lieu of conducting a second (ii) The test exhibits high emission retest, accept the lowest of the original levels determined by exceeding a per- test, the first confirmatory test, and centage of the standards specified by the second confirmatory test fuel econ- the Administrator for that model year; omy results for use in subpart C or F of (iii) The fuel economy value of the this part. FTP or HFET test is higher than ex- (4) The Administrator may request pected based on procedures approved by the manufacturer to conduct a retest the Administrator; of the US06, SC03 or Cold Temperature (iv) The fuel economy for the FTP or FTP on the basis of fuel economy that HFET test is close to a Gas Guzzler is higher than expected as specified in Tax threshold value based on toler- criteria provided by the Administrator. ances established by the Adminis- Such retests shall not be required be- trator; or fore the 2011 model year. (v) The fuel economy value for the (c) Review of fuel economy data. (1) FTP or highway is a potential fuel Fuel economy data must be judged rea- economy leader for a class of vehicles sonable and representative by the Ad- based on cut points provided by the Ad- ministrator in order for the test results ministrator. to be used for the purposes of subpart C (2) If the Administrator selects the or F of this part. In making this deter- vehicle for confirmatory testing based mination, the Administrator will, when on the manufacturer’s original test re- possible, compare the results of a test sults, the testing shall be conducted as vehicle to those of other similar test ordered by the Administrator. In this vehicles. case, the manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing specified under para- (2) If testing was conducted by the graph (b)(1) of this section would not be Administrator under the provisions of required. paragraph (a) of this section, the data (3) The manufacturer shall conduct a from this testing, together with all retest of the FTP or highway test if other fuel economy data submitted for the difference between the fuel econ- that vehicle under § 600.006(c) or (e) will omy of the confirmatory test and the be evaluated by the Administrator for original manufacturer’s test equals or reasonableness and representativeness exceeds three percent (or such lower per paragraph (c)(1) of this section. percentage to be applied consistently (i) The fuel economy data which are to all manufacturer-conducted con- determined to best meet the criteria of firmatory testing as requested by the paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be manufacturer and approved by the Ad- accepted for use in subpart C or F of ministrator). this part. (i) The manufacturer may, in lieu of (ii) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold conducting a retest, accept the lower of temperature FTP test data will be con- the original and confirmatory test fuel sidered separately. economy results for use in subpart C or (iii) If more than one test was con- F of this part. ducted, the Administrator may select (ii) The manufacturer shall conduct a an individual test result or the har- second retest of the FTP or highway monic average of selected test results test if the fuel economy difference be- to satisfy the requirements of para- tween the second confirmatory test graph (c)(2)(i) of this section. and the original manufacturer test (3) If confirmatory testing was con- equals or exceeds three percent (or ducted by the manufacturer under the

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provisions of paragraph (b) of this sec- his finding and require the manufac- tion, the data from this testing will be turer to: evaluated by the Administrator for (i) Submit the test vehicle(s) upon reasonableness and representativeness which the data are based or additional per paragraph (c)(1) of this section. test vehicle(s) at a place he may des- (i) The fuel economy data which are ignate for the purpose of fuel economy determined to best meet the criteria of testing. paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be (ii) Conduct such additional fuel accepted for use in subpart C or F of economy testing as may be required to this part. demonstrate that prior fuel economy (ii) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold test data are reasonable and represent- temperature FTP test data will be con- ative. sidered separately. (2) Previous acceptance by the Ad- (iii) If more than one test was con- ministrator of any fuel economy test ducted, the Administrator may select data submitted by the manufacturer an individual test result or the har- shall not limit the Administrator’s monic average of selected test results right to require additional testing to satisfy the requirements of para- under paragraph (e)(1) of this section. graph (c)(2)(i) of this section. (3) If, based on tests required under (4) If no confirmatory testing was paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the Ad- conducted by either the Administrator ministrator determines that any fuel or the manufacturer under the provi- economy data submitted by the manu- sions of paragraph (a) and (b) of this facturer and used to calculate the man- section, respectively, then the data ufacturer’s fuel economy average was submitted under the provisions of unrepresentative, the Administrator § 600.006(c) or (e) shall be accepted for may recalculate the manufacturer’s use in subpart C or F of this part. fuel economy average based on fuel (i) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold economy data that he/she deems rep- temperature FTP test data will be con- resentative. sidered separately. (4) A manufacturer may request a hearing as provided in § 600.009 if the (ii) If more than one test was con- Administrator decides to recalculate ducted, the harmonic average of the the manufacturer’s average pursuant test results shall be accepted for use in to determinations made relative to this subpart C or F of this part. section. (d) If, based on a review of the fuel economy data generated by testing [71 FR 77931, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 under paragraph (a) of this section, the FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and Administrator determines that an un- amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011] acceptable level of correlation exists between fuel economy data generated § 600.009 Hearing on acceptance of test data. by a manufacturer and fuel economy data generated by the Administrator, (a) The manufacturer may request a he/she may reject all fuel economy hearing on the Administrator’s deci- data submitted by the manufacturer sion if the Administrator rejects any of until the cause of the discrepancy is the following: determined and the validity of the data (1) The use of a manufacturer’s fuel is established by the manufacturer. economy data vehicle, in accordance (e)(1) If, based on the results of an in- with § 600.008(e) or (g), or spection conducted under § 600.005(b) or (2) The use of fuel economy data, in any other information, the Adminis- accordance with § 600.008(c), or (f), or trator has reason to believe that the (3) The determination of a vehicle manufacturer has not followed proper configuration, in accordance with testing procedures or that the testing § 600.206(a), or equipment is faulty or improperly cali- (4) The identification of a car line, in brated, or if records do not exist that accordance with § 600.002, or will enable him to make a finding of (5) The fuel economy label values de- proper testing, the Administrator may termined by the manufacturer under notify the manufacturer in writing of § 600.312–08(a), then:

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(b) The request for a hearing must be vehicles operating on alternate fuel filed in writing within 30 days after may optionally generate this data being notified of the Administrator’s using the alternate fuel. decision. The request must be signed (5) The manufacturer shall generate by an authorized representative of the cold temperature FTP fuel economy manufacturer and include a statement data by testing according to the appli- specifying the manufacturer’s objec- cable procedures. Alternate fueled ve- tions to the Administrator’s deter- hicles or dual fueled vehicles operating minations, with data in support of such on alternate fuel may optionally gen- objection. erate this data using the alternate fuel. (c) If, after the review of the request (6) The data generated in paragraphs and supporting data, the Administrator (a)(1) through (5) of this section, shall finds that the request raises one or be submitted to the Administrator in more substantial factual issues, the combination with other data for the Administrator shall provide the manu- vehicle required to be submitted in facturer with a hearing in accordance part 86 of this chapter. with the provisions of 40 CFR part 1068, (b) For each fuel economy data vehi- subpart G. cle: (d) A manufacturer’s use of any fuel (1) The manufacturer shall generate economy data which the manufacturer FTP and HFET fuel economy data by: challenges pursuant to this section (i) Testing according to applicable shall not constitute final acceptance procedures, or by the manufacturer nor prejudice the (ii) Use of an analytical technique as manufacturer in the exercise of any ap- described in § 600.006(e), in addition to peal pursuant to this section chal- testing (e.g., city fuel economy data by lenging such fuel economy data. testing, highway fuel economy data by [76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011] analytical technique). (2) The data generated shall be sub- § 600.010 Vehicle test requirements mitted to the Administrator according and minimum data requirements. to the procedures in § 600.006. (a) Unless otherwise exempted from (c) Minimum data requirements for la- specific emission compliance require- beling. (1) In order to establish fuel ments, for each certification vehicle economy label values under § 600.301, defined in this part, and for each vehi- the manufacturer shall use only test cle tested according to the emission data accepted in accordance with test procedures in part 86 of this chap- § 600.008 meeting the minimum cov- ter for addition of a model after certifi- erage of: cation or approval of a running change (i) Data required for emission certifi- (§ 86.1842 of this chapter, as applicable): cation under §§ 86.1828 and 86.1842 of (1) The manufacturer shall generate this chapter. FTP fuel economy data by testing ac- (ii)(A) FTP and HFET data from the cording to the applicable procedures. highest projected model year sales sub- (2) The manufacturer shall generate configuration within the highest pro- highway fuel economy data by: jected model year sales configuration (i) Testing according to applicable for each base level, and procedures, or (B) If required under § 600.115, for 2011 (ii) Using an analytical technique, as and later model year vehicles, US06, described in § 600.006(e). SC03 and cold temperature FTP data (3) The manufacturer shall generate from the highest projected model year US06 fuel economy data by testing ac- sales subconfiguration within the high- cording to the applicable procedures. est projected model year sales configu- Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled ration for each base level. Manufactur- vehicles operating on alternate fuel ers may optionally generate this data may optionally generate this data for any 2008 through 2010 model years, using the alternate fuel. and, 2011 and later model year vehicles, (4) The manufacturer shall generate if not otherwise required. SC03 fuel economy data by testing ac- (iii) For additional model types es- cording to the applicable procedures. tablished under § 600.208–08(a)(2), Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled § 600.208–12(a)(2) § 600.209–08(a)(2), or

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§ 600.209–12(a)(2) FTP and HFET data, Drive, P.O. Box C700, West and if required under § 600.115, US06, Conshohocken, PA, 19428–2959, (610) 832– SC03 and Cold temperature FTP data 9585, or http://www.astm.org/. from each subconfiguration included (1) ASTM D975–13a, Standard Speci- within the model type. fication for Diesel Fuel Oils, approved (2) For the purpose of recalculating December 1, 2013, IBR approved for fuel economy label values as required § 600.107–08(b). under § 600.314–08(b), the manufacturer (2) ASTM D1298–12b, Standard Test shall submit data required under Method for Density, Relative Density, § 600.507. or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and (d) Minimum data requirements for the Liquid Petroleum Products by Hy- manufacturer’s average fuel economy and drometer Method, approved June 1, average carbon-related exhaust emissions. 2012, IBR approved for §§ 600.113–12(f) For the purpose of calculating the and 600.510–12(g). manufacturer’s average fuel economy (3) ASTM D1945–03 (Reapproved 2010), and average carbon-related exhaust Standard Test Method for Analysis of emissions under § 600.510, the manufac- Natural Gas By Gas Chromatography, turer shall submit FTP (city) and approved January 1, 2010, IBR approved HFET (highway) test data representing for § 600.113–12(f) and (k). at least 90 percent of the manufactur- (4) ASTM D3338/D3338M–09, Standard er’s actual model year production, by Test Method for Estimation of Net configuration, for each category identi- Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels, fied for calculation under § 600.510–08(a) approved April 15, 2009, IBR approved or § 600.510–12(a)(1). for § 600.113–12(f). [71 FR 77932, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 74 (5) ASTM D3343–05 (Reapproved 2010), FR 61549, Nov. 25, 2009; 75 FR 25703, May 7, Standard Test Method for Estimation 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels, 39524, 39530, July 6, 2011] approved October 1, 2010, IBR approved for § 600.113–12(f). § 600.011 Incorporation by reference. (c) Society of Automotive Engineers, (a) Certain material is incorporated 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, by reference into this part with the ap- PA 15096–0001, (877) 606–7323 (U.S. and proval of the Director of the Federal Canada) or (724) 776–4970 (outside the Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 U.S. and Canada), http://www.sae.org. CFR part 51. To enforce any edition (1) Motor Vehicle Dimensions—Rec- other than that specified in this sec- ommended Practice SAE 1100a (Report tion, the Environmental Protection of Human Factors Engineering Com- Agency must publish a notice of the mittee, Society of Automotive Engi- change in the FEDERAL REGISTER and neers, approved September 1973 as re- the material must be available to the vised September 1975), IBR approved public. All approved material is avail- for § 600.315–08(c). able for inspection at U.S. EPA, Air (2) SAE J1634, Battery Electric Vehi- and Radiation Docket and Information cle Energy Consumption and Range Center, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW., Test Procedure, revised October 2012, Room B102, EPA West Building, Wash- IBR approved for §§ 600.116–12(a) and ington, DC 20460, (202) 202–1744, and is 600.311–12(j) and (k). available from the sources listed below. (3) SAE J1711, Recommended Prac- It is also available for inspection at the tice for Measuring the Exhaust Emis- National Archives and Records Admin- sions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid- istration (NARA). For information on Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In the availability of this material at Hybrid Vehicles, revised June 2010, IBR NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http:// approved for §§ 600.114–12(c) and (f), www.archives.gov/federallregister/ 600.116–12(b) and (c), and 600.311–12(c), codeloflfederallregulations/ (j), and (k). ibrllocations.html and is available from (d) International Organization for the sources listed below: Standardization, Case Postale 56, CH– (b) ASTM International material. The 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, (41) 22749 following documents are available from 0111, http://www.iso.org, or ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor [email protected].

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(1) ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E), Information § 600.108–08 Analytical gases. technology—Automatic identification The analytical gases for all fuel econ- and data capture techniques—QR Code omy testing must meet the criteria 2005 bar code symbology specification, given in § 86.114 of this chapter. Second Edition, September 1, 2006, IBR approved for § 600.302–12(b). [42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977. Redesignated at (2) [Reserved] 76 FR 39531, July 6, 2011] [76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 § 600.109–08 EPA driving cycles. FR 57379, Sept. 15, 2011; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014] (a) The FTP driving cycle is prescribed in § 86.115 of this chapter. (b) The highway fuel economy driv- Subpart B—Fuel Economy and ing cycle is specified in this paragraph. Carbon-Related Exhaust Emis- (1) The Highway Fuel Economy Driv- sion Test Procedures ing Schedule is set forth in appendix I of this part. The driving schedule is de- SOURCE: 42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, unless fined by a smooth trace drawn through otherwise noted. the specified speed versus time rela- tionships. § 600.106–08 Equipment requirements. (2) The speed tolerance at any given The requirements for test equipment time on the dynamometer driving to be used for all fuel economy testing schedule specified in appendix I of this are given in subparts B and C of part 86 part, or as printed on a driver’s aid of this chapter. chart approved by the Administrator, when conducted to meet the require- [76 FR 39531, July 6, 2011] ments of paragraph (b) of § 600.111 is de- § 600.107–08 Fuel specifications. fined by upper and lower limits. The upper limit is 2 mph higher than the (a) The test fuel specifications for highest point on trace within 1 second gasoline, diesel, methanol, and meth- of the given time. The lower limit is 2 anol-petroleum fuel mixtures are given mph lower than the lowest point on the in § 86.113 of this chapter, except for trace within 1 second of the given time. cold temperature FTP fuel require- Speed variations greater than the tol- ments for diesel and alternative fuel erances (such as may occur during gear vehicles, which are given in paragraph changes) are acceptable provided they (b) of this section. occur for less than 2 seconds on any oc- (b)(1) Diesel test fuel used for cold casion. Speeds lower than those pre- temperature FTP testing must com- scribed are acceptable provided the ve- prise a winter-grade diesel fuel as spec- hicle is operated at maximum available ified in ASTM D975 (incorporated by power during such occurrences. reference in § 600.011). Alternatively, (3) A graphic representation of the EPA may approve the use of a different range of acceptable speed tolerances is diesel fuel, provided that the level of found in § 86.115 of this chapter. kerosene added shall not exceed 20 per- (c) The US06 driving cycle is set forth cent. in appendix I of part 86 of this chapter. (2) The manufacturer may request (d) The SC03 driving cycle is set forth EPA approval of the use of an alter- in appendix I of part 86 of this chapter. native fuel for cold temperature FTP [71 FR 77933, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 76 testing. FR 39531, July 6, 2011] (c) Test fuels representing fuel types for which there are no specifications § 600.110–08 Equipment calibration. provided in § 86.113 of this chapter may The equipment used for fuel economy be used if approved in advance by the testing must be calibrated according to Administrator. the provisions of §§ 86.116 and 86.216 of [76 FR 39531, July 6, 2011] this chapter. [71 FR 77933, Dec. 27, 2006]

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§ 600.111–08 Test procedures. vehicles, including, but not limited to This section describes test proce- fuel cell vehicles, hybrid electric vehi- dures for the FTP, highway fuel econ- cles using hydraulic energy storage, omy test (HFET), US06, SC03, and the and vehicles equipped with hydrogen cold temperature FTP tests. Perform internal combustion engines. Addition- testing according to test procedures ally, we may conduct fuel economy and and other requirements contained in carbon-related exhaust emission test- this part 600 and in 40 CFR parts 86 and ing using the special test procedures 1066, including the provisions of 40 CFR approved for a specific vehicle. part 86, subparts B, C, and S. Manufac- [79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014] turers may certify vehicles based on data collected according to previously § 600.112–08 Exhaust sample analysis. published test procedures for model The exhaust sample analysis must be years through 2021. In addition, we may performed according to § 86.140, or approve the use of previously published § 86.240 of this chapter, as applicable. test procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR [71 FR 77935, Dec. 27, 2006] 1066.10(c). See 40 CFR 86.101 and 86.201 § 600.113–12 Fuel economy, CO 2 emis- for detailed provisions related to this sions, and carbon-related exhaust transition. emission calculations for FTP, (a) FTP testing procedures. Conduct HFET, US06, SC03 and cold tem- FTP testing as described in 40 CFR perature FTP tests. 1066.810 through 1066.820. You may omit The Administrator will use the cal- evaporative emission measurements culation procedure set forth in this for testing under this part 600 unless paragraph for all official EPA testing we specifically require it. of vehicles fueled with gasoline, diesel, (b) Highway fuel economy testing proce- alcohol-based or natural gas fuel. The dures. Conduct HFET testing as de- calculations of the weighted fuel econ- scribed in 40 CFR 1066.840. omy and carbon-related exhaust emis- (c) US06 testing procedures. Conduct sion values require input of the weight- US06 testing as described in 40 CFR ed grams/mile values for total hydro- 1066.830 and 1066.831. carbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), (d) SC03 testing procedures. Conduct and carbon dioxide (CO2); and, addi- SC03 testing as described in 40 CFR tionally for methanol-fueled auto- 1066.830 and 835. mobiles, methanol (CH3OH) and form- (e) Cold temperature FTP procedures. aldehyde (HCHO); and, additionally for Conduct cold temperature FTP testing ethanol-fueled automobiles, methanol as described in 40 CFR part 1066, sub- (CH3OH), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetal- part H. dehyde (C2H4O), and formaldehyde (f) Testing with alternative fuels. For (HCHO); and additionally for natural vehicles designed to operate on an al- gas-fueled vehicles, non-methane hy- ternative fuel in addition to gasoline or drocarbons (NMHC) and methane (CH4). diesel fuel, perform FTP and HFET For manufacturers selecting the fleet testing as described in paragraphs (a) averaging option for N2O and CH4 as al- and (b) of this section for each type of lowed under § 86.1818 of this chapter the fuel on which the vehicle is designed to calculations of the carbon-related ex- operate. No US06, SC03, or cold tem- haust emissions require the input of perature FTP testing is required on the grams/mile values for nitrous oxide alternative fuel. (N2O) and methane (CH4). Emissions (g) Testing for vehicles with recharge- shall be determined for the FTP, able energy storage systems. Test electric HFET, US06, SC03 and cold tempera- vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles as ture FTP tests. Additionally, the spe- described in § 600.116. cific gravity, carbon weight fraction (h) Special test procedures. We may and net heating value of the test fuel allow or require you to use procedures must be determined. The FTP, HFET, other than those specified in this sec- US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP tion as described in 40 CFR 1066.10(c). fuel economy and carbon-related ex- For example, special test procedures haust emission values shall be cal- may be used for advanced technology culated as specified in this section. An

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example fuel economy calculation ap- sient phase of the cold temperature pears in Appendix II of this part. FTP test in § 86.244 of this chapter. (a) Calculate the FTP fuel economy (3) Measure and record the test fuel’s as follows: properties as specified in paragraph (f) (1) Calculate the weighted grams/ of this section. mile values for the FTP test for CO2, (d) Calculate the US06 fuel economy HC, and CO, and where applicable, as follows: CH3OH, C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, (1) Calculate the total grams/mile N2O and CH4 as specified in § 86.144–94(b) values for the US06 test for HC, CO and of this chapter. Measure and record the CO , and where applicable, CH OH, test fuel’s properties as specified in 2 3 C H OH, C H O, HCHO, NMHC, N O and paragraph (f) of this section. 2 5 2 4 2 CH as specified in § 86.144–94(b) of this (2) Calculate separately the grams/ 4 mile values for the cold transient chapter. phase, stabilized phase and hot tran- (2) Calculate separately the grams/ sient phase of the FTP test. For vehi- mile values for HC, CO and CO2, and cles with more than one source of pro- where applicable, CH3OH, C2H5OH, pulsion energy, one of which is a re- C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, N2O and CH4, for chargeable energy storage system, or both the US06 City phase and the US06 vehicles with special features that the Highway phase of the US06 test as Administrator determines may have a specified in § 86.164 of this chapter. In rechargeable energy source, whose lieu of directly measuring the emis- charge can vary during the test, cal- sions of the separate city and highway culate separately the grams/mile val- phases of the US06 test according to ues for the cold transient phase, sta- the provisions of § 86.159 of this chap- bilized phase, hot transient phase and ter, the manufacturer may, with the hot stabilized phase of the FTP test. advance approval of the Administrator (b) Calculate the HFET fuel economy and using good engineering judgment, as follows: optionally analytically determine the (1) Calculate the mass values for the grams/mile values for the city and highway fuel economy test for HC, CO highway phases of the US06 test. To and CO2, and where applicable, CH3OH, analytically determine US06 City and C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, N2O and US06 Highway phase emission results, CH4 as specified in § 86.144–94(b) of this the manufacturer shall multiply the chapter. Measure and record the test US06 total grams/mile values deter- fuel’s properties as specified in para- mined in paragraph (d)(1) of this sec- graph (f) of this section. tion by the estimated proportion of (2) Calculate the grams/mile values fuel use for the city and highway for the highway fuel economy test for phases relative to the total US06 fuel HC, CO and CO2, and where applicable use. The manufacturer may estimate CH3OH, C2H5OH, C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, the proportion of fuel use for the US06 N O and CH by dividing the mass val- 2 4 City and US06 Highway phases by using ues obtained in paragraph (b)(1) of this modal CO , HC, and CO emissions data, section, by the actual driving distance, 2 or by using appropriate OBD data (e.g., measured in miles, as specified in fuel flow rate in grams of fuel per sec- § 86.135 of this chapter. ond), or another method approved by (c) Calculate the cold temperature the Administrator. FTP fuel economy as follows: (1) Calculate the weighted grams/ (3) Measure and record the test fuel’s mile values for the cold temperature properties as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. FTP test for HC, CO and CO2, and (e) Calculate the SC03 fuel economy where applicable, CH3OH, C2H5OH, as follows: C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, N2O and CH4 as specified in § 86.144–94(b) of this chap- (1) Calculate the grams/mile values ter. For 2008 through 2010 diesel-fueled for the SC03 test for HC, CO and CO2, vehicles, HC measurement is optional. and where applicable, CH3OH, C2H5OH, (2) Calculate separately the grams/ C2H4O, HCHO, NMHC, N2O and CH4 as mile values for the cold transient specified in § 86.144–94(b) of this chap- phase, stabilized phase and hot tran- ter.

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(2) Measure and record the test fuel’s SGg = Specific gravity of gasoline as meas- properties as specified in paragraph (f) ured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by of this section. reference in § 600.011). SGm = Specific gravity of methanol as meas- (f) Analyze and determine fuel prop- ured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by erties as follows: reference in § 600.011). (1) Gasoline test fuel properties shall be determined by analysis of a fuel (B) Upon the approval of the Admin- sample taken from the fuel supply. A istrator, other procedures to measure sample shall be taken after each addi- the carbon weight fraction of the fuel tion of fresh fuel to the fuel supply. Ad- blend may be used if the manufacturer ditionally, the fuel shall be resampled can show that the procedures are supe- once a month to account for any fuel rior to or equally as accurate as those property changes during storage. Less specified in this paragraph (f)(2)(ii). frequent resampling may be permitted (3) Natural gas test fuel shall be ana- if EPA concludes, on the basis of manu- lyzed to determine the following fuel facturer-supplied data, that the prop- properties: erties of test fuel in the manufacturer’s (i) Fuel composition measured using storage facility will remain stable for a ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by ref- period longer than one month. The fuel erence in § 600.011). samples shall be analyzed to determine (ii) Specific gravity measured as the following fuel properties: based on fuel composition per ASTM D (i) Specific gravity measured using 1945 (incorporated by reference in ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by ref- § 600.011). erence in § 600.011). (iii) Carbon weight fraction, based on (ii) Carbon weight fraction measured the carbon contained only in the hy- using ASTM D 3343 (incorporated by drocarbon constituents of the fuel. reference in § 600.011). This equals the weight of carbon in the (iii) Net heating value (Btu/lb) deter- hydrocarbon constituents divided by mined using ASTM D 3338/D 3338M (in- the total weight of fuel. corporated by reference in § 600.011). (iv) Carbon weight fraction of the fuel, which equals the total weight of (2) Methanol test fuel shall be ana- carbon in the fuel ( includes carbon lyzed to determine the following fuel i.e., contained in hydrocarbons and in CO ) properties: 2 divided by the total weight of fuel. (i) Specific gravity using ASTM D (4) Ethanol test fuel shall be analyzed 1298 (incorporated by reference in to determine the following fuel prop- § 600.011). You may determine specific erties: gravity for the blend, or you may de- (i) Specific gravity using ASTM D termine specific gravity for the gaso- 1298 (incorporated by reference in line and methanol fuel components § 600.011). You may determine specific separately before combining the results gravity for the blend, or you may de- using the following equation: termine specific gravity for the gaso- SG = SGg × volume fraction gasoline + line and methanol fuel components SGm × volume fraction methanol. separately before combining the results (ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using using the following equation: the following equation: SG = SGg × volume fraction gasoline + CWF = CWFg × MFg+ 0.375 × MFm SGe × volume fraction ethanol. Where: (ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using CWFg = Carbon weight fraction of gasoline the following equation: portion of blend measured using ASTM D CWF = CWFg × MFg + 0.521 × MFe 3343 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). Where: MFg = Mass fraction gasoline = (G × SGg)/(G CWFg = Carbon weight fraction of gasoline × SGg + M × SGm) portion of blend measured using ASTM D MFm = Mass fraction methanol = (M × SGm)/ 3343 (incorporated by reference in (G × SGg + M × SGm) § 600.011). MFg = Mass fraction gasoline = (G × SGg)/(G Where: × SGg + E × SGe) G = Volume fraction gasoline. MFe = Mass fraction ethanol = (E × SGe)/(G M = Volume fraction methanol. × SGg + E × SGe)

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Where: emissions in this section. For vehicles G = Volume fraction gasoline. within a test group, the appropriate E = Volume fraction ethanol. NMOG deterioration factor may be SGg = Specific gravity of gasoline as meas- used in lieu of the deterioration factors ured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). for CH3OH, C2H5OH, and/or C2H4O emis- SGe = Specific gravity of ethanol as meas- sions. ured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by (iii) The emission values determined reference in § 600.011). in paragraph (g)(2)(i) or (ii) of this sec- (B) Upon the approval of the Admin- tion shall be rounded in accordance istrator, other procedures to measure with § 86.1837 of this chapter. The CO2 the carbon weight fraction of the fuel values (obtained per this section, as ap- blend may be used if the manufacturer plicable) used in each calculation of can show that the procedures are supe- carbon-related exhaust emissions in rior to or equally as accurate as those this section shall be rounded to the specified in this paragraph (f)(4)(ii). nearest gram/mile. (g) Calculate separate FTP, highway, (iv) For manufacturers complying US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP with the fleet averaging option for N O fuel economy and carbon-related ex- 2 and CH as allowed under § 86.1818 of haust emissions from the grams/mile 4 this chapter, N2O and CH4 emission val- values for total HC, CO, CO2 and, where applicable, CH OH, C H OH, C H O, ues for use in the calculation of car- 3 2 5 2 4 bon-related exhaust emissions in this HCHO, NMHC, N2O, and CH4, and the test fuel’s specific gravity, carbon section shall be the values determined weight fraction, net heating value, and according to paragraph (g)(2)(iv)(A), additionally for natural gas, the test (B), or (C) of this section. fuel’s composition. (A) The FTP and HFET test values as (1)Emission values for fuel economy cal- determined for the emission data vehi- culations. The emission values (ob- cle according to the provisions of tained per paragraph (a) through (e) of § 86.1835 of this chapter. These values this section, as applicable) used in the shall apply to all vehicles tested under calculations of fuel economy in this this section that are included in the section shall be rounded in accordance test group represented by the emission with § 86.1837 of this chapter. The CO2 data vehicle and shall be adjusted by values (obtained per this section, as ap- the appropriate deterioration factor plicable) used in each calculation of determined according to § 86.1823 of this fuel economy in this section shall be chapter before being used in the cal- rounded to the nearest gram/mile. culations of carbon-related exhaust (2) Emission values for carbon-related exhaust emission calculations. (i) If the emissions in this section, except that emission values (obtained per para- in-use test data shall not be adjusted graph (a) through (e) of this section, as by a deterioration factor. applicable) were obtained from testing (B) The FTP and HFET test values as with aged exhaust emission control determined according to testing con- components as allowed under § 86.1823 ducted under the provisions of this sub- of this chapter, then these test values part. These values shall be adjusted by shall be used in the calculations of car- the appropriate deterioration factor bon-related exhaust emissions in this determined according to § 86.1823 of this section. chapter before being used in the cal- (ii) If the emission values (obtained culations of carbon-related exhaust per paragraph (a) through (e) of this emissions in this section, except that section, as applicable) were not ob- in-use test data shall not be adjusted tained from testing with aged exhaust by a deterioration factor. emission control components as al- (C) For the 2012 through 2016 model lowed under § 86.1823 of this chapter, years only, manufacturers may use an then these test values shall be adjusted assigned value of 0.010 g/mi for N O by the appropriate deterioration factor 2 determined according to § 86.1823 of this FTP and HFET test values. This value chapter before being used in the cal- is not required to be adjusted by a de- culations of carbon-related exhaust terioration factor.

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(3) The specific gravity and the car- CREE = (CWF/0.273×HC) + (1.571×CO) + bon weight fraction (obtained per para- CO2 graph (f) of this section) shall be re- Where: corded using three places to the right CREE means the carbon-related exhaust of the decimal point. The net heating emissions as defined in § 600.002. value (obtained per paragraph (f) of HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- this section) shall be recorded to the graph (g)(2) of this section. nearest whole Btu/lb. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- (4) For the purpose of determining graph (g)(2) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- the applicable in-use CO2 exhaust emis- 2 2 sion standard under § 86.1818 of this graph (g)(2) of this section. CWF = Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as chapter, the combined city/highway obtained in paragraph (f)(1) of this sec- carbon-related exhaust emission value tion and rounded according to paragraph for a vehicle subconfiguration is cal- (g)(3) of this section. culated by arithmetically averaging the FTP-based city and HFET-based (ii) For manufacturers complying highway carbon-related exhaust emis- with the fleet averaging option for N2O sion values, as determined in para- and CH4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of graphs (h) through (n) of this section this chapter, the carbon-related ex- for the subconfiguration, weighted 0.55 haust emissions in grams per mile for and 0.45 respectively, and rounded to 2012 and later model year gasoline- the nearest tenth of a gram per mile. fueled automobiles tested on a test fuel specified in § 86.113 of this chapter is to (h)(1) For gasoline-fueled auto- be calculated using the following equa- mobiles tested on a test fuel specified tion and rounded to the nearest 1 gram in § 86.113 of this chapter, the fuel econ- per mile: omy in miles per gallon is to be cal- × × culated using the following equation CREE = [(CWF/0.273) NMHC] + (1.571 × × and rounded to the nearest 0.1 miles CO) + CO2 + (298 N2O) + (25 CH4) per gallon: Where: mpg = (5174 × 104 × CWF × SG)/[((CWF × CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emissions as defined in § 600.002. HC) + (0.429 × CO) + (0.273 × CO2)) × ((0.6 × SG × NHV) + 5471)] NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. Where: CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. graph (g)(1) of this section. CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- N O = Grams/mile N O as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. 2 2 graph (g)(2) of this section. CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. graph (g)(2) of this section. CWF = Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as CWF = Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (f)(1) of this sec- obtained in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph tion and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. (g)(3) of this section. NHV = Net heating value by mass of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (f)(1) of this sec- (i)(1) For diesel-fueled automobiles, tion and rounded according to paragraph calculate the fuel economy in miles per (g)(3) of this section. gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by SG = Specific gravity of test fuel as obtained the sum of three terms and rounding in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of gallon: this section. (i)(A) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year grams/miles as obtained in paragraph gasoline-fueled automobiles tested on a (g)(1) of this section), or test fuel specified in § 86.113 of this (B) Zero, in the case of cold FTP die- chapter, the carbon-related exhaust sel tests for which HC was not col- emissions in grams per mile is to be lected, as permitted in § 600.113–08(c); calculated using the following equation (ii) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/ and rounded to the nearest 1 gram per mile as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of mile: this section); and

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(iii) 0.273 multiplied by CO2 (in grams/ tion and rounded according to paragraph mile as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of (g)(3) of this section. this section). CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year hydrocarbons = CWF as determined in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and diesel-fueled automobiles, the carbon- rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of related exhaust emissions in grams per this section (for M100 fuel, CWFexHC = mile is to be calculated using the fol- 0.866). lowing equation and rounded to the HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- nearest 1 gram per mile: graph (g)(1) of this section. CREE = (3.172 × HC) + (1.571 × CO) + CO CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- 2 graph (g)(1) of this section. Where: CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- CREE means the carbon-related exhaust graph (g)(1) of this section. emissions as defined in § 600.002. CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this sec- graph (g)(2) of this section. tion. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as graph (g)(2) of this section. obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year (ii) For manufacturers complying methanol-fueled automobiles and auto- with the fleet averaging option for N2O mobiles designed to operate on mix- and CH4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of tures of gasoline and methanol, the this chapter, the carbon-related ex- carbon-related exhaust emissions in haust emissions in grams per mile for grams per mile while operating on 2012 and later model year diesel-fueled methanol is to be calculated using the automobiles is to be calculated using following equation and rounded to the the following equation and rounded to nearest 1 gram per mile:

the nearest 1 gram per mile: CREE = (CWFexHC/0.273 × HC) + (1.571 × CREE = (3.172 × NMHC) + (1.571 × CO) + CO) + (1.374 × CH3OH) + (1.466 × CO2 + (298 × N2O) + (25 × CH4) HCHO) + CO2 Where: Where: CREE means the carbon-related exhaust CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emissions as defined in § 600.002. emission value as defined in § 600.002. NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust paragraph (g)(2) of this section. hydrocarbons = CWF as determined in CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and graph (g)(2) of this section. rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- this section (for M100 fuel, CWFexHC = graph (g)(2) of this section. 0.866). N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in para- HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. graph (g)(2) of this section. CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in para- CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. graph (g)(2) of this section. CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- (j)(1) For methanol-fueled auto- graph (g)(2) of this section. mobiles and automobiles designed to CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as operate on mixtures of gasoline and obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. methanol, the fuel economy in miles HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) per gallon of methanol is to be cal- as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- culated using the following equation: tion.

mpg = (CWF × SG × 3781.8)/((CWFexHC × (ii) For manufacturers complying HC) + (0.429 × CO) + (0.273 × CO2) + with the fleet averaging option for N2O (0.375 × CH3OH) + (0.400 × HCHO)) and CH4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of this chapter, the carbon-related ex- Where: haust emissions in grams per mile for CWF = Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as 2012 and later model year methanol- determined in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and rounded according to para- fueled automobiles and automobiles de- graph (g)(3) of this section. signed to operate on mixtures of gaso- SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as deter- line and methanol while operating on mined in paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this sec- methanol is to be calculated using the

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following equation and rounded to the CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- nearest 1 gram per mile: graph (g)(2) of this section. CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as CREE = [(CWFexHC/0.273) × NMHC] + (1.571 × CO) + (1.374 × CH OH) + obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- 3 tion. (1.466 × HCHO) + CO + (298 × N O) + 2 2 HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as (25 × CH ) 4 obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- Where: tion. CREE means the carbon-related exhaust N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in para- emission value as defined in § 600.002. graph (g)(2) of this section. CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in para- hydrocarbons = CWF as determined in graph (g)(2) of this section. paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of (k)(1) For automobiles fueled with this section (for M100 fuel, CWFexHC = natural gas and automobiles designed 0.866). to operate on gasoline and natural gas, NMHC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- the fuel economy in miles per gallon of graph (g)(2) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- natural gas is to be calculated using graph (g)(2) of this section. the following equation:

Where: ane, non-methane HC, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide as obtained in para- mpge = miles per gasoline gallon equivalent of natural gas. graph (g)(2) of this section. CWFHC/NG = carbon weight fraction based on CWFNMHC = carbon weight fraction of the the hydrocarbon constituents in the nat- non-methane HC constituents in the fuel ural gas fuel as obtained in paragraph as determined from the speciated fuel (f)(3) of this section and rounded accord- composition per paragraph (f)(3) of this ing to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. section and rounded according to para- DNG = density of the natural gas fuel [grams/ graph (g)(3) of this section. ft3 at 68 °F (20 °C) and 760 mm Hg (101.3 CO2NG = grams of carbon dioxide in the nat- kPa)] pressure as obtained in paragraph ural gas fuel consumed per mile of travel. (g)(3) of this section. CO2NG = FCNG × DNG × WFCO2 CH4, NMHC, CO, and CO2 = weighted mass exhaust emissions [grams/mile] for meth- Where:

= cubic feet of natural gas fuel consumed per to operate on gasoline and natural gas, mile the carbon-related exhaust emissions Where: in grams per mile while operating on natural gas is to be calculated for 2012 CWFNG = the carbon weight fraction of the natural gas fuel as calculated in para- and later model year vehicles using the graph (f)(3) of this section. following equation and rounded to the nearest 1 gram per mile: WFCO2 = weight fraction carbon dioxide of the natural gas fuel calculated using the CREE = 2.743 × CH4 + CWFNMHC/0.273 × mole fractions and molecular weights of NMHC + 1.571 × CO + CO2 the natural gas fuel constituents per ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by reference Where: in § 600.011). CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in § 600.002. (2)(i) For automobiles fueled with CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in para- natural gas and automobiles designed graph (g)(2) of this section.

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NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in tion and rounded according to paragraph paragraph (g)(2) of this section. (f)(3) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as deter- graph (g)(2) of this section. mined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section

CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- and rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) graph (g)(2) of this section. of this section.

CWFNMHC = carbon weight fraction of the CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust non-methane HC constituents in the fuel hydrocarbons = CWF as determined in as determined from the speciated fuel paragraph (f)(4) of this section and composition per paragraph (f)(3) of this rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of section and rounded according to para- this section. graph (f)(3) of this section. HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. (ii) For manufacturers complying CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- with the fleet averaging option for N2O graph (g)(1) of this section.

and CH4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- this chapter, the carbon-related ex- graph (g)(1) of this section.

haust emissions in grams per mile for CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as 2012 and later model year automobiles obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this sec- fueled with natural gas and auto- tion. mobiles designed to operate on gaso- HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as line and natural gas while operating on obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. natural gas is to be calculated using C2H5OH = Grams/mile C2H5OH (ethanol) as the following equation and rounded to obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this sec- the nearest 1 gram per mile: tion.

CREE = (25 × CH4) + [(CWFNMHC/0.273) × C2H4O = Grams/mile C2H4O (acetaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this sec- NMHC] + (1.571 × CO) + CO2 + (298 × tion. N2O) Where: (2)(i) For 2012 and later model year ethanol-fueled automobiles and auto- CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in § 600.002. mobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and ethanol, the car- CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. bon-related exhaust emissions in grams NMHC = Grams/mile NMHC as obtained in per mile while operating on ethanol is paragraph (g)(2) of this section. to be calculated using the following CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- equation and rounded to the nearest 1 graph (g)(2) of this section. gram per mile: CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- CREE = (CWF /0.273 × HC) + (1.571 × graph (g)(2) of this section. exHC CO) + (1.374 × CH3OH) + (1.466 × CWFNMHC = carbon weight fraction of the × × non-methane HC constituents in the fuel HCHO) + (1.911 C2H5OH) + (1.998 as determined from the speciated fuel C2H4O) + CO2 composition per paragraph (f)(3) of this Where: section and rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section. CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in § 600.002. N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons = CWF as determined in (l)(1) For ethanol-fueled automobiles paragraph (f)(4) of this section and and automobiles designed to operate on rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of mixtures of gasoline and ethanol, the this section. fuel economy in miles per gallon of HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- ethanol is to be calculated using the graph (g)(2) of this section. following equation: CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. mpg = (CWF × SG × 3781.8)/((CWF × exHC CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- HC) + (0.429 × CO) + (0.273 × CO2) + graph (g)(2) of this section.

(0.375 × CH3OH) + (0.400 × HCHO) + CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as (0.521 × C2H5OH) + (0.545 × C2H4O)) obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. Where: HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as CWF = Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section.

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C2H5OH = Grams/mile C2H5OH (ethanol) as rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- this section. tion. NMHC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- C2H4O = Grams/mile C2H4O (acetaldehyde) as graph (g)(2) of this section. obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- tion. graph (g)(2) of this section. (ii) For manufacturers complying CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. with the fleet averaging option for N2O CH3OH = Grams/mile CH3OH (methanol) as and CH4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- this chapter, the carbon-related ex- tion. haust emissions in grams per mile for HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as 2012 and later model year ethanol- obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- fueled automobiles and automobiles de- tion. signed to operate on mixtures of gaso- C2H5OH = Grams/mile C2H5OH (ethanol) as line and ethanol while operating on obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. ethanol is to be calculated using the C2H4O = Grams/mile C2H4O (acetaldehyde) as following equation and rounded to the obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this sec- nearest 1 gram per mile: tion. CREE = [(CWFexHC/0.273) × NMHC] + N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. (1.571 × CO) + (1.374 × CH3OH) + CH = Grams/mile CH as obtained in para- (1.466 × HCHO) + (1.911 × C2H5OH) + 4 4 graph (g)(2) of this section. (1.998 × C2H4O) + CO2 + (298 × N2O) + (25 × CH4) (m)(1) For automobiles fueled with Where: liquefied petroleum gas and automobiles designed to operate on gaso- CREE means the carbon-related exhaust emission value as defined in § 600.002. line and liquefied petroleum gas, the fuel economy in miles per gallon of liq- CWFexHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust hydrocarbons = CWF as determined in uefied petroleum gas is to be cal- paragraph (f)(4) of this section and culated using the following equation:

Where: CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. mpge = miles per gasoline gallon equivalent of liquefied petroleum gas. (2)(i) For automobiles fueled with liq- CWFfuel = carbon weight fraction based on uefied petroleum gas and automobiles the hydrocarbon constituents in the liquefied petroleum gas fuel as obtained in designed to operate on gasoline and liq- paragraph (f)(3) of this section and uefied petroleum gas, the carbon-re- rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of lated exhaust emissions in grams per this section. mile while operating on liquefied pe- SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as deter- troleum gas is to be calculated for 2012 mined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section and later model year vehicles using the and rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) following equation and rounded to the of this section. nearest 1 gram per mile: 3781.8 = Grams/mile of H2O per gallon conversion factor. CREE = (CWFHC/0.273 × HC) + (1.571 × CWFHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust CO) + CO2 hydrocarbons = CWFfuel as determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section and Where: rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of CREE means the carbon-related exhaust this section. emission value as defined in § 600.002.

HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- CWFHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust graph (g)(2) of this section. hydrocarbons = CWFfuel as determined in CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and graph (g)(2) of this section. rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of

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this section (for M100 fuel, CWFexHC = as described in § 86.1866 of this chapter, 0.866). the manufacturer may be allowed to HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- use a value of 0 grams/mile to represent graph (g)(2) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- the emissions of fuel cell vehicles and graph (g)(2) of this section. the proportion of electric operation of CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- a electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid graph (g)(2) of this section. electric vehicles that is derived from (ii) For manufacturers complying electricity that is generated from with the fleet averaging option for N O sources that are not onboard the vehi- 2 cle, as described in paragraphs (n)(1) and CH4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of this chapter, the carbon-related ex- through (3) of this section. For pur- haust emissions in grams per mile for poses of labeling under this part, the 2012 and later model year methanol- CO2 emissions for electric vehicles fueled automobiles and automobiles de- shall be 0 grams per mile. Similarly, signed to operate on mixtures of gaso- for purposes of labeling under this part, line and methanol while operating on the CO2 emissions for plug-in hybrid methanol is to be calculated using the electric vehicles shall be 0 grams per following equation and rounded to the mile for the proportion of electric oper- nearest 1 gram per mile: ation that is derived from electricity that is generated from sources that are × CREE = [(CWFexHC/0.273) NMHC] + not onboard the vehicle. For manufac- × × (1.571 CO) + CO2 + (298 N2O) + (25 turers no longer eligible to use 0 grams × CH4) per mile to represent electric oper- Where: ation, and for all 2026 and later model CREE means the carbon-related exhaust year electric vehicles, fuel cell vehi- emission value as defined in § 600.002. cles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehi- CWFHC = Carbon weight fraction of exhaust cles, the provisions of this paragraph hydrocarbons = CWFfuel as determined in (m) shall be used to determine the non- paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of zero value for CREE for purposes of this section. meeting the greenhouse gas emission NMHC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in para- standards described in § 86.1818 of this graph (g)(2) of this section. chapter. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in para- (1) For electric vehicles, but not in- graph (g)(2) of this section. cluding fuel cell vehicles, the carbon- CO2 = Grams/mile CO2 as obtained in para- related exhaust emissions in grams per graph (g)(2) of this section. mile is to be calculated using the fol- N2O = Grams/mile N2O as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. lowing equation and rounded to the CH4 = Grams/mile CH4 as obtained in para- nearest one gram per mile: graph (g)(2) of this section. CREE = CREEUP ¥ CREEGAS (n) Manufacturers shall determine Where: CO2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions for electric vehicles, CREE means the carbon-related exhaust fuel cell vehicles, and plug-in hybrid emission value as defined in § 600.002, which may be set equal to zero for eligi- electric vehicles according to the pro- ble 2012 through 2025 model year electric visions of this paragraph (n). Subject vehicles for a limited number of vehicles to the limitations on the number of ve- produced and delivered for sale as de- hicles produced and delivered for sale scribed in § 86.1866–12(a) of this chapter.

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Where: haust emissions in grams per mile shall EC = The vehicle energy consumption in be calculated using the method speci- watt-hours per mile, for combined FTP/ fied in paragraph (n)(1) of this section, HFET operation, determined according except that CREE shall be deter- to procedures established by the Admin- UP istrator under § 600.116–12. mined according to procedures estab- GRIDLOSS = 0.93 for the 2012 through 2016 lished by the Administrator under model years, and 0.935 for the 2017 and § 600.111–08(f). As described in § 86.1866 of later model years (to account for grid this chapter the value of CREE may be transmission losses). set equal to zero for a certain number AVGUSUP = 0.642 for the 2012 through 2016 of 2012 through 2025 model year fuel model years, and 0.534 for the 2017 and later model years (the nationwide aver- cell vehicles. age electricity greenhouse gas emission [76 FR 39533, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 rate at the powerplant, in grams per FR 63179, Oct. 15, 2012] watt-hour). 2478 is the estimated grams of upstream greenhouse gas emissions per gallon of § 600.114–12 Vehicle-specific 5-cycle gasoline. fuel economy and carbon-related 8887 is the estimated grams of CO2 per gallon exhaust emission calculations. of gasoline. Paragraphs (a) through (f) of this sec- TargetCO2 = The CO2 Target Value for the fuel cell or electric vehicle determined tion apply to data used for fuel econ- according to § 86.1818 of this chapter for omy labeling under subpart D of this the appropriate model year. part. Paragraphs (d) through (f) of this section are used to calculate 5-cycle (2) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles the carbon-related exhaust emis- carbon-related exhaust emission values sions in grams per mile is to be cal- for the purpose of determining optional culated according to the provisions of credits for CO2-reducing technologies § 600.116, except that the CREE for under § 86.1866 of this chapter and to charge-depleting operation shall be the calculate 5-cycle CO2 values for the sum of the CREE associated with gaso- purpose of fuel economy labeling under line consumption and the net upstream subpart D of this part. CREE determined according to para- (a) City fuel economy. For each vehicle graph (n)(1)(i) of this section, rounded tested under § 600.010–08(a), (b), or (c), to the nearest one gram per mile. as applicable, determine the 5-cycle (3) For 2012 and later model year fuel city fuel economy using the following cell vehicles, the carbon-related ex- equation:

896

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(2) Terms used in the equations in US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles this paragraph (a) are defined as fol- per gallon over the ‘‘city’’ portion lows: of the US06 test. Bag Y FEX = the fuel economy in miles (b) Highway fuel economy. (1) For each per gallon of fuel during bag Y of vehicle tested under § 600.010–08(a), (b), the FTP test conducted at an ambi- or (c), as applicable, determine the 5- ° ° ent temperature X of 75 F or 20 F. cycle highway fuel economy using the SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per following equation: gallon over the SC03 test.

897

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(2) If the condition specified in and applies mathematic adjustments § 600.115–08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is met, in lieu of for Cold FTP and SC03 conditions: using the calculation in paragraph (i) Perform a US06 test in addition to (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer the FTP and HFET tests. may optionally determine the highway (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway fuel economy using the following modi- fuel economy according to the fol- fied 5-cycle equation which utilizes lowing formula: data from FTP, HFET, and US06 tests,

(3) Terms used in the equations in Bag Y FEX = the fuel economy in miles this paragraph (b) are defined as fol- per gallon of fuel during bag Y of lows:

898

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the FTP test conducted at an ambi- transient, warm-start, transient); how- ent temperature X of 75 °F or 20 °F. ever, these four phases may be com- HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per bined into two phases (phases 1 + 2 and gallon over the HFET test. phases 3 + 4). Calculations for these SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per sampling methods follow: gallon over the SC03 test. (1) Four-bag FTP equations. If the 4- US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in bag sampling method is used, manufac- miles per gallon over the highway turers may use the equations in para- portion of the US06 test. graphs (a) and (b) of this section to de- US06 FE = fuel economy in miles per termine city and highway fuel econ- gallon over US06 test. omy estimates. If this method is cho- (c) Fuel economy calculations for hy- sen, it must be used to determine both brid electric vehicles. Test hybrid elec- city and highway fuel economy. Op- tric vehicles as described in SAE J1711 tionally, the following calculations (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). may be used, provided that they are For FTP testing, this generally in- used to determine both city and high- volves emission sampling over four way fuel economy: phases (bags) of the UDDS (cold-start, (i) City fuel economy.

(ii) Highway fuel economy.

899

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(2) Two-bag FTP equations. If the 2- omy. The following calculations must bag sampling method is used for the 75 be used to determine both city and °F FTP test, it must be used to deter- highway fuel economy: mine both city and highway fuel econ- (i) City fuel economy.

900

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(ii) Highway fuel economy.

901

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(3) For hybrid electric vehicles using equation for Start Fuel75 will be re- the modified 5-cycle highway calcula- placed with one of the following: tion in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, (i) The equation for Start Fuel75 for the equation in paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(A) hybrids tested according to the 4-bag of this section applies except that the FTP is:

(ii) The equation for Start Fuel75 for hybrids tested according to the 2-bag FTP is:

(4) Terms used in the equations in conducted at an ambient tempera- this paragraph (b) are defined as fol- ture of 75 °F.

lows: Bag Y FEX = the fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during bag Y of Bag X/Y FE75 = fuel economy in miles per gallon of fuel during combined the FTP test conducted at an ambi- phases X and Y of the FTP test ent temperature X of 75 °F or 20 °F.

902

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HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in gallon over the HFET test. miles per gallon over the highway SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per portion of the US06 test.

gallon over the SC03 test. (d) City CO2 emissions and carbon-re- US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles lated exhaust emissions. For each vehicle per gallon over the city portion of tested, determine the 5-cycle city CO2 the US06 test. emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions using the following equation:

(2) To determine the City CO2 emis- US06 City CREE = carbon-related ex- sions, use the appropriate CO2 grams/ haust emissions in grams per mile mile values instead of CREE values in over the city portion of the US06 the equations in this paragraph (d). test. (3) Terms used in the equations in SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust this paragraph (d) are defined as fol- emissions in grams per mile over lows: the SC03 test.

Bag Y CREEX = the carbon-related ex- (e) Highway CO2 emissions and carbon- haust emissions in grams per mile related exhaust emissions. (1) For each during bag Y of the FTP test con- vehicle tested, determine the 5-cycle ducted at an ambient temperature highway carbon-related exhaust emis- X of 75 °F or 20 °F. sions using the following equation:

903

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(2) If the condition specified in and US06 tests, and applies § 600.115–08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is met, in lieu of mathematic adjustments for Cold FTP using the calculation in paragraph and SC03 conditions: (e)(1) of this section, the manufacturer (i) Perform a US06 test in addition to may optionally determine the highway the FTP and HFET tests. carbon-related exhaust emissions using (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway the following modified 5-cycle equation carbon-related exhaust emissions ac- which utilizes data from FTP, HFET, cording to the following formula:

Where:

Start CREE75 = 3.6 × (Bag 1CREE75 ¥ Bag [0.377 × 0.133 × ((0.00540 × A) + (0.1357 × 3CREE75) US06 CREE))] × × Running CREE = 1.007 [(0.79 US06 High- (3) To determine the Highway CO2 way CREE) + (0.21 × HFET CREE)] + emissions, use the appropriate CO2

904

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grams/mile values instead of CREE val- (f) CO2 and carbon-related exhaust ues in the equations in this paragraph emissions calculations for hybrid electric (e). vehicles. Test hybrid electric vehicles (4) Terms used in the equations in as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated this paragraph (e) are defined as fol- by reference in § 600.011). For FTP test- lows: ing, this generally involves emission sampling over four phases (bags) of the A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, UDDS (cold-start, transient, warm- 10,180 for diesel-fueled vehicles, or start, transient); however, these four an appropriate value specified by phases may be combined into two the Administrator for other fuels. phases (phases 1 + 2 and phases 3 + 4). Bag Y CREEX = the carbon-related ex- Calculations for these sampling meth- haust emissions in grams per mile ods follow: during bag Y of the FTP test con- (1) Four-bag FTP equations. If the 4- ducted at an ambient temperature bag sampling method is used, manufac- ° ° X of 75 F or 20 F. turers may use the equations in para- US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related graphs (a) and (b) of this section to de- exhaust emissions in grams per termine city and highway CO2 and car- mile over the highway portion of bon-related exhaust emissions values. the US06 test. If this method is chosen, it must be US06 CREE = carbon-related exhaust used to determine both city and high- emissions in grams per mile over way CO2 emissions and carbon-related the US06 test. exhaust emissions. Optionally, the fol- HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust lowing calculations may be used, pro- emissions in grams per mile over vided that they are used to determine the HFET test. both city and highway CO2 and carbon- SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust related exhaust emissions values: emissions in grams per mile over (i) City CO2 emissions and carbon-re- the SC03 test. lated exhaust emissions.

905

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(ii) Highway CO2 emissions and carbon- related exhaust emissions.

(2) Two-bag FTP equations. If the 2- be used to determine both city and bag sampling method is used for the 75 highway CO2 emissions and carbon-re- °F FTP test, it must be used to deter- lated exhaust emissions:

mine both city and highway CO2 emis- (i) City CO2 emissions and carbon-re- sions and carbon-related exhaust emis- lated exhaust emissions. sions. The following calculations must

906

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(ii) Highway CO2 emissions and carbon- related exhaust emissions.

907

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(3) For hybrid electric vehicles using § 600.115–11 Criteria for determining the modified 5-cycle highway calcula- the fuel economy label calculation tion in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, method. the equation in paragraph (e)(2)(ii)(A) This section provides the criteria to of this section applies except that the determine if the derived 5-cycle meth- equation for Start CREE75 will be re- od for determining fuel economy label placed with one of the following: values, as specified in § 600.210–08(a)(2)

(i) The equation for Start CREE75 for or (b)(2) or § 600.210–12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as hybrids tested according to the 4-bag applicable, may be used to determine FTP is: label values. Separate criteria apply to city and highway fuel economy for Start CREE75= 3.6 × (Bag 1 CREE75 ¥ × each test group. The provisions of this Bag 3 CREE75 + 3.9 (Bag 2 CREE75 section are optional. If this option is ¥ Bag 4 CREE75) not chosen, or if the criteria provided (ii) The equation for Start CREE75 for in this section are not met, fuel econ- hybrids tested according to the 2-bag omy label values must be determined FTP is: according to the vehicle-specific 5- cycle method specified in § 600.210– Start CREE = 7.5 × (Bag 1⁄2 CREE ¥ 75 75 08(a)(1) or (b)(1) or § 600.210–12(a)(1) or Bag 3⁄4 CREE ) 75 (b)(1), as applicable. However, dedi- (4) To determine the City and High- cated alternative-fuel vehicles, dual way CO2 emissions, use the appropriate fuel vehicles when operating on the al- CO2 grams/mile values instead of CREE ternative fuel, plug-in hybrid electric values in the equations in paragraphs vehicles while operating in charge-de- (f)(1) through (3) of this section. pleting mode, MDPVs, and vehicles im- (5) Terms used in the equations in ported by Independent Commercial Im- this paragraph (e) are defined as fol- porters may use the derived 5-cycle lows: method for determining fuel economy label values whether or not the criteria Bag Y CREEX = the carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile provided in this section are met. Manu- during bag Y of the FTP test con- facturers may alternatively account for this effect by multiplying 2-cycle ducted at an ambient temperature fuel economy values by 0.7 and dividing X of 75 °F or 20 °F.US06 City CREE 2-cycle CO2 emission values by 0.7. = carbon-related exhaust emissions (a) City fuel economy criterion. (1) For in grams per mile over the City each test group certified for emission portion of the US06 test. compliance under § 86.1848 of this chap- SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust ter, the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and emissions in grams per mile over Cold FTP tests determined to be offi- the SC03 test. cial under § 86.1835 of this chapter are US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related used to calculate the vehicle-specific 5- exhaust emissions in grams per cycle city fuel economy which is then mile over the Highway portion of compared to the derived 5-cycle city the US06 test. fuel economy, as follows: HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust (i) The vehicle-specific 5-cycle city emissions in grams per mile over fuel economy from the official FTP, the HFET test. HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests for the test group is determined ac- Bag X/Y CREE75 = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile cording to the provisions of § 600.114– of fuel during combined phases X 08(a) or (c) or § 600.114–12(a) or (c) and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a and Y of the FTP test conducted at mile per gallon. an ambient temperature of 75 °F. (ii) Using the same FTP data as used [76 FR 39538, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, FR 57379, Sept. 15, 2011] the corresponding derived 5-cycle city fuel economy is calculated according to the following equation:

908

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Where: model types represented by the test City Intercept = Intercept determined by the group are likewise not allowed to be Administrator. See § 600.210–08(a)(2)(iii) or determined using the derived 5-cycle § 600.210–12(a)(2)(iii). method, and must be determined ac- City Slope = Slope determined by the Ad- ministrator. See § 600.210–08(a)(2)(iii) or cording to the vehicle-specific 5-cycle § 600.210–12(a)(2)(ii). method specified in § 600.210–08(a)(1) or FTP FE = the FTP-based city fuel economy (b)(1) or § 600.210–12(a)(1) or (b)(1), as ap- from the official test used for certifi- plicable. cation compliance, determined under (2) If the city determination made in § 600.113–08(a), rounded to the nearest paragraph (a)(3) of this section allows tenth. the use of the derived 5-cycle method, a (2) The derived 5-cycle fuel economy separate determination is made for the value determined in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) highway fuel economy labeling method of this section is multiplied by 0.96 and as follows: rounded to the nearest one tenth of a (i) For each test group certified for mile per gallon. emission compliance under § 86.1848 of (3) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle city this chapter, the FTP, HFET, US06, fuel economy determined in paragraph SC03 and Cold FTP tests determined to (a)(1)(i) of this section is greater than be official under § 86.1835 of this chapter or equal to the value determined in are used to calculate the vehicle-spe- paragraph (a)(2) of this section, then cific 5-cycle highway fuel economy, the manufacturer may base the city which is then compared to the derived fuel economy estimates for the model types covered by the test group on the 5-cycle highway fuel economy, as fol- derived 5-cycle method specified in lows: § 600.210–08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or § 600.210– (A) The vehicle-specific 5-cycle high- 12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable. way fuel economy from the official (b) Highway fuel economy criterion. FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP The determination for highway fuel tests for the test group is determined economy depends upon the outcome of according to the provisions of § 600.114– the determination for city fuel econ- 08(b)(1) or § 600.114–12(b)(1) and rounded omy in paragraph (a)(3) of this section to the nearest one tenth of a mile per for each test group. gallon. (1) If the city determination for a (B) Using the same HFET data as test group made in paragraph (a)(3) of used in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this this section does not allow the use of section, the corresponding derived 5- the derived 5-cycle method, then the cycle highway fuel economy is cal- highway fuel economy values for all culated using the following equation:

Where: Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Highway Intercept = Intercept determined Administrator. See § 600.210–08(a)(2)(iii) by the Administrator. See § 600.210– or § 600.210–12(a)(2)(iii). 08(a)(2)(iii) or § 600.210–12(a)(2)(iii).

909

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HFET FE = the HFET-based highway fuel cle’s maximum speed is determined, to economy determined under § 600.113–08(b), the nearest 0.1 mph, from observing the rounded to the nearest tenth. highest speed over the first duty cycle (ii) The derived 5-cycle highway fuel (FTP, HFET, etc.): economy calculated in paragraph (i) If the vehicle can follow the driv- (b)(2)(i)(B) of this section is multiplied ing schedule within the speed toler- by 0.95 and rounded to the nearest one ances specified in § 86.115 of this chap- tenth of a mile per gallon. ter up to its maximum speed, the end- (iii) (A) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle of-test criterion is based on the point highway fuel economy of the vehicle at which the vehicle can no longer tested in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this meet the specified speed tolerances up section is greater than or equal to the to and including its maximum speed. value determined in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) (ii) If the vehicle cannot follow the of this section, then the manufacturer driving schedule within the speed toler- may base the highway fuel economy es- ances specified in § 86.115 of this chap- timates for the model types covered by ter up to its maximum speed, the end- the test group on the derived 5-cycle of-test criterion is based on the fol- method specified in § 600.210–08(a)(2) or lowing procedure: (b)(2) or § 600.210–12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as ap- (A) Measure and record the vehicle’s plicable. speed (to the nearest 0.1 mph) while (B) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle making a best effort to follow the spec- highway fuel economy determined in ified driving schedule. paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section is (B) This recorded sequence of driving less than the value determined in para- speeds becomes the driving schedule graph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, the man- for the test vehicle. Apply the end-of- ufacturer may determine the highway test criterion based on the point at fuel economy for the model types cov- which the vehicle can no longer meet ered by the test group on the modified the specified speed tolerances over this 5-cycle equation specified in § 600.114– new driving schedule. The driving to 08(b)(2) or § 600.114–12(b)(2). (c) The manufacturer will apply the establish the new driving schedule may criteria in paragraph (a) and (b) of this be done separately, or as part of the section to every test group for each measurement procedure. model year. (2) Soak time between repeat duty (d) The tests used to make the eval- cycles (four-bag FTP, HFET, etc.) may uations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this be up to 30 minutes. No recharging may section will be the procedures for offi- occur during the soak time. cial test determinations under § 86.1835. (3) Recharging the vehicle’s battery Adjustments and/or substitutions to must start within three hours after the the official test data may be made with end of testing. advance approval of the Administrator. (4) Do not apply the C coefficient adjustment specified in Section 4.4.2. [76 FR 39547, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011] (5) We may approve alternate measurement procedures with respect to § 600.116–12 Special procedures re- electric vehicles if they are necessary lated to electric vehicles and hybrid or appropriate for meeting the objec- electric vehicles. tives of this part. For example, we may (a) Determine fuel economy values approve the use of an earlier version of for electric vehicles as specified in SAE J1634 for carryover vehicles, or if §§ 600.210 and 600.311 using the proce- you show that it is equivalent for your dures of SAE J1634 (incorporated by vehicle. reference in § 600.011), with the fol- (6) All label values related to fuel lowing clarifications and modifica- economy, energy consumption, and tions: range must be based on 5-cycle testing (1) Use one of the following ap- or on values adjusted to be equivalent proaches to define end-of-test criteria to 5-cycle results. for vehicles whose maximum speed is (b) Determine performance values for less than the maximum speed specified hybrid electric vehicles that have no in the driving schedule, where the vehi- plug-in capability as specified in

910

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§§ 600.210 and 600.311 using the proce- TABLE 1 OF § 600.116–12—FLEET UTILITY FAC- dures for charge-sustaining operation TORS FOR URBAN ‘‘CITY’’ DRIVING—Contin- from SAE J1711 (incorporated by ref- ued erence in § 600.011). We may approve al- Schedule range for UDDS Cumulative Sequential ternate measurement procedures with phases, miles UF UF respect to these vehicles if that is necessary or appropriate for meeting the 22.35 ...... 0.563 0.066 25.94 ...... 0.616 0.053 objectives of this part. For example, we 29.80 ...... 0.666 0.049 may approve alternate Net Energy 33.39 ...... 0.705 0.040 Change tolerances for charge-sus- 37.25 ...... 0.742 0.037 taining operation as described in para- 40.84 ...... 0.772 0.030 44.70 ...... 0.800 0.028 graph (c)(5) of this section. 48.29 ...... 0.822 0.022 (c) Determine performance values for 52.15 ...... 0.843 0.021 hybrid electric vehicles that have plug- 55.74 ...... 0.859 0.017 in capability as specified in §§ 600.210 59.60 ...... 0.875 0.016 63.19 ...... 0.888 0.013 and 600.311 using the procedures of SAE 67.05 ...... 0.900 0.012 J1711 (incorporated by reference in 70.64 ...... 0.909 0.010 § 600.011), with the following clarifications and modifications: TABLE 2 OF § 600.116–12—FLEET UTILITY (1) To determine fuel economy and FACTORS FOR HIGHWAY DRIVING CREE values to demonstrate compliance with CAFE and GHG standards, Schedule range for HFET, miles Cumulative Sequential calculate composite values rep- UF UF resenting combined operation during 10.3 ...... 0.123 0.123 charge-depleting and charge-sustaining 20.6 ...... 0.240 0.117 30.9 ...... 0.345 0.105 operation using the following utility 41.2 ...... 0.437 0.092 factors except as specified in this para- 51.5 ...... 0.516 0.079 graph (c): 61.8 ...... 0.583 0.067 72.1 ...... 0.639 0.056 TABLE 1 OF § 600.116–12—FLEET UTILITY FACTORS FOR URBAN ‘‘CITY’’ DRIVING (2) To determine fuel economy and CO2 emission values for labeling pur- Schedule range for UDDS Cumulative Sequential poses, calculate composite values rep- phases, miles UF UF resenting combined operation during 3.59 ...... 0.125 0.125 charge-depleting and charge-sustaining 7.45 ...... 0.243 0.117 operation using the following utility 11.04 ...... 0.338 0.095 14.90 ...... 0.426 0.088 factors except as specified in this para- 18.49 ...... 0.497 0.071 graph (c):

TABLE 3 OF § 600.116–12—MULTI-DAY INDIVIDUAL UTILITY FACTORS FOR URBAN ‘‘CITY’’ DRIVING

Equivalent Schedule range for UDDS phases, miles 5-cycle dis- Cumulative Sequential tance, miles UF UF

3.59 ...... 2.51 0.08 0.08 7.45 ...... 5.22 0.15 0.08 11.04 ...... 7.73 0.22 0.06 14.90 ...... 10.43 0.28 0.06 18.49 ...... 12.94 0.33 0.05 22.35 ...... 15.65 0.38 0.05 25.94 ...... 18.16 0.43 0.04 29.80 ...... 20.86 0.47 0.04 33.39 ...... 23.37 0.50 0.04 37.25 ...... 26.08 0.54 0.04 40.84 ...... 28.59 0.57 0.03 44.70 ...... 31.29 0.60 0.03 48.29 ...... 33.80 0.62 0.02 52.15 ...... 36.51 0.65 0.02 55.74 ...... 39.02 0.67 0.02 59.60 ...... 41.72 0.69 0.02 63.19 ...... 44.23 0.71 0.02 67.05 ...... 46.94 0.72 0.02 70.64 ...... 49.45 0.74 0.01 74.50 ...... 52.15 0.75 0.01 78.09 ...... 54.66 0.78 0.03

911

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TABLE 3 OF § 600.116–12—MULTI-DAY INDIVIDUAL UTILITY FACTORS FOR URBAN ‘‘CITY’’ DRIVING— Continued

Equivalent Schedule range for UDDS phases, miles 5-cycle dis- Cumulative Sequential tance, miles UF UF

81.95 ...... 57.37 0.79 0.01 85.54 ...... 59.88 0.80 0.01 89.40 ...... 62.58 0.81 0.01 92.99 ...... 65.09 0.82 0.01

TABLE 4 OF § 600.116–12—MULTI-DAY INDIVIDUAL UTILITY FACTORS FOR HIGHWAY DRIVING

Equivalent Schedule range for HFET phases, miles 5-cycle dis- Cumulative Sequential tance, miles UF UF

10.30 ...... 7.21 0.21 0.21 20.60 ...... 14.42 0.36 0.16 30.90 ...... 21.63 0.48 0.12 41.20 ...... 28.84 0.57 0.09 51.50 ...... 36.05 0.64 0.07 61.80 ...... 43.26 0.70 0.06 72.10 ...... 50.47 0.75 0.04 82.40 ...... 57.68 0.78 0.04 92.70 ...... 64.89 0.81 0.03 103.00 ...... 72.10 0.83 0.02 113.30 ...... 79.31 0.85 0.02

(3) You may calculate performance (4) Instead of the utility factors spec- values under paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) ified in paragraphs (b)(1) and (2) of this of this section by combining phases section, calculate utility factors using during FTP testing. For example, you the following equation for vehicles may treat the first 7.45 miles as a sin- whose maximum speed is less than the gle phase by adding the individual util- maximum speed specified in the driv- ity factors for that portion of driving ing schedule, where the vehicle’s max- and assigning emission levels to the imum speed is determined, to the near- combined phase. Do this consistently est 0.1 mph, from observing the highest throughout a test run. speed over the first duty cycle (FTP, HFET, etc.):

Where: TABLE 5 OF § 600.116–12—CITY/HIGHWAY

UFi = the utility factor for phase i. Let UF0 SPECIFIC UTILITY FACTOR COEFFICIENTS = 0. Fleet values for CAFE Multi-day in- j = a counter to identify the appropriate and GHG values dividual term in the summation (with terms num- value for la- bered consecutively). Coefficient beling k = the number of terms in the equation (see City Highway City or high- Table 3 of this section). way di = the distance driven in phase i. 1 ...... 14.86 4.8 13.1 ND = the normalized distance. Use 399 for 2 ...... 2.965 13 ¥18.7 both FTP and HFET operation. 3 ...... ¥84.05 ¥65 5.22 C = the coefficient for term j from the fol- 4 ...... 153.7 120 8.15 j 5 ...... ¥43.59 ¥100.00 3.53 lowing table: 6 ...... ¥96.94 31.00 ¥1.34 7 ...... 14.47 ...... ¥4.01

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TABLE 5 OF § 600.116–12—CITY/HIGHWAY SPE- Position the measurement appro- CIFIC UTILITY FACTOR COEFFICIENTS—Contin- priately to account for any losses in ued the charging system. (8) We may approve alternate meas- Fleet values for CAFE Multi-day in- and GHG values dividual urement procedures with respect to value for la- plug-in hybrid electric vehicles if they Coefficient beling are necessary or appropriate for meet- City Highway City or high- ing the objectives of this part. way (9) The utility factors described in 8 ...... 91.70 ...... ¥3.90 this paragraph (c) are derived from 9 ...... ¥46.36 ...... ¥1.15 equations in SAE J2841. You may alter- 10 ...... 3.88 natively calculate utility factors di- n = the number of test phases (or bag meas- rectly from the corresponding equa- urements) before the vehicle reaches the tions in SAE J2841. end-of-test criterion. (d) Determining the proportion of recov- (5) The End-of-Test criterion is based ered energy for hybrid electric vehicles. on a 1 percent Net Energy Change as Testing of hybrid electric vehicles specified in Section 3.8 of SAE J1711. under this part may include a deter- We may approve alternate Net Energy mination of the proportion of energy Change tolerances as specified in Sec- recovered over the FTP relative to the tion 3.9.1 of SAE J1711 for charge-de- total available braking energy required pleting tests or Appendix C of SAE over the FTP. This determination is re- J1711 for charge-sustaining tests if the quired for pickup trucks accruing cred- 1 percent threshold is insufficient or its for implementation of hybrid tech- inappropriate. For charge-sustaining nology under § 86.1870–12, and requires tests, we may approve the use of alter- the measurement of electrical current nate Net Energy Change tolerances as (in amps) flowing into the hybrid sys- specified in Appendix C of SAE J1711 to tem battery for the duration of the test. Hybrid electric vehicles are tested correct final fuel economy values, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust for fuel economy and GHG emissions emissions. For charge-sustaining tests, using the 4-bag FTP as required by do not use alternate Net Energy § 600.114(c). Alternative measurement Change tolerances to correct emissions and calculation methods may be used of criteria pollutants. Additionally, if with prior EPA approval. we approve an alternate End-of-Test (1) Calculate the theoretical max- criterion or Net Energy Change toler- imum amount of energy that could be ances for a specific vehicle, we may use recovered by a hybrid electric vehicle the alternate criterion or tolerances over the FTP test cycle, where the test for any testing we conduct on that ve- cycle time and velocity points are ex- hicle. pressed at 10 Hz, and the velocity (6) Use the vehicle’s Actual Charge- (miles/hour) is expressed to the nearest Depleting Range, Rcda, as specified in 0.01 miles/hour, as follows: Section 6.1.3 for evaluating the end-of- (i) For each time point in the 10 Hz test criterion. test cycle (i.e., at each 0.1 seconds): (7) Measure and record AC watt-hours (A) Determine the road load power in throughout the recharging procedure. kilowatts using the following equation:

Where: A, B, and C are the vehicle-specific dyna- P is the road load power in kilowatts, mometer road load coefficients in lb- roadload 2 where road load is negative because it al- force, lb-force/mph, and lb-force/mph , respectively; ways represents a deceleration (i.e., resis- V = velocity in miles/hour, expressed to tive) force on the vehicle; mph the nearest 0.01 miles/hour;

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0.44704 converts speed from miles/hour to me- (B) Determine the applied decelera- ters/second; tion power at each sampling point in 4.448 converts pound force to Newtons; and time, t, in kilowatts, using the fol- 1,000 converts power from Watts to kilo- lowing equation. Positive values indi- watts. cate acceleration and negative values indicate deceleration.

Where: 0.44704 converts speed from miles/hour to me- ETW = the vehicle Equivalent Test Weight ters/second; (lbs); 2.205 converts weight from pounds to kilograms; and Vt = velocity in miles/hour, rounded to the nearest 0.01 miles/hour, at each sampling 1,000 converts power from Watts to kilo- point; watts. Vt-1 = the velocity in miles/hour at the pre- (C) Determine braking power in kilo- vious time point in the 10 Hz speed vs. time table, rounded to the nearest 0.01 watts using the following equation. miles/hour; Note that during braking events, Pbrake, 0.1 represents the time in seconds between Paccel, and Proadload will all be negative each successive velocity data point; (i.e., resistive) forces on the vehicle.

Where: (2) Calculate the actual amount of

Paccel = the value determined in paragraph energy recovered (Erec) by a hybrid (c)(1)(i)(B) of this section; electric vehicle when tested on the Proadload = the value determined in paragraph FTP according to the provisions of this (c)(1)(i)(A) of this section; and part, as follows: Pbrake = 0 if Paccel is greater than or equal to (i) Measure the electrical current in Proadload. Amps to and from the hybrid electric (ii) The total maximum braking en- vehicle battery during the FTP. Meas- ergy (Ebrake) that could theoretically be urements should be made directly up- recovered is equal to the absolute value stream of the battery at a 10 Hz sam- of the sum of all the values of Pbrake de- pling rate. termined in paragraph (c)(1)(i)(C) of (ii) At each sampling point where this section, divided by 36000 (to con- current is flowing into the battery, cal- vert 10 Hz data to hours) and rounded culate the current flowing into the bat- to the nearest 0.01 kilowatt hours. tery, in Watt-hours, as follows:

Where: Vnominal = the nominal voltage of the hybrid battery system determined according to Et = the current flowing into the battery, in Watt-hours, at time t in the test; paragraph (c)(4) of this section. I = the electrical current, in Amps, at time t (iii) The total energy recovered (Erec) t in the test; and is the absolute value of the sum of all values of Et that represent current 914

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flowing into the battery, divided by the total available energy is deter- 1000 (to convert Watt-hours to kilo- mined by the following equation, watt-hours). rounded to the nearest one percent: (3) The percent of braking energy recovered by a hybrid system relative to

Where: recovered by a hybrid electric vehicle

Erec = The actual total energy recovered, in over the FTP test cycle, as determined in kilowatt hours, as determined in para- paragraph (c)(1) of this section. graph (c)(2) of this section; and (4)(i) Determination nominal voltage Ebrake = The theoretical maximum amount of energy, in kilowatt hours, that could be (Vnominal) using the following equation:

Where: (a) Except as specified in paragraph

VS is the battery voltage measured at the (e) of this section, manufacturers must start of the FTP test, where the meas- demonstrate compliance with green- urement is made after the key-on event house gas emission standards and de- but not later than 10 seconds after the termine fuel economy values using E0 key-on event; and gasoline test fuel as specified in 40 CFR VF is the battery voltage measured at the 86.113–04(a)(1), regardless of any testing conclusion of the FTP test, where the measurement is made before the key-off with Tier 3 test fuel under paragraph event but not earlier than 10 seconds (b) of this section. prior to the key-off event. (b) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles comply with Tier 3 emis- (ii) If the absolute value of the meas- sion standards as specified in 40 CFR ured current to and from the battery part 86, subpart S, during fuel economy during the measurement of either VS or measurements using the E0 gasoline VF exceeds three percent of the max- test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113– imum absolute value of the current 04(a)(1), as long as this test fuel is used measured over the FTP, then that VS in fuel economy testing for all applica- or VF value is not valid. If no valid ble duty cycles specified in 40 CFR part voltage measurement can be made 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails to meet using this method, the manufacturer a Tier 3 emission standard using the E0 must develop an alternative method of gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR determining nominal voltage. The al- 86.113–04(a)(1), the manufacturer must ternative must be developed using good retest the vehicle using the Tier 3 test engineering judgment and is subject to fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or EPA approval. the equivalent LEV III test fuel for [76 FR 39548, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 California) to demonstrate compliance FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63182, Oct. 15, with all applicable emission standards 2012; 79 FR 23747, Apr. 28, 2014; 80 FR 9111, over that test cycle. Feb. 19, 2015] (c) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission standards for § 600.117 Interim provisions. criteria pollutants over all five test cy- The following provisions apply in- cles using the Tier 3 test fuel specified stead of other provisions specified in in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent this part through model year 2019: LEV III test fuel for California), the

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manufacturer may use test data with will determine miles per kilogram of the same test fuel to determine wheth- hydrogen. er a test group meets the criteria de- (1) If only one set of FTP-based city scribed in § 600.115 for derived 5-cycle and HFET-based highway fuel economy testing for fuel economy labeling. Such values is accepted for a vehicle con- vehicles may be tested over the FTP figuration, these values, rounded to the and HFET cycles with the E0 gasoline nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, com- test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113– prise the city and highway fuel econ- 04(a)(1) under this paragraph (c); the omy values for that configuration. If vehicles must meet the Tier 3 emission only one set of FTP-based city and standards over those test cycles as de- HFET-based highway CO2 emissions scribed in paragraph (b) of this section. and carbon-related exhaust emission (d) Manufacturers may perform test- values is accepted for a vehicle con- ing with the appropriate gasoline test figuration, these values, rounded to the fuels specified in 40 CFR 86.113–04(a)(1), nearest gram per mile, comprise the 40 CFR 86.213(a)(2), and in 40 CFR city and highway CO2 emissions and 1065.710(b) to evaluate whether their carbon-related exhaust emission values vehicles meet the criteria for derived 5- for that configuration. cycle testing under 40 CFR 600.115. All (2) If more than one set of FTP-based five tests must use test fuel with the city and HFET-based highway fuel same nominal ethanol concentration. economy and/or carbon-related exhaust (e) For IUVP testing under § 86.1845, emission values are accepted for a ve- manufacturers may demonstrate com- hicle configuration: pliance with greenhouse gas emission (i) All data shall be grouped accord- standards using a test fuel meeting ing to the subconfiguration for which specifications for demonstrating com- the data were generated using sales pliance with emission standards for cri- projections supplied in accordance with teria pollutants. § 600.208–12(a)(3). [79 FR 23747, Apr. 28, 2014, as amended at 80 (ii) Within each group of data, all FR 9111, Feb. 19, 2015] fuel economy values are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest Subpart C—Procedures for Calcu- 0.0001 of a mile per gallon and all CO2 lating Fuel Economy and Car- emissions and carbon-related exhaust bon-Related Exhaust Emission emission values are arithmetically Values averaged and rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram per mile in order to de- § 600.206–12 Calculation and use of termine FTP-based city and HFET- FTP-based and HFET-based fuel based highway fuel economy, CO2 emis- economy, CO 2 emissions, and car- sions, and carbon-related exhaust emis- bon-related exhaust emission values sion values for each subconfiguration for vehicle configurations. at which the vehicle configuration was (a) Fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and tested. carbon-related exhaust emissions val- (iii) All FTP-based city fuel econ- ues determined for each vehicle under omy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related § 600.113–08(a) and (b) and as approved in exhaust emission values and all HFET- § 600.008 (c), are used to determine FTP- based highway fuel economy and car- based city, HFET-based highway, and bon-related exhaust emission values combined FTP/Highway-based fuel calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon- section are (separately for city and related exhaust emission values for highway) averaged in proportion to the each vehicle configuration for which sales fraction (rounded to the nearest data are available. Note that fuel econ- 0.0001) within the vehicle configuration omy for some alternative fuel vehicles (as provided to the Administrator by may mean miles per gasoline gallon the manufacturer) of vehicles of each equivalent and/or miles per unit of fuel tested subconfiguration. Fuel economy consumed. For example, electric vehi- values shall be harmonically averaged, cles will determine miles per kilowatt- and CO2 emissions and carbon-related hour in addition to miles per gasoline exhaust emission values shall be gallon equivalent, and fuel cell vehicles arithmetically averaged. The resultant

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fuel economy values, rounded to the value, rounded to the nearest tenth of nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the a mile per gallon, will comprise the pe- FTP-based city and HFET-based high- troleum-based fuel economy for that way fuel economy values for the vehi- configuration. cle configuration. The resultant CO2 (c) If more than one equivalent petro- emissions and carbon-related exhaust leum-based fuel economy value exists emission values, rounded to the nearest for an electric vehicle configuration, tenth of a gram per mile, are the FTP- all values for that vehicle configura- based city and HFET-based highway tion are harmonically averaged and CO2 emissions and carbon-related ex- rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per haust emission values for the vehicle gallon for that configuration. configuration. (3)(i) For the purpose of determining [76 FR 39551, July 6, 2011] average fuel economy under § 600.510, the combined fuel economy value for a § 600.207–12 Calculation and use of vehicle-specific 5-cycle-based fuel vehicle configuration is calculated by economy and CO 2 emission values harmonically averaging the FTP-based for vehicle configurations. city and HFET-based highway fuel economy values, as determined in para- (a) Fuel economy and CO2 emission graph (a)(1) or (2) of this section, values determined for each vehicle weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and under § 600.114 and as approved in rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per § 600.008(c), are used to determine vehi- gallon. A sample of this calculation ap- cle-specific 5-cycle city and highway pears in Appendix II of this part. fuel economy and CO2 emission values (ii) For the purpose of determining for each vehicle configuration for average carbon-related exhaust emis- which data are available. sions under § 600.510, the combined car- (1) If only one set of 5-cycle city and bon-related exhaust emission value for highway fuel economy and CO2 emis- a vehicle configuration is calculated by sion values is accepted for a vehicle arithmetically averaging the FTP- configuration, these values, where fuel based city and HFET-based highway economy is rounded to the nearest carbon-related exhaust emission val- 0.0001 of a mile per gallon and the CO2 ues, as determined in paragraph (a)(1) emission value in grams per mile is or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and rounded to the nearest tenth of a gram 0.45 respectively, and rounded to the per mile, comprise the city and high- nearest tenth of gram per mile. way fuel economy and CO2 emission (4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles values for that configuration. and natural gas dual fuel automobiles (2) If more than one set of 5-cycle the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) or city and highway fuel economy and CO2 (2) of this section, as applicable, shall emission values are accepted for a ve- be used to calculate two separate sets hicle configuration: of FTP-based city, HFET-based high- (i) All data shall be grouped accord- way, and combined values for fuel ing to the subconfiguration for which economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon- the data were generated using sales related exhaust emissions for each con- projections supplied in accordance with figuration. § 600.209–12(a)(3). (i) Calculate the city, highway, and (ii) Within each subconfiguration of combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, data, all fuel economy values are har- and carbon-related exhaust emission monically averaged and rounded to the values from the tests performed using nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon in gasoline or diesel test fuel. order to determine 5-cycle city and (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and highway fuel economy values for each combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, subconfiguration at which the vehicle and carbon-related exhaust emission configuration was tested, and all CO2 values from the tests performed using emissions values are arithmetically alcohol or natural gas test fuel. averaged and rounded to the nearest (b) If only one equivalent petroleum- tenth of gram per mile to determine 5- based fuel economy value exists for an cycle city and highway CO2 emission electric vehicle configuration, that values for each subconfiguration at

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which the vehicle configuration was (c) If more than one equivalent petro- tested. leum-based 5-cycle fuel economy value (iii) All 5-cycle city fuel economy exists for an electric vehicle configura- values and all 5-cycle highway fuel tion, all values for that vehicle con- economy values calculated in para- figuration are harmonically averaged graph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are (sepa- and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile rately for city and highway) averaged per gallon for that configuration. in proportion to the sales fraction [76 FR 39551, July 6, 2011] (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle configuration (as provided § 600.208–12 Calculation of FTP-based to the Administrator by the manufac- and HFET-based fuel economy, CO 2 turer) of vehicles of each tested sub- emissions, and carbon-related ex- configuration. The resultant values, haust emissions for a model type. rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per (a) Fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and gallon, are the 5-cycle city and 5-cycle carbon-related exhaust emissions for a highway fuel economy values for the base level are calculated from vehicle vehicle configuration. configuration fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related exhaust emis- (iv) All 5-cycle city CO2 emission val- sions as determined in § 600.206–12(a), ues and all 5-cycle highway CO2 emission values calculated in paragraph (b), or (c) as applicable, for low-alti- (a)(2)(ii) of this section are (separately tude tests. for city and highway) averaged in pro- (1) If the Administrator determines portion to the sales fraction (rounded that automobiles intended for sale in to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle the State of California and in section configuration (as provided to the Ad- 177 states are likely to exhibit signifi- ministrator by the manufacturer) of cant differences in fuel economy, CO2 vehicles of each tested subconfigura- emissions, and carbon-related exhaust tion. The resultant values, rounded to emissions from those intended for sale the nearest 0.1 grams per mile, are the in other states, she will calculate fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and carbon- 5-cycle city and 5-cycle highway CO2 emission values for the vehicle configu- related exhaust emissions for each base ration. level for vehicles intended for sale in California and in section 177 states and (3) [Reserved] for each base level for vehicles in- (4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles tended for sale in the rest of the states. and natural gas dual fuel automobiles (2) In order to highlight the fuel effi- the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) and ciency, CO2 emissions, and carbon-re- (2) of this section shall be used to cal- lated exhaust emissions of certain de- culate two separate sets of 5-cycle city signs otherwise included within a and highway fuel economy and CO2 model type, a manufacturer may wish emission values for each configuration. to subdivide a model type into one or (i) Calculate the 5-cycle city and more additional model types. This is highway fuel economy and CO2 emis- accomplished by separating sub- sion values from the tests performed configurations from an existing base using gasoline or diesel test fuel. level and placing them into a new base (ii) Calculate the 5-cycle city and level. The new base level is identical to highway fuel economy and CO2 emis- the existing base level except that it sion values from the tests performed shall be considered, for the purposes of using alcohol or natural gas test fuel, this paragraph, as containing a new if 5-cycle testing has been performed. basic engine. The manufacturer will be Otherwise, the procedure in § 600.210– permitted to designate such new basic 12(a)(3) or (b)(3) applies. engines and base level(s) if: (b) If only one equivalent petroleum- (i) Each additional model type result- based fuel economy value exists for an ing from division of another model electric configuration, that value, type has a unique car line name and rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile that name appears on the label and on per gallon, will comprise the petro- the vehicle bearing that label; leum-based 5-cycle fuel economy for (ii) The subconfigurations included in that configuration. the new base levels are not included in

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any other base level which differs only exhaust emission value rounded to the by basic engine (i.e., they are not in- nearest tenth of a gram per mile. cluded in the calculation of the origi- (5) The procedure specified in para- nal base level fuel economy values); graph (a)(1) through (4) of this section and will be repeated for each base level, (iii) All subconfigurations within the thus establishing city, highway, and new base level are represented by test combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, data in accordance with and carbon-related exhaust emissions § 600.010(c)(1)(ii). for each base level. (3) The manufacturer shall supply (6) [Reserved] total model year sales projections for (7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles each car line/vehicle subconfiguration and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, combination. the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) (i) Sales projections must be supplied through (6) of this section shall be used separately for each car line-vehicle to calculate two separate sets of city, subconfiguration intended for sale in highway, and combined fuel economy, California and each car line/vehicle CO2 emissions, and carbon-related ex- subconfiguration intended for sale in haust emissions for each base level. the rest of the states if required by the (i) Calculate the city, highway, and Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, of this section. and carbon-related exhaust emissions (ii) Manufacturers shall update sales from the tests performed using gaso- projections at the time any model type line or diesel test fuel. value is calculated for a label value. (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and (iii) The provisions of paragraph combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, (a)(3) of this section may be satisfied and carbon-related exhaust emissions by providing an amended application from the tests performed using alcohol for certification, as described in or natural gas test fuel. § 86.1844 of this chapter. (b) For each model type, as deter- (4) Vehicle configuration fuel econ- mined by the Administrator, a city, omy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related highway, and combined fuel economy exhaust emissions, as determined in value, CO2 emission value, and a car- § 600.206–12(a), (b) or (c), as applicable, bon-related exhaust emission value are grouped according to base level. will be calculated by using the pro- (i) If only one vehicle configuration jected sales and values for fuel econ- within a base level has been tested, the omy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related fuel economy, CO2 emissions, and car- exhaust emissions for each base level bon-related exhaust emissions from within the model type. Separate model that vehicle configuration will con- type calculations will be done based on stitute the fuel economy, CO2 emis- the vehicle configuration fuel econ- sions, and carbon-related exhaust emis- omy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related sions for that base level. exhaust emissions as determined in (ii) If more than one vehicle configu- § 600.206–12(a), (b) or (c), as applicable. ration within a base level has been (1) If the Administrator determines tested, the vehicle configuration fuel that automobiles intended for sale in economy values are harmonically aver- the State of California and in section aged in proportion to the respective 177 states are likely to exhibit signifi- sales fraction (rounded to the nearest cant differences in fuel economy, CO2 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration emissions, and carbon-related exhaust and the resultant fuel economy value emissions from those intended for sale rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per in other states, he or she will calculate gallon; and the vehicle configuration values for fuel economy, CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions and carbon-related ex- and carbon-related exhaust emissions haust emissions are arithmetically for each model type for vehicles in- averaged in proportion to the respec- tended for sale in California and in sec- tive sales fraction (rounded to the tion 177 states and for each model type nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configu- for vehicles intended for sale in the ration and the resultant carbon-related rest of the states.

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(2) The sales fraction for each base values from the tests performed using level is calculated by dividing the pro- gasoline or diesel test fuel. jected sales of the base level within the (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and model type by the projected sales of combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, the model type and rounding the and carbon-related exhaust emission quotient to the nearest 0.0001. values from the tests performed using (3)(i) The FTP-based city fuel econ- alcohol or natural gas test fuel. omy values of the model type (cal- [76 FR 39552, July 6, 2011] culated to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one by a sum of § 600.209–12 Calculation of vehicle-spe- terms, each of which corresponds to a cific 5-cycle fuel economy and CO 2 base level and which is a fraction de- emission values for a model type. termined by dividing: (a) Base level. 5-cycle fuel economy (A) The sales fraction of a base level; and CO2 emission values for a base by level are calculated from vehicle con- (B) The FTP-based city fuel economy figuration 5-cycle fuel economy and value for the respective base level. CO2 emission values as determined in (ii) The FTP-based city carbon-re- § 600.207 for low-altitude tests. lated exhaust emission value of the (1) If the Administrator determines model type (calculated to the nearest that automobiles intended for sale in gram per mile) are determined by a the State of California are likely to ex- sum of terms, each of which cor- hibit significant differences in fuel responds to a base level and which is a economy and CO2 emissions from those product determined by multiplying: intended for sale in other states, he (A) The sales fraction of a base level; will calculate fuel economy and CO2 by emission values for each base level for (B) The FTP-based city carbon-re- vehicles intended for sale in California lated exhaust emission value for the re- and for each base level for vehicles in- spective base level. tended for sale in the rest of the states. (iii) The FTP-based city CO2 emis- (2) In order to highlight the fuel effi- sions of the model type (calculated to ciency and CO2 emissions of certain de- the nearest gram per mile) are deter- signs otherwise included within a mined by a sum of terms, each of which model type, a manufacturer may wish corresponds to a base level and which to subdivide a model type into one or is a product determined by multi- more additional model types. This is plying: accomplished by separating sub- (A) The sales fraction of a base level; configurations from an existing base by level and placing them into a new base (B) The FTP-based city CO2 emis- level. The new base level is identical to sions for the respective base level. the existing base level except that it (4) The procedure specified in para- shall be considered, for the purposes of graph (b)(3) of this section is repeated this paragraph, as containing a new in an analogous manner to determine basic engine. The manufacturer will be the highway and combined fuel econ- permitted to designate such new basic omy, CO2 emissions, and carbon-related engines and base level(s) if: exhaust emissions for the model type. (i) Each additional model type result- (5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles ing from division of another model and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, type has a unique car line name and the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) that name appears on the label and on through (4) of this section shall be used the vehicle bearing that label; to calculate two separate sets of city, (ii) The subconfigurations included in highway, and combined fuel economy the new base levels are not included in values and two separate sets of city, any other base level which differs only highway, and combined CO2 and car- by basic engine (i.e., they are not in- bon-related exhaust emission values for cluded in the calculation of the origi- each model type. nal base level fuel economy values); (i) Calculate the city, highway, and and combined fuel economy, CO2 emissions, (iii) All subconfigurations within the and carbon-related exhaust emission new base level are represented by test

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data in accordance with (7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles § 600.010(c)(i)(ii). and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, (3) The manufacturer shall supply the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) total model year sales projections for through (6) of this section shall be used each car line/vehicle subconfiguration to calculate two separate sets of city, combination. highway, and combined fuel economy (i) Sales projections must be supplied and CO2 emission values for each base separately for each car line-vehicle level. subconfiguration intended for sale in (i) Calculate the city and highway California and each car line/vehicle fuel economy and CO2 emission values subconfiguration intended for sale in from the tests performed using gaso- the rest of the states if required by the line or diesel test fuel. Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) (ii) If 5-cycle testing was performed of this section. on the alcohol or natural gas test fuel, (ii) Manufacturers shall update sales calculate the city and highway fuel projections at the time any model type economy and CO2 emission values from value is calculated for a label value. the tests performed using alcohol or (iii) The provisions of this paragraph natural gas test fuel. (a)(3) may be satisfied by providing an (b) Model type. For each model type, amended application for certification, as determined by the Administrator, as described in § 86.1844 of this chapter. city and highway fuel economy and CO2 (4) 5-cycle vehicle configuration fuel emissions values will be calculated by economy and CO2 emission values, as using the projected sales and fuel econ- determined in § 600.207–12(a), (b), or (c), omy and CO2 emission values for each as applicable, are grouped according to base level within the model type. Sepa- base level. rate model type calculations will be (i) If only one vehicle configuration done based on the vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the fuel economy and CO2 emission values fuel economy and CO2 emission values as determined in § 600.207, as applicable. from that vehicle configuration con- (1) If the Administrator determines stitute the fuel economy and CO emis- 2 that automobiles intended for sale in sion values for that base level. the State of California are likely to ex- (ii) If more than one vehicle configu- hibit significant differences in fuel ration within a base level has been economy and CO emissions from those tested, the vehicle configuration fuel 2 intended for sale in other states, he economy values are harmonically aver- will calculate fuel economy and CO aged in proportion to the respective 2 emission values for each model type for sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration vehicles intended for sale in California and the resultant fuel economy value and for each model type for vehicles in- rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per tended for sale in the rest of the states. gallon. (2) The sales fraction for each base (iii) If more than one vehicle configu- level is calculated by dividing the pro- ration within a base level has been jected sales of the base level within the model type by the projected sales of tested, the vehicle configuration CO2 emission values are arithmetically the model type and rounding the averaged in proportion to the respec- quotient to the nearest 0.0001. tive sales fraction (rounded to the (3)(i) The 5-cycle city fuel economy nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configu- values of the model type (calculated to ration and the resultant CO2 emission the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined value rounded to the nearest 0.1 gram by dividing one by a sum of terms, each per mile. of which corresponds to a base level (5) The procedure specified in and which is a fraction determined by § 600.209–12(a) will be repeated for each dividing: base level, thus establishing city and (A) The sales fraction of a base level; highway fuel economy and CO2 emis- by sion values for each base level. (B) The 5-cycle city fuel economy (6) [Reserved] value for the respective base level.

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(ii) The 5-cycle city CO2 emissions of for general labels may be determined the model type (calculated to the near- by one of two methods. The first is est tenth of a gram per mile) are deter- based on vehicle-specific model-type 5- mined by a sum of terms, each of which cycle data as determined in § 600.209– corresponds to a base level and which 12(b). This method is available for all is a product determined by multi- vehicles and is required for vehicles plying: that do not qualify for the second (A) The sales fraction of a base level; method as described in § 600.115 (other by than electric vehicles). The second (B) The 5-cycle city CO2 emissions for method, the derived 5-cycle method, the respective base level. determines fuel economy and CO2 emis- (4) The procedure specified in para- sions values from the FTP and HFET graph (b)(3) of this section is repeated tests using equations that are derived in an analogous manner to determine from vehicle-specific 5-cycle model the highway and combined fuel econ- type data, as determined in paragraph omy and CO2 emission values for the (a)(2) of this section. Manufacturers model type. may voluntarily lower fuel economy (5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles values and raise CO2 values if they de- and natural gas dual fuel automobiles termine that the label values from any the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) method are not representative of the through (4) of this section shall be used fuel economy and CO2 emissions for to calculate two separate sets of city that model type. MPG values may not and highway fuel economy and CO2 be lowered without also making a cor- emission values for each model type. responding change to the CO2 value for (i) Calculate the city and highway a model type. fuel economy and CO2 emission values (1) Vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels. The from the tests performed using gaso- city and highway model type fuel econ- line or diesel test fuel. omy determined in § 600.209–12(b), (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and rounded to the nearest mpg, and the combined fuel economy and CO2 emis- city and highway model type CO2 emission values from the tests performed sions determined in § 600.209–12(b), using alcohol or natural gas test fuel, rounded to the nearest gram per mile, if 5-cycle testing was performed on the comprise the fuel economy and CO2 alcohol or natural gas test fuel. Other- emission values for general fuel econ- wise, the procedure in § 600.210–12(a)(3) omy labels, or, alternatively; or (b)(3) applies. (2) Derived 5-cycle labels. Derived 5- [76 FR 39553, July 6, 2011] cycle city and highway label values are determined according to the following § 600.210–12 Calculation of fuel econ- method: omy and CO 2 emission values for (i)(A) For each model type, deter- labeling. mine the derived five-cycle city fuel (a) General labels. Except as specified economy using the following equation in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this sec- and coefficients determined by the Ad- tion, fuel economy and CO2 emissions ministrator:

Where: City Slope = Slope determined by the Ad- City Intercept = Intercept determined by the ministrator based on historic vehicle- Administrator based on historic vehicle- specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. MT FTP FE = the model type FTP-based city fuel economy determined under

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§ 600.208–12(b), rounded to the nearest City Intercept = Intercept determined by the 0.0001 mpg. Administrator based on historic vehicle- (B) For each model type, determine specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. the derived five-cycle city CO emis- City Slope = Slope determined by the Ad- 2 ministrator based on historic vehicle- sions using the following equation and specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. coefficients determined by the Admin- MT FTP CO = the model type FTP-based istrator: 2 city CO2 emissions determined under Derived 5¥cycle City CO2 = ({City § 600.208–12(b), rounded to the nearest 0.1 Intercept} × A) + ({City Slope} × grams per mile. MT FTP CO ) 2 (ii)(A) For each model type, deter- Where: mine the derived five-cycle highway A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, 10,180 fuel economy using the equation below for diesel-fueled vehicles, or an appropriate value specified by the Adminis- and coefficients determined by the Ad- trator for other fuels. ministrator:

Where: 12(b), rounded to the nearest 0.1 grams Highway Intercept = Intercept determined per mile. by the Administrator based on historic (iii) Unless and until superseded by written vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel guidance from the Administrator, the economy data. following intercepts and slopes shall be Highway Slope = Slope determined by the used in the equations in paragraphs Administrator based on historic vehicle- (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section: specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy City Intercept = 0.003259. data. City Slope = 1.1805. MT HFET FE = the model type highway fuel Highway Intercept = 0.001376. economy determined under § 600.208–12(b), Highway Slope = 1.3466. rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. (iv) The Administrator will periodi- (B) For each model type, determine cally update the slopes and intercepts the derived five-cycle highway CO2 through guidance and will determine emissions using the equation below and the model year that the new coeffi- coefficients determined by the Admin- cients must take effect. The Adminis- istrator: trator will issue guidance no later than Derived 5-cycle Highway CO2 = six months prior to the earliest start- ({Highway Intercept} × A) + ing date of the effective model year ({Highway Slope} × MT HFET CO2) (e.g., for 2011 models, the earliest start Where: of the model year is January 2, 2010, so guidance would be issued by July 1, A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, 10,180 for diesel-fueled vehicles, or an appro- 2009.) Until otherwise instructed by priate value specified by the Adminis- written guidance from the Adminis- trator for other fuels. trator, manufacturers must use the co- Highway Intercept = Intercept determined efficients that are currently in effect. by the Administrator based on historic (3) General alternate fuel economy and vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel CO2 emissions label values for dual fuel economy data. vehicles. (i)(A) City and Highway fuel Highway Slope = Slope determined by the economy label values for dual fuel al- Administrator based on historic vehicle- specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy cohol-based and natural gas vehicles data. when using the alternate fuel are sepa-

MT HFET CO2 = the model type highway CO2 rately determined by the following cal- emissions determined under § 600.208– culation:

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FEgas = The unrounded FTP-based city or HFET-based model type highway fuel economy from gasoline (or diesel), as determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i). Where: The result, rounded to the nearest FEalt = The unrounded FTP-based model-type whole number, is the alternate fuel city or HFET-based model-type highway label value for dual fuel vehicles. fuel economy from the alternate fuel, as (B) City and Highway CO label val- determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii). 2 ues for dual fuel alcohol-based and nat- 5cycle FEgas = The unrounded vehicle-specific or derived 5-cycle model-type city or ural gas vehicles when using the alter- highway fuel economy, as determined in nate fuel are separately determined by paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section. the following calculation:

Where: HFET-based highway fuel economy

CO2alt = The unrounded FTP-based model- label values for fuel cell vehicles using type city or HFET-based model-type CO2 procedures specified by the Adminis- emissions value from the alternate fuel, trator. Convert kilograms of hydrogen/ as determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii). mile results to miles per kilogram of 5cycle CO2gas = The unrounded vehicle-spe- hydrogen and miles per gasoline gallon cific or derived 5-cycle model-type city equivalent. CO2 label information is or highway CO2 emissions value, as determined in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this based on tailpipe emissions only, so section. CO2 emissions from fuel cell vehicles CO2gas = The unrounded FTP-based city or are assumed to be zero. HFET-based model type highway CO2 (b) Specific labels. Except as specified emissions value from gasoline (or diesel), in paragraphs (d) and (e) of this sec- as determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i). tion, fuel economy and CO2 emissions The result, rounded to the nearest whole for specific labels may be determined number, is the alternate fuel CO2 emissions by one of two methods. The first is label value for dual fuel vehicles. based on vehicle-specific configuration (ii) Optionally, if complete 5-cycle 5-cycle data as determined in § 600.207. testing has been performed using the This method is available for all vehi- alternate fuel, the manufacturer may cles and is required for vehicles that do choose to use the alternate fuel label not qualify for the second method as city or highway fuel economy and CO2 described in § 600.115 (other than elec- emission values determined in § 600.209– tric vehicles). The second method, the 12(b)(5)(ii), rounded to the nearest derived 5-cycle method, determines whole number. fuel economy and CO2 emissions values (4) General alternate fuel economy and from the FTP and HFET tests using CO2 emissions label values for electric ve- equations that are derived from vehi- hicles. Determine FTP-based city and cle-specific 5-cycle configuration data, HFET-based highway fuel economy as determined in paragraph (b)(2) of label values for electric vehicles as de- this section. Manufacturers may volun- scribed in § 600.116. Convert W-hour/ tarily lower fuel economy values and mile results to miles per kW-hr and raise CO2 values if they determine that miles per gasoline gallon equivalent. the label values from either method CO2 label information is based on tail- are not representative of the fuel econ- pipe emissions only, so CO2 emissions omy or CO2 emissions for that model from electric vehicles are assumed to type. be zero. (1) Vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels. The (5) General alternate fuel economy and city and highway configuration fuel CO2 emissions label values for fuel cell ve- economy determined in § 600.207, round- hicles. Determine FTP-based city and ed to the nearest mpg, and the city and

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highway configuration CO2 emissions 5-cycle are determined according to the determined in § 600.207, rounded to the following method: nearest gram per mile, comprise the (i)(A) Determine the derived five- fuel economy and CO2 emission values cycle city fuel economy of the configu- for specific fuel economy labels, or, al- ration using the equation below and co- ternatively; efficients determined by the Adminis- (2) Derived 5-cycle labels. Specific city trator: and highway label values from derived

Where: Derived 5-cycle City CO2 = {City Inter- City Intercept = Intercept determined by the cept} + {City Slope} × Config FTP CO2 Administrator based on historic vehicle- Where: specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. City Intercept = Intercept determined by the City Slope = Slope determined by the Ad- Administrator based on historic vehicle- ministrator based on historic vehicle- specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. City Slope = Slope determined by the Ad- Config FTP FE = the configuration FTP- ministrator based on historic vehicle- based city fuel economy determined specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. under § 600.206, rounded to the nearest Config FTP CO2 = the configuration FTP- 0.0001 mpg. based city CO2 emissions determined under § 600.206, rounded to the nearest 0.1 (B) Determine the derived five-cycle grams per mile. city CO2 emissions of the configuration (ii)(A) Determine the derived five- using the equation below and coeffi- cycle highway fuel economy of the con- cients determined by the Adminis- figuration using the equation below trator: and coefficients determined by the Ad- ministrator:

Where: efficients determined by the Adminis- Highway Intercept = Intercept determined trator: by the Administrator based on historic Derived 5-cycle city Highway CO2 = vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel {Highway Intercept} + {Highway Slope} economy data. × Config HFET CO Highway Slope = Slope determined by the 2 Administrator based on historic vehicle- Where: specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy Highway Intercept = Intercept determined data. by the Administrator based on historic Config HFET FE = the configuration high- vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel way fuel economy determined under economy data. § 600.206, rounded to the nearest tenth. Highway Slope = Slope determined by the (B) Determine the derived five-cycle Administrator based on historic vehicle- highway CO emissions of the configu- specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy 2 data. ration using the equation below and co-

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Config HFET CO2 = the configuration high- FEalt = The unrounded FTP-based configura- way fuel economy determined under tion city or HFET-based configuration § 600.206, rounded to the nearest tenth. highway fuel economy from the alternate fuel, as determined in § 600.206. (iii) The slopes and intercepts of 5cycle FEgas = The unrounded vehicle-specific paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section or derived 5-cycle configuration city or apply. highway fuel economy as determined in (3) Specific alternate fuel economy and paragraph (b)(1) or (2) of this section. FEgas = The unrounded FTP-based city or CO2 emissions label values for dual fuel HFET-based configuration highway fuel vehicles. (i)(A) Specific city and high- economy from gasoline, as determined in way fuel economy label values for dual § 600.206. fuel alcohol-based and natural gas ve- The result, rounded to the nearest whole hicles when using the alternate fuel are number, is the alternate fuel label value for separately determined by the following dual fuel vehicles. calculation: (B) Specific city and highway CO2 emission label values for dual fuel alcohol-based and natural gas vehicles when using the alternate fuel are separately determined by the following cal- Where: culation:

Where: hicles. Determine FTP-based city and

CO2alt = The unrounded FTP-based configura- HFET-based highway fuel economy tion city or HFET-based configuration label values for electric vehicles as de- highway CO2 emissions value from the al- scribed in § 600.116. Determine these ternate fuel, as determined in § 600.206. values by running the appropriate re- 5cycle CO2gas = The unrounded vehicle-specific or derived 5-cycle configuration city peat test cycles. Convert W-hour/mile or highway CO2 emissions value as deter- results to miles per kW-hr and miles mined in paragraph (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this per gasoline gallon equivalent. CO2 section. label information is based on tailpipe CO2gas = The unrounded FTP-based city or emissions only, so CO2 emissions from HFET-based configuration highway CO2 emissions value from gasoline, as deter- electric vehicles are assumed to be mined in § 600.206. zero. The result, rounded to the nearest whole (5) Specific alternate fuel economy and number, is the alternate fuel CO2 emissions CO2 emissions label values for fuel cell ve- label value for dual fuel vehicles. hicles. Determine FTP-based city and (ii) Optionally, if complete 5-cycle HFET-based highway fuel economy testing has been performed using the label values for fuel cell vehicles using alternate fuel, the manufacturer may procedures specified by the Adminis- choose to use the alternate fuel label trator. Convert kilograms of hydrogen/ city or highway fuel economy and CO2 mile results to miles per kilogram of emission values determined in § 600.207– hydrogen and miles per gasoline gallon 12(a)(4)(ii), rounded to the nearest equivalent. CO2 label information is whole number. based on tailpipe emissions only, so (4) Specific alternate fuel economy and CO2 emissions from fuel cell vehicles CO2 emissions label values for electric ve- are assumed to be zero. 926

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(c) Calculating combined fuel economy. W-hour/mile results to miles per gaso- (1) For the purposes of calculating the line gallon equivalent or miles per die- combined fuel economy for a model sel gallon equivalent, as applicable. type, to be used in displaying on the Note that you must also express bat- label and for determining annual fuel tery-based fuel economy values in costs under subpart D of this part, the miles per kW-hr for calculating annual manufacturer shall use one of the fol- fuel cost as described in § 600.311. lowing procedures: (C) Calculate a composite city fuel (i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, economy value and a composite high- alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled way fuel economy value by combining automobiles, and for dual fuel auto- the separate results for battery and en- mobiles that can operate on gasoline or gine operation using the procedures de- diesel fuel, harmonically average the scribed in § 600.116). Apply the derived unrounded city and highway fuel econ- 5-cycle adjustment to these composite omy values, determined in paragraphs values. Use these values to calculate (a)(1) or (2) of this section and (b)(1) or the vehicle’s combined fuel economy as (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this 0.45 respectively. Round the result to section. the nearest whole mpg. (An example of (v) For fuel cell vehicles, calculate this calculation procedure appears in the combined fuel economy, in miles Appendix II of this part). per kilogram and miles per gasoline (ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural gallon equivalent, by harmonically gas dual fuel automobiles operated on averaging the unrounded city and high- the alternate fuel, harmonically aver- way values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 re- age the unrounded city and highway spectively. Round miles per kilogram values from the tests performed using to the nearest whole number and round the alternative fuel as determined in miles per gasoline gallon equivalent to paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(3) of this sec- the nearest whole number. tion, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respec- (2) For the purposes of calculating tively. Round the result to the nearest whole mpg. the combined CO2 emissions value for a (iii) For electric vehicles, calculate model type, to be used in displaying on the combined fuel economy, in miles the label under subpart D of this part, per kW-hr and miles per gasoline gal- the manufacturer shall: lon equivalent, by harmonically aver- (i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, aging the unrounded city and highway alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respec- automobiles, and for dual fuel auto- tively. Round miles per kW-hr to the mobiles that can operate on gasoline or nearest 0.001 and round miles per gaso- diesel fuel, arithmetically average the line gallon equivalent to the nearest unrounded city and highway values, de- whole number. termined in paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of (iv) For plug-in hybrid electric vehi- this section and (b)(1) or (2) of this sec- cles, calculate a combined fuel econ- tion, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respec- omy value, in miles per gasoline gallon tively, and round to the nearest whole equivalent as follows: gram per mile; or (A) Determine city and highway fuel (ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural economy values for vehicle operation gas dual fuel automobiles operated on after the battery has been fully dis- the alternate fuel, arithmetically aver- charged (‘‘gas only operation’’ or age the unrounded city and highway ‘‘charge-sustaining mode’’) as de- CO2 emission values from the tests per- scribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this formed using the alternative fuel as de- section. termined in paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(3) (B) Determine city and highway fuel of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 economy values for vehicle operation respectively, and round to the nearest starting with a full battery charge whole gram per mile. (‘‘all-electric operation’’ or ‘‘gas plus (iii) CO2 label information is based on electric operation’’, as appropriate, or tailpipe emissions only, so CO2 emis- ‘‘charge-depleting mode’’) as described sions from electric vehicles and fuel in § 600.116. For battery energy, convert cell vehicles are assumed to be zero.

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(iv) For plug-in hybrid electric vehi- (ii) Multiply 2-cycle fuel economy cles, calculate combined CO2 emissions values by 0.7 and divide 2-cycle CO2 as follows: emission values by 0.7. (A) Determine city and highway CO2 (iii) Manufacturers may ask the Ad- emission rates for vehicle operation ministrator to approve adjustment fac- after the battery has been fully dis- tors for deriving 5-cycle fuel economy charged (‘‘gas only operation’’ or results from 2-cycle test data based on ‘‘charge-sustaining mode’’) as de- operating data from their in-use vehi- scribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this cles. Such data should be collected section. from multiple vehicles with different (B) Determine city and highway CO2 drivers over a range of representative emission rates for vehicle operation driving routes and conditions. The Ad- starting with a full battery charge ministrator may approve such an ad- (‘‘all-electric operation’’ or ‘‘gas plus justment factor for any of the manu- electric operation’’, as appropriate, or facturer’s vehicle models that are prop- ‘‘charge-depleting mode’’) as described erly represented by the collected data. in § 600.116. Note that CO2 label infor- (e) Fuel economy values and other in- mation is based on tailpipe emissions formation for advanced technology vehi- only, so CO2 emissions from electricity cles. (1) The Administrator may pre- are assumed to be zero. scribe an alternative method of deter- (C) Calculate a composite city CO2 mining the city and highway model emission rate and a composite highway type fuel economy and CO2 emission CO2 emission rate by combining the values for general, unique or specific separate results for battery and engine fuel economy labels other than those operation using the procedures de- set forth in this subpart C for advanced scribed in § 600.116. Use these values to technology vehicles including, but not calculate the vehicle’s combined fuel limited to fuel cell vehicles, hybrid economy as described in paragraph electric vehicles using hydraulic en- (c)(1)(i) of this section. ergy storage, and vehicles equipped (d) Calculating combined fuel economy with hydrogen internal combustion en- and CO emissions. (1) If the criteria in 2 gines. § 600.115–11(a) are met for a model type, (2) For advanced technology vehicles, both the city and highway fuel econ- the Administrator may prescribe spe- omy and CO2 emissions values must be determined using the vehicle-specific 5- cial methods for determining informa- cycle method. If the criteria in tion other than fuel economy that is § 600.115–11(b) are met for a model type, required to be displayed on fuel economy labels as specified in § 600.302–12(e). the city fuel economy and CO2 emissions values may be determined using (f) Sample calculations. An example of either method, but the highway fuel the calculation required in this subpart is in Appendix III of this part. economy and CO2 emissions values must be determined using the vehicle- [76 FR 39554, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 specific 5-cycle method (or modified 5- FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63183, Oct. 15, cycle method as allowed under § 600.114– 2012] 12(b)(2)). (2) If the criteria in § 600.115 are not Subpart D—Fuel Economy met for a model type, the city and Labeling highway fuel economy and CO2 emission label values must be determined by using the same method, either the SOURCE: 41 FR 49761, Nov. 10, 1976, unless derived 5-cycle or vehicle-specific 5- otherwise noted. cycle. (3) Manufacturers may use any of the § 600.301 Labeling requirements. following methods for determining 5- (a) Prior to being offered for sale, cycle values for fuel economy and CO2 each manufacturer shall affix or cause emissions for electric vehicles: to be affixed and each dealer shall (i) Generate 5-cycle data as described maintain or cause to be maintained on in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. each automobile:

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(1) A general fuel economy label (ini- and are subsequently found to have tax tial, or updated as required in § 600.314) liability, the manufacturer is respon- as described in § 600.302 or: sible for the tax liability regardless of (2) A specific label, for those auto- whether the vehicle has been sold or mobiles manufactured or imported be- not or whether the vehicle has been re- fore the date that occurs 15 days after labeled or not. general labels have been determined by (b) The manufacturer shall include the manufacturer, as described in the current range of fuel economy of § 600.210–08(b) or § 600.210–12(b). comparable automobiles (as described (i) If the manufacturer elects to use a in §§ 600.311 and 600.314) in the label of specific label within a model type (as each vehicle manufactured or imported defined in § 600.002, he shall also affix more than 15 calendar days after the specific labels on all automobiles with- current range is made available by the in this model type, except on those Administrator. automobiles manufactured or imported (1) Automobiles manufactured or im- before the date that labels are required ported before a date 16 or more cal- to bear range values as required by endar days after the initial label range paragraph (b) of this section, or deter- is made available under § 600.311 shall mined by the Administrator, or as per- include the range from the previous mitted under § 600.310. model year. (ii) If a manufacturer elects to (2) Automobiles manufactured or im- change from general to specific labels ported more than 15 calendar days or vice versa within a model type, the after the label range is made available manufacturer shall, within five cal- under § 600.311 shall be labeled with the endar days, initiate or discontinue as current range of fuel economy of com- applicable, the use of specific labels on parable automobiles as approved for all vehicles within a model type at all that label. facilities where labels are affixed. (3) For any vehicle for which a spe- (c) The fuel economy label must be cific label is requested which has a readily visible from the exterior of the combined FTP/HFET-based fuel econ- automobile and remain affixed until omy value, as determined in § 600.513, the time the automobile is delivered to at or below the minimum tax-free the ultimate consumer. value, the following statement must (1) It is preferable that the fuel econ- appear on the specific label: omy label information be incorporated ‘‘[Manufacturer’s name] may have to into the Automobile Information Dis- pay IRS a Gas Guzzler Tax on this ve- closure Act label, provided that the hicle because of the low fuel economy.’’ prominence and legibility of the fuel (4)(i) At the time a general fuel econ- economy label is maintained. For this omy value is determined for a model purpose, all fuel economy label infor- type, a manufacturer shall, except as mation must be placed on a separate provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section in the Automobile Information section, relabel, or cause to be re- Disclosure Act label and may not be labeled, vehicles which: intermixed with that label informa- (A) Have not been delivered to the ul- tion, except for vehicle descriptions as timate purchaser, and noted in § 600.303–08(d)(1). (B) Have a combined FTP/HFET- (2) The fuel economy label must be based model type fuel economy value located on a side window. If the window (as determined in § 600.208–08(b) or is not large enough to contain both the § 600.208–12(b) of 0.1 mpg or more below Automobile Information Disclosure the lowest fuel economy value at which Act label and the fuel economy label, a Gas Guzzler Tax of $0 is to be as- the manufacturer shall have the fuel sessed. economy label affixed on another win- (ii) The manufacturer has the option dow and as close as possible to the of re-labeling vehicles during the first Automobile Information Disclosure five working days after the general Act label. label value is known. (3) The manufacturer shall have the (iii) For those vehicle model types fuel economy label affixed in such a which have been issued a specific label manner that appearance and legibility

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are maintained until after the vehicle (B) For diesel fuel, include a fuel is delivered to the ultimate consumer. pump logo with a ‘‘D’’ inscribed in the (d) The labeling requirements speci- base of the fuel pump. fied in this subpart for 2008 model year (C) For natural gas, include the es- vehicles continue to apply through the tablished CNG logo. 2011 model year. In the 2012 model year, (D) For hydrogen fuel cells, include manufacturers may label their vehicles the expression ‘‘H2’’. as specified in this subpart for either (ii) Identify flexible-fuel vehicles and 2008 or 2012 model years. The labeling dual-fuel vehicles as ‘‘Flexible-Fuel Ve- requirements specified in this subpart hicle Gasoline-Ethanol (E85)’’, ‘‘Flexi- for 2012 model year vehicles are manda- ble-Fuel Vehicle Diesel-Natural Gas’’, tory for 2013 and later model years. etc. Include a fuel pump logo or a com- [76 FR 39558, July 6, 2011] bination of logos to the left of this designation as appropriate. For example, § 600.302–12 Fuel economy label—gen- for vehicles that operate on gasoline or eral provisions. ethanol, include a fuel pump logo and This section describes labeling re- the designation ‘‘E85’’. quirements and specifications that (iii) Identify plug-in hybrid electric apply to all vehicles. The requirements vehicles as ‘‘Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle and specifications in this section and Electricity-Gasoline’’ or ‘‘Plug-In Hy- those in §§ 600.304 through 600.310 are il- brid Vehicle Electricity-Diesel’’. In- lustrated in Appendix VI of this part. clude a fuel pump logo as specified in (a) Basic format. Fuel economy labels paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section and must be rectangular in shape with a an electric plug logo to the left of this minimum width of 174 mm and a min- designation. imum height of 114 mm. The required (iv) Identify electric vehicles as label can be divided into three fields ‘‘Electric Vehicle’’. Include an electric separated and outlined by a continuous plug logo to the left of this designa- border, as described in paragraphs (b) tion. through (e) of this section. (4) Include the following statement in (b) Border. Create a continuous black the upper left portion of the lower bor- border to outline the label and separate der: ‘‘Actual results will vary for many the three information fields. Include reasons, including driving conditions the following information in the top and how you drive and maintain your and bottom portions of the border: vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a (1) In the left portion of the upper MPG and costs $b to fuel over 5 years. border, include ‘‘EPA’’ and ‘‘DOT’’ with Cost estimates are based on c miles per a horizontal line in between (‘‘EPA di- year at $d per gallon. MPGe is miles vided by DOT’’). per gasoline gallon equivalent. Vehicle (2) Immediately to the right of the emissions are a significant cause of cli- Agency names, include the heading mate change and smog.’’ For a, b, c, ‘‘Fuel Economy and Environment’’. and d, insert the appropriate values es- (3) Identify the vehicle’s fuel type on tablished by EPA, including consider- the right-most portion of the upper ation of the type of fuel that is re- border in a blue-colored field as fol- quired for the vehicle. See §§ 600.303 lows: through 600.310 for alternate state- (i) For vehicles designed to operate ments that apply for vehicles that use on a single fuel, identify the appro- a fuel other than gasoline or diesel priate fuel. For example, identify the fuel. vehicle as ‘‘Gasoline Vehicle’’, ‘‘Diesel (5) In the lower left portion of the Vehicle’’, ‘‘Compressed Natural Gas lower border, include the Web site ref- Vehicle’’, ‘‘Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehi- erence, ‘‘fueleconomy.gov’’, and the cle’’, etc. This includes hybrid electric following statement: ‘‘Calculate per- vehicles that do not have plug-in capa- sonalized estimates and compare vehi- bility. Include a logo corresponding to cles’’. the fuel to the left of this designation (6) Include a field in the right-most as follows: portion of the lower border to allow for (A) For gasoline, include a fuel pump accessing interactive information with logo. mobile electronic devices. To do this,

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include an image of a QR code that will class (such as Small SUVs). For x, y, direct mobile electronic devices to an and z, insert the appropriate values es- EPA-specified Web site with fuel econ- tablished by EPA. omy information. Generate the QR (3) Include one of the following state- code as specified in ISO/IEC 18004 (in- ments in the right side of the field: corporated by reference in § 600.011). To (i) For vehicles with calculated fuel the left of the QR code, include the costs higher than the average vehicle vertically oriented caption as specified in § 600.311: ‘‘You spend $x ‘‘Smartphone QR CodeTM’’. more in fuel costs over 5 years com- (7) Along the lower edge of the lower pared to the average new vehicle.’’ border, to the left of the field with the Complete the statement by including QR Code, include the logos for EPA, the calculated increase in fuel costs as the Department of Transportation, and specified in § 600.311. the Department of Energy. (ii) For all other vehicles: ‘‘You save (c) Fuel economy and cost values. In- $x in fuel costs over 5 years compared clude the following elements in the to the average new vehicle.’’ Complete field at the top of the label: the statement by including the cal- (1) The elements specified in this culated fuel savings as specified in paragraph (c)(1) for vehicles that run § 600.311. Note that this includes fuel on gasoline or diesel fuel with no plug- savings of $0. in capability. See §§ 600.304 through (d) Annual fuel cost. Include the fol- 600.310 for specifications that apply for lowing statement in the field in the other vehicles. lower left portion of the label: ‘‘Annual (i) The heading ‘‘Fuel Economy’’ near fuel cost $x’’. Complete this statement the top left corner of the field. using the value for annual fuel cost de- (ii) The combined fuel economy value termined in § 600.311. as determined in § 600.311 below the (e) Performance ratings. Include the heading. Include the expression ‘‘com- following information in the field in bined city/hwy’’ below this number. the lower left portion of the label: (iii) The fuel pump logo to the left of (1) The heading, ‘‘Fuel Economy and the combined fuel economy value. For Greenhouse Gas Rating (tailpipe only)’’ diesel fuel, include a fuel pump logo in the top left corner of the field. with a ‘‘D’’ inscribed in the base of the (2) A slider bar below the heading in fuel pump. the left portion of the field to charac- (iv) The units identifier and specific terize the vehicle’s fuel economy and fuel economy values to the right of the greenhouse gas ratings, as determined combined fuel economy rating as fol- in § 600.311. Position a box with a down- lows: ward-pointing wedge above the slider (A) Include the term ‘‘MPG’’ in the bar positioned to show where that vehi- upper portion of the designated space. cle’s fuel economy rating falls relative (B) Include the city fuel economy to the total range; include the vehicle’s value determined in § 600.311 in the fuel economy rating inside the box. If lower left portion of the designated the greenhouse gas rating from § 600.311 space. Include the expression ‘‘city’’ is different than the fuel economy rat- below this number. ing, position a second box with an up- (C) Include the highway fuel economy ward-pointing wedge below the slider value determined in § 600.311 in the bar positioned to show where that vehi- lower right portion of the designated cle’s greenhouse gas rating falls rel- space. Include the expression ‘‘high- ative to the total range; include the ve- way’’ below this number. hicle’s greenhouse gas rating inside the (v) The fuel consumption rate deter- box. Include the expression ‘‘CO2’’ to mined in § 600.311, below the combined the left of the box with the greenhouse fuel economy value, followed by the ex- gas rating and add the expression MPG pression ‘‘gallons per 100 miles’’. to the left of the box with the fuel (2) In the upper middle portion of the economy rating. Include the number 1 field, include the following statement: inside the border at the left end of the ‘‘lll range from x to y MPG. The slider bar. Include the number 10 inside best vehicle rates z MPGe.’’ Fill in the the border at the right end of the slider blank with the appropriate vehicle bar and add the term ‘‘Best’’ below the

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slider bar, directly under the number. tions to the label format to accommo- EPA will periodically calculate and date this information. Include the fol- publish updated rating values as de- lowing items in the vehicle description, scribed in § 600.311. Add color to the if applicable: slider bar such that it is blue at the (1) Model year. left end of the range, white at the right (2) Vehicle car line. end of the range, and shaded continu- (3) Engine displacement, in cubic ously across the range. inches, cubic centimeters, or liters (3) The heading, ‘‘Smog Rating (tail- whichever is consistent with the cus- pipe only)’’ in the top right corner of tomary description of that engine. the field. (4) Transmission class. (4) Insert a slider bar in the right (5) Other descriptive information, as portion of the field to characterize the necessary, such as number of engine vehicle’s level of emission control for cylinders, to distinguish otherwise ozone-related air pollutants relative to identical model types or, in the case of that of all vehicles. Position a box with specific labels, vehicle configurations, a downward-pointing wedge above the as approved by the Administrator. slider bar positioned to show where (g) [Reserved] that vehicle’s emission rating falls rel- (h) Gas guzzler provisions. For vehicles ative to the total range. Include the ve- requiring a tax statement under hicle’s emission rating (as described in § 600.513, add the phrase ‘‘$x gas guzzler § 600.311) inside the box. Include the tax’’, where $x is the value of the tax. number 1 in the border at the left end The tax value required by this para- of the slider bar; include the number 10 graph (h) is based on the combined fuel in the border at the right end of the economy value for the model type cal- slider bar and add the term ‘‘Best’’ culated according to § 600.513 and below the slider bar, directly under the rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. number. EPA will periodically cal- (i) Alternative label provisions for spe- culate and publish updated range val- cial cases. The Administrator may ap- ues as described in § 600.311. Add color prove modifications to the style guide- to the slider bar such that it is blue at lines if space is limited. The Adminis- the left end of the range, white at the trator may also prescribe special label right end of the range, and shaded con- format and information requirements tinuously across the range. for vehicles that are not specifically (5) The following statements below described in this subpart, such as hy- the slider bars: ‘‘This vehicle emits x drogen-fueled internal combustion en- grams CO2 per mile. The best emits 0 gines or hybrid electric vehicles that grams per mile (tailpipe only). Pro- have engines operating on fuels other ducing and distributing fuel also create than gasoline or diesel fuel. The Ad- emissions; learn more at ministrator may also approve alternate fueleconomy.gov.’’ For x, insert the ve- wording of statements on the label if hicle’s composite CO2 emission rate as that is necessary or appropriate for a described in § 600.311. See §§ 600.308 and given fuel or combination of fuels. The 600.310 for specifications that apply for revised labeling specifications will con- vehicles powered by electricity. form to the principles established in (f) Vehicle description. Where the fuel this subpart, with any appropriate economy label is physically incor- modifications or additions to reflect porated with the Motor Vehicle Infor- the vehicle’s unique characteristics. mation and Cost Savings Act label, no See 49 U.S.C. 32908(b)(1)(F). further vehicle description is needed. If (j) Rounding. Unless the regulation the fuel economy label is separate from specifies otherwise, do not round inter- the Automobile Information Disclosure mediate values, but round final cal- Act label, describe the vehicle in a lo- culated values identified in this sub- cation on the label that does not inter- part to the nearest whole number. fere with the other required informa- (k) Updating information. EPA will pe- tion. In cases where the vehicle de- riodically publish updated information scription may not easily fit on the that is needed to comply with the la- label, the manufacturer may request beling requirements in this subpart. Administrator approval of modifica- This includes the annual mileage rates

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and fuel-cost information, the ‘‘best space. Include the expression ‘‘high- and worst’’ values needed for calcu- way’’ below this number. lating relative ratings for individual (5) The fuel consumption rate deter- vehicles, and the various rating cri- mined in § 600.311, to the right of the teria as specified in § 600.311. fuel economy information. Include the expression ‘‘gallons per 100 miles’’ [76 FR 39559, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 below the numerical value. FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011] (6) Add the following statement after § 600.303–12 Fuel economy label—spe- the statements described in § 600.302– cial requirements for flexible-fuel 12(c)(2): ‘‘Values are based on gasoline vehicles. and do not reflect performance and ratings based on E85.’’ Adjust this state- Fuel economy labels for flexible-fuel ment as appropriate for vehicles de- vehicles must meet the specifications signed to operate on different fuels. described in § 600.302, with the modi- (c) You may include the sub-heading fications described in this section. This ‘‘Driving Range’’ below the combined section describes how to label flexible- fuel economy value, with range bars fuel vehicles equipped with gasoline en- below this sub-heading as follows: gines. If the vehicle has a diesel engine, (1) Insert a horizontal range bar all the references to ‘‘gas’’ or ‘‘gaso- nominally 80 mm long to show how far line’’ in this section are understood to the vehicle can drive from a full tank refer to ‘‘diesel’’ or ‘‘diesel fuel’’, re- of gasoline. Include a vehicle logo at spectively. All values described in this the right end of the range bar. Include section are based on gasoline oper- the following left-justified expression ation, unless otherwise specifically inside the range bar: ‘‘Gasoline: x noted. miles’’. Complete the expression by (a) For qualifying vehicles, include identifying the appropriate value for the following additional sentence in total driving range from § 600.311. the statement identified in § 600.302– (2) Insert a second horizontal range 12(b)(4): ‘‘This is a dual fueled auto- bar as described in paragraph (c)(1) of mobile.’’ See the definition of ‘‘dual this section that shows how far the ve- fueled automobile’’ in § 600.002. hicle can drive from a full tank with (b) Include the following elements in- the second fuel. Establish the length of stead of the information identified in the line based on the proportion of § 600.302–12(c)(1): driving ranges for the different fuels. (1) The heading ‘‘Fuel Economy’’ Identify the appropriate fuel in the near the top left corner of the field. range bar. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the [76 FR 39561, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63183, Oct. 15, 2012] heading. Include the expression ‘‘combined city/hwy’’ below this number. § 600.304–12 Fuel economy label—spe- (3) The fuel pump logo and other cial requirements for hydrogen fuel logos as specified in § 600.302–12(b)(3)(ii) cell vehicles. to the left of the combined fuel econ- Fuel economy labels for hydrogen omy value. fuel cell vehicles must meet the speci- (4) The units identifier and specific fications described in § 600.302, with the fuel economy values to the right of the following modifications: combined fuel economy value as fol- (a) Include the following statement lows: instead of the statement specified in (i) Include the term ‘‘MPG’’ in the § 600.302–12(b)(4): ‘‘Actual results will upper portion of the designated space. vary for many reasons, including driv- (ii) Include the city fuel economy ing conditions and how you drive and value determined in § 600.311 in the maintain your vehicle. The average lower left portion of the designated new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $b to space. Include the expression ‘‘city’’ fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are below this number. based on c miles per year at $d per kilo- (iii) Include the highway fuel econ- gram of hydrogen. Vehicle emissions omy value determined in § 600.311 in the are a significant cause of global warm- lower right portion of the designated ing and smog.’’ For a, b, c, and d, insert

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the appropriate values established by § 600.306–12 Fuel economy label—spe- EPA. cial requirements for compressed (b) Include the following elements in- natural gas vehicles. stead of the information identified in Fuel economy labels for dedicated § 600.302–12(c)(1): natural gas vehicles must meet the (1) The heading ‘‘Fuel Economy’’ specifications described in § 600.302, near the top left corner of the field. with the following modifications: (2) The combined fuel economy value (a) Include the following statement as determined in § 600.311 below the instead of the statement specified in heading. Include the expression ‘‘com- § 600.302–12(b)(4): ‘‘Actual results will bined city/hwy’’ below this number. vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and (3) The logo specified in § 600.302– maintain your vehicle. The average 12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $b to fuel economy value. fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are (4) The units identifier and specific based on c miles per year at $d per gas- fuel economy values to the right of the oline gallon equivalent. Vehicle emis- combined fuel economy value as fol- sions are a significant cause of global lows: warming and smog.’’ For a, b, c, and d, (i) Include the term ‘‘MPGe’’ in the insert the appropriate values estab- upper portion of the designated space. lished by EPA. (ii) Include the city fuel economy (b) Include the following elements in- value determined in § 600.311 in the stead of the information identified in lower left portion of the designated § 600.302–12(c)(1): space. Include the expression ‘‘city’’ (1) The heading ‘‘Fuel Economy’’ below this number. near the top left corner of the field. (iii) Include the highway fuel econ- (2) The combined fuel economy value omy value determined in § 600.311 in the as determined in § 600.311 below the lower right portion of the designated heading. Include the expression ‘‘com- space. Include the expression ‘‘high- bined city/hwy’’ below this number. way’’ below this number. (3) The logo specified in § 600.302– 12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined (5) The fuel consumption rate deter- fuel economy value. mined in § 600.311, to the right of the (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy information. Include the fuel economy ratings to the right of expression ‘‘kg H2 per 100 miles’’ below the combined fuel economy value as the numerical value. follows: (6) The sub-heading ‘‘Driving Range’’ (i) Include the term ‘‘MPGe’’ in the below the combined fuel economy upper portion of the designated space. value. Below this sub-heading, insert a (ii) Include the city fuel economy horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm value determined in § 600.311 in the long to show how far the vehicle can lower left portion of the designated drive when fully fueled. Include a vehi- space. Include the expression ‘‘city’’ cle logo at the right end of the range below this number. bar. Include the following left-justified (iii) Include the highway fuel econ- expression inside the range bar: ‘‘When omy value determined in § 600.311 in the fully fueled, vehicle can travel about lower right portion of the designated * * *’’. Below the right end of the range space. Include the expression ‘‘high- bar, include the expression ‘‘x miles’’; way’’ below this number. complete the expression by identifying (5) The fuel consumption rate deter- the appropriate value for total driving mined in § 600.311, to the right of the range from § 600.311. Include numbers fuel economy information. Include the below the bar showing the scale, with expression ‘‘equivalent gallons per 100 numbers starting at 0 and increasing in miles’’ below the numerical value. equal increments. Use good engineering (6) The sub-heading ‘‘Driving Range’’ judgment to divide the range bar into below the combined fuel economy value. Below this sub-heading, insert a four, five, or six increments. horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm [76 FR 39561, July 6, 2011] long to show how far the vehicle can

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drive when fully fueled. Include a vehi- (2) An outlined box below the heading cle logo at the right end of the range with the following information: bar. Include the following left-justified (i) The sub-heading ‘‘Electricity’’ if expression inside the range bar: ‘‘When the vehicle’s engine starts only after fully fueled, vehicle can travel about the battery is fully discharged, or * * *’’’’. Below the right end of the ‘‘Electricity + Gasoline’’ if the vehicle range bar, include the expression ‘‘x uses combined power from the battery miles’’; complete the expression by and the engine before the battery is identifying the appropriate value for fully discharged. total driving range from § 600.311. In- (ii) The expression ‘‘Charge Time: x clude numbers below the bar showing hours (240V)’’ below the sub-heading, the scale, with numbers starting at 0 where x is the time to charge the bat- and increasing in equal increments. tery as specified in § 600.311. Change the Use good engineering judgment to di- specified voltage if appropriate as spec- vide the range bar into four, five, or six ified in § 600.311. increments. (iii) The combined fuel economy [76 FR 39562, July 6, 2011] value for the charge-depleting mode of operation as determined in § 600.311 § 600.308–12 Fuel economy label for- below the charge time. Include the ex- mat requirements—plug-in hybrid pression ‘‘combined city/highway’’ electric vehicles. below this number. Fuel economy labels for plug-in hy- (iv) An electric plug logo to the left brid electric vehicles must meet the of the combined fuel economy value. specifications described in § 600.302, For vehicles that use combined power with the exceptions and additional from the battery and the engine before specifications described in this section. the battery is fully discharged, also in- This section describes how to label ve- clude the fuel pump logo. hicles equipped with gasoline engines. (v) The units identifier and consump- If the vehicle has a diesel engine, all tion ratings to the right of the com- the references to ‘‘gas’’ or ‘‘gasoline’’ bined fuel economy value as follows: in this section are understood to refer (A) Include the term ‘‘MPGe’’ in the to ‘‘diesel’’ or ‘‘diesel fuel’’, respec- upper portion of the designated space. tively. (a) Include the following statement (B) If the vehicle’s engine starts only instead of the statement specified in after the battery is fully discharged, § 600.302–12(b)(4): ‘‘Actual results will identify the vehicle’s electricity con- vary for many reasons, including driv- sumption rate as specified in § 600.311. ing conditions and how you drive and Below the number, include the expres- maintain your vehicle. The average sion: ‘‘kW-hrs per 100 miles’’. new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $b to (C) If the vehicle uses combined fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are power from the battery and the engine based on c miles per year at $d per gal- before the battery is fully discharged, lon and $e per kW-hr. Vehicle emissions identify the vehicle’s gasoline con- are a significant cause of global warm- sumption rate as specified in § 600.311; ing and smog.’’ For a, b, c, d, and e, in- to the right of this number, include the sert the appropriate values established expression: ‘‘gallons per 100 miles’’. by EPA. For qualifying vehicles, in- Below the gasoline consumption rate, clude the following additional sen- identify the vehicle’s electricity con- tence: ‘‘This is a dual fueled auto- sumption rate as specified in § 600.311; mobile.’’ See the definition of ‘‘dual to the right of this number, include the fueled automobile in § 600.002. expression: ‘‘kW-hrs per 100 miles’’. (b) Include the following elements in- (3) A second outlined box to the right stead of the information identified in of the box described in paragraph (b)(2) § 600.302–12(c)(1): of this section with the following infor- (1) The heading ‘‘Fuel Economy’’ mation: near the top left corner of the field. In- (i) The sub-heading ‘‘Gasoline Only’’. clude the statement specified in (ii) The combined fuel economy value § 600.312–12(c)(2) to the right of the for operation after the battery is fully heading. discharged as determined in § 600.311

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below the sub-heading. Include the ex- cate a broken line toward the right end pression ‘‘combined city/highway’’ of the range bar, followed by the vehi- below this number. cle’s total driving distance before run- (iii) A fuel pump logo to the left of ning out of fuel, as described in the combined fuel economy value. § 600.311. Adjust the scale and length of (iv) The units identifier and con- the range bar if the specifications in sumption rating to the right of the this paragraph (a)(5) do not work for combined fuel economy value as fol- your vehicle. Include a left-justified lows: heading above the range bar with the (A) Include the term ‘‘MPG’’ in the expression: ‘‘Driving Range’’. For vehi- upper portion of the designated space. cles that use combined power from the (B) Identify the vehicle’s gasoline battery and the engine before the bat- consumption rate as specified in tery is fully discharged, add the fol- § 600.311. lowing statement below the range bar Below this number, include the ex- described in this paragraph (b)(4): ‘‘All pression: ‘‘gallons per 100 miles’’. electric range = x miles’’; complete the (4) Insert a horizontal range bar expression by identifying the appro- below the boxes specified in paragraphs priate value for driving range starting (b)(2) and from a full battery before the engine (3) of this section that shows how far starts as described in § 600.311. the vehicle can drive before the battery (c) Include the following statement is fully discharged, and also how far instead of the one identified in the vehicle can drive before running § 600.302–12(c)(5): ‘‘This vehicle emits x out of fuel, as described in § 600.311. grams CO2 per mile. The best emits 0 Scale the range bar such that the driv- grams per mile (tailpipe only). Pro- ing range at the point of fully dis- ducing and distributing fuel and elec- charging the battery is directly be- tricity also create emissions; learn tween the two boxes. Identify the driv- more at fueleconomy.gov.’’ For x, in- ing range up to fully discharging the sert the vehicle’s composite CO2 emis- battery underneath that point on the sion rate as described in § 600.311. range bar (e.g., ‘‘50 miles’’). Use solid black for the gasoline-only portion of [76 FR 39562, July 6, 2011] the range bar. Include the left-justified expression ‘‘Gasoline only’’ in the gaso- § 600.310–12 Fuel economy label format requirements—electric vehi- line-only portion of the range bar. cles. Similarly, in the electric portion of the range bar, include the left-justified ex- Fuel economy labels for electric ve- pression ‘‘All electric range’’ if the vehicles must meet the specifications de- hicle’s engine starts only after the bat- scribed in § 600.302, with the following tery is fully discharged, or ‘‘Electricity modifications: + Gasoline’’ if the vehicle uses com- (a) Include the following statement bined power from the battery and the instead of the statement specified in engine before the battery is fully dis- § 600.302–12(b)(4): ‘‘Actual results will charged. Include a vehicle logo at the vary for many reasons, including driv- right end of the range bar. Extend an ing conditions and how you drive and arrow from the battery portion of the maintain your vehicle. The average range bar up to the right side of the new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $ b box described in paragraph (b)(2) of this to fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are section. Similarly, extend an arrow based on c miles per year at $ d per kW- from the gasoline-only portion of the hr. MPGe is miles per gasoline gallon range bar up to the left side of the box equivalent. Vehicle emissions are a sig- described in paragraph (b)(3) of this nificant cause of climate change and section. Include numbers below the bar smog.’’ For a, b, c, and d, insert the ap- showing the scale, with at least three propriate values established by EPA. evenly spaced increments to cover op- (b) Include the following elements in- eration before the battery is fully dis- stead of the information identified in charged. Include one more increment § 600.302–12(c)(1): using that same scale into the gaso- (1) The heading ‘‘Fuel Economy’’ line-only portion of the range bar. Indi- near the top left corner of the field.

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(2) The combined fuel economy value electricity; learn more at as determined in § 600.311 below the fueleconomy.gov.’’ For x, insert the ve- heading. Include the expression ‘‘com- hicle’s composite CO2 emission rate as bined city/hwy’’ below this number. described in § 600.311. (3) An electric plug logo to the left of the combined fuel economy value. [76 FR 39563, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, 2012] (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the § 600.311–12 Determination of values combined fuel economy value as fol- for fuel economy labels. lows: (i) Include the term ‘‘MPGe’’ in the (a) Fuel economy. Determine city and upper portion of the designated space. highway fuel economy values as de- (ii) Include the city fuel economy scribed in § 600.210–12(a) and (b). Deter- value determined in § 600.311 in the mine combined fuel economy values as lower left portion of the designated described in § 600.210–12(c). Note that space. Include the expression ‘‘city’’ the label for plug-in hybrid electric ve- below this number. hicles requires separate values for com- (iii) Include the highway fuel econ- bined fuel economy for vehicle oper- omy value determined in § 600.311 in the ation before and after the vehicle’s bat- lower right portion of the designated tery is fully discharged; we generally space. Include the expression ‘‘high- refer to these modes as ‘‘Blended way’’ below this number. Electric+Gas’’ (or ‘‘Electric Only’’, as (5) The fuel consumption rate deter- applicable) and ‘‘Gas only’’. mined in § 600.311, to the right of the (b) CO2 emission rate. Determine the fuel economy information. Include the engine-related CO2 emission rate as de- expression ‘‘kW-hrs per 100 miles’’ scribed in § 600.210–12(d). below the numerical value. (c) Fuel consumption rate. Calculate (6) The sub-heading ‘‘Driving Range’’ the fuel consumption rate as follows: below the combined fuel economy (1) For vehicles with engines that are value. Below this sub-heading, insert a not plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm calculate the fuel consumption rate in long to show how far the vehicle can gallons per 100 miles (or gasoline gal- drive when fully fueled. Include a vehi- lon equivalent per 100 miles for fuels cle logo at the right end of the range other than gasoline or diesel fuel) with bar. Include the following left-justified the following formula, rounded to the expression inside the range bar: ‘‘When first decimal place: fully charged, vehicle can travel about Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG * * *’’. Below the right end of the range bar, include the expression ‘‘x miles’’; Where: complete the expression by identifying MPG = The value for combined fuel economy the appropriate value for total driving from § 600.210–12(c), rounded to the near- range from § 600.311. Include numbers est whole mpg. below the bar showing the scale, with numbers starting at 0 and increasing in (2) For plug-in hybrid electric vehi- equal increments. Use good engineering cles, calculate two separate fuel con- judgment to divide the range bar into sumption rates as follows: four, five, or six increments. (i) Calculate the fuel consumption (7) Below the driving range informa- rate based on engine operation after tion, the expression ‘‘Charge Time: x the battery is fully discharged as de- hours (240V)’’, where x is the time to scribed in paragraph (c)(1) of this sec- charge the battery as specified in tion. § 600.311. Change the specified voltage if (ii) Calculate the fuel consumption appropriate as specified in § 600.311. rate during operation before the bat- (c) Include the following statement tery is fully discharged in kW-hours instead of the one identified in per 100 miles as described in SAE J1711 § 600.302–12(c)(5): ‘‘This vehicle emits x (incorporated by reference in § 600.011), grams CO2 per mile. The best emits 0 as described in § 600.116. grams per mile (tailpipe only). Does (3) For electric vehicles, calculate not include emissions from generating the fuel consumption rate in kW-hours

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per 100 miles with the following for- higher fuel consumption rates than the mula, rounded to the nearest whole 2 rating; similarly, the 10 rating will number: apply for any vehicle with lower fuel Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG consumption rates than the 9 rating. We will calculate range values for the Where: remaining intermediate ratings by di- MPG = The combined fuel economy value viding the range into equal intervals. from paragraph (a) of this section, in We will convert the resulting range in- miles per kW-hour. tervals to equivalent miles-per-gallon (4) For hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, values. We will define the greenhouse calculate the fuel consumption rate in gas ratings by converting the values kilograms of hydrogen per 100 miles from the fuel economy rating intervals with the following formula, rounded to to equivalent CO2 emission rates using the nearest whole number: the conventional conversion factor for gasoline (8887 g CO2 per gallon of con- Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG sumed fuel). Where: (e) Annual fuel cost. Calculate annual MPG = The combined fuel economy value fuel costs as follows: from paragraph (a) of this section, in (1) Except as specified in paragraph miles per kilogram of hydrogen. (e)(3) of this section, calculate the (d) Fuel economy and greenhouse gas total annual fuel cost with the fol- ratings. Determine a vehicle’s fuel lowing formula, rounded to nearest $50: economy and greenhouse gas ratings as Annual Fuel Cost = Fuel Price/MPG × follows: Average Annual Miles (1) For gasoline-fueled vehicles that are not plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Where: (including flexible fuel vehicles that Fuel Price = The estimated fuel price pro- operate on gasoline), establish a single vided by EPA for the type of fuel required for the vehicle. The units are dol- rating based only on the vehicle’s com- lars per gallon for gasoline and diesel bined fuel economy from paragraph (a) fuel, dollars per gasoline gallon equiva- of this section. For all other vehicles, lent for natural gas, dollars per kW-hr establish a fuel economy rating based for plug-in electricity, and dollars per on the vehicle’s combined fuel econ- kilogram of hydrogen for hydrogen fuel omy and establish a separate green- cell vehicles. house gas rating based on combined MPG = The combined fuel economy value CO emission rates from paragraph (b) from paragraph (a) of this section. The 2 units are miles per gallon for gasoline of this section. and diesel fuel, miles per gasoline gallon (2) We will establish the fuel econ- equivalent for natural gas, miles per kW- omy rating based on fuel consumption hr for plug-in electricity, and miles per values specified in paragraph (c) of this kilogram of hydrogen for hydrogen fuel section. We will establish the value di- cell vehicles. viding the 5 and 6 ratings based on the Average Annual Miles = The estimated an- fuel consumption corresponding to the nual mileage figure provided by EPA, in projected achieved Corporate Average miles. Fuel Economy level for the applicable (2) For dual fuel vehicles and flexible model year. This is intended to prevent fuel vehicles, disregard operation on below-average vehicles from getting an the alternative fuel. above-average fuel economy rating for (3) For plug-in hybrid electric vehi- the label. We will establish the remain- cles, calculate annual fuel cost as de- ing cutpoints based on a statistical scribed in this paragraph (e)(3). This evaluation of available information description applies for vehicles whose from the certification database for all engine starts only after the battery is model types. Specifically, the mean fully discharged. Use good engineering value plus two standard deviations will judgment to extrapolate this for calcu- define the point between the 1 and 2 lating annual fuel cost for vehicles ratings. The mean value minus two that use combined power from the bat- standard deviations will define the tery and the engine before the battery point between the 9 and 10 ratings. The is fully discharged. Calculate annual 1 rating will apply for any vehicle with fuel cost as follows:

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(i) Determine the charge-depleting sult by 50 to determine the annual fuel ranges for city and highway operation cost to be used for purposes of labeling. as described in paragraph (j)(4)(i) of (f) Fuel savings. Calculate an esti- this section. Adjust each of these val- mated five-year cost increment rel- ues for 5-cycle operation. ative to an average vehicle by multi- (ii) Calculate multi-day individual plying the annual fuel cost from para- utility factors (UF) as described in graph (e) of this section by 5 and sub- § 600.116 corresponding to the driving tracting this value from the average ranges from paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this five-year fuel cost. We will calculate section. the average five-year fuel cost from the (iii) Calculate values for the vehicle’s annual fuel cost equation in paragraph average fuel economy over the charge- (e) of this section based on a gasoline- depleting range (in miles per kW-hr) fueled vehicle with a mean fuel econ- for city and highway operation as de- omy value, consistent with the value scribed in § 600.210. Adjust each of these dividing the 5 and 6 ratings under para- values for 5-cycle operation. Convert graph (d) of this section. The average these to $/mile values by dividing the five-year fuel cost for model year 2012 appropriate fuel price from paragraph is $12,600 for a 22-mpg vehicle that (e)(1) of this section by the average fuel drives 15,000 miles per year with gaso- economy determined in this paragraph line priced at $3.70 per gallon. We may (e)(3)(iii). periodically update this five year ref- (iv) Calculate values for the vehicle’s erence fuel cost for later model years average fuel economy over the charge- to better characterize the fuel economy sustaining range (in miles per gallon) for an average vehicle. Round the cal- for city and highway operation as de- culated five-year cost increment to the scribed in § 600.210–12. Adjust each of nearest $50. Negative values represent these values for 5-cycle operation. Con- a cost increase compared to the aver- vert these to $/mile values by dividing age vehicle. the appropriate fuel price from para- (g) Smog rating. Establish a rating for graph (e)(1) of this section by the aver- exhaust emissions other than CO2 age fuel economy determined in this based on the applicable emission stand- paragraph (e)(3)(iv). ards for the appropriate model year as (v) Calculate a composite $/mile shown in Tables 1 through 3 of this sec- value for city driving using the fol- tion. For Independent Commercial Im- lowing equation: porters that import vehicles not subject to Tier 2 or Tier 3 emission stand- $/mile = $/mileCD × UF + $/mileCS × (1– UF) ards, the vehicle’s smog rating is 1. Similarly, if a manufacturer certifies (vi) Repeat the calculation in para- vehicles to emission standards that are graph (e)(3)(v) of this section for high- less stringent than all the identified way driving. standards for any reason, the vehicle’s (vii) Calculate the annual fuel cost smog rating is 1. If EPA or California based on the combined values for city emission standards change in the fu- and highway driving using the fol- ture, we may revise the emission levels lowing equation: corresponding to each rating for future Annual fuel cost = ($/milecity × 0.55 + $/ model years as appropriate to reflect milehwy × 0.45) × Average Annual the changed standards. If this occurs, Miles we would publish the revised ratings as (4) Round the annual fuel cost to the described in § 600.302–12(k), allowing nearest $50 by dividing the unrounded sufficient lead time to make the annual fuel cost by 50, then rounding changes; we would also expect to ini- the result to the nearest whole num- tiate a rulemaking to update the smog ber, then multiplying this rounded re- rating in the regulation.

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TABLE 1 OF § 600.311–12—CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING SMOG RATING FOR MODEL YEAR 2025 AND LATER

California Air Resources Board LEV III Rating U.S. EPA Tier 3 Emission Standard Emission Standard

1 ...... Bin 160 ...... LEV 160. 2 ...... Bin 125 ...... ULEV125. 4 ...... Bin 70 ...... ULEV70. 5 ...... Bin 50 ...... ULEV50. 6 ...... Bin 30 ...... SULEV30. 7 ...... Bin 20 ...... SULEV20. 10 ...... Bin 0 ...... ZEV.

TABLE 2 OF § 600.311–12—CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING SMOG RATING FOR MODEL YEARS 2018– 2024

U.S. EPA Tier 3 Emis- U.S EPA Tier 2 Emission California Air Resources Board LEV III Rating sion Standard Standard Emission Standard

1 ...... Bin 160 ...... Bin 5 through Bin 8 ...... LEV 160. 3 ...... Bin 125 ...... Bin 4 ...... ULEV125. 5 ...... Bin 70 ...... Bin 3 ...... ULEV70. 6 ...... Bin 50 ...... ULEV50. 7 ...... Bin 30 ...... Bin 2 ...... SULEV30. 8 ...... Bin 20 ...... SULEV20. 10 ...... Bin 0 ...... Bin 1 ...... ZEV.

TABLE 3 OF § 600.311–12—CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING SMOG RATING THROUGH MODEL YEAR 2017

California Air Resources Rating U.S. EPA Tier 2 Emis- Board LEV II California Air Resources Board LEV III sion Standard Emission Standard Emission Standard

1 ...... ULEV & LEV II large trucks. 2 ...... Bin 8 ...... SULEV II large trucks. 3 ...... Bin 7. 4 ...... Bin 6 ...... LEV II, option 1. 5 ...... Bin 5 ...... LEV II ...... LEV160. 6 ...... Bin 4 ...... ULEV II ...... ULEV125. 7 ...... Bin 3 ...... ULEV70, ULEV50. 8 ...... Bin 2 ...... SULEV II ...... SULEV30. 9 ...... PZEV ...... SULEV20, PZEV. 10 ...... Bin 1 ...... ZEV ...... ZEV.

(h) Ranges of fuel economy and CO2 (j) Driving range. Determine the driv- emission values. We will determine the range ing range for certain vehicles as fol- of combined fuel economy and CO2 lows: emission values for each vehicle class (1) For vehicles operating on non- identified in § 600.315. We will generally pressurized liquid fuels, determine the update these range values before the vehicle’s driving range in miles by start of each model year based on the multiplying the combined fuel econ- lowest and highest values within each omy described in paragraph (a) of this vehicle class. We will also use this section by the vehicle’s usable fuel same information to establish a range storage capacity, rounded to the near- of fuel economy values for all vehicles. est whole number. Continue to use the most recently pub- (2) For electric vehicles, determine lished numbers until we update them, the vehicle’s overall driving range as described in Section 8 of SAE J1634 (in- even if you start a new model year be- corporated by reference in § 600.011), as fore we publish the range values for the described in § 600.116. Determine sepa- new model year. rate range values for FTP-based city (i) [Reserved] and HFET-based highway driving, then calculate a combined value by

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arithmetically averaging the two val- kilograms of hydrogen), rounded to the ues, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, nearest whole number. and rounding to the nearest whole (k) Charge time. For electric vehicles, number. determine the time it takes to fully (3) For natural gas vehicles, deter- charge the battery from a 240 volt mine the vehicle’s driving range in power source to the point that the bat- miles by multiplying the combined fuel tery meets the manufacturer’s end-of- economy described in paragraph (a) of charge criteria, consistent with the this section by the vehicle’s usable fuel procedures specified in SAE J1634 (in- storage capacity (expressed in gasoline corporated by reference in § 600.011) for gallon equivalents), rounded to the electric vehicles and in SAE J1711 (in- nearest whole number. corporated by reference in § 600.011) for (4) For plug-in hybrid electric vehi- plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, as de- cles, determine the battery driving scribed in § 600.116. This value may be range and overall driving range as de- more or less than the 12-hour minimum scribed in SAE J1711 (incorporated by charging time specified for testing. reference in § 600.011), as described in You must alternatively specify the § 600.116, as follows: charge time based on a standard 120 (i) Determine the vehicle’s Actual volt power source if the vehicle cannot Charge-Depleting Range, Rcda. Deter- be charged at the higher voltage. mine separate range values for FTP- (l) California-specific values. If the Ad- based city and HFET-based highway ministrator determines that auto- driving, then calculate a combined mobiles intended for sale in California value by arithmetically averaging the are likely to exhibit significant dif- two values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 references in fuel economy or other label spectively, and rounding to the nearest values from those intended for sale in whole number. Precondition the vehi- other states, the Administrator will cle as needed to minimize engine oper- compute separate values for each class ation for consuming stored fuel vapors of automobiles for California and for in evaporative canisters; for example, the other states. you may purge the evaporative canister or time a refueling event to avoid [76 FR 39563, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 engine starting related to purging the FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, canister. For vehicles that use com- 2012; 79 FR 23747, Apr. 28, 2014] bined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully dis- § 600.312–08 Labeling, reporting, and charged, also use this procedure to es- recordkeeping; Administrator reviews. tablish an all electric range by determining the distance the vehicle drives (a)(1) The manufacturer shall deter- before the engine starts, rounded to the mine label values (general and specific) nearest mile. You may represent this using the procedures specified in sub- as a range of values. We may approve parts C and D of this part and submit adjustments to these procedures if they the label values, and the data sufficient are necessary to properly characterize to calculate the label values, to the Ad- a vehicle’s all electric range. ministrator according to the timetable (ii) Use good engineering judgment to specified in § 600.313. calculate the vehicle’s operating dis- (2) Except under paragraph (a)(4) of tance before the fuel tank is empty this section, the manufacturer is not when starting with a full fuel tank and required to obtain Administrator ap- a fully charged battery, consistent proval of label values prior to the in- with the procedure and calculation troduction of vehicles for sale. specified in this paragraph (j), rounded (3) The label values that the manu- to the nearest 10 miles. facturer calculates and submits under (5) For hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall determine the vehicle’s driving range constitute the EPA fuel economy esti- in miles by multiplying the combined mates unless the Administrator deter- fuel economy described in paragraph mines that they are not calculated ac- (a) of this section by the vehicle’s usa- cording to the procedures specified in ble fuel storage capacity (expressed in subparts C and D of this part.

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(4) If required by the Administrator, (ii) Require such changes to be imple- the manufacturer shall obtain Admin- mented on a reasonable timetable, but istrator approval of label values prior no sooner than 15 days from the date of to affixing labels to vehicles. notification to the manufacturer. (5)(i) If at any time during the model [49 FR 13852, Apr. 6, 1984. Redesignated at 76 year, any label values are determined FR 39558, July 6, 2011] not to be calculated according to the procedures specified in subparts C and § 600.313–08 Timetable for data and in- D of this part, the Administrator shall formation submittal and review. notify the manufacturer in writing. (a) A manufacturer shall submit to (ii) If the Administrator has suffi- the Administrator fuel economy label cient information to enable calculation values and sufficient information to of the correct label values, this notifi- determine fuel economy label values cation shall specify the correct label within the following time constraints values which constitute the EPA Fuel (except for manufacturers designated Economy Estimates. under § 600.312(a)(4) who shall submit (iii) If additional information is re- the information no later than thirty quired, the Administrator shall request calendar days prior to the date the such additional information and a re- model type [vehicle] is initially offered calculation of the label value by the for sale. manufacturer. (1) For initial general label values, no (6) If the Administrator determines later than five working days before the revised label values under paragraph date that the model type is initially of- (a)(5) of this section are lower than the fered for sale; label values calculated by the manu- (2) For specific label values, no later facturer, the manufacturer shall affix than five working days before any vehi- the revised labels to all affected new cles are offered for sale; vehicles which are unsold beginning no (3) For model types having label val- later than 15 calendar days after the ues updated because of running date of notification by the Adminis- changes (as required under § 600.314(b)), trator. the submission must be made at least (b)(1) The manufacturer is respon- five working days before the date of sible for affixing vehicle labels that implementation of the running change. meet the format and content require- (b) A manufacturer may not proceed ments of this subpart. with any label calculation until the (2) The manufacturer shall retain for data from each vehicle used in such examination, at the Administrator’s calculation satisfies the requirements discretion, typical label formats rep- of § 600.008, except as allowed under the resenting all information required on provisions of § 600.314–01(e) and ap- the manufacturer’s fuel economy la- proved by the Administrator. bels. The information shall include the (c) If the Administrator has waived text of all required and voluntary in- any testing in paragraph (b) of this sec- formation as well as the size and color tion and subsequently finds that the of print and paper, spacing, and loca- decision to waive testing was based on tion of all printed information. Where an incorrect data submission or that a the fuel economy label is incorporated fuel economy offset exists (based on with the Automobile Information Dis- subsequent testing of that manufactur- closure Act label, the above require- er’s product line), the Administrator ments pertain to those sections of the may require confirmation of the data label concerning fuel economy labeling generated by any such waived vehicle. information. [64 FR 23975, May 4, 1999. Redesignated at 76 (3) If the Administrator determines FR 39558, July 6, 2011] upon examination of record that the label format or content do not meet § 600.314–08 Updating label values, an- the requirements of this subpart, the nual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and Administrator may: range of fuel economy for com- (i) Require the manufacturer to make parable automobiles. specific changes in subsequent labels, (a) The label values established in and § 600.312 shall remain in effect for the

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model year unless updated in accord- turer shall concurrently update all ance with paragraph (b) of this section. other label information (e.g., the an- (b)(1) The manufacturer shall recal- nual fuel cost, range of comparable ve- culate the model type fuel economy hicles and the applicability of the Gas values for any model type containing Guzzler Tax as needed). base levels affected by running changes (d) The Administrator shall periodi- specified in § 600.507. cally update the range of fuel econo- (2) For separate model types created mies of comparable automobiles based in § 600.209–08(a)(2) or § 600.209–12(a)(2), upon all label data supplied to the Ad- the manufacturer shall recalculate the ministrator. model type values for any additions or (e) The manufacturer may request deletions of subconfigurations to the permission from the Administrator to model type. Minimum data require- calculate and use label values based on ments specified in § 600.010(c) shall be test data from vehicles which have not met prior to recalculation. completed the Administrator-ordered (3) Label value recalculations shall confirmatory testing required under be performed as follows: the provisions of § 600.008–08(b). If the (i) The manufacturer shall use up- Administrator approves such a calcula- dated total model year projected sales tion the following procedures shall be for label value recalculations. used to determine if relabeling is re- (ii) All model year data approved by quired after the confirmatory testing is the Administrator at the time of the completed. recalculation for that model type shall (1) The Administrator-ordered con- be included in the recalculation. firmatory testing shall be completed as (iii) Using the additional data under quickly as possible. this paragraph (b), the manufacturer (2) Using the additional data under shall calculate new model type city paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the and highway values in accordance with manufacturer shall calculate new § 600.210 except that the values shall be model type city and highway values in rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. accordance with §§ 600.207 and 600.210 (iv) The existing label values, cal- except that the values shall be rounded culated in accordance with § 600.210, to the nearest 0.1 mpg. shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (3) The existing label values, cal- (4)(i) If the recalculated city or high- culated in accordance with § 600.210, way fuel economy value in paragraph shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less than the (4) The manufacturer may need to re- respective city or highway value in vise fuel economy labels as follows: paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by (i) If the recalculated city or highway 1.0 mpg or more, the manufacturer fuel economy value in paragraph shall affix labels with the recalculated (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less than the model type values (rounded to the respective city or highway value in nearest whole mpg) to all new vehicles paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by of that model type beginning on the 0.5 mpg or more, the manufacturer day of implementation of the running shall affix labels with the recalculated change. model type MPG values (rounded to the (ii) If the recalculated city or high- nearest whole number) to all new vehi- way fuel economy value in paragraph cles of that model type beginning 15 (b)(3)(iii) of this section is higher than days after the completion of the con- the respective city or highway value in firmatory test. paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by (ii) If both the recalculated city or 1.0 mpg or more, then the manufac- highway fuel economy value in para- turer has the option to use the recal- graph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less culated values for labeling the entire than the respective city or highway model type beginning on the day of im- value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this sec- plementation of the running change. tion by 0.1 mpg or more and the recal- (c) For fuel economy labels updated culated gas guzzler tax rate determined using recalculated fuel economy values under the provisions of § 600.513–08 is determined in accordance with para- larger, the manufacturer shall affix la- graph (b) of this section, the manufac- bels with the recalculated model type

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values and gas guzzler tax statement (viii) Midsize station wagons. Station and rates to all new vehicles of that wagons with interior volume index model type beginning 15 days after the greater than or equal to 130 cubic feet completion of the confirmatory test. but less than 160 cubic feet. (5) For fuel economy labels updated (ix) Large station wagons. Station using recalculated fuel economy values wagons with interior volume index determined in accordance with para- greater than or equal to 160 cubic feet. graph (e)(4) of this section, the manu- (2) The Administrator will classify facturer shall concurrently update all light trucks (nonpassenger auto- other label information (e.g., the an- mobiles) into the following classes: nual fuel cost, range of comparable ve- Small pickup trucks, standard pickup hicles and the applicability of the Gas trucks, vans, minivans, and SUVs. Guzzler Tax if required by Department Starting in the 2013 model year, SUVs of Treasury regulations). will be divided between small sport utility vehicles and standard sport [76 FR 39565, July 6, 2011] utility vehicles. Pickup trucks and § 600.315–08 Classes of comparable SUVs are separated by car line on the automobiles. basis of gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). For a product line with more (a) The Secretary will classify auto- than one GVWR, establish the char- mobiles as passenger automobiles or acteristic GVWR value for the product light trucks (nonpassenger auto- line by calculating the arithmetic av- mobiles) in accordance with 49 CFR erage of all distinct GVWR values less part 523. than or equal to 8,500 pounds available (1) The Administrator will classify for that product line. The Adminis- passenger automobiles by car line into trator may determine that specific one of the following classes based on light trucks should be most appro- interior volume index or seating capac- priately placed in a different class or in ity except for those passenger auto- the special purpose vehicle class as mobiles which the Administrator de- provided in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and (ii) termines are most appropriately placed of this section, based on the features in a different classification or classed and characteristics of the specific vehi- as special purpose vehicles as provided cle, consumer information provided by in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. the manufacturer, and other informa- (i) Two seaters. A car line shall be tion available to consumers. classed as ‘‘Two Seater’’ if the major- (i) Small pickup trucks. Pickup ity of the vehicles in that car line have trucks with a GVWR below 6,000 no more than two designated seating pounds. positions as such term is defined in the (ii) Standard pickup trucks. Pickup regulations of the National Highway trucks with a GVWR at or above 6,000 Traffic Safety Administration, Depart- pounds and at or below 8,500 pounds. ment of Transportation (DOT), 49 CFR (iii) Vans. 571.3. (iv) Minivans. (ii) Minicompact cars. Interior volume (v) Small sport utility vehicles. index less than 85 cubic feet. Sport utility vehicles with a GVWR (iii) Subcompact cars. Interior volume below 6,000 pounds. index greater than or equal to 85 cubic (vi) Standard sport utility vehicles. feet but less than 100 cubic feet. Sport utility vehicles with a GVWR at (iv) Compact cars. Interior volume or above 6,000 pounds and at or below index greater than or equal to 100 cubic 10,000 pounds. feet but less than 110 cubic feet. (3)(i) Special purpose vehicles. All (v) Midsize cars. Interior volume automobiles with GVWR less than or index greater than or equal to 110 cubic equal to 8,500 pounds and all medium- feet but less than 120 cubic feet. duty passenger vehicles which possess (vi) Large cars. Interior volume index special features and which the Admin- greater than or equal to 120 cubic feet. istrator determines are more appro- (vii) Small station wagons. Station priately classified separately from typ- wagons with interior volume index less ical automobiles or which do not meet than 130 cubic feet. the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1)

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and (2) of this section will be classified cles of each body style in each car line, as special purpose vehicles. For exam- and do not include optional equipment. ple, the Administrator may determine The dimensions H61, W3, W5, L34, H63, that advanced technology vehicles W4, W6, L51, H201, L205, L210, L211, (such as battery electric vehicles, fuel H198, W201, and volume V1 are to be de- cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric ve- termined in accordance with the proce- hicles and vehicles equipped with hy- dures outlined in Motor Vehicle Di- drogen internal combustion engines) mensions SAE 1100a (incorporated by should be appropriately classified as a reference in § 600.011), except as follows: type of ‘‘special purpose vehicle.’’ The (1) SAE J1100a(2.3)—Cargo dimensions. Administrator may determine appro- All dimensions are measured with the priate names for such types of special front seat positioned the same as for purpose vehicles, different from the the interior dimensions and the second name ‘‘special purpose vehicle.’’ seat, for the station wagons and (ii) All automobiles which possess hatchbacks, in the upright position. features that could apply to two class- All head restraints shall be in the es will be classified by the Adminis- stowed position and considered part of trator based on the Administrator’s the seat. judgment on which class of vehicles (2) SAE J1100a(8)—Luggage capacity. consumers are more likely to make Total of columns of individual pieces of comparisons. standard luggage set plus H boxes (4) Once a certain car line is classi- stowed in the luggage compartment in fied by the Administrator, the classi- accordance with the procedure de- fication will remain in effect for the scribed in 8.2. For passenger auto- model year. mobiles with no rear seat or with two (b) Interior volume index—passenger rear seats with no rear seatbelts, the (1) The interior volume automobiles. luggage compartment shall include the index shall be calculated for each car area to the rear of the front seat, with line which is not a ‘‘two seater’’ car the rear seat (if applicable) folded, to line, in cubic feet rounded to the near- the height of a horizontal plane tan- est 0.1 cubic foot. For car lines with gent to the top of the front seatback. more than one body style, the interior volume index for the car line is the (3) SAE J1100a(7)—Cargo dimensions. (i) arithmetic average of the interior vol- L210-Cargo length at second seatback ume indexes of each body style in the height-hatchback. The minimum hori- car line. zontal dimension from the ‘‘X’’ plane (2) For all body styles except station tangent to the rearmost surface of the wagons and hatchbacks with more than second seatback to the inside limiting one seat (e.g., with a second or third interference of the hatchback door on seat) equipped with seatbelts as re- the zero ‘‘Y’’ plane. quired by DOT safety regulations, inte- (ii) L211—Cargo length at floor-second- rior volume index is the sum, rounded hatchback. The minimum horizontal di- to the nearest 0.1 cubic feet, of the mensions at floor level from the rear of front seat volume, the rear seat vol- the second seatback to the normal lim- ume(s), if applicable, and the luggage iting interference of the hatchback capacity. door on the vehicle zero ‘‘Y’’ plane. (3) For all station wagons and (iii) H198—Second seatback to load hatchbacks with more than one seat floor height. The dimension measured (e.g., with a second or third seat) vertically from the horizontal tangent equipped with seatbelts as required by to the top of the second seatback to DOT safety regulations, interior vol- the undepressed floor covering. ume index is the sum, rounded to the (d) The front seat volume is cal- nearest 0.1 cubic feet, of the front seat culated in cubic feet by dividing 1,728 volume, the rear seat volume, and the into the product of three terms listed cargo volume index. below and rounding the quotient to the (c) All interior and cargo dimensions nearest 0.001 cubic feet: are measured in inches to the nearest (1) H61—Effective head room-front. (In 0.1 inch. All dimensions and volumes inches, obtained according to para- shall be determined from the base vehi- graph (c) of this section),

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(2)(i) (W3+W5+5)/2-Average of shoul- (A) W4—Shoulder room-second (in der and hip room-front, if hip room is inches obtained according to paragraph more than 5 inches less than shoulder (c) of this section); and room. (In inches, W3 and W5 are ob- (B) W201—Cargo width-wheelhouse tained according to paragraph (c) of (in inches obtained according to para- this section), or graph (c) of this section). (ii) W3-Shoulder room-front, if hip (ii) H201–Cargo height. (In inches ob- room is not more than 5 inches less tained according to paragraph (c) of than shoulder room. (In inches, W3 is this section.) obtained according to paragraph (c) of (iii) L205–Cargo length at belt-second. this section), and (In inches obtained according to para- (3) L34—Maximum effective leg room-ac- graph (c) of this section.) celerator. (In inches, obtained according (2) For hatchbacks, the cargo volume to paragraph (c) of this section.) Round index V11 is calculated, in cubic feet, the quotient to the nearest 0.001 cubic by dividing 1,728 into the product of feet. three terms and rounding the quotient (e) The rear seat volume is calculated to the nearest 0.001 cubic foot: in cubic feet, for vehicles with a rear (i) Average cargo length, which is the seat equipped with rear seat belts (as arithmetic average of: required by DOT), by dividing 1,728 into (A) L210–Cargo length at second the product of three terms listed below seatback height-hatchback. (In inches and rounding the quotient to the near- obtained according to paragraph (c) of est 0.001 cubic feet: this section); (1) H63—Effective head room-second. (B) L211–Cargo length at floor-sec- (Inches obtained according to para- ond-hatchback. (In inches obtained ac- graph (c) of this section), cording to paragraph (c) of this sec- (2)(i) (W4+W6+5)/2-Average of shoul- tion); der and hip room-second, if hip room is (ii) W4–Shoulder room-second. (In more than 5 inches less than shoulder inches obtained according to paragraph room. (In inches, W4 and W6 are ob- (c) of this section); tained according to paragraph (c) of (iii) H198—Second seatback to load this section), or floor height. (In inches obtained ac- (ii) W4—Shoulder room-second, if hip cording to paragraph (c) of this sec- room is not more than 5 inches less tion.) than shoulder room. (In inches, W4 is (h) The following data must be sub- obtained according to paragraph (c) of mitted to the Administrator no later this section), and than the time of a general label re- (3) L51—Minimum effective leg room- quest. Data shall be included for each second. (In inches obtained according to body style in the car line covered by paragraph (c) of this section.) that general label. (f) The luggage capacity is V1, the us- (1) For all passenger automobiles: able luggage capacity obtained accord- (i) Dimensions H61, W3, L34 deter- ing to paragraph (c) of this section. For mined in accordance with paragraph (c) passenger automobiles with no rear of this section. seat or with a rear seat but no rear (ii) Front seat volume determined in seat belts, the area to the rear of the accordance with paragraph (d) of this front seat shall be included in the de- section. termination of V1, usable luggage ca- (iii) Dimensions H63, W4, L51 (if ap- pacity, as outlined in paragraph (c) of plicable) determined in accordance this section. with paragraph (c) of this section. (g) Cargo volume index. (1) For station (iv) Rear seat volume (if applicable) wagons the cargo volume index V10 is determined in accordance with para- calculated, in cubic feet, by dividing graph (e) of this section. 1,728 into the product of three terms (v) The interior volume index deter- and rounding the quotient to the near- mined in accordance with paragraph (b) est 0.001 cubic feet: of this section for: (i) Average cargo width, which is the (A) Each body style, and arithmetic average of: (B) The car line.

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(vi) The class of the car line as deter- Subpart E—Dealer Availability of mined in paragraph (a) of this section. Fuel Economy Information (2) For all passenger automobiles except station wagons and hatchbacks SOURCE: 41 FR 49764, Nov. 10, 1976, unless with more than one seat (e.g., with a otherwise noted. second or third seat) equipped with seat belts as required by DOT safety § 600.405–08 Dealer requirements. regulations: (a) Each dealer shall prominently (i) The quantity and letter designa- display at each location where new tion of the pieces of the standard lug- automobiles are offered for sale a copy gage set installed in the vehicle in the of the annual Fuel Economy Guide con- determination of usable luggage capac- taining the information specified in ity V1, and § 600.407. The Fuel Economy Guide may (ii) The usable luggage capacity V1, be made available either in hard copy determined in accordance with para- or electronically via an on-site com- graph (f) of this section. puter available for prospective pur- (3) For station wagons with more chasers to view and print as desired. than one seat (e.g., with a second or The dealer shall provide this informa- third seat) equipped with seat belts as tion without charge. The dealer will be required by DOT safety regulations: expected to make this information (i) The dimensions H201, L205, and available as soon as it is received by W201 determined in accordance with the dealer, but in no case later than 15 paragraph (c) of this section, and working days after notification is (ii) The cargo volume index V10 de- given of its availability. The Depart- termined in accordance with paragraph ment of Energy will annually notify (g)(1) of this section. dealers of the availability of the information with instructions on how to ob- (4) For hatchbacks with more than tain it either electronically or in hard one seat (e.g., with a second or third copy. seat) equipped with seat belts as re- (b) The dealer shall display the Fuel quired by DOT safety regulations: Economy Guide, or a notice of where (i) The dimensions L210, L211, and the customer can electronically access H198 determined in accordance with the Fuel Economy Guide, in the same paragraph (c) of this section. manner and in each location used to (ii) The cargo volume index V11 de- display brochures describing the auto- termined in accordance with paragraph mobiles offered for sale by the dealer. (g)(2) of this section. The notice shall include a link to the (5) For pickup trucks: official Web site where this informa- (i) All GVWR’s of less than or equal tion is contained (http:// to 8,500 pounds available in the car www.fueleconomy.gov.) line. (c) The dealer shall display the book- (ii) The arithmetic average GVWR let applicable to each model year auto- for the car line. mobile offered for sale at the location. [71 FR 77952, Dec. 27, 2006; 72 FR 7921, Feb. 21, [71 FR 77954, Dec. 27, 2006] 2007, as amended at 74 FR 61552, Nov. 25, 2009; 76 FR 39566, July 6, 2011] § 600.407–08 Booklets displayed by dealers. § 600.316–08 Multistage manufacture. (a) Booklets displayed by dealers in Where more than one person is the order to fulfill the obligations of manufacturer of a vehicle, the final § 600.405 may be either stage manufacturer (as defined in 49 (1) The printed copy of the annual CFR 529.3) is treated as the vehicle Fuel Economy Guide published by the manufacturer for purposes of compli- Department of Energy, or; ance with this subpart. (2) Optionally, dealers may display the Fuel Economy Guide on a com- [76 FR 39566, July 6, 2011] puter that is linked to the electronic version of the Fuel Economy Guide

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(available at http:// fective during the course of a model www.fueleconomy.gov), or; year, and (3) A booklet approved by the Admin- (2) The number of automobiles within istrator of EPA containing the same the car line produced during the part of information, format, and order as the the model year that the price list was Fuel Economy Guide published by the in effect. Department of Energy. Such a booklet (c) Equivalent petroleum-based fuel may highlight the dealer’s product line economy value means a number rep- by contrasting color of ink or boldface resenting the average number of miles type and may include other supple- traveled by an electric vehicle per gal- mental information regarding the deal- lon of gasoline. er’s product line subject to approval by the Administrator. [76 FR 39567, July 6, 2011] (b) A manufacturer’s name and logo or a dealer’s name and address or both § 600.507–12 Running change data re- may appear on the back cover of the quirements. hard copies of the Fuel Economy (a) Except as specified in paragraph Guide. (d) of this section, the manufacturer shall submit additional running change [71 FR 77954, Dec. 27, 2006] fuel economy and carbon-related exhaust emissions data as specified in Subpart F—Procedures for Deter- paragraph (b) of this section for any mining Manufacturer’s Aver- running change approved or imple- age Fuel Economy and Man- mented under § 86.1842 of this chapter, ufacturer’s Average Carbon- which: Related Exhaust Emissions (1) Creates a new base level or, (2) Affects an existing base level by: AUTHORITY: Sec. 301, Pub. L. 94–163, 89 Stat. (i) Adding an axle ratio which is at 901 (15 U.S.C. 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006). least 10 percent larger (or, optionally, SOURCE: 42 FR 45662, Sept. 12, 1977, unless 10 percent smaller) than the largest otherwise noted. axle ratio tested. (ii) Increasing (or, optionally, de- § 600.502 Definitions. creasing) the road-load horsepower for The following definitions apply to a subconfiguration by 10 percent or this subpart in addition to those in more for the individual running change § 600.002: or, when considered cumulatively, (a) The Declared value of imported since original certification (for each components shall be: cumulative 10 percent increase using (1) The value at which components the originally certified road-load are declared by the importer to the horsepower as a base). U.S. Customs Service at the date of (iii) Adding a new subconfiguration entry into the customs territory of the by increasing (or, optionally, decreas- United States; or ing) the equivalent test weight for any (2) With respect to imports into Can- previously tested subconfiguration in ada, the declared value of such compo- the base level. nents as if they were declared as im- (iv) Revising the calibration of an ports into the United States at the electric vehicle, fuel cell vehicle, hy- date of entry into Canada; or brid electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid (3) With respect to imports into Mex- electric vehicle or other advanced tech- ico, the declared value of such compo- nology vehicle in such a way that the nents as if they were declared as im- city or highway fuel economy of the ports into the United States at the vehicle (or the energy consumption of date of entry into Mexico. the vehicle, as may be applicable) is ex- (b) Cost of production of a car line pected to become less fuel efficient (or shall mean the aggregate of the prod- optionally, more fuel efficient) by 4.0 ucts of: percent or more as compared to the (1) The average U.S. dealer wholesale original fuel economy label values for price for such car line as computed fuel economy and/or energy consump- from each official dealer price list ef- tion, as applicable.

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(b)(1) The additional running change by the manufacturer for any vehicle fuel economy and carbon-related ex- configuration which is not required to haust emissions data requirement in be tested by § 600.507. paragraph (a) of this section will be determined based on the sales of the vehi- [75 FR 25713, May 7, 2010] cle configurations in the created or affected base level(s) as updated at the § 600.510–12 Calculation of average fuel economy and average carbon- time of running change approval. related exhaust emissions. (2) Within each newly created base level as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of (a)(1) Average fuel economy will be this section, the manufacturer shall calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg for submit data from the highest projected the categories of automobiles identi- total model year sales subconfigura- fied in this section, and the results of tion within the highest projected total such calculations will be reported to model year sales configuration in the the Secretary of Transportation for use base level. in determining compliance with the ap- (3) Within each base level affected by plicable fuel economy standards. a running change as specified in para- (i) An average fuel economy calcula- graph (a)(2) of this section, fuel econ- tion will be made for the category of omy and carbon-related exhaust emis- passenger automobiles as determined sions data shall be submitted for the by the Secretary of Transportation. vehicle configuration created or af- For example, categories may include, fected by the running change which has but are not limited to domestically the highest total model year projected manufactured and/or non-domestically sales. The test vehicle shall be of the manufactured passenger automobiles subconfiguration created by the run- as determined by the Secretary of ning change which has the highest pro- Transportation. jected total model year sales within (ii) [Reserved] the applicable vehicle configuration. (iii) An average fuel economy cal- (c) The manufacturer shall submit culation will be made for the category the fuel economy data required by this of trucks as determined by the Sec- section to the Administrator in accord- retary of Transportation. For example, ance with § 600.314. (d) For those model types created categories may include, but are not under § 600.208–12(a)(2), the manufac- limited to domestically manufactured turer shall submit fuel economy and trucks, non-domestically manufac- carbon-related exhaust emissions data tured trucks, light-duty trucks, me- for each subconfiguration added by a dium-duty passenger vehicles, and/or running change. heavy-duty trucks as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. [75 FR 25713, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 (iv) [Reserved] FR 39567, July 6, 2011] (2) Average carbon-related exhaust § 600.509–12 Voluntary submission of emissions will be calculated to the additional data. nearest one gram per mile for the cat- (a) The manufacturer may optionally egories of automobiles identified in submit data in addition to the data re- this section, and the results of such quired by the Administrator. calculations will be reported to the Ad- (b) Additional fuel economy and car- ministrator for use in determining bon-related exhaust emissions data compliance with the applicable CO2 may be submitted by the manufacturer emission standards. for any vehicle configuration which is (i) An average carbon-related exhaust to be tested as required in § 600.507 or emissions calculation will be made for for which fuel economy and carbon-re- passenger automobiles. lated exhaust emissions data were pre- (ii) An average carbon-related ex- viously submitted under paragraph (c) haust emissions calculation will be of this section. made for light trucks. (c) Within a base level, additional (b) For the purpose of calculating av- fuel economy and carbon-related ex- erage fuel economy under paragraph (c) haust emissions data may be submitted of this section and for the purpose of

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calculating average carbon-related ex- (i) Separate fuel economy values will haust emissions under paragraph (j) of be calculated for vehicle configurations this section: associated with car lines for each cat- (1) All fuel economy and carbon-re- egory of passenger automobiles and lated exhaust emissions data submitted light trucks as determined by the Sec- in accordance with § 600.006(e) or retary of Transportation pursuant to § 600.512(c) shall be used. paragraph (a)(1) of this section. (2) The combined city/highway fuel (ii) Total model year production economy and carbon-related exhaust data, as required by this subpart will emission values will be calculated for be used instead of sales projections; each model type in accordance with and § 600.208 except that: (i) Separate fuel economy values will (iii) [Reserved] be calculated for model types and base (4) Emergency vehicles may be ex- levels associated with car lines for cluded from the fleet average carbon- each category of passenger auto- related exhaust emission calculations mobiles and light trucks as determined described in paragraph (j) of this sec- by the Secretary of Transportation tion. The manufacturer should notify pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this sec- the Administrator that they are mak- tion. ing such an election in the model year (ii) Total model year production reports required under § 600.512 of this data, as required by this subpart, will chapter. Such vehicles should be ex- be used instead of sales projections; cluded from both the calculation of the (iii) [Reserved] fleet average standard for a manufac- (iv) The fuel economy value will be turer under 40 CFR 86.1818–12(c)(4) and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; from the calculation of the fleet aver- (v) The carbon-related exhaust emis- age carbon-related exhaust emissions sion value will be rounded to the near- in paragraph (j) of this section. est gram per mile; and (c)(1) Average fuel economy shall be (vi) At the manufacturer’s option, calculated as follows: those vehicle configurations that are (i) Except as allowed in paragraph (d) self-compensating to altitude changes of this section, the average fuel econ- may be separated by sales into high-altitude sales categories and low-altitude omy for the model years before 2017 sales categories. These separate sales will be calculated individually for each categories may then be treated (only category identified in paragraph (a)(1) for the purpose of this section) as sepa- of this according to the provisions of rate configurations in accordance with paragraph (c)(2) of this section. the procedure of § 600.208–12(a)(4)(ii). (ii) Except as permitted in paragraph (3) The fuel economy and carbon-re- (d) of this section, the average fuel lated exhaust emission values for each economy for the 2017 and later model vehicle configuration are the combined years will be calculated individually fuel economy and carbon-related ex- for each category identified in para- haust emissions calculated according graph (a)(1) of this section using the to § 600.206–12(a)(3) except that: following equation:

Where: FCIVAC = Air conditioning fuel economy Average MPG = the fleet average fuel econ- credits for a category of vehicles, in gal- omy for a category of vehicles; lons per mile, determined according to MPG = the average fuel economy for a cat- paragraph (c)(3)(i) of this section; egory of vehicles determined according to paragraph (c)(2) of this section;

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FCIVOC = Off-cycle technology fuel economy (iii) For natural gas-fueled model credits for a category of vehicles, in gal- types, the fuel economy value cal- lons per mile, determined according to culated for that model type in accord- paragraph (c)(3)(ii) of this section; and ance with paragraph (b)(2) of this sec- FCIVPU = Pickup truck fuel economy credits for the light truck category, in gallons tion divided by 0.15 and rounded to the per mile, determined according to para- nearest 0.1 mpg; or graph (c)(3)(iii) of this section. (iv) For alcohol dual fuel model (2) Divide the total production vol- types, for model years 1993 through ume of that category of automobiles by 2019, the harmonic average of the fol- a sum of terms, each of which cor- lowing two terms; the result rounded responds to a model type within that to the nearest 0.1 mpg: category of automobiles and is a frac- (A) The combined model type fuel tion determined by dividing the num- economy value for operation on gaso- ber of automobiles of that model type line or diesel fuel as determined in produced by the manufacturer in the § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i); and model year by: (B) The combined model type fuel (i) For gasoline-fueled and diesel- economy value for operation on alcohol fueled model types, the fuel economy fuel as determined in § 600.208– calculated for that model type in ac- 12(b)(5)(ii) divided by 0.15 provided the cordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this requirements of paragraph (g) of this section; or section are met; or (ii) For alcohol-fueled model types, (v) For alcohol dual fuel model types, the fuel economy value calculated for for model years after 2019, the com- that model type in accordance with bined model type fuel economy deter- paragraph (b)(2) of this section divided mined according to the following equa- by 0.15 and rounded to the nearest 0.1 tion and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; or mpg:

Where: (A) The combined model type fuel F = 0.00 unless otherwise approved by the Ad- economy value for operation on gaso- ministrator according to the provisions line or diesel as determined in § 600.208– of paragraph (k) of this section; 12(b)(5)(i); and MPGA = The combined model type fuel economy for operation on alcohol fuel as de- (B) The combined model type fuel termined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii) divided economy value for operation on nat- by 0.15 provided the requirements of ural gas as determined in § 600.208– paragraph (g) of this section are met; and 12(b)(5)(ii) divided by 0.15 provided the MPGG = The combined model type fuel econ- requirements of paragraph (g) of this omy for operation on gasoline or diesel section are met; or fuel as determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i). (vii)(A) For natural gas dual fuel (vi) For natural gas dual fuel model model types, for model years after 2019, types, for model years 1993 through the combined model type fuel economy 2019, the harmonic average of the fol- determined according to the following lowing two terms; the result rounded formula and rounded to the nearest 0.1 to the nearest 0.1 mpg: mpg:

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Where: Driving range (miles) UF MPGCNG = The combined model type fuel economy for operation on natural gas as 180 0.944 determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii) divided 190 0.949 by 0.15 provided the requirements of 200 0.954 paragraph (g) of this section are met; and 210 0.958 MPGG = The combined model type fuel econ- 220 0.962 omy for operation on gasoline or diesel 230 0.965 fuel as determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i). 240 0.968 UF = A Utility Factor (UF) value selected 250 0.971 from the following table based on the 260 0.973 driving range of the vehicle while oper- 270 0.976 ating on natural gas, except for natural 280 0.978 gas dual fuel vehicles that do not meet 290 0.980 the criteria in paragraph (c)(2)(vii)(B) the 300 0.981 Utility Factor shall be 0.5. Determine the vehicle’s driving range in miles by multi- (B) Natural gas dual fuel model types plying the combined fuel economy as de- must meet the following criteria to termined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii) by the ve- qualify for use of a Utility Factor hicle’s usable fuel storage capacity (as greater than 0.5: defined at § 600.002 and expressed in gaso- (1) The driving range using natural line gallon equivalents), and rounding to the nearest 10 miles. gas must be at least two times the driving range using gasoline. Driving range UF (2) The natural gas dual fuel vehicle (miles) must be designed such that gasoline is 10 0.228 used only when the natural gas tank is 20 0.397 effectively empty, except for limited 30 0.523 40 0.617 use of gasoline that may be required to 50 0.689 initiate combustion. 60 0.743 (3) Fuel consumption improvement. Cal- 70 0.785 80 0.818 culate the separate air conditioning, 90 0.844 off-cycle, and pickup truck fuel con- 100 0.865 sumption improvement as follows: 110 0.882 120 0.896 (i) Air conditioning fuel consumption 130 0.907 improvement values are calculated sep- 140 0.917 arately for each category identified in 150 0.925 160 0.932 paragraph (a)(1) of this section using 170 0.939 the following equation:

Where: VLM = vehicle lifetime miles, which for pas-

FCIVAC = the fleet production-weighted total senger automobiles shall be 195,264 and value of air conditioning efficiency cred- for light trucks shall be 225,865; and its (fuel consumption improvement Production = the total production volume value) for all air conditioning systems in for the applicable category of vehicles. the applicable fleet, expressed in gallons per mile; (ii) Off-cycle technology fuel con- ACCredit = the total of all air conditioning sumption improvement values are cal- efficiency credits for the applicable vehi- culated separately for each category cle category, in megagrams, from 40 CFR identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this 86.1868–12(c), and rounded to the nearest section using the following equation: whole number;

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Where: VLM = vehicle lifetime miles, which for passenger automobiles shall be 195,264 and FCIVOC = the fleet production-weighted total value of off-cycle technology credits (fuel for light trucks shall be 225,865; and consumption improvement value) for all Production = the total production volume off-cycle technologies in the applicable for the applicable category of vehicles. fleet, expressed in gallons per mile; (iii) Full size pickup truck fuel con- OCCredit = the total of all off-cycle technology credits for the applicable vehicle sumption improvement values are cal- category, in megagrams, from 40 CFR culated for the light truck category 86.1869–12(e), and rounded to the nearest identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this whole number; section using the following equation:

Where: economy values (rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg). The quotient shall be rounded FCIVPU = the fleet production-weighted total value of full size pickup truck credits to 4 decimal places. These average fuel (fuel consumption improvement value) economies shall be determined using the for the light truck fleet, expressed in gal- methodology of paragraph (c) of this sec- lons per mile; tion. PUCredit = the total of all full size pickup c = 0.0014; ¥3 truck credits, in megagrams, from 40 IW = (9.2917 × 10 × SF3IWC × FE3IWC) ¥ (3.5123 ¥3 CFR 86.1870–12(c), and rounded to the × 10 × SF4ETW × FE4IWC). nearest whole number; and NOTE: Any calculated value of IW less than Production = the total production volume zero shall be set equal to zero. for the light truck category. SF3IWC = The 3000 lb. inertia weight class (d) The Administrator may approve sales divided by total sales. The quotient alternative calculation methods if they shall be rounded to 4 decimal places. are part of an approved credit plan SF4ETW = The 4000 lb. equivalent test weight under the provisions of 15 U.S.C. 2003. category sales divided by total sales. The quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal (e) For passenger automobile cat- places. egories identified in paragraph (a)(1) of FE4IWC = The sales-weighted average com- this section, the average fuel economy bined fuel economy of all 3000 lb. inertia calculated in accordance with para- weight class base levels in the compli- graph (c) of this section shall be ad- ance category. Round the result to the justed using the following equation: nearest 0.0001 mpg. FE4IWC = The sales-weighted average com- AFEadj = AFE[((0.55 × a × c) + (0.45 × c) × × bined fuel economy of all 4000 lb. inertia + (0.5556 a) + 0.4487)/((0.55 a) + weight class base levels in the compli- 0.45)] + IW ance category. Round the result to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. Where:

AFEadj = Adjusted average combined fuel (f) The Administrator shall calculate economy, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; and apply additional average fuel econ- AFE = Average combined fuel economy as omy adjustments if, after notice and calculated in paragraph (c) of this sec- opportunity for comment, the Adminis- tion, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg; trator determines that, as a result of a = Sales-weight average (rounded to the test procedure changes not previously nearest 0.0001 mpg) of all model type highway fuel economy values (rounded to considered, such correction is nec- the nearest 0.1 mpg) divided by the sales- essary to yield fuel economy test re- weighted average (rounded to the nearest sults that are comparable to those ob- 0.0001 mpg) of all model type city fuel tained under the 1975 test procedures.

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In making such determinations, the diesel) as determined in § 600.113–12(a) and Administrator must find that: (b). (1) A directional change in measured NHValt is the net (lower) heating value [BTU/ fuel economy of an average vehicle can lb] of the alternative fuel. NHVpet is the net (lower) heating value [BTU/ be predicted from a revision to the test lb] of the petroleum fuel. procedures; Dalt is the density [lb/gallon for liquid fuels or (2) The magnitude of the change in lb/100 standard cubic feet for gaseous measured fuel economy for any vehicle fuels] of the alternative fuel. or fleet of vehicles caused by a revision Dpet is the density [lb/gallon] of the petro- to the test procedures is quantifiable leum fuel. from theoretical calculations or best (i) The equation must hold true for available test data; both the FTP city and HFET highway (3) The impact of a change on average fuel economy values for each test of fuel economy is not due to eliminating each test vehicle. the ability of manufacturers to take (ii)(A) The net heating value for alco- advantage of flexibility within the ex- hol fuels shall be premeasured using a isting test procedures to gain measured test method which has been approved improvements in fuel economy which in advance by the Administrator. are not the result of actual improve- (B) The density for alcohol fuels shall ments in the fuel economy of produc- be premeasured using ASTM D 1298 (in- tion vehicles; corporated by reference at § 600.011). (4) The impact of a change on average (iii) The net heating value and den- fuel economy is not solely due to a sity of gasoline are to be determined by greater ability of manufacturers to re- the manufacturer in accordance with flect in average fuel economy those de- § 600.113. sign changes expected to have com- (2) [Reserved] parable effects on in-use fuel economy; (3) Dual fuel passenger automobiles (5) The test procedure change is re- manufactured during model years 1993 quired by EPA or is a change initiated through 2019 must meet the minimum by EPA in its laboratory and is not a driving range requirements established change implemented solely by a manu- by the Secretary of Transportation (49 facturer in its own laboratory. CFR part 538) to obtain the CAFE cred- (g)(1) Dual fuel automobiles must it determined in paragraphs (c)(2)(iv) provide equal or greater energy effi- and (v) of this section. ciency while operating on the alter- (h) For model years 1993 and later, native fuel as while operating on gaso- and for each category of automobile line or diesel fuel to obtain the CAFE identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this credit determined in paragraphs section, the maximum increase in aver- (c)(2)(iv) and (v) of this section or to age fuel economy determined in para- obtain the carbon-related exhaust graph (c) of this section attributable to emissions credit determined in para- dual fuel automobiles, except where graphs (j)(2)(ii) and (iii) of this section. the alternative fuel is electricity, shall The following equation must hold true: be as follows: Ealt/Epet ≥ 1 Maximum Where: Model year increase (mpg) 6 Ealt = [FEalt/(NHValt× Dalt)] × 10 = energy efficiency while operating on alternative 1993–2014 ...... 1.2 fuel rounded to the nearest 0.01 miles/ 2015 ...... 1.0 million BTU. 2016 ...... 0.8 E = [FE /(NHV × D )] × 106 = energy effi- 2017 ...... 0.6 pet pet pet pet 2018 ...... 0.4 ciency while operating on gasoline or 2019 ...... 0.2 diesel (petroleum) fuel rounded to the 2020 and later ...... 0.0 nearest 0.01 miles/million BTU. FEalt is the fuel economy [miles/gallon for (1) The Administrator shall calculate liquid fuels or miles/100 standard cubic the increase in average fuel economy feet for gaseous fuels] while operated on the alternative fuel as determined in to determine if the maximum increase § 600.113–12(a) and (b). provided in paragraph (h) of this sec- FEpet is the fuel economy [miles/gallon] while tion has been reached. The Adminis- operated on petroleum fuel (gasoline or trator shall calculate the average fuel

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economy for each category of auto- (2) [Reserved] mobiles specified in paragraph (a)(1) of (i) For model years 2012 through 2015, this section by subtracting the average and for each category of automobile fuel economy values calculated in ac- identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this cordance with this section by assuming section, the maximum decrease in av- all alcohol dual fuel and natural gas erage carbon-related exhaust emissions dual fuel automobiles are operated ex- determined in paragraph (j) of this sec- clusively on gasoline (or diesel) fuel tion attributable to alcohol dual fuel from the average fuel economy values automobiles and natural gas dual fuel determined in paragraph (c) of this sec- automobiles shall be calculated using tion. The difference is limited to the maximum increase specified in para- the following formula, and rounded to graph (h) of this section. the nearest tenth of a gram per mile:

Where: purposes of these calculations, the val- FltAvg = The fleet average CREE value in ues for natural gas dual fuel auto- grams per mile, rounded to the nearest mobiles using the optional Utility Fac- whole number, for passenger automobiles tor approach in paragraph (j)(2)(vii) of or light trucks determined for the appli- this section shall not be the gasoline cable model year according to paragraph CREE values, but the CREE values de- (j) of this section, except by assuming all termined in paragraph (j)(2)(vii) of this alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles are operated exclu- section. The difference is limited to the sively on gasoline (or diesel) fuel. For the maximum decrease specified in para- purposes of these calculations, the values graph (i) of this section. for natural gas dual fuel automobiles (2) [Reserved] using the optional Utility Factor ap- (j) The average carbon-related ex- proach in paragraph (j)(2)(vii) of this sec- haust emissions will be calculated indi- tion shall not be the gasoline CREE val- vidually for each category identified in ues, but the CREE values determined in paragraph (a)(1) of this section as fol- paragraph (j)(2)(vii) of this section. lows: MPGMAX = The maximum increase in miles (1) Divide the total production vol- per gallon determined for the appropriate model year in paragraph (h) of this sec- ume of that category of automobiles tion. into: (2) A sum of terms, each of which cor- (1) The Administrator shall calculate responds to a model type within that the decrease in average carbon-related category of automobiles and is a prod- exhaust emissions to determine if the uct determined by multiplying the maximum decrease provided in this number of automobiles of that model paragraph (i) has been reached. The Ad- type produced by the manufacturer in ministrator shall calculate the average the model year by: carbon-related exhaust emissions for (i) For gasoline-fueled and diesel- each category of automobiles specified fueled model types, the carbon-related in paragraph (a) of this section by sub- exhaust emissions value calculated for tracting the average carbon-related ex- that model type in accordance with haust emission values determined in paragraph (b)(2) of this section; or paragraph (j) of this section from the (ii)(A) For alcohol-fueled model average carbon-related exhaust emis- types, for model years 2012 through sion values calculated in accordance 2015, the carbon-related exhaust emis- with this section by assuming all alco- sions value calculated for that model hol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel type in accordance with paragraph automobiles are operated exclusively (b)(2) of this section multiplied by 0.15 on gasoline (or diesel) fuel. For the and rounded to the nearest gram per

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mile, except that manufacturers com- (v) For natural gas dual fuel model plying with the fleet averaging option types, for model years 2012 through for N2O and CH4 as allowed under 2015, the arithmetic average of the fol- § 86.1818 of this chapter must perform lowing two terms; the result rounded this calculation such that N2O and CH4 to the nearest gram per mile: values are not multiplied by 0.15; or (A) The combined model type carbon- (B) For alcohol-fueled model types, related exhaust emissions value for op- for model years 2016 and later, the car- eration on gasoline or diesel as deter- bon-related exhaust emissions value mined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i); and calculated for that model type in ac- (B) The combined model type carbon- cordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this related exhaust emissions value for op- section; or eration on natural gas as determined in (iii)(A) For natural gas-fueled model § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii) multiplied by 0.15 types, for model years 2012 through provided the requirements of paragraph 2015, the carbon-related exhaust emis- (g) of this section are met, except that sions value calculated for that model manufacturers complying with the type in accordance with paragraph fleet averaging option for N O and CH (b)(2) of this section multiplied by 0.15 2 4 and rounded to the nearest gram per as allowed under § 86.1818 of this chap- mile, except that manufacturers com- ter must perform this calculation such plying with the fleet averaging option that N2O and CH4 values are not multiplied by 0.15. for N2O and CH4 as allowed under § 86.1818 of this chapter must perform (vi) For alcohol dual fuel model types, for model years 2016 and later, this calculation such that N2O and CH4 values are not multiplied by 0.15; or the combined model type carbon-re- (B) For natural gas-fueled model lated exhaust emissions value deter- types, for model years 2016 and later, mined according to the following for- the carbon-related exhaust emissions mula and rounded to the nearest gram value calculated for that model type in per mile: accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of × ¥ × this section; or CREE = (F CREEalt) + ((1 F) (iv) For alcohol dual fuel model CREEgas) types, for model years 2012 through Where: 2015, the arithmetic average of the fol- F = 0.00 unless otherwise approved by the Ad- lowing two terms, the result rounded ministrator according to the provisions to the nearest gram per mile: of paragraph (k) of this section;

(A) The combined model type carbon- CREEalt = The combined model type carbon- related exhaust emissions value for op- related exhaust emissions value for oper- eration on gasoline or diesel fuel as de- ation on alcohol fuel as determined in termined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i); and § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii); and (B) The combined model type carbon- CREEgas = The combined model type carbon- related exhaust emissions value for op- related exhaust emissions value for oper- eration on alcohol fuel as determined ation on gasoline or diesel fuel as determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i). in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii) multiplied by 0.15 provided the requirements of paragraph (vii)(A) For natural gas dual fuel (g) of this section are met, except that model types, for model years 2016 and manufacturers complying with the later, or optionally for model years fleet averaging option for N2O and CH4 2012 through 2015, the combined model as allowed under § 86.1818 of this chap- type carbon-related exhaust emissions ter must perform this calculation such value determined according to the fol- that N2O and CH4 values are not multi- lowing formula and rounded to the plied by 0.15; or nearest gram per mile:

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Where: use of gasoline that may be required to

CREECNG = The combined model type carbon- initiate combustion. related exhaust emissions value for oper- (k) Alternative in-use weighting factors ation on natural gas as determined in for dual fuel model types. Using one of § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii); and the methods in either paragraph (k)(1) CREEGAS = The combined model type carbon- or (2) of this section, manufacturers related exhaust emissions value for oper- may request the use of alternative val- ation on gasoline or diesel fuel as determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(i). ues for the weighting factor F in the UF = A Utility Factor (UF) value selected equations in paragraphs (j)(2)(vi) and from the following table based on the (vii) of this section. Unless otherwise driving range of the vehicle while oper- approved by the Administrator, the ating on natural gas, except for natural manufacturer must use the value of F gas dual fuel vehicles that do not meet that is in effect in paragraphs (j)(2)(vi) the criteria in paragraph (j)(2)(vii)(B) the and (vii) of this section. Utility Factor shall be 0.5. Determine the (1) Upon written request from a man- vehicle’s driving range in miles by multiplying the combined fuel economy as de- ufacturer, the Administrator will determined in § 600.208–12(b)(5)(ii) by the ve- termine and publish by written guid- hicle’s usable fuel storage capacity (as ance an appropriate value of F for each defined at § 600.002 and expressed in gaso- requested alternative fuel based on the line gallon equivalents), and rounding to Administrator’s assessment of real- the nearest 10 miles. world use of the alternative fuel. Such published values would be available for Driving range (miles) UF any manufacturer to use. The Adminis- trator will periodically update these 10 0.228 values upon written request from a 20 0.397 30 0.523 manufacturer. 40 0.617 (2) The manufacturer may optionally 50 0.689 submit to the Administrator its own 60 0.743 70 0.785 demonstration regarding the real-world 80 0.818 use of the alternative fuel in their ve- 90 0.844 hicles and its own estimate of the ap- 100 0.865 propriate value of F in the equations in 110 0.882 120 0.896 paragraphs (j)(2)(vi) and (vii) of this 130 0.907 section. Depending on the nature of the 140 0.917 analytical approach, the manufacturer 150 0.925 160 0.932 could provide estimates of F that are 170 0.939 model type specific or that are gen- 180 0.944 erally applicable to the manufacturer’s 190 0.949 dual fuel fleet. The manufacturer’s 200 0.954 210 0.958 analysis could include use of data gath- 220 0.962 ered from on-board sensors and com- 230 0.965 puters, from dual fuel vehicles in fleets 240 0.968 250 0.971 that are centrally fueled, or from other 260 0.973 sources. The analysis must be based on 270 0.976 sound statistical methodology and 280 0.978 must account for analytical uncer- 290 0.980 300 0.981 tainty. Any approval by the Adminis- trator will pertain to the use of values (B) Natural gas dual fuel model types of F for the model types specified by must meet the following criteria to the manufacturer. qualify for use of a Utility Factor [75 FR 25714, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 greater than 0.5: FR 39567, July 6, 2011; 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, (1) The driving range using natural 2012] gas must be at least two times the driving range using gasoline. § 600.511–08 Determination of domes- (2) The natural gas dual fuel vehicle tic production. must be designed such that gasoline is (a) Except with advance approval of used only when the natural gas tank is the Administrator, an automobile shall effectively empty, except for limited be considered domestically produced in

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any model year if it is included within (ii) Substantially transformed in the a domestically produced car line (car United States or Canada into a new line includes station wagons for pur- and different article of commerce. poses of this paragraph), unless the as- (3) For automobiles for which this sembly of such automobile is com- paragraph applies pursuant to the pleted in Canada or Mexico and such schedule in paragraph (b)(4) of this sec- automobile is not imported into the tion, components shall be considered United States prior to the expiration of imported unless they are either: 30 days following the end of the model (i) Wholly the growth, product, or year. For purposes of this paragraph a manufacture of the United States and/ car line will be considered domestically or Canada and/or Mexico, or produced if the following ratio is less than 0.25: (ii) Substantially transformed in the (1) The sum of the declared value, as United States and/or Canada and/or defined in § 600.502, of all of the im- Mexico into a new and different article ported components installed or in- of commerce. cluded on automobiles produced within (4) Paragraphs (b)(4) (i) through (v) of such a car line within a given model this section set forth the schedule ac- year plus the cost of transportation cording to which paragraph (b)(3) of and insuring such components to the this section applies for all automobiles United States port of entry, the Mexi- manufactured by a manufacturer and can port of entry (when paragraph sold in the United States, wherever as- (b)(3) of this section applies), or the Ca- sembled. nadian port of entry but exclusive of (i) With respect to a manufacturer any customs duty, divided by that initiated the assembly of auto- (2) The cost of production, as defined mobiles in Mexico before model year in § 600.502, of automobiles within such 1992, the manufacturer may elect, at car line. any time between January 1, 1997, and (b) For the purposes of calculations January 1, 2004, to have paragraph under this subpart with respect to (b)(3) of this section apply to all auto- automobiles manufactured during any mobiles it manufactures, beginning model year, with the model year commencing after (1) An average exchange rate for the country of origin of each imported the date of such election. component shall be used that is cal- (ii) With respect to a manufacturer culated by taking the mean of the ex- initiating the assembly of automobiles change rates in effect at the end of in Mexico after model year 1991, para- each quarter set by the Federal Re- graph (b)(3) of this section shall apply serve Bank of New York for twelve cal- to all automobiles it manufactures, be- endar quarters prior to and including ginning with the model year com- the calendar quarter ending one year mencing after January 1, 1994, or the prior to the date that the manufac- model year commencing after the date turer submits the calculation of the that the manufacturer initiates the as- preliminary average for such model sembly of automobiles in Mexico, year. Such rate, once calculated, shall whichever is later. be in effect for the duration of the (iii) With respect to a manufacturer model year. Upon petition of a manu- not described by paragraph (b)(4) (i) or facturer, the Administrator may per- (ii) of this section assembling auto- mit the use of a different exchange rate mobiles in the United States or Canada where appropriate and necessary. but not in Mexico, the manufacturer (2) For automobiles for which para- may elect, at any time between Janu- graph (b)(3) of this section does not ary 1, 1997, and January 1, 2004, to have apply pursuant to the schedule in para- paragraph (b)(3) of this section apply to graph (b)(4), components shall be considered imported unless they are ei- all automobiles it manufactures, begin- ther: ning with the model year commencing (i) Wholly the growth, product, or after the date of such election, except manufacture of the United States and/ that if such manufacturer initiates the or Canada, or

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assembly of automobiles in Mexico be- trator a report, known as the model fore making such election, this para- year report, containing all information graph shall not apply, and the manu- necessary for the calculation of the facturer shall be subject to paragraph manufacturer’s average fuel economy (b)(4)(ii) of this section. and all information necessary for the (iv) With respect to a manufacturer calculation of the manufacturer’s aver- not assembling automobiles in the age carbon-related exhaust emissions. United States, Canada, or Mexico, (1) The results of the manufacturer paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall calculations and summary information apply to all automobiles it manufac- of model type fuel economy values tures, beginning with the model year which are contained in the average fuel commencing after January 1, 1994. economy calculation shall also be sub- (v) With respect to a manufacturer mitted to the Secretary of the Depart- authorized to make an election under ment of Transportation, National paragraph (b)(4) (i) or (iii) of this sec- Highway and Traffic Safety Adminis- tion which has not made that election tration. within the specified period, paragraph (2) The results of the manufacturer (b)(3) of this section shall apply to all calculations and summary information automobiles it manufactures, begin- of model type carbon-related exhaust ning with the model year commencing emission values which are contained in after January 1, 2004. the average calculation shall be sub- (5) All elections under paragraph mitted to the Administrator. (b)(4) of this section shall be made in (b)(1) The model year report shall be accordance with the procedures estab- in writing, signed by the authorized lished by the Secretary of Transpor- representative of the manufacturer and tation pursuant to 49 U.S.C. shall be submitted no later than 90 32904(b)(3)(C). days after the end of the model year. (c) If it is determined by the Admin- (2) The Administrator may waive the istrator at some date later than the requirement that the model year re- date of entry that the declared value of port be submitted no later than 90 days such imported components did not rep- after the end of the model year. Based resent fair market value at the date of upon a request by the manufacturer, if entry, through U.S. Bureau of Customs the Administrator determines that 90 appraisals, the Administrator may re- days is insufficient time for the manu- view the determination made pursuant facturer to provide all additional data to paragraph (a) of this section as to required as determined in § 600.507, the whether the pertinent car lines which Administrator shall establish an alter- utilize such components were correctly native date by which the model year included within the manufaturer’s do- report must be submitted. mestically-produced or foreign-pro- (3) Separate reports shall be sub- duced fleets. If such a determination mitted for passenger automobiles and was in error due to misrepresentation light trucks (as identified in § 600.510). of the valuation of imported compo- (c) The model year report must in- nents at the date of entry, the Admin- clude the following information: istrator may recalculate the manufac- (1)(i) All fuel economy data used in turer’s average for the affected model the FTP/HFET-based model type cal- year, according to § 600.510, to reflect culations under § 600.208, and subse- the correct valuation of such imported quently required by the Administrator components in each affected car line. in accordance with § 600.507; (d)–(e) [Reserved] (ii) All carbon-related exhaust emis- [42 FR 45662, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 sion data used in the FTP/HFET-based FR 39376, Sept. 5, 1978; 59 FR 679, Jan. 6, 1994; model type calculations under § 600.208, 59 FR 33914, July 1, 1994; 74 FR 61554, Nov. 25, and subsequently required by the Ad- 2009. Redesignated at 76 FR 39569, July 6, ministrator in accordance with 2011] § 600.507; (2) (i) All fuel economy data for cer- § 600.512–12 Model year report. tification vehicles and for vehicles (a) For each model year, the manu- tested for running changes approved facturer shall submit to the Adminis- under § 86.1842 of this chapter;

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(ii) All carbon-related exhaust emis- a statement that the method of meas- sion data for certification vehicles and uring vehicle track width, measuring for vehicles tested for running changes vehicle wheelbase and calculating vehi- approved under § 86.1842 of this chapter; cle footprint is accurate and complies (3) Any additional fuel economy and with applicable Department of Trans- carbon-related exhaust emission data portation requirements. submitted by the manufacturer under (10) The ‘‘required fuel economy § 600.509; level’’ pursuant to 49 CFR parts 531 or (4)(i) A fuel economy value for each 533 as applicable, and the applicable model type of the manufacturer’s prod- fleet average CO2 emission standards. uct line calculated according to Model year reports shall include infor- § 600.510–12(b)(2); mation in sufficient detail to verify the (ii) A carbon-related exhaust emis- accuracy of the calculated required sion value for each model type of the fuel economy level and fleet average manufacturer’s product line calculated CO2 emission standards, including but according to § 600.510–12(b)(2); is not limited to, production informa- (5)(i) The manufacturer’s average tion for each unique footprint within fuel economy value calculated accord- each model type contained in the ing to § 600.510–12(c); model year report and the formula used (ii) The manufacturer’s average car- to calculate the required fuel economy bon-related exhaust emission value cal- level and fleet average CO2 emission culated according to § 600.510–12(j); standards. Model year reports shall in- (6) A listing of both domestically and clude a statement that the method of nondomestically produced car lines as measuring vehicle track width, meas- determined in § 600.511 and the cost in- uring vehicle wheelbase and calcu- formation upon which the determina- lating vehicle footprint is accurate and tion was made; and complies with applicable Department (7) The authenticity and accuracy of of Transportation and EPA require- production data must be attested to by ments. the corporation, and shall bear the sig- (11) A detailed (but easy to under- nature of an officer (a corporate execu- stand) list of vehicle models and the tive of at least the rank of vice-presi- applicable in-use CREE emission stand- dent) designated by the corporation. ard. The list of models shall include Such attestation shall constitute a rep- the applicable carline/subconfiguration resentation by the manufacturer that parameters (including carline, equiva- the manufacturer has established rea- lent test weight, road-load horsepower, sonable, prudent procedures to ascer- axle ratio, engine code, transmission tain and provide production data that class, transmission configuration and are accurate and authentic in all mate- basic engine); the test parameters rial respects and that these procedures (ETW and a, b, c, dynamometer coeffi- have been followed by employees of the cients) and the associated CREE emis- manufacturer involved in the reporting sion standard. The manufacturer shall process. The signature of the des- provide the method of identifying EPA ignated officer shall constitute a rep- engine code for applicable in-use vehi- resentation by the required attesta- cles. tion. (8) [Reserved] [75 FR 25717, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 (9) The ‘‘required fuel economy level’’ FR 39569, July 6, 2011] pursuant to 49 CFR parts 531 or 533, as applicable. Model year reports shall in- § 600.513–08 Gas Guzzler Tax. clude information in sufficient detail (a) This section applies only to pas- to verify the accuracy of the calculated senger automobiles sold after Decem- required fuel economy level, including ber 27, 1991, regardless of the model but is not limited to, production infor- year of those vehicles. For alcohol dual mation for each unique footprint with- fuel and natural gas dual fuel auto- in each model type contained in the mobiles, the fuel economy while such model year report and the formula used automobiles are operated on gasoline to calculate the required fuel economy will be used for Gas Guzzler Tax assess- level. Model year reports shall include ments.

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(1) The provisions of this section do accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of not apply to passenger automobiles ex- this section and rounded to the nearest empted for Gas Guzzler Tax assess- 0.1 mpg, each vehicle fuel economy ments by applicable Federal law and label shall include a Gas Guzzler Tax regulations. However, the manufac- statement pursuant to 49 U.S.C. turer of an exempted passenger auto- 32908(b)(1)(E). The tax amount stated mobile may, in its discretion, label shall be as specified in paragraph (b)(2) such vehicles in accordance with the of this section. provisions of this section. (2) For passenger automobiles with a (2) For 1991 and later model year pas- combined general label model type fuel senger automobiles, the combined FTP/ economy value of: HFET-based model type fuel economy value determined in § 600.208 used for the Gas Guzzler Tax At least * * * but less statement shall show a Gas Guzzler Tax assessments shall be than * * * tax of * * * calculated in accordance with the following equation, rounded to the near- (i) 22.5 ...... $0 est 0.1 mpg: (ii) 21.5 ...... 22.5 $1,000 (iii) 20.5 ...... 21.5 $1,300 FEadj = FE[((0.55 × ag × c) + (0.45 × c) + (iv) 19.5 ...... 20.5 $1,700 (v) 18.5 ...... 19.5 $2,100 (0.5556 × ag) + 0.4487)/((0.55 × ag) + 0.45)] (vi) 17.5 ...... 18.5 $2,600 + IWg (vii) 16.5 ...... 17.5 $3,000 Where: (viii) 15.5 ...... 16.5 $3,700 (ix) 14.5 ...... 15.5 $4,500 FEadj = Fuel economy value to be used for determination of gas guzzler tax assess- (x) 13.5 ...... 14.5 $5,400 ment rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (xi) 12.5 ...... 13.5 $6,400 FE = Combined model type fuel economy cal- (xii) — ...... 12.5 $7,700 culated in accordance with § 600.208, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. [76 FR 39569, July 6, 2011] ag = Model type highway fuel economy, calculated in accordance with § 600.208, § 600.514–12 Reports to the Environ- rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg divided mental Protection Agency. by the model type city fuel economy calculated in accordance with § 600.208, This section establishes requirements rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. The for automobile manufacturers to sub- quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal mit reports to the Environmental Pro- places. tection Agency regarding their efforts × c = gas guzzler adjustment factor = 1.300 to reduce automotive greenhouse gas 10¥3 for the 1986 and later model years. ¥3 emissions. IWg = (9.2917 × 10 × SF3IWCGFE3IWCG) ¥ M3 (3.5123 × 10 × SF4ETWG × FE4IWCG). (a) General Requirements. (1) For each NOTE: Any calculated value of IW less than model year, each manufacturer shall zero shall be set equal to zero. submit a pre-model year report. SF3IWCG = The 3000 lb. inertia weight class (2) The pre-model year report re- sales in the model type divided by the quired by this section for each model total model type sales; the quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal places. year must be submitted before the SF4ETWG = The 4000 lb. equivalent test weight model year begins and before the cer- sales in the model type divided by the tification of any test group, no later total model type sales, the quotient shall than December 31 of the calendar year be rounded to 4 decimal places. two years before the model year. For FE3IWCG = The 3000 lb. inertial weight class example the pre-model year report for base level combined fuel economy used the 2012 model year must be submitted to calculate the model type fuel economy rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. no later than December 31, 2010. FE4IWCG = The 4000 lb. inertial weight class (3) Each report required by this sec- base level combined fuel economy used tion must: to calculate the model type fuel economy (i) Identify the report as a pre-model rounded to the nearest 0.001 mpg. year report; (b)(1) For passenger automobiles sold (ii) Identify the manufacturer sub- after December 31, 1990, with a com- mitting the report; bined FTP/HFET-based model type fuel (iii) State the full name, title, and economy value of less than 22.5 mpg (as address of the official responsible for determined in § 600.208), calculated in preparing the report;

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(iv) Be submitted to: Director, Com- off-cycle technology, advanced tech- pliance and Innovative Strategies Divi- nology vehicles, hybrid or low-emission sion, U.S. Environmental Protection full size pickup trucks, and various Agency, 2000 Traverwood, Ann Arbor, early credit programs; Michigan 48105; (vi) A description of the method (v) Identify the current model year; which will be used to calculate the car- (vi) Be written in the English lan- bon-related exhaust emissions for any guage; and electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and (vii) Be based upon all information plug-in hybrid vehicles; and data available to the manufacturer (vii) A summary by model year (be- approximately 30 days before the re- ginning with the 2009 model year) of port is submitted to the Administrator. the number of electric vehicles, fuel (b) Content of pre-model year reports. cell vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric ve- (1) Each pre-model year report must in- hicles, dedicated compressed natural clude the following information for gas vehicles, and dual fuel natural gas each compliance category for the appli- vehicles using (or projected to use) the cable future model year and to the ex- advanced technology vehicle credit and tent possible, two model years into the incentives program, including the pro- future: jected use of production multipliers; (i) The manufacturer’s estimate of its (viii) The methodology which will be used to comply with N O and CH emis- footprint-based fleet average CO2 2 4 standards (including temporary lead sion standards; and time allowance alternative standards, (ix) Notification of the manufactur- if applicable); er’s intent to exclude emergency vehi- (ii) Projected total and model-level cles from the calculation of fleet aver- production volumes for each applicable age standards and the end-of-year fleet standard category; average, including a description of the excluded emergency vehicles and the (iii) Projected fleet average CO2 compliance level for each applicable stand- quantity of such vehicles excluded. (x) Other information requested by ard category; and the model-level CO2 emission values which form the basis of the Administrator. the projection; (2) Manufacturers must submit, in the pre-model year report for each (iv) Projected fleet average CO2 credit/debit status for each applicable model year in which a credit deficit is standard category; generated (or projected to be gen- (v) A description of the various cred- erated), a compliance plan dem- it, transfer and trading options that onstrating how the manufacturer will will be used to comply with each appli- comply with the fleet average CO2 cable standard category, including the standard by the end of the third year amount of credit the manufacturer in- after the deficit occurred. tends to generate for air conditioning [75 FR 25718, May 7, 2010, as amended at 77 leakage, air conditioning efficiency, FR 63187, Oct. 15, 2012]

APPENDIX I TO PART 600—HIGHWAY FUEL ECONOMY DRIVING SCHEDULE [ SPEED (MPH) VS TIME (SEC)]

SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH

0 Sample On 50 38.6 100 48.5 150 44.1 200 43.4 250 48.0 300 33.4 350 59.0 1 0.0 51 39.3 101 48.8 151 44.3 201 43.2 251 48.0 301 35.6 351 58.9 2 0.0 52 40.0 102 49.1 152 44.4 202 43.2 252 48.0 302 37.5 352 58.8 3 2.0 53 40.7 103 49.2 153 44.6 203 43.1 253 48.1 303 39.1 353 58.6 4 4.9 54 41.4 104 49.1 154 44.7 204 43.0 254 48.2 304 40.2 354 58.4 5 8.1 55 42.2 105 49.1 155 44.9 205 43.0 255 48.2 305 41.1 355 58.2 6 11.3 56 42.9 106 49.0 156 45.2 206 43.1 256 48.1 306 41.8 356 58.1 7 14.5 57 43.5 107 49.0 157 45.7 207 43.4 257 48.6 307 42.4 357 58.0 8 17.3 58 44.0 108 49.1 158 45.9 208 43.9 258 48.9 308 42.8 358 57.9 9 19.6 59 44.3 109 49.2 159 46.3 209 44.0 259 49.1 309 43.3 359 57.6 10 21.8 60 44.5 110 49.3 160 46.8 210 43.5 260 49.1 310 43.8 360 57.4 11 24.0 61 44.8 111 49.4 161 46.9 211 42.6 261 49.1 311 44.3 361 57.2 12 25.8 62 44.9 112 49.5 162 47.0 212 41.5 262 49.1 312 44.7 362 57.1

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[ SPEED (MPH) VS TIME (SEC)]

SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH

13 27.1 63 45.0 113 49.5 163 47.1 213 40.7 263 49.1 313 45.0 363 57.0 14 28.0 64 45.1 114 49.5 164 47.6 214 40.0 264 49.0 314 45.2 364 57.0 15 29.0 65 45.4 115 49.4 165 47.9 215 40.0 265 48.9 315 45.4 365 56.9 16 30.0 66 45.7 116 49.1 166 48.0 216 40.3 266 48.2 316 45.5 366 56.9 17 30.7 67 46.0 117 48.9 167 48.0 217 41.0 267 47.7 317 45.8 367 56.9 18 31.5 68 46.3 118 48.6 168 47.9 218 42.0 268 47.5 318 46.0 368 57.0 19 32.2 69 46.5 119 48.4 169 47.8 219 42.7 269 47.2 319 46.1 369 57.0 20 32.9 70 46.8 120 48.1 170 47.3 220 43.1 270 46.7 320 46.5 370 57.0 21 33.5 71 46.9 121 47.7 171 46.7 221 43.2 271 46.2 321 46.8 371 57.0 22 34.1 72 47.0 122 47.4 172 46.2 222 43.4 272 46.0 322 47.1 372 57.0 23 34.6 73 47.1 123 47.3 173 45.9 223 43.9 273 45.8 323 47.7 373 57.0 24 34.9 74 47.2 124 47.5 174 45.7 224 44.3 274 45.6 324 48.3 374 57.0 25 35.1 75 47.3 125 47.8 175 45.5 225 44.7 275 45.4 325 49.0 375 57.0 26 35.7 76 47.2 126 47.9 176 45.4 226 45.1 276 45.2 326 49.7 376 57.0 27 35.9 77 47.1 127 48.0 177 45.3 227 45.4 277 45.0 327 50.3 377 56.9 28 35.8 78 47.0 128 47.9 178 45.0 228 45.8 278 44.7 328 51.0 378 56.8 29 35.3 79 46.9 129 47.9 179 44.0 229 46.5 279 44.5 329 51.7 379 56.5 30 34.9 80 46.9 130 47.9 180 43.1 230 46.9 280 44.2 330 52.4 380 56.2 31 34.5 81 46.9 131 48.0 181 42.2 231 47.2 281 43.5 331 53.1 381 56.0 32 34.6 82 47.0 132 48.0 182 41.5 232 47.4 282 42.8 332 53.8 382 56.0 33 34.8 83 47.1 133 48.0 183 41.5 233 47.3 283 42.0 333 54.5 383 56.0 34 35.1 84 47.1 134 47.9 184 42.1 234 47.3 284 40.1 334 55.2 384 56.1 35 35.7 85 47.2 135 47.3 185 42.9 235 47.2 285 38.6 335 55.8 385 56.4 36 36.1 86 47.1 136 46.0 186 43.5 236 47.2 286 37.5 336 56.4 386 56.7 37 36.2 87 47.0 137 43.3 187 43.9 237 47.2 287 35.8 337 56.9 387 56.9 38 36.5 88 46.9 138 41.2 188 43.6 238 47.1 288 34.7 338 57.0 388 57.1 39 36.7 89 46.5 139 39.5 189 43.3 239 47.0 289 34.0 339 57.1 389 57.3 40 36.9 90 46.3 140 39.2 190 43.0 240 47.0 290 33.3 340 57.3 390 57.4 41 37.0 91 46.2 141 39.0 191 43.1 241 46.9 291 32.5 341 57.6 391 57.4 42 37.0 92 46.3 142 39.0 192 43.4 242 46.8 292 31.7 342 57.8 392 57.2 43 37.0 93 46.5 143 39.1 193 43.9 243 46.9 293 30.6 343 58.0 393 57.0 44 37.0 94 46.9 144 39.5 194 44.3 244 47.0 294 29.6 344 58.1 394 56.9 45 37.0 95 47.1 145 40.1 195 44.6 245 47.2 295 28.8 345 58.4 395 56.6 46 37.0 96 47.4 146 41.0 196 44.9 246 47.5 296 28.4 346 58.7 396 56.3 47 37.1 97 47.7 147 42.0 197 44.8 247 47.9 297 28.6 347 58.8 397 56.1 48 37.3 98 48.0 148 43.1 198 44.4 248 48.0 298 29.5 348 58.9 398 56.4 49 37.8 99 48.2 149 43.7 199 43.9 249 48.0 299 31.4 349 59.0 399 56.7

SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH

400 57.1 450 58.2 500 54.7 550 55.8 600 48.3 650 50.2 700 54.2 750 26.8 401 57.5 451 58.1 501 54.6 551 55.6 601 48.0 651 50.7 701 54.5 751 24.5 402 57.8 452 58.0 502 54.4 552 55.4 602 47.9 652 51.1 702 54.8 752 21.5 403 58.0 453 58.0 503 54.3 553 55.2 603 47.8 653 51.7 703 55.0 753 19.5 404 58.0 454 58.0 504 54.3 554 55.1 604 47.7 654 52.2 704 55.5 754 17.4 405 58.0 455 58.0 505 54.2 555 55.0 605 47.9 655 52.5 705 55.9 755 15.1 406 58.0 456 58.0 506 54.1 556 54.9 606 48.3 656 52.1 706 56.1 756 12.4 407 58.0 457 58.0 507 54.1 557 54.6 607 49.0 657 51.6 707 56.3 757 9.7 408 58.0 458 57.9 508 54.1 558 54.4 608 49.1 658 51.1 708 56.4 758 7.0 409 57.9 459 57.9 509 54.0 559 54.2 609 49.0 659 51.0 709 56.5 759 5.0 410 57.8 460 58.0 510 54.0 560 54.1 610 48.9 660 51.0 710 56.7 760 3.3 411 57.7 461 58.1 511 54.0 561 53.8 611 48.0 661 51.1 711 56.9 761 2.0 412 57.7 462 58.1 512 54.0 562 53.4 612 47.1 662 51.4 712 57.0 762 0.7 413 57.8 463 58.2 513 54.0 563 53.3 613 46.2 663 51.7 713 57.3 763 0.0 414 57.9 464 58.3 514 54.0 564 53.1 614 46.1 664 52.0 714 57.7 764 0.0 415 58.0 465 58.3 515 54.0 565 52.9 615 46.1 665 52.2 715 58.2 765 Sample Off 416 58.1 446 58.3 516 54.0 566 52.6 616 46.2 666 52.5 716 58.8 417 58.4 467 58.2 517 54.1 567 52.4 617 46.9 667 52.8 717 59.1 418 58.9 468 58.1 518 54.2 568 52.2 618 47.8 668 52.7 718 59.2 419 59.1 469 58.0 519 54.5 569 52.1 619 49.0 669 52.6 719 59.1 420 59.4 470 57.8 520 54.8 570 52.0 620 49.7 670 52.3 720 58.8 421 59.8 471 57.5 521 54.9 571 52.0 621 50.6 671 52.3 721 58.5 422 59.9 472 57.1 522 55.0 572 52.0 622 51.5 672 52.4 722 58.1 423 59.9 473 57.0 523 55.1 573 52.0 623 52.2 673 52.5 723 57.7 424 59.8 474 56.6 524 55.2 574 52.1 624 52.7 674 52.7 724 57.3 425 59.6 475 56.1 525 55.2 575 52.0 625 53.0 675 52.7 725 57.1 426 59.4 476 56.0 526 55.3 576 52.0 626 53.6 676 52.4 726 56.8 427 59.2 477 55.8 527 55.4 577 51.9 627 54.0 677 52.1 727 56.5 428 59.1 478 55.5 528 55.5 578 51.6 628 54.1 678 51.7 728 56.2 429 59.0 479 55.2 529 55.6 579 51.4 629 54.4 679 51.1 729 55.5 430 58.9 480 55.1 530 55.7 580 51.1 630 54.7 680 50.5 730 54.6 431 58.7 481 55.0 531 55.8 581 50.7 631 55.1 681 50.1 731 54.1

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SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH

432 58.6 482 54.9 532 55.9 582 50.3 632 55.4 682 49.8 732 53.7 433 58.5 483 54.9 533 56.0 583 49.8 633 55.4 683 49.7 733 53.2 434 58.4 484 54.9 534 56.0 584 49.3 634 55.0 684 49.6 734 52.9 435 58.4 485 54.9 535 56.0 585 48.7 635 54.5 685 49.5 735 52.5 436 58.3 486 54.9 536 56.0 586 48.2 6.36 53.6 686 49.5 736 52.0 437 58.2 487 54.9 537 56.0 587 48.1 637 52.5 687 49.7 737 51.3 438 58.1 488 55.0 538 56.0 588 48.0 638 50.2 688 50.0 738 50.5 439 58.0 489 55.0 539 56.0 589 48.0 6.39 48.2 689 50.2 739 49.5 440 57.9 490 55.0 540 56.0 590 48.1 640 46.5 690 50.6 740 48.5 441 57.9 491 55.0 541 56.0 591 48.4 641 46.2 691 51.1 741 47.6 442 57.9 492 55.0 542 56.0 592 48.9 642 46.0 692 51.6 742 46.8 443 57.9 493 55.0 543 56.0 593 49.0 643 46.0 693 51.9 743 45.6 444 57.9 494 55.1 544 56.0 594 49.1 644 46.3 694 52.0 744 44.2 445 58.0 495 55.1 545 56.0 595 49.1 645 46.8 695 52.1 745 42.5 446 58.1 496 55.0 546 56.0 596 49.0 646 47.5 696 52.4 746 39.2 447 58.1 497 54.9 547 55.9 597 49.0 647 48.2 697 52.9 747 35.9 448 58.2 498 54.9 548 55.9 598 48.9 648 48.8 698 53.3 748 32.6 449 58.2 499 54.8 549 55.9 599 48.6 649 49.5 699 53.7 749 29.3

[42 FR 45667, Sept. 12, 1977]

APPENDIX II TO PART 600—SAMPLE FUEL HC=.139 grams/mile ECONOMY CALCULATIONS CO=1.59 grams/mile CO2=317 grams/mile (a) This sample fuel economy calculation is applicable to 1978 through 1987 model year According to the procedure in § 600.113–78, automobiles. the city fuel economy or MPGc, for the vehi- (1) Assume that a gasoline-fueled vehicle cle may be calculated by substituting the was tested by the Federal Emission Test HC, CO, and CO2 grams/mile values into the Procedure and the following results were cal- following equation. culated:

2421 MPG = c ×+ ×+ × (0 . 866HC ) ( 0 .429 CO ) ( 0 . 273 CO2 ) 2421 MPG = c (0 . 866×+ 139 . ) ( 0 .429 ×+ 1 . 59 ) ( 0 . 273 × 317 )

MPGc=27.7 resulted in a highway fuel economy or MPGh (2) Assume that the same vehicle was test- of 36.9. According to the procedure in ed by the Federal Highway Fuel Economy § 600.113, the combined fuel economy (called MPG ) for the vehicle may be calculated by Test Procedure and calculation similar to c/h substituting the city and highway fuel econ- that shown in paragraph (a) by this appendix omy values into the following equation:

= 1 MPGch/ 055.+ 0 .45 MPGch MPG

= 1 MPGch/ 055. + 0.45 27. 7 36. 9 = MPGch/ 31. 2

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(b) This sample fuel economy calculation is applicable to 1988 and later model year automobiles. (1) Assume that a gasoline-fueled vehicle was tested by the Federal Emission Test Procedure and the following results were calculated: HC = .139 grams/mile. CO = 1.59 grams/mile.

CO2 = 317 grams/mile. (2) Assume that the test fuel used for this test had the following properties: SG = 0.745. CWF = 0.868. NHV = 18,478 Btu/lb. (3) According to the procedure in § 600.113–

08, the city fuel economy or MPGc, for the vehicle may be calculated by substituting

the HC, CO, and CO2 gram/mile values and the SG, CWF, and NHV values into the following equation: [51 FR 37852, Oct. 24, 1986, as amended at 71 4 MPGc = (5174 × 10 × CWF × SG) / [((CWF × HC) FR 77958, Dec. 27, 2006; 76 FR 39570, July 6, + (0.429 × CO + (0.273 × CO2)) ((0.6 × SG × 2011] NHV) + 5471)] APPENDIX III TO PART 600—SAMPLE Example: FUEL ECONOMY LABEL CALCULATION 4 MPGc = (5174 × 10 × 0.868 × 0.745) / [(0.868 × .139 + 0.429 × 1.59 + 0.273 × 317)(0.6 × 0.745 Suppose that a manufacturer called Mizer × 18478 + 5471)] Motors has a product line composed of eight

MPGc = 27.9 car lines. Of these eight, four are available with the 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, sequential (4) Assume that the same vehicle was test- multi-point fuel injection, 4-valve per cyl- ed by the Federal Highway Fuel Economy inder, and 3-way catalyst engine. These four Test Procedure and a calculation similar to car lines are: that shown in (b)(3) of this section resulted Ajax in a highway fuel economy of MPG of 36.9. h Boredom III According to the procedure in § 600.210–08(c) Dodo or § 600.210–12(c), the combined fuel economy Castor (Station Wagon) (called MPGcomb) for the vehicle may be calculated by substituting the city and highway A. A car line is defined in subpart A (with additional guidance provided in EPA Advi- fuel economy values into the following equa- sory Circular 89) as a group of vehicles with- tion: in a make or division which has a degree of commonality in construction. Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by such characteristics as roofline, number of doors, seats, or windows. Station wagons and light duty trucks are, however, identified separately from the remainder of each car line. In other words, a Castor station wagon would be considered a different car line than the normal Castor car line made up of sedans, coupes, etc. B. The engine considered here is defined as a basic engine in subpart A of this part (with additional guidance provided in EPA Advi- sory Circular 83A). A basic engine is a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system, catalyst usage and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator. A model type is a unique combination of car line, basic engine,

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and transmission class. Thus Ajax is a car rived 5-cycle method or vehicle-specific 5- line but Ajax 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder manual cycle based method). The procedure is iden- four-speed transmission is a model type tical for highway and combined fuel econ- whereas Ajax 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder automatic omy values. three-speed transmission is a different model Step I. Input data as supplied by the manu- type. facturer or as determined from testing con- C. The following calculations provide an ducted by the Administrator. example of the procedures described in subpart C of this part for the calculation of ve- Manufacturer—Mizer Motors hicle configuration and model type fuel economy values. In order to simplify the Basic Engine: (3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, sequen- presentation, only city fuel economy values tial multi-point fuel injection, 4-valve per are included (as determined by either the de- cylinder, 3-way catalyst).

Harmoni- Test vehicle carline Engine code Trans Inertia Axle ratio cally aver- Specific Vehicle weight aged. city label MPG 1 config. sales MPG

Ajax ...... 1 M–4 3500 2.73 16.1001 16 15,000 Ajax ...... 2 A–3 3500 2.56 15.9020 16 35,000 Boredom III ...... 4 M–4 4000 3.08 14.2343 14 10,000 Ajax ...... 3 M–4 4000 3.36 15.0000 15 15,000 Boredom III ...... 8 A–3 4000 2.56 13.8138 14 25,000 Boredom III ...... 5 A–3 4500 3.08 13.2203 13 20,000 Castor ...... 5 A–3 5000 3.08 10.6006 11 40,000 1 The vehicle configuration fuel economy values, rounded to the nearest mile per gallon, are the fuel economy values that would be used on specific labels for that vehicle configuration.

Step II. Group vehicle fuel economy and sales data according to base level combinations within this basic engine.

Projected Inertia Miles per vehicle con- Base level Transmission class weight gallon figuration sales

A ...... Manual-4 ...... 3,500 16.1001 15,000 B ...... Automatic-3 ...... 3,500 15.9020 35,000 C ...... Manual-4 ...... 4,000 14.2343 10,000 C ...... Manual-4 ...... 4,000 15.0000 15,000 D ...... Automatic-3 ...... 4,000 13.8138 25,000 E ...... Automatic-3 ...... 4,500 13.2203 20,000 F ...... Automatic-3 ...... 5,000 10.6006 40,000

Step III. Determine base level fuel econ- 4,500 lb/A3 trans- 13.2203 mpg. omy values. mission. A. For all the base levels except the base level which includes 4,000 pound, manual 5,000 lb/A3 trans- 10.6006 mpg. four-speed transmission data, the base level mission. fuel economy is as noted in Step II since only one vehicle configuration was tested B. Since data from more than one vehicle within each of these base levels. configuration are included in the 4,000- pound, manual four-speed transmission base 3,500 lb/M4 trans- 16.1001 mpg. level, this fuel economy is harmonically mission. averaged in proportion to the percentage of total sales of all vehicle configurations test- 3,500 lb/A3 trans- 15.9020 mpg. ed within that base level represented by each mission. vehicle configuration tested within that base 4,000 lb/A3 trans- 13.8138 mpg. level. mission.

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Base level fuel economy = 1 ⎡ ⎤ ⎡Fractiion of total sales ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡Fraction of total sales of configuurations⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎢of configurations tested ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎢tested represented by ⎥ + ⎢Configuration ⎥ ⎢represented by configuration ⎥ ⎢Configuration ⎥ ⎣⎢configuration No. 1 sales ⎦⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ No. 1 fuel economy⎦ ⎣No. 2 sales ⎦ ⎣ No. 2 1 fuel economy ⎦

Base level: M4 transmission, 4000 pounds:

1 = 14. 6840 miles per gallon ⎡10000 ⎤ 1 ⎡15000 ⎤ 1 ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎣25000⎦ 14.. 2343 ⎣25000⎦ 15 0000

Therefore, the 4000 pound, M4 transmission Step IV. For each model type offered by fuel economy is 14.6840 miles per gallon. the manufacturer with that basic engine, de- Note that the car line of the test vehicle termine the sales fraction represented by using a given engine makes no difference— each inertia weight/transmission class com- only the weight and transmission do. bination and the corresponding fuel economy.

Ajax ...... M4 ...... 0.4000 at 3,500 lb ...... 16.1001 0.6000 at 4,000 lb ...... 14.6840 A3 ...... 0.3000 at 3,500 lb ...... 15.9020 0.7000 at 4,000 lb ...... 13.8138

Dodo ...... M4 ...... 0.4000 at 3,500 lb ...... 16.1001 0.6000 at 4,000 lb ...... 14.6840 A3 ...... 0.3000 at 3,500 lb ...... 15.9020 0.7000 at 4,000 lb ...... 13.8138

Boredom III ...... M4 ...... 1.0000 at 4,000 lb ...... 14.6840 A3 ...... 0.2500 at 4,000 lb ...... 13.8138 0.7500 at 4,500 lb ...... 13.2203

Castor ...... A3 ...... 0.2000 at 4,500 lb ...... 13.2203 0.8000 at 5,000 lb ...... 10.6006

Step V. Determine fuel economy for each Ajax, 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 transmission, model type (that is, car line/basic engine/ model type MPG is calculated as follows: transmission class combination).

1 ⎡ The fraction of Ajax ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ vehicles using the 3.0 liter, 6 cylindder ⎥ ⎡The fraction of Ajax vehicles using the ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ engine which fall in the 3500 lb inertia ⎥ 3.0 liter, 6 cylinderc engine which fall in the 4000 lb ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ weight class wiith an A3 transmission ⎥ ⎢inertia weight cllass with an A3 transmission ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎢Fuel economy for 3.0 liter, 6 cylindder 3500 lb ⎥ Fuel economy for 3.0 liter 6 ccylinder 4000 lb A3 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢A3 transmission base level ⎥ ⎢ transmission base level ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦ 1 = = 14. 3803 mpg, which rounds to 14 MPG1 ⎡ 0.3000 ⎤ ⎡ 0. 7000 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎣15.9020⎦ ⎣13. 8138⎦

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Similarly, Ajax and Dodo 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, M4 model type MPG is calculated as follows:

1 = 15., 2185 which rouunds to 15 MPG1 ⎡ 0. 4000 ⎤ ⎡ 0. 6000 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎣16. 1001⎦ ⎣14. 6840⎦

Dodo 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 model type MPG is calculated as follows:

1 = = 14., 3803 mpg whicch rounds to 14 MPG1 ⎡ 0. 3000 ⎤ ⎡ 0. 7000 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎣15. 9020⎦ ⎣13. 8138⎦

Boredom III 3.0 liter 6 cylinder M4 model Boredom III 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 model type MPG = 14.6840 mpg, which rounds to 15 type MPG is calculated as follows: mi./gal1

1 = 13., 3638 which rouunds to 13 MPG1 ⎡ 0. 2500 ⎤ ⎡ 0. 7500 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎣13. 8138⎦ ⎣13. 2203⎦

Castor 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 model type MPG is calculated as follows:

1 = 11., 0381 which rouunds to 11 MPG1 ⎡ 0. 2000 ⎤ ⎡ 0. 8000 ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎣13. 2203⎦ ⎣10. 6006⎦ Note that even though no Dodo was actually tested, this approach permits its fuel economy figure to be estimated, based on the inertia weight distribution of projected Dodo sales within a specific engine and transmission grouping. [71 FR 77958, Dec. 27, 2006]

1 The model type fuel economy values Fuel Economy Guide and used on the general rounded to the nearest mile per gallon, are labels (window stickers) for production vehi- the fuel economy values listed in the EPA cles for that model year.

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APPENDIXES IV–V TO PART 600 [RESERVED]

APPENDIX VI TO PART 600—SAMPLE FUEL ECONOMY LABELS AND STYLE GUIDELINES FOR 2013 AND LATER MODEL YEARS

This appendix illustrates label content and format for 2013 and later model years. Manufac- turers must make a good faith effort to conform to these templates and follow these formatting specifications. EPA will make available electronic files for creating labels.

A. GASOLINE-FUELED VEHICLES, INCLUDING HYBRID GASOLINE-ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH NO PLUG-IN CAPABILITIES

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B. GASOLINE-FUELED VEHICLES, INCLUDING HYBRID GASOLINE-ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH NO PLUG-IN CAPABILITIES, WITH GAS GUZZLER TAX

C. DIESEL-FUELED VEHICLES, INCLUDING HYBRID DIESEL-ELECTRIC VEHICLES WITH NO PLUG-IN CAPABILITIES

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D. DUAL FUEL VEHICLE LABEL (ETHANOL/GASOLINE)

E. DUAL FUEL VEHICLE LABEL (ETHANOL/GASOLINE) WITH OPTIONAL DISPLAY OF DRIVING RANGE VALUES

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F. HYDROGEN FUEL CELL VEHICLE LABEL

G. NATURAL GAS VEHICLE LABEL

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H. PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE LABEL, SERIES PHEV

I. PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE LABEL, BLENDED PHEV

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J. ELECTRIC VEHICLE LABEL

K. STYLE GUIDELINES Use white characters in black fields; use black characters in all other places. Unless (a) Fuel economy labels must be printed on noted otherwise, text is left-justified with a white or very light paper. Any label mark- 1.6 millimeter margin. Some type may need ings for which colors are not specified must tracking adjustments to fit in the designated be in black and white as shown. Some por- space. tions of the label must be filled with a blue (c) Use the following conventions for lines or blue-shaded color as specified in subpart D and borders: of this part. Use the color blue defined in (1) Narrow lines defining the border or sep- CMYK values of 40c–10m–0y–0k, or it may be arating the main fields are 1.6 millimeter specified as Pantone 283. thick. (b) Use a Univers font from Adobe or an- (2) Each rectangular shape or area, includ- other source that properly reproduces the la- ing the overall label outline, has an upper bels as shown in the samples. Use Light (L), left corner that is square (0 radius). All other Roman (R), Bold (B) or Black (Bl) font corners have a 3.2 millimeter radius. weights as noted. Font size is shown in (d) Fuel and vehicle icons, range and slider points, followed by leading specifications in bars, and agency names and logos are avail- points to indicate line spacing (if applicable). able electronically.

(e) The following figures illustrate the formatting specifications:

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[76 FR 39570, July 6, 2011]

APPENDIX VII TO PART 600 [RESERVED] Subpart B—Evaluation Criteria for the Preliminary Analysis

PART 610—FUEL ECONOMY 610.20 General. RETROFIT DEVICES 610.21 Device functional category and vehicle system effects. TEST PROCEDURES AND EVALUATION CRITERIA 610.22 Device integrity. 610.23 Operator interaction effects. Subpart A—General Provisions 610.24 Validity of test data. 610.25 Evaluation of test data. Sec. 610.10 Program purpose. Subpart C—Test Requirement Criteria 610.11 Definitions. 610.12 Program initiative. 610.30 General. 610.13 Program structure. 610.31 Vehicle tests for fuel economy and 610.14 Payment of program costs. exhaust emissions. 610.15 Eligibility for participation. 610.32 Test fleet selection. 610.16 Applicant’s responsibilities. 610.33 Durability tests. 610.17 Application format. 610.34 Special test conditions. 610.35 Driveability and performance tests.

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