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US EPA 86.1803-01 Definitions § 86.1803–01 40 CFR Ch

Appendix B US EPA 86.1803-01 Definitions § 86.1803–01 40 CFR Ch. I (7–1–11 Edition)

applicable for the appropriate model ble hose connections; the number of year. high side service ports; the number of low side service ports; the number of § 86.1803–01 Definitions. switches, transducers, and expansion The following definitions apply to valves; the number of TXV refrigerant this subpart: control devices; the number and type of 505 Cycle means the test cycle that heat exchangers, mufflers, receiver/ consists of the first 505 seconds (sec- dryers, and accumulators; and the onds 1 to 505) of the EPA Urban Dyna- length and type of flexible hose (e.g., mometer Driving Schedule, described rubber, standard barrier or veneer, in § 86.115–00 and listed in appendix I, ultra-low permeation). paragraph (a), of this part. Alternative fuels means any fuel other 866 Cycle means the test cycle that than gasoline and diesel fuels, such as consists of the last 866 seconds (seconds methanol, ethanol, and gaseous fuels. 506 to 1372) of the EPA Urban Dyna- Approach angle means the smallest mometer Driving Schedule, described angle in a plan side view of an auto- in § 86.115–00 and listed in appendix I, mobile, formed by the level surface on paragraph (a), of this part. which the automobile is standing and a Abnormally treated vehicle means any line tangent to the front tire static diesel light-duty vehicle or diesel light- loaded radius arc and touching the un- duty truck that is operated for less derside of the automobile forward of than five miles in a 30 day period im- the front tire. mediately prior to conducting a partic- As-received condition means the condi- ulate emissions test. tion of an in-use vehicle procured for AC1 means a test procedure as de- emission testing required by this sub- scribed in § 86.162–00 which simulates part upon which no adjustments, main- testing with air conditioning operating tenance, or component replacement in an environmental test cell by adding has occurred subsequent to the vehi- the air conditioning compressor load to cle’s last routine operation by the vehi- the normal dynamometer forces. cle’s owner, lessee, or operator prior to AC2 means a test procedure as de- procurement. scribed in § 86.162–00 which simulates Auxiliary Emission Control Device testing with air conditioning operating (AECD) means any element of design in an environmental test cell by adding which senses temperature, vehicle a heat load to the passenger compart- speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, ment. manifold vacuum, or any other param- Accuracy means the difference be- eter for the purpose of activating, mod- tween a measurement and true value. ulating, delaying, or deactivating the Act means Part A of Title II of the operation of any part of the emission Clean Air Act as amended, 42 U.S.C., control system. 7401, et seq. Averaging for chassis-bases heavy-duty Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight means vehicles means the exchange of NOX the numerical average of vehicle curb emission credits among test groups weight and gross vehicle weight rating within a given manufacturer’s product (GVWR). line. Administrator means the Adminis- Averaging set means a subcategory of trator of the Environmental Protection complete heavy-duty vehicles within Agency or his/her authorized represent- which test groups can average and ative. trade emission credits with one an- Air Conditioning Idle Test means the other. test procedure specified in § 86.165–12. Axle clearance means the vertical dis- Air conditioning system means a tance from the level surface on which unique combination of air conditioning an automobile is standing to the lowest and climate control components, in- point on the axle differential of the cluding: compressor type (e.g., belt, automobile. gear, or electric-driven, or a combina- Banking means one of the following: tion of compressor drive mechanisms); (1) The retention of NOX emission compressor refrigerant capacity; the credits for complete heavy-duty vehi- number and type of rigid pipe and flexi- cles by the manufacturer generating

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the emission credits, for use in future all of their vehicles meet a specified model year certification programs as fleet average standard for a particular permitted by regulation. pollutant. (2) The retention of cold temperature Body style means a level of com- non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) monality in vehicle construction as de- emission credits for light-duty vehi- fined by number of doors and roof cles, light-duty trucks, and medium- treatment (e.g., , , duty passenger vehicles by the manu- fastback, ). facturer generating the emission cred- Body type means a name denoting a its, for use in future model year certifi- group of vehicles that are either in the cation programs as permitted by regu- same line or in different car lines lation. provided the only reason the vehicles (3) The retention of NOX emission qualify to be considered in different car credits for light-duty vehicles, light- lines is that they are produced by a duty trucks, and medium-duty pas- separate division of a single manufac- senger vehicles for use in future model turer. year certification programs as per- Breakover angle means the supple- mitted by regulation. ment of the largest angle, in the plan (4) The retention of CO2 emission side view of an automobile, that can be credits for light-duty vehicles, light- formed by two lines tangent to the duty trucks, and medium-duty pas- front and rear static loaded radii arcs senger vehicles for use in future model and intersecting at a point on the un- year certification programs as per- derside of the automobile. mitted by regulation. Calibration means the set of specifica- Base level has the meaning given in tions, including tolerances, unique to a § 600.002–08 of this chapter. particular design, version, or applica- Base tire has the meaning given in tion of a component or components as- § 600.002–08 of this chapter. sembly capable of functionally describ- Base vehicle has the meaning given in ing its operation over its working § 600.002–08 of this chapter. range. Basic engine has the meaning given in § 600.002–08 of this chapter. Calibration gas means a gas of known Basic vehicle frontal area means the concentration which is used to estab- area enclosed by the geometric projec- lish the response curve of an analyzer. tion of the basic vehicle along the lon- CalLEV II or California LEV II refers gitudinal axis, which includes tires but to California’s second phase of its low excludes mirrors and air deflectors, emission vehicle (LEV) program. This onto a plane perpendicular to the lon- program was adopted at the hearing of gitudinal axis of the vehicle. the California Air Resources Board Bi-directional control means the capa- held on November 5, 1998 and became bility of a diagnostic tool to send mes- effective on November 27, 1999. sages on the data bus that temporarily Candidate in-use vehicle means an in- overrides the module’s control over a use vehicle which would be eligible to sensor or actuator and gives control to participate in the in-use verification the diagnostic tool operator. Bi-direc- program in accordance with § 86.1845–01. tional controls do not create perma- Carbon-related exhaust emissions nent changes to engine or component (CREE) has the meaning given in calibrations. § 600.002–08 of this chapter. Bin or emission bin means a set of Car line means a name denoting a emission standards applicable to ex- group of vehicles within a make or car haust pollutants measured on the Fed- division which has a degree of com- eral Test Procedure (FTP). A bin is monality in construction (e.g., body, equivalent to a horizontal row of FTP chassis). Car line does not consider any standards in Tables S04–1 and S04–2 level of decor or opulence and is not shown in this subpart. Manufacturers generally distinguished by characteris- are generally free to choose the bin of tics as roofline, number of doors, seats, standards that will apply to a certain or windows except for station wagons test group of vehicles, provided that on or light-duty trucks. Station wagons, a sales weighted average of those bins, light-duty trucks, and complete heavy-

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duty vehicles are considered to be dif- economy as determined by the Admin- ferent car lines than passenger . istrator. Certification Short Test (CST) means Critical emission-related maintenance the test, for gasoline-fueled Otto-cycle means that maintenance to be per- light-duty vehicles and light-duty formed on critical emission-related trucks, performed in accordance with components. the procedures contained in 40 CFR Curb weight means the actual or the part 86, subpart O. manufacturer’s estimated weight of the Combined CO2 means the CO2 value vehicle in operational status with all determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) standard equipment, and weight of fuel by averaging the city and highway CO2 at nominal tank capacity, and the values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respec- weight of optional equipment com- tively. puted in accordance with § 86.1832–01; Combined CREE means the CREE incomplete light-duty trucks shall value determined for a vehicle (or vehi- have the curb weight specified by the cles) by averaging the city and high- manufacturer. way fuel CREE values, weighted 0.55 Curb-idle means, for manual trans- and 0.45 respectively. mission code motor vehicles, the en- Complete heavy-duty vehicle means gine speed with the transmission in any Otto-cycle heavy-duty vehicle of neutral or with the clutch disengaged 14,000 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight and with the air conditioning system, Rating or less that has the primary if present, turned off. For automatic load carrying device or container at- transmission code motor vehicles, tached at the time the vehicle leaves curb-idle means the engine speed with the control of the manufacturer of the the automatic transmission in the park engine. position (or neutral position if there is Configuration means a subclassifica- no park position), and with the air con- tion within a test group which is based ditioning system, if present, turned off. on engine code, inertia weight class, Data stream information means infor- transmission type and gear ratios, final mation (i.e., messages and parameters) drive ratio, and other parameters originated within the vehicle by a mod- which may be designated by the Ad- ule or intelligent sensors (i.e., a sensor ministrator. that contains and is controlled by its Conveniently available service facility own module) and transmitted between and spare parts for small-volume manu- a network of modules and/or intelligent facturers means that the vehicle manu- facturer has a qualified service facility sensors connected in parallel with ei- at or near the authorized point of sale ther one or two communication wires. or delivery of its vehicles and main- The information is broadcast over the tains an inventory of all emission-re- communication wires for use by other lated spare parts or has made arrange- modules (e.g., chassis, transmission, ments for the part manufacturers to etc.) to conduct normal vehicle oper- supply the parts by expedited shipment ation or for use by diagnostic tools. (e.g., utilizing overnight express deliv- Data stream information does not in- ery service, UPS, etc.). clude engine calibration related infor- Crankcase emissions means airborne mation. substances emitted to the atmosphere Dedicated vehicle means any motor from any portion of the engine crank- vehicle engineered and designed to be case ventilation or lubrication sys- operated using a single fuel. Flexible tems. fuel vehicles and multi-fuel vehicles Critical emission-related components are not dedicated vehicles. are those components which are de- Defeat device means an auxiliary signed primarily for emission control, emission control device (AECD) that or whose failure may result in a signifi- reduces the effectiveness of the emis- cant increase in emissions accom- sion control system under conditions panied by no significant impairment which may reasonably be expected to (or perhaps even an improvement) in be encountered in normal vehicle oper- performance, driveability, and/or fuel ation and use, unless:

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(1) Such conditions are substantially by the Administrator under § 86.1805– included in the Federal emission test 01(c). The determination of durability procedure; useful life shall exclude any standard (2) The need for the AECD is justified and related useful life mileage for in terms of protecting the vehicle which the manufacturer has obtained a against damage or accident; or waiver of emission data submission re- (3) The AECD does not go beyond the quirements under § 86.1829–01. requirements of engine starting. means a motor vehicle Departure angle means the smallest that is powered solely by an electric angle, in a plan side view of a motor motor drawing current from a re- vehicle, formed by the level surface on chargeable energy storage system, such which the motor vehicle is standing as from storage batteries or other port- and a line tangent to the rear tire stat- able electrical energy storage devices, ic loaded radius arc and touching the including hydrogen fuel cells, provided underside of the motor vehicle rear- that: ward of the rear tire. (1) The vehicle is capable of drawing Diesel means a type of engine with recharge energy from a source off the operating characteristics significantly vehicle, such as residential electric similar to the theoretical Diesel com- service; and bustion cycle. The non-use of a throttle (2) The vehicle must be certified to during normal operation is indicative the emission standards of Bin #1 of of a . Table S04–1 in § 86.1811–09(c)(6). Dispensed fuel temperature means the (3) The vehicle does not have an on- temperature (deg. F or deg. C may be board combustion engine/generator used) of the fuel being dispensed into system as a means of providing elec- the tank of the test vehicle during a re- trical energy. fueling test. Element of design means any control Diurnal breathing losses means diurnal system (i.e., computer software, elec- emissions. tronic control system, emission control Diurnal emissions means evaporative system, computer logic), and/or control emissions resulting from the daily cy- system calibrations, and/or the results cling of ambient temperatures. of systems interaction, and/ or hard- Drive train configuration means a ware items on a motor vehicle or unique combination of engine code, motor vehicle engine. transmission configuration, and axle Emission control system is a unique ratio. group of emission control devices, aux- Dual fuel vehicle means any motor ve- iliary emission control devices, engine hicle engineered and designed to be op- modifications and strategies, and other erated on two different fuels, but not elements of design designated by the on a mixture of the fuels. Administrator used to control exhaust Durability data vehicle means a vehi- emissions of a vehicle. cle used to generate durability data as Emission credits mean the amount of required in this subpart. emission reductions or exceedances, by Durability group means the basic clas- a complete heavy-duty vehicle test sification unit of a manufacturer’s group, below or above the emission product line used for the purpose of se- standard, respectively. Emission cred- lecting a vehicle configuration to dem- its below the standard are considered onstrate durability and predict deterio- as ‘‘positive credits,’’ while emission ration in accordance with § 86.1822–01. credits above the standard are consid- Durability useful life means the high- ered as ‘‘negative credits.’’ In addition, est useful life mileage out of the set of ‘‘projected credits’’ refer to emission all useful life mileages that apply to a credits based on the projected U.S. pro- given vehicle. The durability useful life duction volume of the test group. ‘‘Re- determines the duration of service ac- served credits’’ are emission credits cumulation on a durability data vehi- generated within a model year waiting cle. The determination of durability to be reported to EPA at the end of the useful life shall reflect any light-duty model year. ‘‘Actual credits’’ refer to truck or complete heavy-duty vehicle emission credits based on actual U.S. alternative useful life periods approved production volumes as contained in the

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end-of-year reports submitted to EPA. Evaporative emissions means hydro- Some or all of these credits may be re- carbons emitted into the atmosphere voked if EPA review of the end of year from a motor vehicle, other than ex- reports or any subsequent audit ac- haust and crankcase emissions. tions uncover problems or errors. Evaporative/refueling control system Emission-related component means any means a unique combination within an component which can affect emissions. evaporative/refueling family of can- Emission-related maintenance means ister adsorptive material, purge system that maintenance which does substan- configuration, purge strategy, and tially affect emissions or which is like- other parameters determined by the ly to affect the emissions deterioration Administrator to affect evaporative of the vehicle during normal in-use op- and refueling emission control system eration, even if the maintenance is per- durability or deterioration factors. formed at some time other than that Evaporative/refueling emission code which is recommended. means a unique combination, in an Engine code means a unique combina- evaporative/refueling family-evapo- tion within a test group of displace- rative emission control system com- ment, fuel injection (or carburetor) bination, of purge system calibrations, calibration, choke calibration, dis- fuel tank and carburetor bowl vent tributor calibration, auxiliary emis- calibrations and other fuel system and sion control devices, and other engine evaporative emission control system and emission control system compo- components and calibrations specified nents specified by the Administrator. by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code Evaporative/refueling family means the means a unique combination of manu- basic classification unit of a manufac- facturer, electric traction motor, turers’ product line used for the pur- motor configuration, motor controller, pose of evaporative and refueling emis- and energy storage device. sions test fleet selection and deter- Engine warm-up cycle means suffi- mined in accordance with § 86.1821–01. cient vehicle operation such that the Evaporative/refueling vehicle configura- coolant temperature has risen by at tion means a unique combination of least 40 deg. F from engine starting and basic engine, engine code, body type, reaches a minimum temperature of 160 and evaporative emission code. deg. F. Exhaust emissions means substances Environmental test cell means a test emitted to the atmosphere from any cell capable of wind-speed, solar ther- opening downstream from the exhaust mal load, ambient temperature, and port of a motor vehicle engine. humidity control or simulation which Exhaust gas recirculation valve means meets the requirements of § 86.161–00 a device which directs a portion of the for running emission tests with the air exhaust gas into the intake air stream conditioning operating. for the purpose of controlling emis- EPA Enforcement Officer means any sions. officer or employee of the Environ- Family emission limit (FEL) means an mental Protection Agency so des- emission level declared by the manu- ignated in writing by the Adminis- facturer which serves in lieu of an trator (or by his/her designee). emission standard for certification pur- Equivalent test weight means the poses in the averaging, trading and weight, within an inertia weight class, banking program. FELs must be ex- which is used in the dynamometer test- pressed to the same number of decimal ing of a vehicle and which is based on places as the applicable emission its loaded vehicle weight or adjusted standard. loaded vehicle weight in accordance Federal Test Procedure, or FTP means with the provisions of this part. the test procedure as described in Ethanol-fueled vehicle means any § 86.130–00(a) through (d) and (f) which motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine is designed to measure urban driving that is engineered and designed to be tail pipe exhaust emissions and evapo- operated using ethanol fuel (i.e., a fuel rative emissions over the Urban Dyna- that contains at least 50 percent eth- mometer Driving Schedule as described anol (C2H5OH) by volume) as fuel. in appendix I to this part. 336

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Fixed liquid level gauge means a type Footprint is the product of track of liquid level gauge used on liquefied width (measured in inches, calculated petroleum gas-fueled vehicles which as the average of front and rear track uses a relatively small positive shutoff widths, and rounded to the nearest valve and is designed to indicate when tenth of an inch) and wheelbase (meas- the liquid level in the fuel tank being ured in inches and rounded to the near- filled reaches the proper fill level. The est tenth of an inch), divided by 144 and venting of fuel vapor and/or liquid fuel then rounded to the nearest tenth of a to the atmosphere during the refueling square foot. event is generally associated with the vehicle means an electric ve- use of the fixed liquid level gauge. hicle propelled solely by an electric Fleet average cold temperature NMHC motor where energy for the motor is standard means, for light-duty vehicles, supplied by an electrochemical cell light-duty trucks and medium-duty that produces electricity via the non- passenger vehicles, an NMHC cold tem- combustion reaction of a consumable perature standard imposed over an in- fuel, typically hydrogen. dividual manufacturer’s total 50-State Fuel system means the combination of U.S. sales (or a fraction of total U.S. fuel tank(s), fuel pump, fuel lines, and sales during phase-in years), as ‘‘U.S. carburetor or fuel injection compo- sales’’ is defined to include all national nents, and includes all fuel system sales, including points-of-first sale in vents and fuel evaporative emission California, of a given model year. Man- control system components. Gaseous fuel means or liq- ufacturers determine their compliance uefied petroleum gas. with such a standard by averaging, on Gross vehicle weight means the manu- a sales-weighted basis, the individual facturer’s gross weight rating for the NMHC ‘‘Family Emission Limits’’ individual vehicle. (FEL—as defined in this subpart) to Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) which light-duty vehicles, light-duty means the value specified by the manu- trucks and medium-duty passenger ve- facturer as the maximum design loaded hicles were certified and sold for that weight of a single vehicle. model year. Hang-up refers to the process of hy- Fleet average NOX standard means, for drocarbon molecules being adsorbed, light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks condensed, or by any other method re- and medium-duty passenger vehicles, a moved from the sample flow prior to NOX standard imposed over an indi- reaching the instrument detector. It vidual manufacturer’s total U.S. sales also refers to any subsequent (or a fraction of total U.S. sales during desorption of the molecules into the phase-in years), as ‘U.S. sales’ is de- sample flow when they are assumed to fined in this subpart, of a given model be absent. year. Manufacturers determine their Heating degree day means the number compliance with such a standard by of degrees per day the daily average averaging, on a sales weighted basis, temperature is below 65 degrees Fahr- the individual NOX standards they enheit. The daily average temperature choose for the fleet of light-duty vehi- is the mean of the maximum and min- cles, light-duty trucks and medium- imum temperature for a 24-hour period. duty passenger vehicles they sell of The annual heating degree day value is that model year. derived by summing the daily heating Flexible fuel vehicle means any motor degree days over a calendar year pe- vehicle engineered and designed to be riod. operated on a petroleum fuel and on a Heavy light-duty truck means any methanol or ethanol fuel, or any mix- light-duty truck rated greater than ture of the petroleum fuel and meth- 6000 lbs GVWR. The LDT3 and LDT4 anol or ethanol. Methanol-fueled and classifications comprise the heavy ethanol-fueled vehicles that are only light-duty truck category. marginally functional when using gaso- Heavy-duty engine means any engine line (e.g., the engine has a drop in rated which the engine manufacturer could horsepower of more than 80 percent) reasonably expect to be used for motive are not flexible fuel vehicles. power in a heavy-duty vehicle.

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Heavy-duty vehicle means any motor HLDT/MDPV, or interim vehicle refer to vehicle rated at more than 8,500 pounds 2004 or later model year light-duty ve- GVWR or that has a vehicle curb hicles, light-duty trucks or MDPVs, or weight of more than 6,000 pounds or a specific combination thereof, not cer- that has a basic vehicle frontal area in tified to Tier 2 FTP exhaust emission excess of 45 square feet. standards during the Tier 2 phase-in High altitude means any elevation period. Model year 2004 HLDTs belong- over 1,219 meters (4,000 feet). ing to test groups whose model year High-altitude conditions means a test commences before December 21, 2003, altitude of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet), plus are not interim non-Tier 2 HLDTs un- or minus 100 meters (328 feet), or equiv- less their manufacturer chooses to alent observed barometric test condi- comply with the interim requirements tions of 83.3 kPa (24.2 inches Hg) plus applicable to HLDTs for all of its 2004 or minus 1 kPa (0.30 Hg). model year HLDTs as permitted in this Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure subpart. Similarly 2004 model year (HFET) has the meaning given in heavy-duty vehicles whose model year § 600.002–08 of this chapter. commences before December 21, 2003, Hot-soak emissions and Hot-soak losses are not interim non-Tier 2 MDPVs un- means evaporative emissions after ter- less their manufacturer chooses to mination of engine operation. comply with the interim requirements (HEV) means a applicable to MDPVs for all of its 2004 motor vehicle which draws propulsion model year MDPVs as permitted in this energy from onboard sources of stored subpart. The terms interim non-Tier 2 energy that are both an internal com- vehicle, interim non-Tier 2 LDV, interim bustion engine or heat engine using non-Tier 2 LDT, interim non-Tier 2 consumable fuel, and a rechargeable HLDT, interim non-Tier 2 MDPV, etc. energy storage system such as a bat- have the same meaning without the tery, capacitor, hydraulic accumulator, words ‘‘non-Tier 2’’. or flywheel, where recharge energy for Interior volume index has the meaning the energy storage system comes solely given in § 600.315–08 of this chapter. from sources on board the vehicle. Intermediary means any individual or Incomplete heavy-duty vehicle means entity, other than a manufacturer, any heavy-duty vehicle which does not which provides service or equipment to have the primary load carrying device automotive technicians. or container attached. Incomplete truck means any truck Intermediate temperature cold testing which does not have the primary load means testing done pursuant to the carrying device or container attached. driving cycle and testing conditions Indirect information means any infor- contained in subpart C of this part, at ¥ mation that is not specifically con- temperatures between 25 deg.F ( 4 deg. tained in the service literature, but is C) and 68 deg. F (20 deg. C). contained in items such as tools or In-use vehicle means a customer equipment provided to franchised deal- owned and operated vehicle which is ers (or others). not under the control of the manufac- Inertia weight class means the class, turer, dealerships or their agents. which is a group of equivalent test Leased vehicles will be considered in- weights, into which a vehicle is use vehicles for the purpose of this sub- grouped based on its test weight basis part if the vehicles meet the criteria in accordance with the provisions of specified in § 86.1845–01. this part 86. In-use verification program (IUVP) Integrated refueling emission control means the testing program conducted system means a system where vapors re- by manufacturers which gathers in-use sulting from refueling are stored in a emission data in accordance with common vapor storage unit(s) with § 86.1848–01. other evaporative emissions of the ve- LDV/T means light-duty vehicles and hicle and are purged through a com- light-duty trucks collectively, without mon purge system. regard to category. Interim non-Tier 2 vehicle, interim non- Light light-duty truck means any Tier 2 LDV/LLDT, interim non-Tier 2 light-duty truck rated up through 6000

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lbs GVWR. The LDT1 and LDT2 classi- MDPV definition does not include any fications compose the light light-duty vehicle which: truck category. (1) Is an ‘‘incomplete truck’’ as de- Light-duty truck means any motor ve- fined in this subpart; or hicle rated at 8,500 pounds GVWR or (2) Has a seating capacity of more less which has a curb weight of 6,000 than 12 persons; or pounds or less and which has a basic (3) Is designed for more than 9 per- vehicle frontal area of 45 square feet or sons in seating rearward of the driver’s less, which is: seat; or (1) Designed primarily for purposes of (4) Is equipped with an open cargo transportation of property or is a deri- area (for example, a pick-up truck box vation of such a vehicle; or or bed) of 72.0 inches in interior length (2) Designed primarily for transpor- or more. A covered box not readily ac- tation of persons and has a capacity of cessible from the passenger compart- more than 12 persons; or ment will be considered an open cargo (3) Available with special features en- abling off-street or off-highway oper- area for purposes of this definition. ation and use. Methanol-fueled vehicle means any Light-duty truck 1 (LDT1) means any motor vehicle or motor vehicle engine light light-duty truck up through 3750 that is engineered and designed to be lbs loaded vehicle weight. operated using methanol fuel (i.e., a Light-duty truck 2 (LDT2) means any fuel that contains at least 50 percent light light-duty truck greater than 3750 methanol (CH3OH) by volume) as fuel. lbs loaded vehicle weight. Model means a specific combination of Light-duty truck 3 (LDT3) means any car line, body style, and drivetrain con- heavy light-duty truck up through 5750 figuration. lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. Model type has the meaning given in Light-duty truck 4 (LDT4) means any § 600.002–08 of this chapter. heavy light-duty truck greater than Model year means the manufacturer’s 5750 lbs adjusted loaded vehicle weight. annual production period (as deter- Light-duty vehicle means a passenger mined by the Administrator) which in- car or passenger car derivative capable cludes January 1 of such calendar year: of seating 12 passengers or less. Provided that if the manufacturer has means a liquid no annual production period, the term hydrocarbon fuel that is stored under ‘‘model year’’ shall mean the calendar pressure and is composed primarily of year. species that are gases at atmospheric Motor vehicle has the meaning given conditions (temperature = 25 deg. C and in § 85.1703 of this chapter. pressure = 1 atm), excluding natural Multi-fuel means capable of operating gas. on two or more different fuel types, ei- Loaded vehicle weight means the vehi- ther separately or simultaneously. cle’s curb weight plus 300 pounds. Multi-fuel vehicle means any motor Low altitude means any elevation vehicle capable of operating on two or equal to or less than 1,219 meters (4,000 more different fuel types, either sepa- feet). rately or simultaneously. Low altitude conditions means a test altitude less than 549 meters (1,800 Natural gas means a fuel whose pri- feet). mary constituent is methane. Malfunction means not operating ac- Nominal fuel tank capacity means the cording to specifications (e.g., those volume of the fuel tank(s), specified by specifications listed in the certifi- the manufacturer to the nearest tenth cation application). of a U.S. gallon, which may be filled Medium-duty passenger vehicle (MDPV) with fuel from the fuel tank filler means any heavy-duty vehicle (as de- inlet. fined in this subpart) with a gross vehi- Non-emission-related maintenance cle weight rating (GVWR) of less than means that maintenance which does 10,000 pounds that is designed primarily not substantially affect emissions and for the transportation of persons. The which does not have a lasting effect on

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the emissions deterioration of the vehi- Otto-cycle means type of engine with cle or engine during normal in-use op- operating characteristics significantly eration once the maintenance is per- similar to the theoretical Otto combus- formed. tion cycle. The use of a throttle during Non-integrated refueling emission con- normal operation is indicative of an trol system means a system where fuel Otto-cycle engine. vapors from refueling are stored in a Oxides of nitrogen means the sum of vapor storage unit assigned solely to the nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide the function of storing refueling va- contained in a gas sample as if the ni- pors. tric oxide were in the form of nitrogen Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Equivalent dioxide. means the sum of the carbon mass emissions of non-oxygenated non- Periodically regenerating trap oxidizer methane hydrocarbons, methanol, system means a trap oxidizer that uti- formaldehyde, or other organic com- lizes, during normal driving conditions, pounds that are separately measured, an automated regeneration mode for expressed as gasoline-fueled vehicle hy- cleaning the trap, the operation of drocarbons. In the case of exhaust which can be easily detected. emissions, the hydrogen-to-carbon Petroleum equivalency factor means ratio of the equivalent hydrocarbon is the value specified in 10 CFR 474.3(b), 1.85:1. In the case of diurnal and hot which incorporates the parameters list- soak emissions, the hydrogen-to-car- ed in 49 U.S.C. 32904(a)(2)(B) and is used bon ratios of the equivalent hydro- to calculate petroleum-equivalent fuel carbons are 2.33:1 and 2.2:1, respec- economy. tively. Petroleum-equivalent fuel economy Non-methane organic gases (NMOG) means the value, expressed in miles per means the sum of oxygenated and non- gallon, that is calculated for an elec- oxygenated hydrocarbons contained in tric vehicle in accordance with 10 CFR a gas sample as measured in accord- 474.3(a), and reported to the Adminis- ance with the California Non-Methane trator of the Environmental Protection Organic Gas Test Procedures. These re- Agency for use in determining the ve- quirements are incorporated by ref- hicle manufacturer’s corporate average erence (see § 86.1) fuel economy. Non-oxygenated hydrocarbon means organic emissions measured by a flame Petroleum fuel means liquid fuels nor- ionization detector, excluding meth- mally derived from crude oil, excluding anol. liquefied petroleum gas. Gasoline and N/V means the ratio of engine speed diesel fuel are petroleum fuels. in revolutions per minute (rpm) to ve- Petroleum-powered accessory means a hicle speed in miles per hour in the top vehicle accessory (e.g., a cabin heater, transmission gear. At the manufactur- defroster, and/or air conditioner) that: er’s option, either the 1:1 transmission (1) Uses gasoline or diesel fuel as its gear ratio or the lowest numerical gear primary energy source; and ratio available in the transmission will (2) Meets the requirements for fuel, be used to determine N/V. operation, and emissions in § 88.104– Option, in the context of a vehicle de- 94(g) of this chapter. sign feature, means any available Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) equipment or feature not standard means a hybrid electric vehicle that equipment on a model. has the capability to charge the bat- Original Equipment Manufacturer tery from an off-vehicle electric (OEM) means the manufacturer respon- source, such that the off-vehicle source sible for the design and production of a vehicle or component. This manufac- cannot be connected to the vehicle turer will be fully knowledgeable of while the vehicle is in motion. any production changes made to the Point of first sale means the location design of the vehicle or component and where the completed vehicle is first shall be able to track the individual ve- purchased. This term is synonymous hicles or component with regard to with final product purchase location. such production changes. The point of first sale may be a retail

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customer, dealer, distributor, fleet op- sions, running losses, or spitback emis- erator, broker, secondary manufac- sions. turer, or any other entity which pur- Round, rounded or rounding means, chases a vehicle from a manufacturer. unless otherwise specified, that num- In cases where the end user purchases bers will be rounded according to the completed vehicle directly from ASTM–E29–93a, which is incorporated the manufacturer, the end user is the by reference in this part pursuant to point of first sale. § 86.1. Precision means the standard devi- Running change means a change to a ation of replicated measurements. vehicle or addition of a model which Production volume has the meaning occurs after certification but during given in § 600.002–08 of this chapter. vehicle production. Proven emission control systems are Running losses means evaporative emission control components or sys- emissions that occur during vehicle op- tems (and fuel metering systems) that eration. have completed full durability testing SC03 means the test cycle, described evaluation over a vehicle’s useful life in § 86.160–00 and listed in appendix I, in some other certified test group, or paragraph (h), of this part, which is de- have completed bench or road testing signed to represent driving imme- demonstrated to be equal or more se- diately following startup. vere than certification mileage accu- Scheduled maintenance means any ad- mulation requirements. Alternatively, justment, repair, removal, disassembly, proven components or systems are cleaning, or replacement of vehicle those that are determined by EPA to components or systems which is per- be of comparable functional quality formed on a periodic basis to prevent and manufactured using comparable part failure or vehicle (if the engine materials and production techniques as were installed in a vehicle) malfunc- components or systems which have tion, or anticipated as necessary from been durability demonstrated in some inspection to correct an overt indica- other certified test group. In addition, tion of vehicle malfunction or failure the components or systems must be for which periodic maintenance is not employed in an operating environment appropriate. (e.g., temperature, exhaust flow, etc.,) Secondary air injection means a sys- similar to that experienced by the tem whereby air (not ingested by the original or comparable components or engine) is introduced into the exhaust systems in the original certified test system in front of a catalyst. group. Similar emission control systems are en- Recall program means the program ad- gine, fuel metering and emission con- ministered by the Agency under the trol system combinations which use authority of CAA section 207, and regu- the same fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel, lations in 40 CFR part 85. etc.), combustion cycle (e.g., two or Reconfigured emission-data vehicle four stroke), general type of fuel sys- means an emission-data vehicle ob- tem (e.g., carburetor or fuel injection), tained by modifying a previously used catalyst system (e.g., none, emission-data vehicle to represent an- oxidization, three-way plus oxidization, other emission-data vehicle. three-way only, etc.), fuel control sys- Refueling emissions means evaporative tem (e.g., feedback or non-feedback), emissions that emanate from a motor secondary air system (e.g., equipped or vehicle fuel tank(s) during a refueling not equipped) and exhaust gas recir- operation. culation (EGR) (e.g., equipped or not Refueling emissions canister(s) means equipped). any vapor storage unit(s) that is ex- Span gas means a gas of known con- posed to the vapors generated during centration which is used routinely to refueling. set the output level of an analyzer. Resting losses means evaporative Special features enabling off-street or emissions that may occur continu- off-highway operation and use means a ously, that are not diurnal emissions, vehicle that has: hot soak emissions, refueling emis- (1) Four-wheel drive; and

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(2) At least four of the following Test group means the basic classifica- characteristics calculated when the tion unit within a durability group automobile is at curb weight, on a level used for the purpose of demonstrating surface, with the front wheels parallel compliance with exhaust emission to the vehicle’s longitudinal center- standards in accordance with § 86.1841– line, and the tires inflated to the man- 01. The test group is also used as a clas- ufacturer’s recommended pressure; ap- sification unit for gathering in-use proach angle of not less than 28 de- data for the In-Use Verification Pro- grees, breakover angle of not less than gram (IUVP) in accordance with 14 degrees, departure angle of not less § 86.1848–01. than 20 degrees, running clearance of Test weight basis means the basis on not less than 8 inches, and front and which equivalent test weight is deter- rear axle clearances of not less than 7 mined in accordance with § 86.129–00 of inches each. subpart B of this part. Spitback emissions means evaporative Throttle means a device used to con- emissions resulting from the loss of liq- trol an engine’s power output by lim- uid fuel that is emitted from a vehicle iting the amount of air entering the during a fueling operation. combustion chamber. Standard equipment means those fea- Tier 2 HLDT/MDPV means any heavy tures or equipment which are marketed light-duty truck or medium-duty pas- on a vehicle over which the purchaser senger vehicle, including HEVs and can exercise no choice. ZEVs, of the 2008 or later model year Static loaded radius arc means a por- certified to comply with the Tier 2 FTP tion of a circle whose center is the cen- exhaust standards contained in ter of a standard tire-rim combination § 86.1811–04 including the 0.07 g/mi fleet of an automobile and whose radius is average NOX standard. The term Tier 2 the distance from that center to the HLDT/MDPV also includes any heavy level surface on which the automobile light-duty truck or medium-duty pas- is standing, measured with the auto- senger vehicle, of any model year, mobile at curb weight, the wheel par- which is certified to Tier 2 FTP ex- allel to the vehicle’s longitudinal cen- haust standards for purposes of gener- terline, and the tire inflated to the ating or banking early NOX credits for manufacturer’s recommended pressure. averaging under Tier 2 requirements, Subconfiguration has the meaning or utilizing alternate phase-in sched- given in § 600.002–08 of this chapter. ules, as allowed in this subpart. Supplemental FTP (SFTP) means the Tier 2 LDV/LLDT means any light- additional test procedures designed to duty vehicle or light light-duty truck, measure emissions during aggressive including HEVs and ZEVs, of the 2004 and microtransient driving, as de- or later model year certified to comply scribed in § 86.159–00 over the US06 with the Tier 2 FTP exhaust standards cycle, and also the test procedure de- contained in § 86.1811–04 including the signed to measure urban driving emis- 0.07 g/mi fleet average NOX standard. sions while the vehicle’s air condi- The term Tier 2 LDV/LLDT also in- tioning system is operating, as de- cludes any light-duty vehicle or light scribed in § 86.160–00 over the SC03 light-duty truck, of any model year, cycle. which is certified to Tier 2 FTP ex- Tank fuel volume means the volume of haust standards for purposes of gener- fuel in the fuel tank(s), which is deter- ating or banking early NOX credits for mined by taking the manufacturer’s averaging under Tier 2 requirements, nominal fuel tank(s) capacity and mul- or utilizing alternate phase-in sched- tiplying by 0.40. The result is rounded ules as allowed in this subpart. to the nearest tenth of a U.S. gallon in Tier 2 standards means those FTP ex- accordance with the Rounding-Off haust emission standards including the Method specified in ASTM E29–93a, 0.07 g/mi full useful life fleet average NOX Standard Practice for Using Signifi- standard, applicable to new light-duty cant Digits in Test Data to Determine vehicles and light light-duty trucks Conformance with Specifications (in- that begin a phase-in in the 2004 model corporated by reference; see § 86.1) year, and those exhaust emission

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standards including the 0.07 g/mi full use- do not qualify as proven emission con- ful life fleet average NOX standard, appli- trol systems. cable to heavy light-duty trucks and Unscheduled maintenance means any medium-duty passenger vehicles that adjustment, repair, removal dis- begin a phase-in in the 2008 model year. assembly, cleaning, or replacement of These standards are found in § 86.1811–04 vehicle components or systems which of this subpart. is performed to correct a part failure or Tier 2 vehicle means any vehicle cer- vehicle (if the engine were installed in tified to comply with the Tier 2 FTP a vehicle) malfunction which was not exhaust standards contained in anticipated. § 86.1811–04 including the 0.07 g/mi fleet US06 means the test cycle, described average NOX standard. in § 86.159–00 and listed in appendix I, Total hydrocarbon equivalent means paragraph (g), of this part, which is de- the sum of the carbon mass emissions signed to evaluate emissions during ag- of non-oxygenated hydrocarbons, meth- gressive and microtransient driving. anol, formaldehyde or other organic Useful life means the period of use or compounds that are separately meas- time during which an emission stand- ured, expressed as gasoline-fueled vehi- ard applies to light-duty vehicles and cle hydrocarbons. In the case of ex- light-duty trucks, as described in haust emissions, the hydrogen-to-car- § 86.1805–01. bon ratio of the equivalent hydro- means a light-duty truck or carbon is 1.85:1. In the case of diurnal complete heavy-duty vehicle having an and hot soak emissions, the hydrogen- integral enclosure, fully enclosing the to-carbon ratios of the equivalent hy- driver compartment and load carrying drocarbons are 2.33:1 and 2.2:1, respec- device, and having no body sections tively. protruding more than 30 inches ahead Track width is the lateral distance be- of the leading edge of the windshield. tween the centerlines of the base tires Vehicle configuration means a unique at ground, including the camber angle. combination of basic engine, engine Trading means the exchange of com- code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle ratio. plete heavy-duty vehicle NOX emission credits between manufacturers. Wheelbase is the longitudinal dis- Transmission class has the meaning tance between front and rear wheel given in § 600.002–08 of this chapter. centerlines. Transmission configuration has the Zero (0) miles means that point after meaning given in § 600.002–08 of this initial engine starting (not to exceed chapter. 100 miles of vehicle operation, or three U.S. heavy-duty vehicle sales means hours of engine operation) at which sales of heavy-duty vehicles subject to normal assembly line operations and the standards of this subpart, where adjustments are completed, and includ- the sale takes place in any state of the ing emission testing, if performed. United States except for California (or [64 FR 23925, May 4, 1999, as amended at 65 a state that has adopted California FR 6851, Feb. 10, 2000; 65 FR 59964, Oct. 6, 2000; motor vehicle standards for that model 66 FR 5189, Jan. 18, 2001; 71 FR 2829, Jan. 17, year pursuant to section 177 of the 2006; 72 FR 8561, Feb. 26, 2007; 75 FR 25683, Clean Air Act). May 7, 2010] U.S. sales means, unless otherwise § 86.1804–01 Acronyms and abbrevia- specified, sales in any state of the tions. United States except for California or a state that has adopted California The following abbreviations apply to motor vehicle standards for that model this subpart: year pursuant to section 177 of the A/C—Air conditioning. Clean Air Act. This definition applies AECD—Auxiliary emission control device. only to those regulatory requirements A/F—Air/Fuel addressing Tier 2 and interim non-Tier ALVW—Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight. API—American Petroleum Institute. 2 vehicles. ASTM—American Society for Testing and Unproven emission control systems are Materials. emission control components or sys- BAT—Bench-Aging Time tems (and fuel metering systems) that C—Celsius.

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