DOCSLIB.ORG

Shark Bibliography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shark Bibliography SEAWEEK 2005: SAVE OUR SHARKS A selection of published journal articles and books focusing primarily on Australian shark species CONTENTS General Shark References p1 The diversity and biology of sharks and rays p3 Role of sharks in the ecosystem p8 The vulnerability of particular shark species, focusing primarily on critical habitat areas, current threats and status: Great white p9 Grey nurse p10 Whale shark p11 Safe swimming and diving guidelines p12 The cultural significance of sharks to indigenous peoples p12 Shark fisheries (including selected reports) p13 GENERAL SHARK REFERENCES Bright, M. (2002). Sharks. The Natural History Museum, London. 112 pp. Cavanagh, R.D., Kyne, P.M., Fowler, S.L. and Bennett, M.B. (2003). The conservation status of Australasian Chondrichthyans, Report of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group Australia and Oceania Regional Red List Workshop. Queensland, Australia, 7–9 March 2003. IUCN Shark Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Compagno, L.J.V., (1984). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fisheries Symposium, (125) Vol. 4, Part 1. 249 p. Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fisheries Symposium, (125) Vol. 4, Part 2. p. 251–655. Compagno, L.J.V. (2001). Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Volume 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 1, Vol. 2. Rome, FAO. 269 pp. Castro, J.I., Christa, M., Woodley, C.M. and Brudek, R.L. (eds.). (1999). A Preliminary Evaluation of the Status of Shark Species. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 380. Rome, FOA. Daley, R.K., Stevens, J.D., Last, P.R. and Yearsley, G.K. (2002). Field guide to Australian sharks and rays. CSIRO publishing. 84 pp. Fowler, S.L., Reed, T.M. and Dipper, F.A. (eds.). (2002). Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management. Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997. Occasional Paper of the Species Survival Commission No. 25. 258 pp. 1 Fowler, S.L., Camhi, M., Burgess, G.H., Cailliet, G.M., Fordham, S.V, Cavanagh, R.D., Simpfendorfer, C.A. and Musick, J.A. (in press 2004). Sharks, rays and chimaeras: the status of the chondrichthyan fishes. IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Krogh, M. (1994). Spatial, seasonal and biological analysis of sharks caught in the New South Wales protective beach meshing program. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45: 1087–1106. Lack, Mary and the Shark Advisory Group (2004). National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (Shark-plan), Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. http://www.daff.gov.au/sharkplan Last, P.R. and Stevens, J.D. (1994). Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO. Australia, 513 pp. McAuley, R., Newbound, D. and Ashworth, R. (2002). Field identification guide to Western Australian sharks and shark-like rays. Department of Fisheries, Perth, Western Australia. Fisheries Occasional Publications No. 1, July 2002. Musick. J.A. and Bonfil, R. (eds.). (2003). Elasmobranch Fisheries Management Techniques. Joint publication between the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), International Union for the Protection of Nature (IUCN), and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS). http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/organizations/ssg/EFMT2004.htm Rose, Cassandra and the Shark Advisory Group (2001). Australian Shark Assessment Report for the Australian National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks, Commonwealth Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry - Australia. http://www.daff.gov.au/sharkplan Stevens, J.D. (1999). Sharks: An illustrated encyclopedic survey by international experts. 2nd Edition. Weldon-Owen: Golden Press. Stevens, J.D. and Last, P.R. (1998). Sharks, rays and chimaeras, pp. 60–69. In: Encyclopedia of fishes. 2nd Edition. Paxton J.R. and Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Taylor, V., Taylor, R. and Goadby, P. (1978). Great Shark Stories. New York: Harper and Row. Tricas, T.C., Deacon, K., Last, P., McCosker, J.E., Walker, T.I. and Taylor, L. (1997). Sharks and Rays, 288 pp. Nature Company, Time Life, Reader’s Digest, and Australian Geographic: San Francisco and Sydney (Published in English, Spanish, French and Japanese). Walker, T.I. (Consultant Editor) (2002). Pocketpeadia: Home Reference Library Sharks. Fog City Press: San Francisco, 320 pp. 2 THE DIVERSITY AND BIOLOGY OF SHARKS AND RAYS Braccini, J.M. and Chiaramonte, G.E. (2002). Reproductive biology of Psammobatis extenta. Journal of Fish Biology 61: 272–288. Braccini, J.M. and Chiaramonte, G.E. (2002). Intraspecific variation in the external morphology of the sandskate. Journal of Fish Biology 61: 959–972. Bruce, B.D. (1992). Preliminary observations on the biology of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, in South Australian waters. In: Sharks: Biology and Fisheries. J.G. Pepperell (ed.). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43: 1–11. Chidlow, J.A. (2003). The biology of wobbegong sharks (Family: Orectolobidae) from southwestern Australian waters. Unpublished Master of Science Thesis, James Cook University, QLD. Compagno, L.J.V.C. and Stevens, J.D. (1993). Galeus gracilis, n. sp., a new sawtail catshark from Australia, with comments on the systematics of the genus Galeus Rafinesque, 1810 (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae). Records of the Australian Museum 45: 171–194. Daley, R.K., Stevens, J.D., Last, P.R. and Yearsley, G.K. (2002). Field Guide to Australian Sharks and Rays. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 84 pp. Davenport, S.R. and Stevens, J.D. (1988). Age and growth of two commercially important sharks (Carcharhinus tilstoni and C. sorrah) from northern Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39: 417–433. Francis, M.P. and Stevens, J.D. (1999). Reproduction, embryonic development, and growth of the porbeagle shark, Lamna nasus, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Fisheries Bulletin 98: 41–63. Francis, M.P., Stevens, J.D. and Last, P.R. (1988). New records of Somniosus (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae) from Australasia, with comments on the taxonomy of the genus. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 22: 401–409. Gordon, I. (1989). Feeding biology of grey nurse sharks, (Eugomphodus taurus) (Re classified to Carcharias taurus) in captivity. Abstract printed AES, June 1989, San Francisco. Gordon, I. (1993). Pre-copulatory behaviour of captive sandtiger sharks, Carcharias taurus. In: J.P., Wourms and Demski, L.S. The reproduction and development of sharks, skates, rays and ratfishes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 38: 159–164. Gunn, J.S., Stevens, J.D., Davis, T.L.O. and Norman, B.M. (1999). Observations on the short-term movements and behaviour of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Marine Biology 135: 553–559. 3 Heupel, M.R. and Bennett, M.B. (1998). Observations on the diet and feeding habits of the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum (Bonnaterre), on Heron Island Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 49: 753–756. Heupel, M.R. and Simpfendorfer, C.A. (2002). Estimation of survival and mortality of juvenile blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, within a nursery area based on telemetry data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59: 624–632. Heupel, M.R., Simpfendorfer, C.A. and Bennett, M.B. (1999). Skeletal deformities in elasmobranchs from Australian waters. Journal of Fish Biology 54: 1111–1115. Heupel, M.R., Simpfendorfer, C.A. and Hueter, R.E. (2003). Running before the storm: sharks respond to falling barometric pressure associated with Tropical Storm Gabrielle. Journal of Fish Biology 63: 1357–1363. Human, B.A. (2003). Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of some Southern African catsharks (Family Scyliorhinidae; Chondrichthyes). PhD Thesis. Dept Clinical Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. xii, 215 pp + appendices. Kyne, P.M. and Bennett, M.B. (2002). Reproductive biology of the eastern shovelnose ray, Aptychotrema rostrata (Shaw and Nodder, 1794) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 53: 583–589. Kyne, P.M. and Bennett, M.B. (2002). Diet of the eastern shovelnose ray, Aptychotrema rostrata (Shaw and Nodder, 1794) from Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 53: 679–686. Lenanton, R.C.J., Heald, D.I., Platell, M., Cliff, G.M. and Shaw, J.L. (1990). Aspects of the reproductive biology of the gummy shark Mustelus antarcticus Gunther, from the waters off the south coast of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 41: 807–822. McAuley, R., Newbound, D. and Ashworth, R. (2002). Field identification guide to Western Australian sharks and shark-like rays. Fisheries Occasional Publications No. 1, July 2002. Department of Fisheries, Perth, Western Australia, 25 pp. Mollet, H.F., Cliff, G., Pratt, H.L. and Stevens, J.D. (2000). Reproductive biology of the female shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810. Fisheries Bulletin 98: 299–318. Moulton, P.M., Walker, T.I. and Saddlier, S.R. (1992). Age and growth studies of gummy shark, Mustelus antarcticus (Günther), and school shark, Galeorhinus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recreational Harvest of Sharks and Rays in Western Australia Is Only a Minor Component of the Total Harvest
    Recreational Harvest of Sharks and Rays in Western Australia is only a Minor Component of the Total Harvest Matias Braccini ( [email protected] ) Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Eva Lai Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Karina Ryan Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Stephen Taylor Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Research Article Keywords: elasmobranch, conservation, management, sheries, catch reconstruction Posted Date: February 23rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-225321/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/20 Abstract Sharks and rays are of global conservation concern with an increasing number of species at risk of extinction, mostly attributed to overshing by commercial shing. Their recreational harvest is poorly known but it can be of similar magnitude to the commercial harvest in some regions. We quantied the recreational harvest of sharks and rays in Western Australia, a region with a marine coastline of > 20,000 km. We recorded 33 species/taxonomic groups but the harvest was dominated by dusky and bronze whalers, blacktip reef shark, gummy shark, Port Jackson shark, wobbegongs, and rays and skates. Most species caught were released (85% of all individuals), although gummy and whiskery sharks were typically retained. There was a clear latitudinal gradient of species composition with tropical and subtropical species of the genus Carcharhinus dominating in the north and temperate species of the families Triakidae, Carcharhinidae, Heterodontidae and Rajidae dominating in the south. The recreational harvest was negligible compared with commercial landings.
    [Show full text]
  • Catch Composition of the Western Australian Temperate Demersal Gillnet and Demersal Longline Fisheries, 1994 to 1999
    FISHERIES RESEARCH REPORT NO. 146, 2003 Catch composition of the Western Australian temperate demersal gillnet and demersal longline fisheries, 1994 to 1999 R. McAuley and C. Simpfendorfer Fisheries Research Division WA Marine Research Laboratories PO Box 20 NORTH BEACH Western Australia 6920 Fisheries Research Report Titles in the fisheries research series contain technical and scientific information that represents an important contribution to existing knowledge, but which may not be suitable for publication in national or international scientific journals. Fisheries Research Reports may be cited as full publications. The full citation is: McAuley, R. and Simpfendorfer C. 2003. Catch composition of the Western Australian temperate demersal gillnet and demersal longline fisheries, 1994 to 1999, Fisheries Research Report No. 146, Department of Fisheries, Western Australia, 78 pp. Numbers 1-80 in this series were issued as Reports. Numbers 81-82 were issued as Fisheries Reports, and from number 83 the series has been issued under the current title. Enquiries Department of Fisheries 3rd floor The Atrium 168-170 St George’s Terrace PERTH WA 6000 Telephone (08) 9482 7333 Facsimile (08) 9482 7389 Website: http://www.fish.wa.gov.au/res Published by Department of Fisheries, Perth, Western Australia. November 2003. ISSN: 1035 - 4549 ISBN: 1 877098 36 1 An electronic copy of this report will be available at the above website where parts may be shown in colour where this is thought to improve clarity. Fisheries Research in Western Australia The Fisheries Research Division of the Department of Fisheries is based at the Western Australian Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach (Perth), Western Australia, 6920.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo Cuvier) on the East Coast of Australia
    The biology and ecology of the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) on the east coast of Australia. Bonnie Jane Holmes BSc (Hons) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2015 School of Biological Sciences ABSTRACT The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) (Péron and Lesueur 1822) is the largest of the carcharhinids, with a circumglobal distribution in both tropical and warm temperate coastal and pelagic waters. In the western Pacific, G. cuvier movements are wide-ranging, encompassing the east coast of Australia and south Pacific Islands. Throughout the region, G. cuvier is exposed to a range of commercial, recreational, artisanal and illegal foreign fishery impacts, as both a target and by-product species. Listed as ‘near threatened’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, suitable long term species-specific catch, catch rate and biological data are seldom available for large shark species like G. cuvier, particularly where historical commercial fishery logbook reporting has been poor. Shark control programs targeting large sharks along Australia’s east coast have been in operation for over 60 years, using relatively standardised fishing gear in nearshore waters all year round, with historical catch and effort data recorded by shark contractors. Historical catch, catch rate and biological data collected through the Queensland Shark Control Program (QSCP) since 1993 were investigated, which revealed significant declines (p < 0.05) in catch rates of G. cuvier at some tropical and all sub-tropical locations along the Queensland coast. Significant temporal declines in the average size of G. cuvier also occurred at four of the nine locations analysed (p < 0.05), which could be indicative of fishing reducing abundance in these areas.
    [Show full text]
  • SYNOPSIS of BIOLOGICAL DATA on the SCHOOL SHARK Galeorhinus Australis (Macleay 1881)
    FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 139 FHVS139 (Distribution restricted) SAST - School shark - 1,O8(O4)O1LO S:OPSIS 0F BIOLOGICAL EATA )N THE SCHOOL SHARK Galeorhinus australis (Macleay 1881]) F 'O FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF E UNITED NATIONS FAO Fisheries Synopsis No. 139 FIR/S139 (Distributíon restricted) SAST - School shark - 1,08(04)011,04 SYNOPSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE SCHOOL SHARK Galeorhinus australis (Macleay 1881) Prepared by A.M. Olsen* 11 Orchard Grove Newton, S.A. 5074 Australia FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome 1984 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization oftheUnited Nationsconcerning thelegal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-43 ISBN 92-5-1 02085-X Allrightsreserved. No part ofthispublicationmay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,mechanical, photocopyingor otherwise, withouttheprior permíssion of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. © FAO 1984 FIR/5l39 School shark PREPARATION OF THIS SYNOPSIS The authors original studies on school shark were carried out while being a Senior Research Scientist with the CSIRO, Division of Fisheries and Oceanography, Cronulla, New South Wales, and continued during his service as Director of the Department of Fisheries and Fauna Conservation, South Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Observer-Based Study of Targeted Commercial Fishing for Large Shark Species in Waters Off Northern New South Wales
    Observer-based study of targeted commercial fishing for large shark species in waters off northern New South Wales William G. Macbeth, Pascal T. Geraghty, Victor M. Peddemors and Charles A. Gray Industry & Investment NSW Cronulla Fisheries Research Centre of Excellence P.O. Box 21, Cronulla, NSW 2230, Australia Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority Project No. IS8-9-M-2 November 2009 Industry & Investment NSW – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 114 ISSN 1837-2112 Observer-based study of targeted commercial fishing for large shark species in waters off northern New South Wales November 2009 Authors: Macbeth, W.G., Geraghty, P.T., Peddemors, V.M. and Gray, C.A. Published By: Industry & Investment NSW (now incorporating NSW Department of Primary Industries) Postal Address: Cronulla Fisheries Research Centre of Excellence, PO Box 21, Cronulla, NSW, 2230 Internet: www.industry.nsw.gov.au © Department of Industry and Investment (Industry & Investment NSW) and the Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this reproduction may be reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright owners. Neither may information be stored electronically in any form whatsoever without such permission. DISCLAIMER The publishers do not warrant that the information in this report is free from errors or omissions. The publishers do not accept any form of liability, be it contractual, tortuous or otherwise, for the contents of this report for any consequences arising from its use or any reliance placed on it. The information, opinions and advice contained in this report may not relate to, or be relevant to, a reader’s particular circumstance.
    [Show full text]
  • Coelho Phd Lantern S
    UNIVERSIDADEdo ALGARVE FaculdadedeCiênciasdoMaredo Ambiente Biology,populationdynamics,managementandconservation ofdeepwaterlanternsharks,Etmopterusspinax and Etmopteruspusillus (Chondrichthyes:Etmopteridae)insouthernPortugal(northeastAtlantic). (DoutoramentoemCiênciaseTecnologiasdasPescas,especialidadedeBiologiaPesqueira) (ThesisforthedegreeinDoctorofPhilosophyinFisheriesSciencesandTechnologies,specialtyinFisheriesBiology) RUIPEDROANDRADECOELHO Faro (2007) UNIVERSIDADE DO ALGARVE FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS DO MAR E DO AMBIENTE Biology, population dynamics, management and conservation of deep water lantern sharks, Etmopterus spinax and Etmopterus pusillus (Chondrichthyes: Etmopteridae) in southern Portugal (northeast Atlantic). (Doutoramento em Ciências e Tecnologias das Pescas, especialidade de Biologia Pesqueira) (Thesis for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy in Fisheries Sciences and Technologies, specialty in Fisheries Biology) RUI PEDRO ANDRADE COELHO Orientador / Supervisor: Prof. Doutor Karim Erzini Júri / Jury: - Prof. Doutor José Pedro Andrade, Professor Catedrático da Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve; - Prof. Doutor Karim Erzini, Professor Associado com Agregação da Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve; - Prof. Doutor Leonel Paulo Sul de Serrano Gordo, Professor Auxiliar com Agregação da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa; - Prof. Doutor Manuel Seixas Afonso Dias, Professor Auxiliar da Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve;
    [Show full text]
  • Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
    The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Tiger Shark (Galeocerdo Cuvier) Abundance and Growth in a Subtropical Embayment: Evidence from 7 Years of Standardized fishing Effort
    Marine Biology (2006) 149: 961–968 DOI 10.1007/s00227-006-0278-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Aaron J. Wirsing Æ Michael R. Heithaus Lawrence M. Dill Tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) abundance and growth in a subtropical embayment: evidence from 7 years of standardized fishing effort Received: 9 June 2005 / Accepted: 23 January 2006 / Published online: 25 February 2006 Ó Springer-Verlag 2006 Abstract The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier Peron and from other regions, but exceeded those for populations Lesueur 1822) is a widely distributed predator with a elsewhere for sharks >275 cm fork length (FL), perhaps broad diet and the potential to affect marine community because mature sharks in the study area rely heavily on structure, yet information on local patterns of abun- large prey. The data suggest that (1) the threat of dance for this species is lacking. Tiger shark catch data predation faced by animals consumed by tiger sharks were gathered over 7 years of tag and release research fluctuates dramatically within and between years, and fishing (1991–2000, 2002–2004) in Shark Bay, Western (2) efforts to monitor large shark abundance should be Australia (25°45¢S, 113°44¢E). Sharks were caught using extensive enough to detect inter-annual variation and drumlines deployed in six permanent zones (3km2 in sufficiently intensive to account for intra-annual trends. area). Fishing effort was standardized across days and months, and catch rates on hooks were expressed as the number of sharks caught hÀ1. A total of 449 individual tiger sharks was captured; 29 were recaptured. Tiger Introduction shark catch rate showed seasonal periodicity, being higher during the warm season (Sep–May) than during The tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, is a large carcharhinid the cold season (Jun–Aug), and was marked by inter- that often is an apex predator in marine ecosystems annual variability.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Collapse of Shark Populations in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico Real
    perspective conservation Is the collapse of shark populations in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico real? ABSTRACT Increasing fishing pressure on sharks stocks over recent decades has resulted in declines of many populations and led to increasing concerns for their conservation. The extent of these declines, however, has been highly variable—the result of the level of fishing, ocean condi- tions, and the life history of individual species. Two recent articles have described the collapse and possible extirpation of shark populations in the northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Herein, we examine the results of these two papers commenting on the data sets used, comparing them to other available data sets, and critically evaluating the analyses and conclusions. We argue that these conclusions have been overstated because: (1) the analyses were based on a limited number of data sets, (2) the data sets themselves are inadequate to describe the status of all shark populations in the northwest Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico reported in these studies, (3) available data sets that could produce different conclu- sions were not utilized, (4) some factors were not taken into account that could have biased the results, (5) there were no alternate hypotheses presented evaluating other causes of the perceived decline, and (6) the authors did not consider any current stock assessments, which in several cases report the status of sharks to be considerably healthier than asserted. Introduction George H. Burgess Sharks are generally regarded to exhibit slow growth, late Lawrence R. Beerkircher maturity, and low reproductive output, making them particularly Gregor M.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMERCIAL FISHING for SHARKS Rates If Overfi Shed
    Commercial fi shing for sharks By Kevin McLoughlin Shark gillnet vessel at the wharf in Darwin (© Kevin McLoughlin) in sharks having low resilience to fi shing and slow recovery COMMERCIAL FISHING FOR SHARKS rates if overfi shed. This means that sharks need careful management if shark fi sheries are to be sustainable. Many by Kevin McLoughlin shark fi sheries throughout the world have brought about rapid stock declines and collapse. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Fisheries and Marine Sciences Program, GPO Box 858, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia What fi shing methods are used to Background catch sharks Sharks have been fi shed for thousands of years. In primitive Gillnets are the most common fi shing gear used in fi sheries that societies, they were caught with wooden or bone hooks for are targeting sharks (fi gures 1–4). Gillnets consist of a panel their meat and livers. Their teeth could be used as weapons or panels of net held vertically in the water column, either or tools. Over time, uses have been found for most parts of suspended near the surface or near the ocean fl oor. The mesh a shark’s body. The skin can be used for leather for shoes or size used depends on the species being fi shed. Small fi nfi sh belts, jaws are taken as souvenirs, the fl esh is eaten, the carcass and sharks are able to pass through the meshes. The meshes are can be used for fertilizers, the fi ns in soup and liver oil is a designed to entrap the fi sh around the torso.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Sharks and Rays
    NSW DPI Identifying sharks and rays A guide for NSW commercial fishers Important If a shark or ray cannot be confidently identified using this guide, it is recommended that either digital images are obtained or the specimen is preserved. Please contact NSW DPI research staff for assistance: phone 1300 550 474 or email [email protected] Contents Introduction 4 How to use this guide 5 Glossary 6-7 Key 1 Whaler sharks and other sharks of similar appearance 8-9 to whalers – upper precaudal pit present Key 2 Sharks of similar appearance to whaler sharks – no 10 precaudal pit Key 3 Mackerel (great white and mako), hammerhead and 11 thresher sharks Key 4 Wobbegongs and some other patterned 12 bottom-dwelling sharks Key 5 Sawsharks and other long-snouted sharks and rays 13 2 Sandbar shark 14 Great white shark 42 Bignose shark 15 Porbeagle 43 Dusky whaler 16 Shortfin mako 44 Silky shark 17 Longfin mako 45 Oceanic whitetip shark 18 Thresher shark 46 Tiger shark 19 Pelagic thresher 47 Common blacktip shark 20 Bigeye thresher 48 Spinner shark 21 Great hammerhead 49 Blue shark 22 Scalloped hammerhead 50 Sliteye shark 23 Smooth hammerhead 51 Bull shark 24 Eastern angelshark 52 Bronze whaler 25 Australian angelshark 53 Weasel shark 26 Banded wobbegong 54 Lemon shark 27 Ornate wobbegong 55 Grey nurse shark 28 Spotted wobbegong 56 Sandtiger (Herbst’s nurse) shark 29 Draughtboard shark 57 Bluntnose sixgill shark 30 Saddled swellshark 58 Bigeye sixgill shark 31 Whitefin swellshark 59 Broadnose shark 32 Port Jackson shark 60 Sharpnose sevengill
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the 1996 Assessment of School Shark in the Southern Shark Fishery
    A Review of the 1996 Assessment of School Shark in the Southern Shark Fishery Richard Deriso Scripps Institute of Oceanography La Jolla, CA 92093 USA FISHERIES RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Project No. 96/129 NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY: PRO--FORMA 96/129 Review of the 1996 Stock Assessment of School Shark in the Southern Shark Fishery PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr Richard Deriso ADDRESS: Scripps Institute of Oceanography La Jolla CA 92093 USA Fax: 619 792 5003 OBJECTIVES: l. To ensure that best available scientific advice is available for management decisions and that industry has confidence in the outcome of the stock assessment. 2. To review estimates of abundance and basic biological parameters used in assessing school shark stock status. 3. To reviev.r statistical and modelling methods used in the school shark stock assessment. 4. To improve industry understanding of the stock assessment process and acceptance of the results. NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY: At the request of AFMA and for the benefit of the Southern Shark Fishery Management Advisory Committee (SharkMAC), I reviewed the 1996 stock assessment of school shark. My evaluation is that the school shark assessment is probably the most comprehensive of any shark population in the world. In carrying out my review I spent time talking with AFMA management, fishing industry representatives and with the fisheries scientists involved in the assessment. My review supports the general conclusion of the Southern Shark Fishery Assessment Group (SharkFAG) that the current biomass of the school shark resource is likely to be well below the unfished (virgin) biomass level . However, I would assign a greater degree of uncertainty to the estimate of the current biomass presented by SharkFAG.
    [Show full text]