DOCSLIB.ORG

Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 204/Wednesday, October 21, 2020

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 204/Wednesday, October 21, 2020 66906 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 204 / Wednesday, October 21, 2020 / Proposed Rules employing a resolution bandwidth of 1 to operate under a higher PFD at their (c) Eligibility for rural service provider megahertz or greater. However, in the 1 common boundary. bidding credit. A rural service provider, megahertz bands immediately outside ■ 18. Amend § 27.57 by revising as defined in § 1.2110(f)(4)(i) of this and adjacent to the licensee’s frequency paragraph (c) to read as follows: chapter, that has not claimed a small block, a resolution bandwidth of at least business bidding credit may use the § 27.57 International coordination. one percent of the emission bandwidth bidding credit of 15 percent specified in of the fundamental emission of the * * * * * § 1.2110(f)(4) of this chapter. transmitter may be employed. The (c) Operation in the 1695–1710 MHz, emission bandwidth is defined as the 1710–1755 MHz, 1755–1780 MHz, § 27.1602 Permanent discontinuance of width of the signal between two points, 1915–1920 MHz, 1995–2000 MHz, 3450–3550 MHz licenses. one below the carrier center frequency 2000–2020 MHz, 2110–2155 MHz, A 3450–3550 MHz band licensee that and one above the carrier center 2155–2180 MHz, 2180–2200 MHz, permanently discontinues service as frequency, outside of which all 3450–3550 MHz, and 3700–3980 MHz defined in § 1.953 must notify the emissions are attenuated at least 26 dB bands is subject to international Commission of the discontinuance below the transmitter power. agreements with Mexico and Canada. within 10 days by filing FCC Form 601 ■ Notwithstanding the channel edge 19. Add new Subpart Q to read as requesting license cancellation. An requirement of ¥13 dBm per megahertz, follows: authorization will automatically terminate, without specific Commission for base station operations in the 3450– Subpart Q—3450–3550 MHz Band 3550 MHz band beyond the two edges action, if service is permanently of the band, the conducted power of any Sec. discontinued as defined in § 1.953, even emission shall not exceed ¥25 dBm/ 27.1600 3450–3550 MHz band subject to if a licensee fails to file the required MHz within a 20 megahertz offset from competitive bidding. form requesting license cancellation. 27.1601 Designated entities in the 3450– the top and bottom edges of the band, [FR Doc. 2020–22529 Filed 10–19–20; 4:15 pm] and shall not exceed ¥40 dBm/MHz 3550 MHz band. 27.1602 Permanent discontinuance of BILLING CODE 6712–01–P beyond that 20 megahertz offset. service in the 3450–3550 MHz band. (2) For mobile operations in the 3450– 3550 MHz band, the conducted power § 27.1600 3450–3550 MHz band subject to DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR of any emission outside the licensee’s competitive bidding. authorized bandwidth shall not exceed Mutually exclusive initial Fish and Wildlife Service ¥13 dBm/MHz. Compliance with this applications for 3450–3550 MHz band paragraph (o)(2) is based on the use of licenses are subject to competitive 50 CFR Part 17 measurement instrumentation bidding. The general competitive employing a resolution bandwidth of 1 bidding procedures set forth in 47 CFR [Docket No. FWS–R4–ES–2019–0070; megahertz or greater. However, in the 1 part 1, subpart Q of this chapter will FXES11130900000C2–189–FF09E42000] megahertz bands immediately outside apply unless otherwise provided in this RIN 1018–BD01 and adjacent to the licensee’s frequency subpart. block, the minimum resolution Endangered and Threatened Wildlife bandwidth for the measurement shall be § 27.1601 Designated entities in the 3450– and Plants; Reclassification of Eugenia either one percent of the emission 3550 MHz band. woodburyana as Threatened and bandwidth of the fundamental emission (a) Definitions. (1) Small business. A Section 4(d) Rule of the transmitter or 350 kHz. In the small business is an entity that, together bands between 1 and 5 MHz removed with its affiliates, its controlling AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, from the licensee’s frequency block, the interests, and the affiliates of its Interior. minimum resolution bandwidth for the controlling interests, has average gross ACTION: Proposed rule. measurement shall be 500 kHz. The revenues not exceeding $55 million for emission bandwidth is defined as the the preceding five (5) years. SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and width of the signal between two points, (2) Very small business. A very small Wildlife Service (Service or USFWS), one below the carrier center frequency business is an entity that, together with propose to reclassify the plant Eugenia and one above the carrier center its affiliates, its controlling interests, woodburyana (no common name) from frequency, outside of which all and the affiliates of its controlling an endangered species to a threatened emissions are attenuated at least 26 dB interests, has average gross revenues not species under the Endangered Species below the transmitter power. exceeding $20 million for the preceding Act of 1973, as amended (Act), due to ■ 17. Amend § 27.55 by adding five (5) years. improvements in the species’ status paragraph (e) to read as follows: (b) Bidding credits. A winning bidder since the original listing in 1994. This that qualifies as a small business, as proposed action is based on a thorough § 27.55 Power strength limits. defined in this section, or a consortium review of the best available scientific * * * * * of small businesses may use the bidding and commercial information, which (e) Power flux density for stations credit of 15 percent, as specified in indicates that E. woodburyana is not operating in the 3450–3550 MHz band. § 1.2110(f)(2)(i)(C) of this chapter, currently in danger of extinction For base and fixed stations operation in subject to the cap specified in throughout all or a significant portion of the 3450–3550 MHz band in accordance § 1.2110(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter. A its range, but it is likely to become so with the provisions of § 27.50(j), the winning bidder that qualifies as a very within the foreseeable future. If this power flux density (PFD) at any location small business, as defined in this proposal is finalized, E. woodburyana on the geographical border of a section, or a consortium of very small would remain protected as a threatened licensee’s service area shall not exceed businesses may use the bidding credit of species under the Act. We seek ¥76 dBm/m2/MHz. This power flux 25 percent, as specified in information, data, and comments from density will be measured at 1.5 meters § 1.2110(f)(2)(i)(B) of this chapter, the public on this proposal. We also above ground. Licensees in adjacent subject to the cap specified in propose to establish a rule under section geographic areas may voluntarily agree § 1.2110(f)(2)(ii) of this chapter. 4(d) of the Act that will provide VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:32 Oct 20, 2020 Jkt 253001 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP1.SGM 21OCP1 khammond on DSKJM1Z7X2PROD with PROPOSALS Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 204 / Wednesday, October 21, 2020 / Proposed Rules 66907 measures that are necessary and Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and where threats due to habitat advisable for conservation of the E. and Plants. To list, reclassify, or delist modification have been reduced. woodburyana. a species, we must issue a rule in the Recovery actions (e.g., propagation and DATES: We will accept comments Federal Register. This rule proposes to planting, habitat enhancement with received or postmarked on or before reclassify the E. woodburyana from native tree species, cattle exclusion, December 21, 2020. We must receive endangered to threatened on the List. firebreaks) to control and reduce requests for public hearings in writing, What this document does. We remaining threats have been at the address shown in FOR FURTHER propose to reclassify the plant Eugenia successfully implemented in INFORMATION CONTACT by December 7, woodburyana as threatened on the collaboration with several partners. 2020. Federal List of Endangered and Our review of the best available Threatened Plants and to establish scientific and commercial information ADDRESSES: You may submit comments provisions under section 4(d) of the Act indicates that some threats to Eugenia on this proposed rule by one of the to ensure the continued conservation of woodburyana still remain while others following methods: this species. have been reduced or no longer occur. Electronically: Go to the Federal The basis for our action. Under the Remaining threats that will make this eRulemaking Portal: http:// Act, we may determine that a species is species likely to become endangered in www.regulations.gov. In the Search box, an endangered or threatened species the foreseeable future include habitat enter the Docket Number for this based on any one or a combination of loss, degradation, and fragmentation, proposed rule, which is FWS–R4–ES– five factors: (A) The present or and other natural or manmade factors 2019–0070. Then, in the Search panel threatened destruction, modification, or such as human-induced fires and on the left side of the screen, under the curtailment of its habitat or range; (B) landslides. For example, in May 2019, a Document Type heading, click on the overutilization for commercial, large wildfire affected the upper Proposed Rules link to locate this recreational, scientific, or educational forested hills of a private land in document. You may submit a comment purposes; (C) disease or predation; (D) conservation in Sierra Bermeja by clicking on ‘‘Comment Now!’’ Please the inadequacy of existing regulatory (southwest Puerto Rico), affecting an ensure that you have found the correct mechanisms; or (E) other natural or undetermined number of individuals of rulemaking before submitting your manmade factors affecting its continued E.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Reporton the Rare Plants of Puerto Rico
    REPORTON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO tii:>. CENTER FOR PLANT CONSERVATION ~ Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis, Missouri July 15, l' 992 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Center for Plant Conservation would like to acknowledge the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the W. Alton Jones Foundation for their generous support of the Center's work in the priority region of Puerto Rico. We would also like to thank all the participants in the task force meetings, without whose information this report would not be possible. Cover: Zanthoxy7um thomasianum is known from several sites in Puerto Rico and the U.S . Virgin Islands. It is a small shrub (2-3 meters) that grows on the banks of cliffs. Threats to this taxon include development, seed consumption by insects, and road erosion. The seeds are difficult to germinate, but Fairchild Tropical Garden in Miami has plants growing as part of the Center for Plant Conservation's .National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Drawing taken from USFWS 1987 Draft Recovery Plan.) REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements A. Summary 8. All Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands Species of Conservation Concern Explanation of Attached Lists C. Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] species D. Blank Taxon Questionnaire E. Data Sources for Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [B] species F. Pue~to Rico\Virgin Islands Task Force Invitees G. Reviewers of Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] Species REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO SUMMARY The Center for Plant Conservation (Center) has held two meetings of the Puerto Rlco\Virgin Islands Task Force in Puerto Rico.
    [Show full text]
  • BIOLOGY and HOST SPECIFICITY of Tectococcus
    BIOLOGY AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF Tectococcus ovatus (HEMIPTERA: ERIOCOCCIDAE), A POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF THE INVASIVE STRAWBERRY GUAVA, Psidium cattleianum (MYRTACEAE), IN FLORIDA By FRANCIS JAMES WESSELS IV A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2005 Copyright 2005 by Frank J. Wessels This document is dedicated to my parents, for their support and generosity throughout my educational career. Without them, this work would not have been possible. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my major professor Dr. James P. Cuda for his invaluable guidance and help throughout my degree program. I also thank my other committee members, Dr. Kenneth A. Langeland and Dr. William A. Overholt, for their comments and suggestions on my research and this manuscript. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... viii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Puerto Rico Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy 2005
    Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico PUERTO RICO COMPREHENSIVE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION STRATEGY 2005 Miguel A. García José A. Cruz-Burgos Eduardo Ventosa-Febles Ricardo López-Ortiz ii Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy Puerto Rico ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Financial support for the completion of this initiative was provided to the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (DNER) by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Federal Assistance Office. Special thanks to Mr. Michael L. Piccirilli, Ms. Nicole Jiménez-Cooper, Ms. Emily Jo Williams, and Ms. Christine Willis from the USFWS, Region 4, for their support through the preparation of this document. Thanks to the colleagues that participated in the Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation Strategy (CWCS) Steering Committee: Mr. Ramón F. Martínez, Mr. José Berríos, Mrs. Aida Rosario, Mr. José Chabert, and Dr. Craig Lilyestrom for their collaboration in different aspects of this strategy. Other colleagues from DNER also contributed significantly to complete this document within the limited time schedule: Ms. María Camacho, Mr. Ramón L. Rivera, Ms. Griselle Rodríguez Ferrer, Mr. Alberto Puente, Mr. José Sustache, Ms. María M. Santiago, Mrs. María de Lourdes Olmeda, Mr. Gustavo Olivieri, Mrs. Vanessa Gautier, Ms. Hana Y. López-Torres, Mrs. Carmen Cardona, and Mr. Iván Llerandi-Román. Also, special thanks to Mr. Juan Luis Martínez from the University of Puerto Rico, for designing the cover of this document. A number of collaborators participated in earlier revisions of this CWCS: Mr. Fernando Nuñez-García, Mr. José Berríos, Dr. Craig Lilyestrom, Mr. Miguel Figuerola and Mr. Leopoldo Miranda. A special recognition goes to the authors and collaborators of the supporting documents, particularly, Regulation No.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Theecological Systemsof Puerto Rico
    United States Department of Agriculture Guide to the Forest Service Ecological Systems International Institute of Tropical Forestry of Puerto Rico General Technical Report IITF-GTR-35 June 2009 Gary L. Miller and Ariel E. Lugo The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Gary L. Miller is a professor, University of North Carolina, Environmental Studies, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804-3299.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitracarpus Maxwelliae Britton & P
    Mitracarpus maxwelliae / (no common name) Mitracarpus polycladus / (no common name) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation Mitracarpus maxwelliae Mitracarpus polycladus (Pacheco, FWS photos) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Caribbean Ecological Services Field Office Boquerón, Puerto Rico 5-YEAR REVIEW Mitracarpus maxwelliae (no common name) Mitracarpus polycladus (no common name) I. GENERAL INFORMATION A. Methodology used to complete the review: On September 27, 2006, the Service published a notice in the Federal Register (71 FR 56545) announcing the 5-year review of the plants Mitracarpus maxwelliae and Mitracarpus polycladus and requesting new information concerning the biology and status of these species. A 60 day public comment period was opened. No comment letters were received from the public. This 5-year review was prepared by the lead Service recovery biologist and summarizes information that the Service has gathered since both plants were listed on September 9, 1994 (59 FR 46715). The information on M. maxwelliae consists of the final rule listing the species under the Endangered Species Act (Act), the Recovery Plan, a Master Degree thesis conducted by Buitrago–Soto (2002) from the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, and field observations from State and Service biologists. The information on M. polycladus consists of the final rule listing the species under the Act, the Recovery Plan, and field reports from State and Service biologists. We also requested information and comments from botanical experts familiar with these species (see List of Peer Reviewers). No comments were received. B. Reviewers: Lead Region: Southeast Region, Kelly Bibb, (404) 679-7132 Lead Field Office: Caribbean Ecological Services Field Office, Boquerón, Puerto Rico.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of the Biological Control Agent Lophodiplosis Trifida Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) for the Control of Melaleuca Quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T
    Field Release of the United States Department of Biological Control Agent Agriculture Marketing and Lophodiplosis trifida Gagné Regulatory Programs (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) for Animal and Plant Health the Control of Melaleuca Inspection Service quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment April 15, 2008 Field Release of the Biological Control Agent Lophodiplosis trifida Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) for the Control of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) in the Continental United States Environmental Assessment April 15, 2008 Agency Contact: Robert S. Johnson, Branch Chief Permits, Registrations, Imports and Manuals Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Road, Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737–1236 The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326–W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250–9410 or call (202) 720–5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. This publication reports research involving pesticides. All uses of pesticides must be registered by appropriate State and/or Federal agencies before they can be recommended.
    [Show full text]
  • Eugenia Woodburyana / (No Common Name)
    Eugenia woodburyana (no common name) Photo by: Carlos Pacheco, USFWS, 2012 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Caribbean Ecological Services Field Office Boquerón, Puerto Rico 5-YEAR REVIEW Eugenia woodburyana/ (no common name) I. GENERAL INFORMATION A. Methodology used to complete the review: On September 21, 2007, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (hereafter the Service) published a notice in the Federal Register (72 FR 54061) announcing the 5-year review of the plant Eugenia woodburyana and requesting new information concerning the biology and status of this species. A 60-day comment period was opened, but no comments were received from the public. This 5-year review was prepared by the Service’s species recovery lead, and summarizes the information that has been gathered on Eugenia woodburyana since the plant was listed on September 9, 1994 (59 FR 46715). The sources of information used for this review include the original listing rule for the species, the recovery plan for the species, peer-reviewed literature, personal communications with qualified biologist and experts on the species, information provided by the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (PRDNER), unpublished reports from field visits and recovery activities conducted by Service biologists; and data gathered through the Cooperative Recovery Initiative (CRI) project conducted collaboratively by the Caribbean Ecological Services Field Office, the Caribbean National Wildlife Refuge System, and Envirosurvey, Inc. We did not seek additional peer review in this 5-year review since Service biologists Carlos Pacheco and Omar Monsegur, and the interviewed local botanist José Sustache (PRDNER) are considered the leading experts on this plant and other similar plants that share habitat with Eugenia woodburyana.
    [Show full text]
  • Secondary Subtropical Dry Forest at the La Tinaja Tract of the Cartagena Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico
    Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 39, No. 3, 273-285, 2003 Copyright 2003 College of Arts and Sciences University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ez Secondary Subtropical Dry Forest at the La Tinaja Tract of the Cartagena Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge, Puerto Rico PETER L. WEAVER1 AND J. DANILO CHINEA2 1International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, Rı´o Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928-5000 2Biology Department University of Puerto Rico, Mayagu¨ez, Puerto Rico 00681-9012 ABSTRACT.—A vegetation survey using 109 circular plots (3.4% sample) of the recently acquired 110-ha La Tinaja tract in the Cartagena Lagoon Wildlife Refuge disclosed 103 dicotyledonous tree species. Another 58 tree species were tallied within the tract but outside of the plots. The cactus, Pilosocereus royenii (L.) Byles & Rowley, occurring on 44% of the plots, had the greatest number of stems. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) DeWit had the greatest number of individual trees. The 10 most common tree species accounted for nearly 60% of the stems, and the 43 least common species, each with ≤5 individuals, for only 2.2% of the stems. Five species accounted for 58.5% of the total basal area, and 19 species were represented by a single plant. Seven endemic, 20 exotic, and three endangered species were tallied. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA version 4, using a direct gradient analysis of species densities by plot) showed that land use history was the most important factor in explaining species’ distribution. Slope and distance to drainages also added sig- nificantly to the explained variability. Aerial photos from 1998 show that the current ground cover is about 50% shrubs, 43% open canopy forest, and 7% grass cover.
    [Show full text]
  • Puerto Rico State Wildlife Action Plan: Ten Year Review
    Puerto Rico State Wildlife Action Plan: Ten Year Review Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. September 2015. Puerto Rico State Wildlife Action Plan Page TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................... 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................. 7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ........................................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 2. SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED ..................................................................... 19 AMPHIBIANS .......................................................................................................................................... 21 SPECIES AND ACTIONS FOR PRIORITIZATION ........................................................................................................ 21 STATUS AND PROTECTION OF SPECIES OF GREATEST CONSERVATION NEED ............................................................... 23 FOREST COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION (FROM DRNA 2010). ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • LAGUNA CARTAGENA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Lajas, Puerto Rico
    DRAFT COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT LAGUNA CARTAGENA NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE Lajas, Puerto Rico U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia February 2011 Laguna Cartagena National Wildlife Refuge TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION A. DRAFT COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN I. Background ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose And Need For The Plan ................................................................................................. 1 Fish and Wildlife Service .............................................................................................................. 1 National Wildlife Refuge System .................................................................................................. 2 Legal and Policy Context .............................................................................................................. 3 National and International Conservation Plans and Initiatives ..................................................... 4 Relationship To State Wildlife Agency ..........................................................................................6 II. Refuge Overview .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Refuges and Other Nearby Reserves in Southwestern Puerto Rico
    United States Department of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Agriculture Forest Service Service Refuges And Other Nearby Reserves In Southwestern Puerto Rico International Institute of Tropical Forestry General Technical Peter L. Weaver and Joseph J. Schwagerl Report IITF-40 Front cover Top, Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge. The Cabo Rojo Salt flats, critical wildlife habitat at the southwestern tip of Puerto Rico, boast a long history of wildlife use and human activity (Photo by Jorge Salivia). Bottom, Laguna Cartagena National Wildlife Refuge. Farming and water diversion measures around the Cartagena Lagoon in southwestern Puerto Rico have modified its water quality and regimen (Photo by Peter L. Weaver) . Top, Wildlife refuge. Welcome to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Cabo Rojo National Wildlife Refuge via Mariano Rodríguez Lane (Photo by Peter L. Weaver). Bottom, Headquarters. First constructed to monitor regional communications, the original headquarters was the home of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for 35 years (Photo by Peter L. Weaver). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Refuges And Other Nearby Reserves In Southwestern Puerto Rico Peter L. Weaver International Institute of Tropical Forestry U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Río Piedras, Puerto Rico and Joseph J. Schwagerl U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico June 2009 International Institute of Tropical Forestry Jardín Botánico Sur 1201 Calle Ceiba San Juan, PR 00926-1119 Contents Page Abstract ..............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What Is the Evidence That Invasive Species Are a Significant Contributor to the Decline Or Loss of Threatened Species?
    What is the evidence that invasive species are a significant contributor to the decline or loss of threatened species? Philip D. Roberts1* ([email protected]), Hilda Diaz-Soltero2 ([email protected]), David J. Hemming1 ([email protected]), Martin J. Parr1 ([email protected]), Richard H. Shaw3 ([email protected]), Nicola Wakefield1 ([email protected]), Holly J. Wright1 ([email protected]), and Arne B.R. Witt4 ([email protected]). Abstract Background: The Convention on Biological Diversity has reported invasive species as 2nd greatest cause of species extinction (COP10). However few efforts have been made to collate the evidence to support or contest the impact of invasive species on the decline and/or extinction of threatened species across large taxonomic or geographical scales. This Systematic Review was commissioned by the United States Department for Agriculture (USDA) Invasives Causing Extinction (ICE) programme to determine if the COP10 statement was based on scientific evidence. The evidence needs to be systematically reviewed and mapped to determine the importance and relevance of any such effects in order to develop national and international policies addressing the loss of threatened species, and to prioritise research and mitigation efforts. Methods/design: The searching of online publication databases, grey literature and other resources, such as recovery plans of endangered species, aims to gather existing evidence on whether invasive species are a significant contributor to the decline and/or extinction of threatened
    [Show full text]