DOCSLIB.ORG

Vascular Flora of the Guánica Dry Forest, Puerto Rico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vascular Flora of the Guánica Dry Forest, Puerto Rico VASCULAR FLORA OF THE GUÁNICA DRY FOREST, PUERTO RICO by Omar A. Monsegur Rivera A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in BIOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MAYAGÜEZ CAMPUS 2009 Approved by: _______________________________ _____________________ Duane A. Kolterman, PhD Date Member, Graduate Committee _______________________________ _____________________ Jesús D. Chinea, PhD Date Member, Graduate Committee _______________________________ _____________________ Gary J. Breckon, PhD Date President, Graduate Committee _______________________________ _____________________ Nilda E. Aponte, PhD Date Representative of Graduate Studies _______________________________ _____________________ Nanette Diffoot Carlo, PhD Date Chairperson of the Department Abstract The systematic review of the Guánica Forest Reserve flora indicates that it consist of 460 accepted species, plus another 258 species that require confirmation. The number of unconfirmed records is greater than that of other dry forest areas in Puerto Rico, suggesting that further fieldwork and herbaria work is needed. A total of 102 new record are included as part of this work, including Sansevieria concinna as a new record for the island of Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. The Guánica Forest is a major depository of the Puerto Rican and Caribbean dry forest plant diversity. Three of the endemics are restricted to the Forest and do not occur elsewhere in the world. Reynosia vivesiana and Zephyranthes proctorii are identified as species that should be considered to be listed as endangered species. In general the number of exotics and naturalized species is relatively low. Nevertheless, Haematoxylon campechianum and Sansevieria concinna are examples of the species that deserve further study as potential invasive species within the Forest. ii Resumen La evaluación sistemática de la flora de la Reserva Forestal de Guánica indica que está consiste de 460 especies aceptadas, con otras 258 especies que requieren ser confirmadas. El número de reportes sin confirmar es mayor que otras areas en Puerto Rico, sugiriendo que se require de más trabajo de campo y herbario. Un total de 102 nuevos reportes son incluidos como parte de este trabajo, incluyendo Sansevieria concinna como un nuevo registro para la isla de Puerto Rico y el Caribe. El Bosque de Guánica es un depositorio principal de la diversidad de plantas de bosque seco de Puerto Rico y el Caribe. Tres de las species endémicas están restringidas al Bosque y no se encuentran en ningún otro lugar del planeta. Se identifica a Reynosia vivesiana y Zephyranthes proctorii como especies que deben consideradas para ser listadas como especies en peligro de extinción. En general el número de especies naturalizadas y exóticas es relativamente bajo. Sin embargo, Haematoxylon campechianum y Sansevieria concina son ejemplos de especies que merecen más estudio por su potencial como especies invasoras dentro del Bosque. iii Copyright 2009 by Omar A. Monsegur Rivera I grant the University of Puerto Rico the non-exclusive right to use this work for the University’s own purposes and to make single copies of this work available to the public on a not-for-profit if copies are otherwise unavailable. iv Acknowledgments I want to thanks all the members of my graduate commette and the botany professors of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez. All of them have contributed to what I have learned during all these years. I specially recognize Dr. Gary J. Breckon for his trust and patience. I must mention the support of Pedro Acevedo from the Smithsonian Institution. His assistance was critical during my visit to the US herbarium. He also made accessible all the data of his collections from Guánica. Mark Strong and Vicky Funk also helped me during my intership at the Smithsonian. Frank Axelrod kindly provided the unpublished manuscript of his Vademecum to the Vascular Plants of Puerto Rico. The directors of the herbaria in Puerto Rico (SJ, UPR and UPRRP) provided the opportunity to examine the vouchers from the Guánica Forest. Jeanine Vélez (MAPR) helped me with the management of the Brahms database. Nestor Pérez Molièr (NY) always responded immediately to any request for images or specimen data. My friends Carlos C. Martínez and Amelia Merced were part of that small, but persistent group of students who decided to explore the unknown. Both of them were part of my first steps into botany. There was an extensive amount of field work on the Guánica Forest Reserve that would not be possible without the assistance of numerous graduate and undergraduate students; Javier Román and Ilianet Morales were always there. Also, I want to thank all my former partners at the Puerto Rican parrot project: Iván Llerandi, Jesús Ríos, Ana Estrella, Brian Ramos, Jong Piel Banch and Ricardo Valentín. You all know that more than friends, we are a family. There is a grumpy Puerto Rican botanist who v deserves all my admiration, Mr. José Sustache Sustache. Thanks Sustache for making me laugh and for your unconditional friendship. The Department of Natural and Environmental Resources of Puerto Rico provided the collecting permits for this research. Also Mr. Miguel Canals provided access to the different areas of the Forest, helped me to locate some of the rare species and took me to pristine areas. The US Fish and Wildlife Service, Boquerón Field Office provided time to complete the revision of the manuscript and to do herbarium work. I will always be grateful for the support and the input of my partners at Boquerón. Thanks Carlitos for sharing your knowledge about the natural history and management of the Guánica Forest. To Jan Paul for your friendship and patience during the design of the maps. Finally, I am gratefull to all my family for their patience and love. Especially to Bárbara Sanchéz for being there and understanding why all our vacations ended up collecting plants. Thanks for helping me collect and getting pictures of the never-ending beauty of our loved Puerto Rico. vi Table of contents Abstract ........................…………………………………………………………… ii Resumen ........……………………………………………..………………………. iii Acknowledgments ....……………………………………...……………………... v Table of contents ........…………………………………………………………….. vii List of tables ...........……………………………………………………………….. viii List of figures .........………………………………………………………………... ix List of appendices .......…………………………………………………………..… x Introduction ............………………………………………………………………... 1 Objectives .......................…………………………………………………………... 5 Litterature review ...........………………………………………………………….. 6 Methodology .......………………………………………………………………….. 10 Results .........……………………………………………………………………...... 17 Discussion ......…………………………………………………………………........ 19 Summary of results ....…………………………………………………………...... 28 Conclusions .....…………………………………………………………………....... 29 Recommendations ……………………………………………………………….... 30 Literature cited ......………………………………………………………………... 31 Tables ........................………………………………………………………………. 38 Figures ............…………………………………………………………………....... 55 Appendices ..……………………………………………………………….............. 63 vii List of tables Table 1. Summary of the collecting days and the number of species collected, and the cumulative number of species not previously collected per collecting trip. ………..... 39 Table 2. Summary of the names attributed to the flora of the Guánica Forest Reserve. ……………………………………………………………………………………..… 41 Table 3. New vascular plants records for the Guánica Forest Reserve. ……………………..... 42 Table 4. Comparison between the proportion of unconfirmed taxa among the Guánica Forest Reserve, Mona Island, Susúa Forest and Vieques Island. ………………...…. 46 Table 5. Summary of regional endemics reported for the flora of the Guánica Forest Reserve. ……………………………………………………………………………..…. 47 Table 6. Species designated as critical elements by the Department of Natural and Environmental Resources (CE) or listed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FL). ………………………………………………………………………………..…. 48 Table 7. Comparison of the percent of the flora corresponding to Critical Elements and Federally Listed species between some natural areas in Puerto Rico. ……………….….... 50 Table 8. Rare species occurring within the Guánica Forest Reserve that deserve further study and should be considered to be designated as Critical Elements by Department of Natural and Environmental Resources or protected by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. ………………………………………………………………………..... 51 Table 9. Species confirmed within the flora of the Guánica Forest Reserve and known only from collections prior to 1951. …………………………………………….… 52 Table 10. Introduced and/or naturalized species within the Guánica Forest Reserve. ……………………………………………………………………………………...… 53 viii List of figures Figure 1. Map of the location of the Guánica Forest Reserve, including the new boundaries of the West and East Units. ……………………………………………. 56 Figure 2. Map of the trails and collecting areas of the the Guánica Forest Reserve “East Unit”. ………………………………………………………………….… 57 Figure 3. Map of the trails and collecting areas of the the Guánica Forest Reserve “West Unit”. …………………………………………………………….……... 58 Figure 4. Map of the surveyed areas and collecting points in the Guánica Forest Reserve “East Unit”. …………………………………………………………….. 59 Figure 5. Map of the surveyed areas and collecting points in the Guánica Forest Reserve “West Unit”. ……………………………………………………………. 60 Figure 6. Cumulative number of species during the collecting period. …..…………….. 61 Figure 7. Distribution
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Approved Plant List 10/04/12
    FLORIDA The best time to plant a tree is 20 years ago, the second best time to plant a tree is today. City of Sunrise Approved Plant List 10/04/12 Appendix A 10/4/12 APPROVED PLANT LIST FOR SINGLE FAMILY HOMES SG xx Slow Growing “xx” = minimum height in Small Mature tree height of less than 20 feet at time of planting feet OH Trees adjacent to overhead power lines Medium Mature tree height of between 21 – 40 feet U Trees within Utility Easements Large Mature tree height greater than 41 N Not acceptable for use as a replacement feet * Native Florida Species Varies Mature tree height depends on variety Mature size information based on Betrock’s Florida Landscape Plants Published 2001 GROUP “A” TREES Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Avocado Persea Americana L Bahama Strongbark Bourreria orata * U, SG 6 S Bald Cypress Taxodium distichum * L Black Olive Shady Bucida buceras ‘Shady Lady’ L Lady Black Olive Bucida buceras L Brazil Beautyleaf Calophyllum brasiliense L Blolly Guapira discolor* M Bridalveil Tree Caesalpinia granadillo M Bulnesia Bulnesia arboria M Cinnecord Acacia choriophylla * U, SG 6 S Group ‘A’ Plant List for Single Family Homes Common Name Botanical Name Uses Mature Tree Size Citrus: Lemon, Citrus spp. OH S (except orange, Lime ect. Grapefruit) Citrus: Grapefruit Citrus paradisi M Trees Copperpod Peltophorum pterocarpum L Fiddlewood Citharexylum fruticosum * U, SG 8 S Floss Silk Tree Chorisia speciosa L Golden – Shower Cassia fistula L Green Buttonwood Conocarpus erectus * L Gumbo Limbo Bursera simaruba * L
    [Show full text]
  • The Flower Essential Oil of Dalea Mutisii Kunth (Fabaceae) from Ecuador: Chemical, Enantioselective, and Olfactometric Analyses
    plants Article The Flower Essential Oil of Dalea mutisii Kunth (Fabaceae) from Ecuador: Chemical, Enantioselective, and Olfactometric Analyses Gianluca Gilardoni 1,* , Mayra Montalván 1, Mariana Ortiz 1, Diego Vinueza 2 and José Vinicio Montesinos 1 1 Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador; [email protected] (M.M.), [email protected] (M.O.), [email protected] (J.V.M.) 2 Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Lope de Armendariz, Riobamba 060106, Ecuador; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 9 September 2020; Accepted: 8 October 2020; Published: 21 October 2020 Abstract: An essential oil was distilled with 0.25% yield from fresh flowers of Dalea mutisii Kunth, a native species mainly growing in the Andean region of Ecuador. A total of 50 compounds were identified, and most of them were quantified. The chemical composition was characterized by the prevalence of monoterpene hydrocarbons (>90%). Major components were α-pinene (42.9%), β-pinene (15.1%), β-phellandrene (12.6%), myrcene (6.7%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (5.4%). The essential oil was then submitted to enantioselective analysis, with a 2,3-diethyl-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin-based capillary column. An enantiomeric excess was measured for (1R,5R)-(+)-α-pinene (91.6%), (1R,5R)-(+)-β-pinene (15.2%), (R)-( )-α-phellandrene − (4.8%), and (R)-( )-β-phellandrene (88.8%), whereas (R)-(+)-limonene was enantiomerically pure. − A gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O) analysis was additionally carried out on this pleasantly fragrant essential oil, following an aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Gumbo Limbo Final Draft.Pub
    Stephen H. Brown, Horticulture Agent Bronwyn Mason, Master Gardener Lee County Extension, Fort Myers, Florida (239) 533-7513 [email protected] http://lee.ifas.ufl.edu/hort/GardenHome.shtml Botanical Name: Bursera simaruba Family: Burseraceae Common Names: Gumbo limbo, tourist tree, turpentine tree, almácigo Synonyms (Discarded names): Bursera elaphrium, B. pistacia Origin: South Florida, Bahamas, Carib- bean, Yucatan peninsula, Central America, Northern and Western South America U.S.D.A. Zone: 9B-11 (25°F minimum) Plant Type: Medium to large-sized tree Leaf Type: Pinnately compound Growth Rate: Fast Typical Dimensions: 25’-50’ x 25’-50’ Leaf Persistence: Briefly deciduous Flowering Season: Winter, spring Light Requirements: High Salt Tolerance: High Ft Myers Beach, Florida, late July Drought Tolerance: High Wind Tolerance: High Soil Requirements: Well-drained; wide variety of soil types including alkaline Nutritional Requirements: Low Environmental Problems: Weak branches Major Potential Pests: Croton scale, rugose spiraling whitefly Propagation: Seeds, cuttings Human Hazards: None Uses: Shade, parking lot island, specimen, streetscape, wildlife Natural Geographic Distribution Bursera is a genus of about 100 species in tropical America with gumbo limbo, B. simaruba, being one of the most wide- spread species. It is native along both coasts of Florida southwards from Pinellas County on the west and Brevard County on the east. The species is widespread throughout the Caribbean and the Baha- mas. Its continental range extends from the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico to Panama, Columbia, Venezuela, Guyana, and north- ern Brazil. Ft Myers, Florida Growth and Wood Characteristics Gumbo limbo is one of the fastest growing native trees. The growth is so rapid that a six- to eight-foot tree can be produced from seed in 18 months.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Assessment and Listing Priority Assignment Form
    U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SPECIES ASSESSMENT AND LISTING PRIORITY ASSIGNMENT FORM Scientific Name: Dalea carthagenensis floridana Common Name: Florida prairie-clover Lead region: Region 4 (Southeast Region) Information current as of: 03/26/2013 Status/Action ___ Funding provided for a proposed rule. Assessment not updated. ___ Species Assessment - determined species did not meet the definition of the endangered or threatened under the Act and, therefore, was not elevated to the Candidate status. ___ New Candidate _X_ Continuing Candidate ___ Candidate Removal ___ Taxon is more abundant or widespread than previously believed or not subject to the degree of threats sufficient to warrant issuance of a proposed listing or continuance of candidate status ___ Taxon not subject to the degree of threats sufficient to warrant issuance of a proposed listing or continuance of candidate status due, in part or totally, to conservation efforts that remove or reduce the threats to the species ___ Range is no longer a U.S. territory ___ Insufficient information exists on biological vulnerability and threats to support listing ___ Taxon mistakenly included in past notice of review ___ Taxon does not meet the definition of "species" ___ Taxon believed to be extinct ___ Conservation efforts have removed or reduced threats ___ More abundant than believed, diminished threats, or threats eliminated. Petition Information ___ Non-Petitioned _X_ Petitioned - Date petition received: 05/11/2004 90-Day Positive:05/11/2005 12 Month Positive:05/11/2005 Did the
    [Show full text]
  • Reporton the Rare Plants of Puerto Rico
    REPORTON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO tii:>. CENTER FOR PLANT CONSERVATION ~ Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis, Missouri July 15, l' 992 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Center for Plant Conservation would like to acknowledge the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the W. Alton Jones Foundation for their generous support of the Center's work in the priority region of Puerto Rico. We would also like to thank all the participants in the task force meetings, without whose information this report would not be possible. Cover: Zanthoxy7um thomasianum is known from several sites in Puerto Rico and the U.S . Virgin Islands. It is a small shrub (2-3 meters) that grows on the banks of cliffs. Threats to this taxon include development, seed consumption by insects, and road erosion. The seeds are difficult to germinate, but Fairchild Tropical Garden in Miami has plants growing as part of the Center for Plant Conservation's .National Collection of Endangered Plants. (Drawing taken from USFWS 1987 Draft Recovery Plan.) REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements A. Summary 8. All Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands Species of Conservation Concern Explanation of Attached Lists C. Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] species D. Blank Taxon Questionnaire E. Data Sources for Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [B] species F. Pue~to Rico\Virgin Islands Task Force Invitees G. Reviewers of Puerto Rico\Virgin Islands [A] and [8] Species REPORT ON THE RARE PLANTS OF PUERTO RICO SUMMARY The Center for Plant Conservation (Center) has held two meetings of the Puerto Rlco\Virgin Islands Task Force in Puerto Rico.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article: Life History and Host Range of Prochoerodes Onustaria, an Unsuitable Classical Biological Control Agent of Brazilian Peppertree
    Biocontrol Science and Technology ISSN: 0958-3157 (Print) 1360-0478 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cbst20 Research article: life history and host range of Prochoerodes onustaria, an unsuitable classical biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree E. Jones & G. S. Wheeler To cite this article: E. Jones & G. S. Wheeler (2017) Research article: life history and host range of Prochoerodes onustaria, an unsuitable classical biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree, Biocontrol Science and Technology, 27:4, 565-580, DOI: 10.1080/09583157.2017.1325837 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2017.1325837 Published online: 16 May 2017. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 24 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cbst20 Download by: [University of Florida] Date: 13 July 2017, At: 08:24 BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2017 VOL. 27, NO. 4, 565–580 https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2017.1325837 Research article: life history and host range of Prochoerodes onustaria, an unsuitable classical biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree E. Jonesa,b and G. S. Wheelera aUSDA/ARS Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Ft Lauderdale, FL, USA; bSCA/AmeriCorps, Ft Lauderdale, FL, USA ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The life history and host range of the South American defoliator Received 13 January 2017 Prochoerodes onustaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) were examined Accepted 26 April 2017 to determine its suitability as a classical biological control agent of KEYWORDS the invasive weed Brazilian Peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia,in Schinus terebinthifolia; the U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Sandy Point, Green Cay and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation Plan
    Sandy Point, Green Cay and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation Plan U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region September 2010 Sandy Point, Green Cay, and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN SANDY POINT, GREEN CAY AND BUCK ISLAND NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGES United States Virgin Islands Caribbean Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia September 2010 Table of Contents iii Sandy Point, Green Cay, and Buck Island National Wildlife Refuges TABLE OF CONTENTS COMPREHENSIVE CONSERVATION PLAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 1 I. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................................. 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 Purpose and Need for the Plan .................................................................................................... 3 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ...................................................................................................... 3 National Wildlife Refuge System .................................................................................................. 4 Legal and Policy Context .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Keel, S. 2005. Caribbean Ecoregional Assessment Cuba Terrestrial
    CARIBBEAN ECOREGIONAL ASSESSMENT Cuba Terrestrial Report July 8, 2005 Shirley Keel INTRODUCTION Physical Features Cuba is the largest country in the Caribbean, with a total area of 110,922 km2. The Cuba archipelago consists of the main island (105,007 km2), Isla de Pinos (2,200 km2), and more than one thousand cays (3,715 km2). Cuba’s main island, oriented in a NW-SE direction, has a varied orography. In the NW the major mountain range is the Guaniguanico Massif stretching from west to east with two mountain chains of distinct geological ages and composition—Sierra de los Organos of ancient Jurassic limestone deposited on slaty sandstone, and Sierra del Rosario, younger and highly varied in geological structure. Towards the east lie the low Hills of Habana- Matanzas and the Hills of Bejucal-Madruga-Limonar. In the central part along the east coast are several low hills—from north to south the Mogotes of Caguaguas, Loma Cunagua, the ancient karstic range of Sierra de Cubitas, and the Maniabón Group; while along the west coast rises the Guamuhaya Massif (Sierra de Escambray range) and low lying Sierra de Najasa. In the SE, Sierra Maestra and the Sagua-Baracoa Massif form continuous mountain ranges. The high ranges of Sierra Maestra stretch from west to east with the island’s highest peak, Pico Real (Turquino Group), reaching 1,974 m. The complex mountain system of Sagua-Baracoa consists of several serpentine mountains in the north and plateau-like limestone mountains in the south. Low limestone hills, Sierra de Casas and Sierra de Caballos are situated in the northeastern part of Isla de Pinos (Borhidi, 1991).
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Revisión Del Género Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae)
    Polibotánica ISSN: 1405-2768 [email protected] Departamento de Botánica México Campos-Ríos, Ma. Goreti Revisión del género Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae) en México Polibotánica, núm. 19, agosto, 2005, pp. 39-103 Departamento de Botánica Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=62101903 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Núm.19, pp.39-103, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2005 REVISIÓN DEL GÉNERO Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae) EN MÉXICO Ma. Goreti Campos-Ríos Herbario CICY. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Apartado 87 Cordemex. Mérida, Yucatán, 97310 México E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] RESUMEN taxonomic status of several species were still uncertain in the absence of revisions. México es un centro de diversidad del The taxonomic account presented here is género Bourreria, pero la identidad y el based on morphology. It relies on extensive estatus taxonómico de varias especies es field surveys of native populations and on incierto por la falta de revisiones modernas. the study of relevant herbarium material. La revisión taxonómica presentada aquí, está Original descriptions, nomenclatural types, basada en la morfología, en la revisión de selected synonymy, distribution and habitat poblaciones nativas en campo y colecciones requirements are provided for each species. de herbario. Se hace una revisión de las 16 Comments and notes are added on various especies del género Bourreria P.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 78, No. 204/Tuesday, October 22, 2013
    62560 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 22, 2013 / Proposed Rules * * * * * Processing, Attn: FWS–R4–ES–2013– existing regulatory mechanisms; or (E) Dated: September 9, 2013. 0103; Division of Policy and Directives other natural or manmade factors Rachel Jacobson, Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife affecting its continued existence. Service; 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, MS Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fish We have determined that listing is Wildlife and Parks. 2042–PDM; Arlington, VA 22203. warranted for these species, which are We request that you send comments currently at risk throughout all of their [FR Doc. 2013–24169 Filed 10–3–13; 8:45 am] only by the methods described above. respective ranges due to threats related BILLING CODE 4310–55–C We will post all comments on http:// to: www.regulations.gov. This generally • A. eggersiana—potential future DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR means that we will post any personal development for residential, urban, and information you provide us (see the tourist use; agriculture use; dropping of Fish and Wildlife Service Information Requested section below for debris; competing nonnative plants; more information). fires; predation; and disease cause by 50 CFR Part 17 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: insects (weevils). • [Docket No. FWS–R4–ES–2013–0103; Marelisa Rivera, Deputy Field G. concolor—installation or 4500030113] Supervisor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife expansion of telecommunication towers, Service, Caribbean Ecological Services road improvement, vegetation RIN 1018–AZ10 Field Office, P.O. Box 491, Road 301 management, and small number of ´ individuals and populations. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife Km. 5.1, Boqueron, PR 00622; by • V.
    [Show full text]
  • Review on Combretaceae Family
    Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 58(2), September - October 2019; Article No. 04, Pages: 22-29 ISSN 0976 – 044X Review Article Review on Combretaceae Family Soniya Rahate*, Atul Hemke, Milind Umekar Department of Quality Assurance, Shrimati Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Dist-Nagpur 441002, India. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Received: 06-08-2019; Revised: 22-09-2019; Accepted: 28-09-2019. ABSTRACT Combretaceae, the family of flowering plants consisting of 20 genus and 600 important species in respective genus. The two largest genera of the family are Combretum and Terminalia which contains the more no. of species. The members of the family are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Most members of the trees, shrubs or lianas of the combretaceae family are widely used medicinally. The members of this family contain the different phytoconstituents of medicinal value e.g tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Most of the species of this family are used as antimicrobial, antioxidant and antifungal. The biological activities of the some members of this family yet not found. Apart from the medicinal value many members of the Combretaceae are of culinary and ornamental value. Keywords: Combretaceae, Tannins, Flavonoid, Terminalia, Combretum. INTRODUCTION species of Combretum have edible kernels whereas Buchenavia species have edible succulent endocarps. he family combretaceae is a major group of Chemical constituents like tannins are also found in fruits, flowering plants (Angiosperms) included in the bark, leaves, roots and timber in buchenavia and order of Myrtales. Robert Brown established it in T terminalia genera. Many of the species are reputed to 1810 and its inclusion to the order is not in dispute.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Inventory and Analysis National Core Field Guide
    National Core Field Guide, Version 5.1 October, 2011 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE VOLUME I: FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 PLOTS Version 5.1 National Core Field Guide, Version 5.1 October, 2011 Changes from the Phase 2 Field Guide version 5.0 to version 5.1 Changes documented in change proposals are indicated in bold type. The corresponding proposal name can be seen using the comments feature in the electronic file. • Section 8. Phase 2 (P2) Vegetation Profile (Core Optional). Corrected several figure numbers and figure references in the text. • 8.2. General definitions. NRCS PLANTS database. Changed text from: “USDA, NRCS. 2000. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 January 2000). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. FIA currently uses a stable codeset downloaded in January of 2000.” To: “USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 January 2010). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. FIA currently uses a stable codeset downloaded in January of 2010”. • 8.6.2. SPECIES CODE. Changed the text in the first paragraph from: “Record a code for each sampled vascular plant species found rooted in or overhanging the sampled condition of the subplot at any height. Species codes must be the standardized codes in the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS database (currently January 2000 version). Identification to species only is expected. However, if subspecies information is known, enter the appropriate NRCS code. For graminoids, genus and unknown codes are acceptable, but do not lump species of the same genera or unknown code.
    [Show full text]