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Redalyc.Revisión Del Género Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae)

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Redalyc.Revisión Del Género Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae) Polibotánica ISSN: 1405-2768 [email protected] Departamento de Botánica México Campos-Ríos, Ma. Goreti Revisión del género Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae) en México Polibotánica, núm. 19, agosto, 2005, pp. 39-103 Departamento de Botánica Distrito Federal, México Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=62101903 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Núm.19, pp.39-103, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2005 REVISIÓN DEL GÉNERO Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae) EN MÉXICO Ma. Goreti Campos-Ríos Herbario CICY. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Apartado 87 Cordemex. Mérida, Yucatán, 97310 México E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] RESUMEN taxonomic status of several species were still uncertain in the absence of revisions. México es un centro de diversidad del The taxonomic account presented here is género Bourreria, pero la identidad y el based on morphology. It relies on extensive estatus taxonómico de varias especies es field surveys of native populations and on incierto por la falta de revisiones modernas. the study of relevant herbarium material. La revisión taxonómica presentada aquí, está Original descriptions, nomenclatural types, basada en la morfología, en la revisión de selected synonymy, distribution and habitat poblaciones nativas en campo y colecciones requirements are provided for each species. de herbario. Se hace una revisión de las 16 Comments and notes are added on various especies del género Bourreria P. Browne aspects of the species. Sixteen species of (Boraginaceae) presentes en México, la Bourreria occur in Mexico, endemic to a mayoría endémicas y de distribución muy small area and six new species are proposed. restringida y se proponen seis especies A key to species, illustrations and nuevas que posteriormente serán descritas. distribution maps are also provided. In Para cada una de las especies se presentan addition, to propose the lectotypification descripciones morfológicas completas, for three species. tipos nomenclaturales y sinonimias. Se hacen comentarios y notas adicionales Keywords: Mexico, taxonomy, Bourreria, sobre aspectos taxonómicos de las Boraginaceae. especies, distribución y hábitat, se incluye una clave para facilitar su identificación, INTRODUCCIÓN apoyada en ilustraciones y mapas de distribución. Adicionalmente se propone la El género Bourreria fue descrito en 1756 lectotipificación de tres especies. por Patrick Browne. Autores como Cronquist (1981), Judd et al. (1999) y Miller Palabras clave: México, Bourreria, (2001) lo ubican en la subfamilia Boraginaceae, taxonomía. Ehretioideae de las Boraginaceae. Está representado por alrededor de 50 especies ABSTRACT distribuidas esencialmente en México, Centroamérica, norte de Sudamérica, el Mexico is a major center of diversity of the Caribe y áreas adyacentes del sur de Florida, genus Bourreria but the identity and por lo que por mucho tiempo se le consideró 39 Núm. 19:39-103 Agosto 2005 como un taxón restringido al Nuevo en el continente se encuentra en los estados Mundo. Sin embargo, Thulin (1987) de Sonora y Baja California Sur, desde extendió sus límites geográficos al incluir donde se extiende hacia el sur por cinco especies del Este de África, Centroamérica y hasta Venezuela y segregándolas de Ehretia L. La mayor Colombia en Sudamérica. En el Caribe se concentración de especies se encuentra en encuentra prácticamente en todas las islas, Cuba (Klotz, 1989) y México. desde las Bahamas hasta Curazao, Trinidad y Tobago al sur. Los miembros de la familia Boraginaceae más cercanos a Bourreria son Ehretia y En la literatura actual sólo se encontraron Cordia L., con los cuales comparte el hábito registros florísticos del género, por lo que leñoso y afinidades ecológicas, climáticas en la presente revisión se pretende: 1) y hábitat en las selvas caducifolias. esclarecer la taxonomía de las especies (delimitarlas, ampliar las descripciones, El género Bourreria es nomenclaturalmente resolver problemas nomenclaturales y confuso y su taxonomía muy problemática proporcionar claves de determinación); 2) por la ambigua circunscripción de las ampliar el conocimiento de la morfología del especies y la escasa o nula información género; 3) establecer la distribución sobre la distribución geográfica y hábitat. geográfica de las especies. La variación interespecífica ha fomentado la aceptación de especies vagamente MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS definidas y la deficiente representación del taxón en los herbarios ha limitado el estudio, El estudio se realizó con base en la revisión ya que, de algunas especies, sólo se tiene de la literatura florística y 725 colectas el tipo. herborizadas provenientes de las siguientes instituciones: A, ANSM, ARIZ, B, BCMEX, Su distribución actual sugiere la posi- BM, BR, C, CAS, CHIP, CICY, CICR, ENCB, bilidad de tres grupos, el mexicano, el F, FCME, G, GH, INIF, K, LINN, LL, MA, antillano y el centroamericano, que al quedar MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, TEX, UAMIZ, UAT, aislados geográficamente, pudieran haber UC, UCAM, US, WIS, XAL (Holmgren evolucionado en forma vicariante. 1990), enriqueciéndolo con algunas observaciones que se pudieron hacer En el primer inventario del género, Bentham directamente en campo. y Hooker (1876) calcularon de 16 a 28 especies para el Caribe, México, Los datos del color de las flores, hábitat y Centroamérica y Colombia. Gibson (1970) época de floración se tomaron de las menciona que serían sólo de 15 a 20 especies. etiquetas de herbario y de observaciones De lo que se conoce hasta hoy, Bourreria de campo. La morfología floral se revisa en se extiende aproximadamente desde los 23° muestras prehidratadas, procurando incluir de latitud Norte hasta los 10° de latitud Sur el mayor número de caracteres posible. y la mayoría de las especies tienen una distribución muy restringida. Su límite norte 40 Ma. Goreti Campos-Ríos: Revisión del género Bourreria P. Browne (Boraginaceae) en México REVISIÓN TAXONÓMICA pecioladas, lisas o escabrosas, margen entero o revoluto. Inflorescencia terminal o Bourreria P. Browne, nom. cons. Civ. Nat. subterminal, cimas corimbiformes, Hist. Jamaica 168. 1756. TIPO: Bourreria dicotómicas, con pocas o muchas flores. baccata Raf., Sylva Tellur. 42. Oct-Dec. 1838. Flores perfectas, casi siempre fragantes; cáliz campanulado o tubular, 2-5 lóbulos o Morelosia Lex., Nov. Veg. Desc. fasc. 1. 1. dientes valvados; corola infundibuliforme, 1824. hipocraterimorfa o tubular, blanca, amarilla Crematomia Miers, Contr. Bot. 243. 1869. o roja, 5-lobada, lóbulos imbricados en Hymenesthes Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. prefloración, anchos y extendidos; London, Bot. Ser. 2. 1:26. 1875. estambres 5, insertos en el tubo de la corola, casi del mismo largo del tubo o exertos, En la literatura se han registrado las filamentos glabros o pubescentes en el siguientes variantes ortográficas: punto de inserción, anteras ovadas u oblongas, polen tricolporado; ovario Beurreria Jacq., Enum. Pl. Carib. 2. 1760; O. súpero, con 2-4 cavidades, glabro, estilo E. Schulz, Arkiv Bot., Stockh. xxii.A. No.17. terminal, bífido, estigmas truncados, 88-92. 1929 ; Standl. Trop. Woods, 8:5. 1926.; capitados o clavados, óvulos adheridos 16:40. 1928 lateralmente. Fruto drupáceo, subgloboso Beureria Spreng., Syst. 1:647. 1825; Griseb., u ovoide o seco, esquizocarpico, se separa Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Isl. 481. 1862; Gürke, Engl. & en cuatro núculas triangulares con la Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. IV. 3ª:87. 1891; columna central abierta en cuatro partes, O. E. Schulz, Urban, Symb. Antill. 745-71. pericarpio delgado; semillas con 1911. endospermo carnoso; cotiledones planos. Árboles o arbustos, glabros o pubescentes, caducifolios o perennifolios. Hojas alternas, Clave para la identificación de las especies de Bourreria 1. Corolas de 25 mm o más de largo...........................................................................................2 1. Corolas de menos de 25 mm de largo................................................................................... 4 2. Corola hipocraterimorfa, estambres exertos..........................................................................3 2. Corola infundibuliforme, estambres apenas exertos.......................................... B. superba 3. Cáliz de 10-15 mm de largo, lóbulos de la corola de 10-11 mm largo.....................B. rekoi 3. Cáliz de 8 mm o menos de largo, lóbulos de la corola de 5-6 mm largo........B. longiflora 4. Hojas elípticas a ovadas..........................................................................................................5 41 Núm. 19:39-103 Agosto 2005 4. Hojas oblanceoladas, espatuladas a ampliamente obovadas........................................ 12 5. Lóbulos de la corola dos veces o más el largo del tubo.................................................. 6 5. Lóbulos de la corola ligeramente más largos, iguales o más cortos que el tubo.......... 7 6. Haz estrigoso-puberulento, Cuenca del Balsas .......................................... B. andrieuxii 6. Haz glabrescente-espiculado, Costa del Pacífico ........................................... B. purpusii 7. Base de los filamentos pubescente.................................................................................... 8 7. Base de los filamentos glabra............................................................................................
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