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Misijní Činnost Moravských Bratří Na Labradoru (Východní Kanada)

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Misijní Činnost Moravských Bratří Na Labradoru (Východní Kanada) PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Misijní činnost Moravských bratří na Labradoru (východní Kanada) Bakalářská práce Terezie Kelnarová Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Sandra Sázelová, Ph.D. Ústav antropologie Brno 2019 Bibliografický záznam Autor: Terezie Kelnarová Přírodovědecká fakulta, Masarykova univerzita Ústav antropologie Název práce: Misijní činnost Moravských bratří na Labradoru (východní Kanada) Studijní program: Antropologie Studijní obor: Antropologie Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Sandra Sázelová, Ph.D. Akademický rok: 2018/2019 Počet stran: 100 Klíčová slova: Moravští bratři; Misijní činnost; Christianizace; Labrador; Misijní stanice; Inuité; Jiří Jaeger; Vojtěch Suk; Antropologická sbírka Bibliographic Entry Author: Terezie Kelnarová Faculty of Science, Masaryk University Department of Anthropology Title of Thesis: The Missionary Activities of the Moravian Church at Labrador (Eastern Canada) Degree Programme: Anthropology Field of Study: Anthropology Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Sandra Sázelová, Ph.D. Academic Year: 2018/2019 Number of Pages: 100 Keywords: Moravian Brethren; Missionary activities; Christianization; Labrador; Missionary stations; Inuits; Jiří Jaeger; Vojtěch Suk; Anthropological collection Abstrakt Tato bakalářská práce pojednává o misijní činnosti Moravských bratří, která probíhala na kanadském poloostrově Labrador. Již krátce po svém vzniku ve dvacátých letech osmnáctého století zahájili tito pokračovatelé Jednoty bratrské původem z Moravy misijní výpravy. V první polovině osmnáctého století se vydali do karibské oblasti, dále do Grónska, Severní a Jižní Ameriky, jižní Afriky, po které následovala první výprava na Labrador. Bratři podnikli i další, avšak ne již tak úspěšné misijní cesty, jako byla například misie mezi Laponce a do Alžíru. Misijní činnost nebyla ani na Labradoru snadná, o čemž svědčí i zabití prvního bratrského misionáře na Labradoru, Johanna Christiana Erhardta, Inuity, nebo utonutí bratrů Christopha Brazena a Gottfrieda Lehmanna při návratu z výpravy za nalezením vhodného místa pro jednu z misijních stanic. Přesto však zde působilo mnoho misionářů, mezi něž patřili Jens Haven, Samuel Liebisch, manželé Schneiderovi a další. Za připomenutí rovněž stojí, že kromě Moravských bratří na Labradoru v období první světové války působil jako misijní pracovník Jiří Jaeger a ve druhé polovině dvacátých let dvacátého století zde pracoval profesor Vojtěch Suk při svém sérologickém výzkumu jako lékař. Moravané zanechali na Labradoru nesmazatelnou stopu, založili zde jedenáct misijních stanic, z nichž čtyři dodnes existují. Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with missionary activity of the Moravian Brethren which takes a place on the Labrador Peninsula in Canada. These successors of the Unity of the Brethren from Moravia started missionary expeditions shortly after their establishment in the twenties of the eighteenth century. They went to Caribbean area then to Greenland, North and South America and South Africa in the first half of eighteenth century, followed by the first missionary expedition to Labrador. The Brethren undertook other expeditions but were unsuccessful ones, for example mission in Lapland and Algiers. Even on the Labrador the missionary activity was not easy, as evidenced by killing the first brethren missionary Johann Christian Erhardt by Inuits, or the drowning of Christoph Brazen and Gottfried Lehmann while returning from the expedition to find a suitable place for one of the missionary stations. However, still there were many successful missionaries including Jens Haven, Samuel Liebisch, Mr. and Mrs. Schneider and others. Additionally, it is worth to mention that Jiří Jaeger operated on Labrador as a missionary worker during the First World War and professor Vojtěch Suk worked there as a doctor and conduct the serological research in the second half of the twenties of the twentieth century. The Moravians have left an indelible mark on Labrador, they established here eleven missionary stations, from which four have still exist and work in present. Poděkování Na tomto místě bych chtěla poděkovat všem, bez nichž by tato práce nikdy nevznikla. Především děkuji vedoucí mé bakalářské práce, doc. Mgr. Sandře Sázelové, Ph.D., za její cenné rady a trpělivost. Dále děkuji za ochotu a poskytnutí materiálů, jež jsem využila při psaní této práce, pánům Danielu Říčanovi, RNDr. Vítězslavu Kuželkovi a RNDr. Robinu Pěničkovi, Ph.D. Také chci poděkovat své rodině za trpělivost, entuziasmus a velkou podporu, kterými mne po celou dobu vzniku této práce zahrnovala. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem svoji bakalářskou práci vypracovala samostatně s využitím informačních zdrojů, které jsou v práci citovány. Brno, 1. května 2019 ………………………………. Terezie Kelnarová Obsah 1 Úvod ........................................................................................................................ 10 2 Společenství Moravských bratří ............................................................................... 13 2.1 Hlavní rysy společenství .................................................................................... 13 2.2 Okolnosti vzniku a zániku Jednoty bratrské ....................................................... 15 2.2.1 Vznik Jednoty bratrské .................................................................................. 15 2.2.2 Jan Amos Komenský ..................................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Třicetiletá válka ............................................................................................. 21 2.3 Vznik Obnovené Jednoty bratrské ..................................................................... 24 3 Misijní činnost Moravských bratří ............................................................................ 27 3.1 Ostrov Sv. Tomáše ............................................................................................ 28 3.1.1 Leonard Dober a David Nitschmann .............................................................. 29 3.1.2 Frederik Martin .............................................................................................. 30 3.2 Grónsko ............................................................................................................ 31 3.3 Severní Amerika ............................................................................................... 33 3.3.1 Christian Rauch a David Zeisberger ............................................................... 34 3.4 Další misijní oblasti ........................................................................................... 35 4 Misijní činnost Moravských bratří na Labradoru ...................................................... 36 4.1 Počátky misijní činnosti na Labradoru ............................................................... 37 4.1.1 Johann Christian Erhardt ................................................................................ 37 4.2 První pokus o misii na Labradoru ...................................................................... 38 4.3 Druhá misijní výprava ....................................................................................... 39 4.3.1 Jens Haven .................................................................................................... 39 4.4 Trvalá misie na Labradoru ................................................................................. 42 4.4.1 Vyjednání trvalé misie na Labradoru, Mikak.................................................. 42 4.4.2 Návštěva Paula Layritze ................................................................................ 44 4.4.3 Problémy misionářské práce .......................................................................... 45 4.4.4 Okak, Samuel Liebisch .................................................................................. 47 4.4.5 Manželé Schneiderovi .................................................................................... 49 8 4.4.6 Hopedale ....................................................................................................... 50 4.4.7 Hebron........................................................................................................... 52 4.4.8 Zoar ............................................................................................................... 52 4.4.9 Ramah ........................................................................................................... 53 4.4.10 Makkovik ................................................................................................... 53 4.4.11 Uviluktok ................................................................................................... 55 4.4.12 Port Burwell ............................................................................................... 56 4.4.13 Happy Valley, North West River ................................................................ 56 5 Inuité na Labradoru .................................................................................................. 58 5.1 Základní údaje ................................................................................................... 58 5.2 Způsob obživy ................................................................................................... 58 5.3 Obydlí, sídliště .................................................................................................. 59 5.4 Vliv Moravských bratří na život Inuitů .............................................................. 61 5.4.1 Organizace života ve společenství .................................................................
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