These Vignettes Which Are Sometimes Disconnected, and Sometimes Not, Which Sometimes Relate His Personal Experiences and Sometimes the Imagined Experiences of Others
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Benedict Richard O'gorman Anderson
BENEDICT RICHARD O’GORMAN ANDERSON COURTESY OF CORNELL UNIVERSITY 26 august 1936 . 13 december 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY VOL. 161, NO. 1, MARCH 2017 Anderson.indd 107 4/7/2017 3:51:53 PM biographical memoirs NE OF THE WORLD’S GREAT EXPERTS on Southeast Asia, and a leading theorist of nationalism whose Imagined Commu- O nities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism became required reading for students in a wide range of disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, Benedict Anderson was born in Kunming, China, to an Irish father who worked for the Chinese Customs Service and an English mother. The family left China for Ireland ahead of the massive Japanese invasion of northern China in 1941, but submarine warfare in the Atlantic led them to stay in California until after the war. Anderson won scholarships to Eton and then to Cambridge, where he took a first in Classics, read widely, discovered Japanese cinema, and was radicalized in demonstrations by students from former colonies against the Anglo-French invasion of Suez. Later, he came to especially value this traditional education and the learning of languages, noting that he took his old-fashioned educa- tion for granted, having no idea that he was a member of almost the last generation to benefit from it. He attributed his success to this education and his cosmopolitan experience of marginality, as an English boy in California, an Anglo-Protestant in Catholic Ireland, and a scholarship boy among the privileged at Eton. Others were more inclined to credit his amazing ability to learn languages and immerse himself in foreign cultures and his insatiable curiosity about a wide range of topics that enabled him to see his objects of investigation in a different light. -
The Contestation of Social Memory in the New Media: a Case Study of the 1965 Killings in Indonesia
Aktuelle Südostasienforschung Current Research on Southeast Asia The Contestation of Social Memory in the New Media: A Case Study of the 1965 Killings in Indonesia Hakimul Ikhwan, Vissia Ita Yulianto & Gilang Desti Parahita ► Ikhwan, H., Yulianto, V. I., & Parahita, G. D. (2019). The contestation of social memory in the new media: A case study of the 1965 killings in Indonesia. Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies, 12(1), 3-16. While today’s Indonesian democratic government remains committed to the New Order orthodoxy about the mass killings of 1965, new counter-narratives challenging official history are emerging in the new media. Applying mixed-methods and multi-sited ethnography, this study aims to extend our collaborative understanding of the most re- cent developments in this situation by identifying multiple online interpersonal stories, deliberations, and debates related to the case as well as offline field studies in Java and Bali. Practically and theoretically, we ask how the tragedy of the 1965 killings is contest- ed in the new media and how social memory plays out in this contestation. The study finds that new media potentially act as emancipatory sites channeling and liberating the voices of those that the nation has stigmatized as ‘objectively guilty’. We argue that the arena of contestation is threefold: individual, public vs. state narrative, and theoretical. As such, the transborder space of the new media strongly mediates corrective new voices to fill missing gaps in the convoluted history of this central event of modern Indonesian history. Keywords: 1965 Killings; Master vs. Counter Narratives; Memory Studies; New Media; Southeast Asia INTRODUCTION Indonesia experienced one of the 20th century’s worst mass killings. -
Indonesia: Interpreting the Coup
K. Wann Indonesia: Interpreting the Coup IN THE EARLY HOURS of October 1, 1965, a group of Indo nesian army and air force officers, operating out of Halim Perda- kasumah air force base on the outskirts of Djakarta, despatched small forces of soldiers to the city to seize seven senior generals of the Army’s General Staff and take a number of key points in the capital. With the important exception that the Defence Min ister, General Nasution, eluded his would-be captors, the operation was successful in terms of its set objectives. The six captured generals were all slain. K. Wann has visited Indonesia as a journalist and been a close student of Indonesia for many years. This article is an extended review of Communist Collapse in Indonesia by Arnold C. Brackman. Published bv Asia Pacific Press; 264 pp., S5.75. 57 The conspirators then broadcast an announcement over Djakarta Radio in the name of Lieut.-Col. Untung, commandant of a battalion of the Presidential guard, to the effect that moves in the capital had been initiated to safeguard President Sukarno and the Indonesian Revolution from a reactionary and American-influenced “Council of Generals” which was plotting a coup to overthrow the Govern ment and its progressive policies. The generals were denounced for cosmopolitanism, neglect of their men, luxurious living and sabotage of the President’s program.1 The military action of the plotters was strictly limited. They clearly aimed at no more than a show of strength which would remove the most obdurate opponents of the President’s radical nationalist policies and encourage him to press ahead more vigor ously with his program. -
Rewriting Indonesian History the Future in Indonesia’S Past
No. 113 Rewriting Indonesian History The Future in Indonesia’s Past Kwa Chong Guan Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies Singapore June 2006 With Compliments This Working Paper series presents papers in a preliminary form and serves to stimulate comment and discussion. The views expressed are entirely the author’s own and not that of the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies The Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies (IDSS) was established in July 1996 as an autonomous research institute within the Nanyang Technological University. Its objectives are to: • Conduct research on security, strategic and international issues. • Provide general and graduate education in strategic studies, international relations, defence management and defence technology. • Promote joint and exchange programmes with similar regional and international institutions; and organise seminars/conferences on topics salient to the strategic and policy communities of the Asia-Pacific. Constituents of IDSS include the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research (ICPVTR), the Centre of Excellence for National Security (CENS) and the Asian Programme for Negotiation and Conflict Management (APNCM). Research Through its Working Paper Series, IDSS Commentaries and other publications, the Institute seeks to share its research findings with the strategic studies and defence policy communities. The Institute’s researchers are also encouraged to publish their writings in refereed journals. The focus of research is on issues relating to the security and stability of the Asia-Pacific region and their implications for Singapore and other countries in the region. The Institute has also established the S. Rajaratnam Professorship in Strategic Studies (named after Singapore’s first Foreign Minister), to bring distinguished scholars to participate in the work of the Institute. -
Australia and Indonesia Current Problems, Future Prospects Jamie Mackie Lowy Institute Paper 19
Lowy Institute Paper 19 Australia and Indonesia CURRENT PROBLEMS, FUTURE PROSPECTS Jamie Mackie Lowy Institute Paper 19 Australia and Indonesia CURRENT PROBLEMS, FUTURE PROSPECTS Jamie Mackie First published for Lowy Institute for International Policy 2007 PO Box 102 Double Bay New South Wales 2028 Australia www.longmedia.com.au [email protected] Tel. (+61 2) 9362 8441 Lowy Institute for International Policy © 2007 All rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part Jamie Mackie was one of the first wave of Australians of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including but not limited to electronic, to work in Indonesia during the 1950s. He was employed mechanical, photocopying, or recording), without the prior written permission of the as an economist in the State Planning Bureau under copyright owner. the auspices of the Colombo Plan. Since then he has been involved in teaching and learning about Indonesia Cover design by Holy Cow! Design & Advertising at the University of Melbourne, the Monash Centre of Printed and bound in Australia Typeset by Longueville Media in Esprit Book 10/13 Southeast Asian Studies, and the ANU’s Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. After retiring in 1989 he National Library of Australia became Professor Emeritus and a Visiting Fellow in the Cataloguing-in-Publication data Indonesia Project at ANU. He was also Visiting Lecturer in the Melbourne Business School from 1996-2000. His Mackie, J. A. C. (James Austin Copland), 1924- . publications include Konfrontasi: the Indonesia-Malaysia Australia and Indonesia : current problems, future prospects. -
SECULAR, RELIGIOUS and SUPERNATURAL – an EASTERN INDONESIAN CATHOLIC EXPERIENCE of FEAR (Autoethnographic Reflections On
SECULAR, RELIGIOUS AND SUPERNATURAL – AN EASTERN INDONESIAN CATHOLIC EXPERIENCE OF FEAR (Autoethnographic Reflections on the Reading of a New Order-Era Propaganda Text) Justin Laba Wejak Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Faculty of Arts The University of Melbourne Abstract This thesis examines an Eastern Indonesian Catholic experience of fear by analysing how a New Order-era propaganda text dealing with the political upheavals of 1965- 66 triggers and maintains fear in one Eastern Indonesian Catholic reader – myself. It uses the methodology of autoethnography to examine the fears that I myself experienced in 2004 when encountering a 1967 Catholic propaganda text entitled, ‘Dari Madiun ke Lubang Buaya, dari Lubang Buaya ke…?’ [From Madiun to the Crocodile Hole, from the Crocodile Hole to...?]). By analysing my own experience of fear in reading the text, I argue that the Eastern Indonesian Catholic experience of fear involves three interlocking dimensions – secular, religious and supernatural. These three forms of fear are experienced simultaneously by the reader (myself). The From Madiun text is primarily a secular narrative of the 1965-66 events, but the reader brings his culturally-conditioned religious and supernatural fears when reading it. I argue that supernatural fear is the most unspoken but most powerful form of fear that I experienced when reading the text, and this reflects my membership of the Lamaholot community in which supernatural fear is pervasive. The thesis contends that in relation to 1965, the Catholic Church’s propaganda created an explicit secular fear of communists, an implicit religious fear of Muslims, and a hidden supernatural fear of ghosts. -
ANOTHER LOOK at the INDONESIAN "COUP" Harold Crouch in the Early Hours of October 1St, 1965, Six Senior Generals, In
ANOTHER LOOK AT THE INDONESIAN "COUP" Harold Crouch In the early hours of October 1st, 1965, six senior generals, in cluding the commander of the Army, Lt. Gen. Yani, were abducted and murdered at the Halim Air Force Base on the outskirts of Djakarta. Meanwhile rebel troops occupied Djakarta's Freedom Square enabling them to control the President's palace, the telecommunications center and the radio station. An announcement was broadcast which said that the "September 30th Movement," headed by Lt. Col. Untung, had arrested mem bers of the CIA-sponsored "Council of Generals" which had been planning a coup against President Sukarno. In Central Java a similar "coup" was carried out against the commander of the Army's Diponegoro Divi sion, Brig. Gen. Surjosumpeno. The "coup attempt" in Djakarta had failed by the evening of Octo ber 1st. Although President Sukarno had moved to the Halim base, he refused to commit himself in favor of the rebels. Meanwhile Maj. Gen. Suharto mobilized forces to retake Halim. By the time that Suharto's troops had taken control of the base shortly after dawn on the 2nd, President Sukarno, Untung and his associates as well as the PKI chair man, Aidit, had all left. In Central Java, Brig. Gen. Surjosumpeno reoccupied his headquarters in Semarang on October 2nd but his author ity was not fully reestablished until three weeks later when reinforce ments of elite troops arrived from Djakarta. These troops not only restored Surjosumpeno's authority but also set off the massacres which eliminated the PKI as a political force in Indonesia. -
Teaching Controversial History
Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier Department of Education Teaching Controversial History Indonesian High School History Teachers’ Narratives about Teaching Post-Independence Indonesian Communism Stephen Pratama Master’s thesis in Sociology of Education Nr 14 Abstract The sociological tools of Margaret Somers are employed to dissect Indonesian high school history teachers’ narratives about teaching controversial history of post-independence Indonesian communism. Twelve semi-structured interviews form a qualitative foundation to generate analysis on history teachers’ stories about what enables the entanglement of alternative narratives of Indonesian communism in their teachings. This current study explores how various stories of Indonesian communism influence the teachers’ standpoints on it. Moreover, the study highlights the socio-historical context of how their standpoints were formed. Empirical findings in this study suggest that the teachers draw on different narratives that navigate them to teach alternative versions, in order to counterbalance the mainstream story of Indonesian communism in school textbooks and the history curriculum. However, for some teachers, it is more challenging to teach a subject on Indonesian communism in line with their standpoints. The ease and challenges in teaching controversial history vary since each teacher is embedded in different relationships. Therefore, the social context of their teachings is also discussed. Supervisor: Mette Ginnerskov-Dahlberg Examiner: Mikael Börjesson Defended: June 3rd, 2020. Stephen Pratama: Teaching Controversial History Acknowledgement This thesis is a very long academic journey which had started long before I began my master’s studies. Many thanks to Fransisca Ria Susanti, Kimura Tamba, John Roosa and Satriono Prio Utomo who directly or indirectly inspired me to write this topic since early 2017. -
A History of Indonesia's Armed Forces and Analysis of Military Reform
A History of Indonesia’s Armed Forces and Analysis of Military Reform during the Reformasi Period (1998-2012) A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by John Matthew Sova January 2013 © 2013 John Matthew Sova ABSTRACT 21 May 1998 was a seminal moment in Indonesian history. After more than thirty- one years of centralized military authoritarianism, President Suharto was unable to recover from a confluence of national problems and abruptly announced his resignation. The ensuing Reformasi (reform) period ushered in many reforms against Suharto’s regime, including transitioning to a democracy and implementing military reform. This thesis has two aims. The first is to investigate the historic influences of the Indonesian military and trace its evolution to its New Order pre-Reformasi condition in order to best analyze the ongoing military reform movement. The second is to examine the effects of military reform during the first fourteen years of the Reformasi period (1998- 2012) and identify successful practices for future reform. One tool that I use to construct my argument is an exploration of the military's traditional functions and roles in society, specifically through its dual-function doctrine and territorial command system. My research shows that structures and systems created for specific functions have been adjusted to meet changing political, social, and security challenges and priorities, and have subsequently become -
Film Pengkhianatan G30s/Pki Karya Arifin C Noor
LUBANG BUAYA: MITOS DAN KONTRA-MITOS Yoseph Yapi Taum ABSTRAK Wacana tentang Lubang Buaya merupakan salah satu wacana dominan dalam masa pemerintahan Orde Baru. Narasi-narasi resmi yang diproduksi negara (state) dan direproduksi masyarakat (society) cenderung menyebarkan kesan menakutkan bahkan menyeramkan. Tulisan bertujuan mengungkapkan narasi-narasi tentang Lubang Buaya sebagai sebuah mitos politik. Dalam penelusuran, ditemukan kenyataan bahwa mitos Lubang Buaya yang telah diawetkan melalui narasi sejarah, monumen, museum, film, hari peringatan sesungguhnya telah mengalami proses demitologisasi. Secara khusus, sastrawan Indonesia mengawali proses demitologisasi Lubang Buaya dengan menciptakan kontra mitos dalam karya-karya mereka. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan tiga hal. Pertama, mitos tentang peristiwa yang terjadi di Lubang Buaya mengandung muatan nilai-nilai emosional yang jelas-jelas dimaksudkan untuk kepentingan propaganda politik. Kedua, mencuatnya pandangan-pandangan yang berbau kontroversial dalam mitos itu menunjukkan bahwa saat ini telah terjadi proses demitologisasi, yaitu proses menghilangkan mitos sebelumnya. Ketiga, sebagai sebuah tragedi nasional, peristiwa Lubang Buaya dan G30S tetap akan dikenang. Sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk tetap mempelajari pengalaman masa lampau itulah, kita akan tetap terbuka menerima segala penafsiran baru mengenai peristiwa itu. KATA KUNCI G30S, Orde Baru, mitos, kontra-mitos, demitologisasi 1. Pengantar Setiap kali membicarakan peristiwa Gerakan 30 September 1965 (G30S), nama Lubang Buaya pasti -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project BARBARA SILLARS HARVEY Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: October 3, 2014 Copyright 2019 ADST INTERVIEW Q: Today is the 3rd of October, 2014 with Barbara Harvey. It’s H-A-R-V-E-Y? HARVEY: Correct. Q: And this is being done on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training and I am Charles Stuart Kennedy and we are doing this in her apartment at Ingleside at Rock Creek Retirement Community in Washington, D.C. And you go by Barbara. HARVEY: Yes I do. Q: Well when and where were you born? HARVEY: I was born on the 18th of December 1933 in Glasgow, Scotland. Q: Alright, what were you doing in Scotland and let’s do your father’s side first and then we’ll do the mother’s side. HARVEY: Both my parents were from Scotland. My father, Thomas Harvey, was from Invergordon, which is north of Inverness, and my mother, Barbara Martin, was from Campbeltown in Argyllshire. They emigrated separately to the U.S. My father, who was born in 1880, came over before the First World War. According to Ellis Island records he arrived April 15th, 1907. He was a landscape gardener. When Americans got rich enough to hire gardeners from Scotland and England my father came over. He fought in the Canadian army in the First World War; he thought the Yanks were taking too long to get involved. He was 50 years old when he married; he was working on one of the Ballantine family estates, Loudon Hill Farm, near Montrose, Pennsylvania, the northeast corner, between Scranton and Binghamton, New York. -
Performing National Identity in Postcolonial Indonesia
PERFORMING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POSTCOLONIAL INDONESIA SARAH MOSER B.A. (University of Victoria) MLA (University of Toronto) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2008 ii Acknowledgements It has been a unique experience and great privilege to live and study for an extended period in Singapore. It is has been an unforgettable learning experience that I will always cherish. I am grateful for the generous financial support that I have received from the National University of Singapore which has made my stay in Singapore and my research in Indonesia possible. During my PhD, I have established an international network of wonderful people to whom I owe many thanks. I extend my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Lily Kong, for her patience, kindness, sense of humour, encouragement and her faith in me. She has been a wonderful mentor and I feel extremely fortunate to have had the opportunity to have worked with her. My friends in the Geography Department at NUS have kept my spirits up and have offered me advice, friendship, and the occasional kick in the pants, in particular: Rita, Tricia, Kaoko, Vani, Kim Leng, Matthias, Winston, Haja Salina, Jingnan, Diganta, Kanchan, B. Putra, Natalie, Kamal, Linda, Noor, Monica, Tracey, Anant, Christine and also honorary geographers, Taberez and Smita. I appreciate the input from Jan Mrázek, Victor Savage, Natalie Oswin, Budi Sulistiyanto, Johannes Widodo, Brenda Yeoh, and Shirlena Huang, who, at various points during the thesis, offered me sound advice and thoughtful comments that have helped me through this process.