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New and Little-Known Crayfishes of the Virilis Section (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Southeastern United States

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New and Little-Known Crayfishes of the Virilis Section (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Southeastern United States New and Little-known Crayfishes of the virilis Section of Genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Southeastern United States MARTHA R. COOPER and HORTON H. HOBBS, JR. SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 320 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropo/ogy Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. Press requirements for manuscript and art preparation are outlined on the inside back cover. S. Dillon Ripley Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 320 New and Little-known Crayfishes of the virilis Section of Genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Southeastern United States Martha R. Cooper and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1980 ABSTRACT Cooper, Martha R., and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. New and Little-known Crayfishes of the virilis Section of Genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Southeastern United States. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, num- ber 320, 44 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, 1980.—Descriptions, illustrations, and all available information concerning the following previously known species are presented: Orconectes alabamensis (Faxon, 1884), 0. mississippiensis (Faxon, 1884), and 0. validus (Faxon, 1914). Similar treatments are accorded three new species: 0. cooperi from the Flint River basin in Alabama and Tennessee, 0. holti from the Alabama River watershed in Alabama, and 0. chickasawae from the Tombigbee drainage system in Mississippi. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavemosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Cooper, Martha R New and little-known crayfishes of the virilis section of genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Southeastern United States. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 320) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:320 1. Orconectes—Classification. 2. Crustacea—Classification. 3. Crustacea—Southern States —Classification. I. Hobbs, Horton Holcombe, Jr., 1914, joint author. II. Title. III. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 320. QL1.S54 no. 320 [QL444.M33] 591s [595.3'841] 80-607029 Contents Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Orconectes alabamensis (Faxon) 2 Orconectes valtdus (Faxon) 8 Orconectes cooperi, new species 17 Orconectes holti, new species 23 Orconectes chickasawae, new species 29 Orconectes mississippiensis (Faxon) 35 Literature Cited 43 in New and Little-known Crayfishes of the virilis Section of Genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Southeastern United States Martha R. Cooper and Horton H. Hobbs, Jr. Introduction become available from many localities which are Prompted in part by a need to know the com- at this time inadequately represented in collec- ponents of the crayfish fauna in the area of the tions at hand. proposed Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway in Unfortunately, without first form males, we western Alabama and northeastern Mississippi, have been unable to identify specimens of the several years ago we initiated a joint study of the genus from many localities in the Mobile and genus Orconectes in the westward-flowing segment Tennessee basins. Among those species that pos- of the Tennessee River basin and in the Mobile sess a depressed, strongly costate chela in which River watershed. The members of the virilis sec- the dactyl bears a serrate row of tubercles mesial ly tion have been particularly in need of and a distinct excision on the proximal half of the clarification. This report provides redescriptions, opposable surface, the nonsecondary sexual char- illustrations, discussions of range and variation, acters may not always be reliable. Until the limits notes on the life history and ecology, and a list of of variation of these characters in each of the crayfish associates for three previously known species have been determined, a knowledge of the species: Orconectes alabamensis (Faxon, 1884), 0. structure of the first pleopod of the first form validus (Faxon, 1914) and 0. mississippiensis male is indispensable. (Faxon, 1884). In addition, three species are de- As an illustration of the nature of the problem scribed as new: one restricted to the Flint River of identification of members of this complex, watershed (Tennessee River basin) in Alabama Hobbs (1972), in preparing a key to the North and Tennessee, one from tributaries of the Ala- and Middle American crayfishes, found that the bama River in Alabama, and the third from the first pleopod of the syntypic male, form I, of Tombigbee drainage system in Mississippi. Ad- ditional reports are planned as first form males Orconectes mississippiensis had been broken, and he chose a presumable topotypic specimen to illus- Martha R. Cooper, North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, trate the species (p. 80, fig. 63a). The two speci- P.O. Box 27647, Raleigh, North Carolina 27611. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural mens appeared to be so markedly similar (except History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. that the areola of the supposed topotype was 1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY linear instead of being obliterated along part of to Herbert T. Boschung and Thomas S. Jande- its length) that he failed to note the relative beur of the University of Alabama, Eugene C. lengths of the central projection of the first pleo- Beckham of Cornell University, Joseph F. Fitzpa- pods in them. He thus depicted the pleopod of trick, Jr., of the University of South Alabama, one of the new species described herein instead of and Harold Wahlquist of the Alabama Power that of a specimen of 0. mississippiensis. Actually, Company for the large series of crayfishes donated the first pleopod of the first form male of the to the Smithsonian Institution. We are also grate- latter species (Figure llb,d,fji) is easily distin- ful to the following persons who assisted us in guishable from that of the new species (Figure collecting other specimens: Glenn H. Clemmer of 10 b,f); however, those of the second form male Mississippi State University; John E. Cooper of are virtually identical (cf. Figures llc,g and the North Carolina State Museum of Natural lQc,e). Obviously, the first pleopod of the first History; H. H. Hobbs III of Wittenberg Univer- form male must be available in order to deter- sity; Kenneth R. Martin of Atlanta, Georgia; mine whether the specimens in question are James F. Payne of Memphis State University; grouped with those species having pleopods with Daniel J. Peters of Yorktown, Virginia; Jean E. long rami, as in 0. etnieri Bouchard and Bouchard Pugh of Christopher Newport College; John S. (1976:459) and 0. mississippiensis, or with those Ramsey of Auburn University; Samuel R. Tel- possessing short ones, as in 0. immunis (Hagen, ford of the University of Florida; and James D. 1870:71) and two of the new species described Williams, Office of Endangered Species, Fish and herein (Figures 8 and 10). Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. Thanks are Reference is made in the text to "adult males" also extended to Raymond W. Bouchard of the which are considered by us to include those males University of North Alabama both for lending in the first form or second form males that have specimens to us and for records of the occurrence experienced at least one previous molt to first in Tennessee of one of the new species described form. The measurement of the "total" or "mesial" herein. Others whose assistance in obtaining spec- length of the first pleopod follows that of Fitzpa- imens is appreciated are included under the sev- trick (1967: fig. 1/), and constitutes the straight- eral paragraphs devoted to "Specimens Exam- line distance between the levels of the proxi- ined." momesial and distal extremities of the pleopod For their criticisms of the
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