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Turridae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) Del Plioceno Inferior De Málaga (España)

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Turridae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) Del Plioceno Inferior De Málaga (España) © Sociedad Española de Malacología Iberus, 17 (1): 1-19, 1999 Turridae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) del Plioceno inferior de Málaga (España) Turridae (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) of the lower Pliocene from Malaga (Spain) José Luis VERA-PELÁEZ*, Jordi MARTINELL** y M. Carmen LOZANO- FRANCISCO* Recibido el 1-IV-1997. Aceptado el 29-IX-1997 RESUMEN El presente trabajo presenta la relación de las especies de la familia Turridae (Gastro- poda, Prosobranchia) identificadas en los yacimientos del Plioceno inferior de la provincia de Málaga. Se enumeran 79 especies distintas, de las que se proporcionan característi- cas taxonómicas, paleoecológicas y bioestratigráficas. El uso de los caracteres de la pro- toconcha junto a los de la teleoconcha se revelan muy útiles para la identificación de los distintos niveles taxonómicos. ABSTRACT This paper lists the species of the Turridae family (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia) identified in Lower Pliocene outcrops of the Málaga province. Seventy-nine species are quoted, and their taxonomic, paleoecologic and bioestratigraphic characteristics are given. The use of the protoconch and teleoconch features proves to be very useful in the identification of the different taxonomical levels. PALABRAS CLAVE: Turridae, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Plioceno, Málaga, España. KEY WORDS: Turridae, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Pliocene, Málaga, Spain. INTRODUCCIÓN Son escasos los trabajos realizados cies más (Pseudotoma intorta y Gemmula sobre Turridae en los depósitos plioce- contigua). Con motivo del terremoto de nos de la provincia de Málaga. Los estu- Málaga de 1892, LÉVY Y BERGERON dios más antiguos se deben a SCHAREN- (1892) y BERTRAND Y KILIAN (1892) reali- BERG (1854), quien cita por primera vez zaron sendos trabajos geológicos del sur la especie Bathytoma cataphracta y de Andalucía, ofreciendo los listados ANSTED (1857), quien cita 5 especies de malacológicos más completos de la pro- túrridos en los “antiguos tejares” de vincia realizados hasta esa fecha, Málaga. DE ORUETA (1875) añade 2 espe- citando 6 especies de túrridos. Ello *Dpto. Ecología y Geología (Área de Paleontología), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Teatinos s/n. E-29071 Málaga. **Dpto. Geologia Dinàmica, Geofísica i Paleontologia (Lab. de Paleontologia), Fac. Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08071 Barcelona. 1 Iberus, 17 (1), 1999 Figura 1. Mapa geológico de la provincia de Málaga, mostrando la localización de los yacimientos estudiados (E: Estepona; R: Ronda; A: Antequera; V: Vélez Málaga) (GUERRA-MERCHÁN ET AL., 1996). Figure 1. Geologic map of Malaga and location of the studied outcrops (E: Estepona; R: Ronda; A: Antequera; V: Velez Malaga) (GUERRA-MERCHÁN ET AL., 1996). queda reflejado por MALLADA (1892) en extiende paralela al litoral. Dichos mate- su listado de las especies fósiles de riales reposan discordantes sobre otros España. Finalmente, DE ORUETA (1917) pertenecientes a diferentes unidades recopila las especies citadas por los representadas en la Cordillera Bética autores anteriores. (Complejo Alpujárride, Complejo Malá- No se han vuelto a publicar trabajos guide y Complejo del Campo de Gibral- malacológicos sobre el Plioceno de Má- tar) y son, a su vez, cubiertos en discor- laga que incluyan túrridos hasta el de dancia por conglomerados y arenas alu- VERA-PELÁEZ, LOZANO-FRANCISCO, MU- viales del Cuaternario (LOZANO-FRAN- ÑIZ-SOLÍS, GILI, MARTINELL, DOMÈNECH, CISCO, VERA-PELÁEZ Y GUERRA-MER- PALMQVIST Y GUERRA-MERCHÁN (1995a), CHÁN, 1993) (Figs. 1 y 2). donde se presenta un listado preliminar De Este a Oeste, las localidades que de especies de moluscos del área de Este- han proporcionado la fauna de túrridos pona, citándose 67 especies de túrridos. estudiada son: Vélez Málaga, situada VERA-PELÁEZ Y BATLLORI (1996) estudian entre Torre del Mar y Vélez Málaga (Fig. la subfamilia Crassispirinae del Neógeno 4); la Colonia de Santa Inés, ubicada al de la Península Ibérica, la cual com- Oeste de la capital malagueña (Fig. 3); y prende 7 especies de túrridos, 2 de ellas el conjunto formado por los yacimientos procedentes del Plioceno malacitano. de Bizcornil, Parque Antena, Guadal- Este trabajo constituye una revisión y mansa, Velerín-carretera, Velerín y actualización sistemática de los represen- Padrón, que afloran en la región com- tantes de esta familia en el Plioceno prendida entre San Pedro de Alcántara marino de la provincia de Málaga, donde y Estepona (Fig. 2). se encuentraron 79 especies distintas. En la región de Estepona, GUERRA- MERCHÁN (1996) diferencia tres conjun- tos litológicos. El inferior, constituído CARACTERÍSTICAS GEOLÓGICAS por conglomerados y arenas rojas, repre- DEL ÁREA EN ESTUDIO senta el depósito de pequeños abanicos aluviales. El conjunto intermedio se Los materiales pliocenos de la pro- caracteriza por el predominio de facies vincia de Málaga afloran fundamental- detríticas gruesas con abundante fauna mente a lo largo de una franja que se que evidencia un medio marino. En su 2 VERA-PELÁEZ ET AL.: Turridae (Gastropoda) del Plioceno inferior de Málaga (España) Figura 2. Mapa geológico del área al Sur de Sierra Bermeja: a: Aluvial reciente; b: Aluvial Pleisto- ceno; c: Plioceno; d: Formación San Pedro de Alcántara; d: Complejo del Campo de Gibraltar; e: Complejo Maláguide; f: Complejo Alpujárride. Yacimientos: 1: Padrón; 2: Velerín; 3: Velerín- carretera; 4: Parque Antena; 5: Guadalmansa; 6: Bizcornil (GUERRA-MERCHÁN, PALMQVIST, LOZANO-FRANCISCO, VERA-PELÁEZ Y TRIVIÑO RODRÍGUEZ, 1996). Figure 2. Geologic map from Southern Sierra Bermeja: a: Recent alluvial; b: Pleistocene alluvial; c: San Pedro de Alcántara Formation; d: Campo de Gibraltar Complex; e: Maláguide Complex; f: Alpujárride Complex. Outcrops: 1: Padrón; 2: Velerín; 3: Velerín-carretera; 4: Parque Antena; 5: Guadalmansa; 6: Bizcornil (GUERRA-MERCHÁN, PALMQVIST, LOZANO-FRANCISCO, VERA-PELÁEZ Y TRIVIÑO RODRÍGUEZ, 1996). 3 4 Figura 3. Localización del afloramiento de la Cuenca de Málaga: 7: Colonia de Santa Inés. Figura 4. Localización del afloramiento de Vélez Málaga: 8: Vélez Málaga. Figure 3. Location of the outcrop of the Malaga basin: 7: Colonia de Santa Inés. Figure 4. Location of the Veléz Málaga outcrop: 8: Vélez Málaga. 3 Iberus, 17 (1), 1999 parte basal está representado por facies LOZANO-FRANCISCO, MARTINELL, DOMÈ- arenosas litorales y facies lutíticas de pla- NECH Y GUERRA-MERCHÁN, 1995b). taforma, sobre las que se superponen facies conglomeráticas y arenosas rela- cionadas con depósitos deltaicos. El con- MORFOLOGÍA GENERAL DE LOS junto superior, constituído por arenas TÚRRIDOS finas y lutitas bioturbadas corresponde al depósito de la zona de transición. Los Casi todas las características morfo- yacimientos de Bizcornil, Guadalmansa lógicas relevantes de la familia Turridae y Velerín se localizan más cerca del hacen referencia a sus partes blandas, borde de la cuenca y muestran un predo- destacando las siguientes: minio de facies detríticas groseras. Estos a) Presencia de una probóscide y un afloramientos se caracterizan por el pre- aparato digestivo anterior muy modifi- dominio de facies conglomeráticas con cados, especializados para la caza bases canalizadas e imbricaciones de (POWELL, 1966; 1969); cantos en su parte baja. Localmente se b) Presencia de una o varias glándu- intercalan facies de arenas masivas, las de veneno neurotóxico; arenas con cantos o arenas con estratifi- c) Posesión de un saco de la rádula y cación cruzada. Hacia la parte alta de los un opérculo córneo, ovalado o en forma mismos se aprecia un mayor contenido de hoja, con el núcleo apical, central o en facies arenosas. Estos yacimientos lateral, ausente en algunas subfamilias y presentan un alto contenido en fauna géneros (BARNES, 1987; POWELL, 1942; transportada y redepositada, con un 1966; 1969). cierto desgaste y deterioro. Los yaci- Si bien, son también fundamentales mientos de Parque Antena, Velerín- las siguientes características anatómicas: carretera y Padrón muestran un neto a) Presencia de un seno anal, que es predominio de facies arenosas. Estos una invaginación en la rampa sutural yacimientos se localizan en posición más del borde del labro, de forma variable distal con respecto a los anteriores, nor- (carácter compartido con la familia malmente fuera de la influencia de las Conidae); corrientes procedentes de los relieves b) Posesión de un complejo aparato emergidos. La fauna en estos afloramien- radular consistente en una rádula toxo- tos se encuentra muy bien conservada glosa formada por 3 hileras de dientes (2 (LOZANO-FRANCISCO ET AL., 1993). marginales alargados de forma variable y Los yacimientos de la Colonia de Santa un diente central reducido y de base en- Inés y Vélez Málaga, a diferencia de los sanchada, que puede estar ausente); en la anteriores, se caracterizan por un predo- subfamilia Clavinae hay una rádula pro- minio de facies de limos y arcillas más o totípica (formada por 5 hileras de dientes: menos arenosas. El yacimiento de Vélez 2 laterales, 2 marginales y 1 central) y que Málaga se localiza entre Torre del Mar y constituye un carácter primitivo (PO- Vélez Málaga. Este yacimiento es muy WELL, 1942; 1966), si bien algunas espe- similar al de la Colonia de Santa Inés, des- cies presentan una rádula con un desa- tacando los 4-5 m inferiores, constituídos rrollo toxogloso completo (1 diente mar- por arcillas grises, algo arenosas. Por ginal en forma de arpón igual al que se encima, se dispone 1 m de arcillas amari- encuentra en la familia Conidae). llas que dan paso a 3-4 m de arenas gruesas El estudio de los
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